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GHG WG2 Updates
The RSPO GHG WG2 Update series provides ongoing information to members of the second greenhouse gas
working group on the ongoing activities and outputs of the group. It is produced by the WG2 facilitators,
ProForest ([email protected]), in consultation with the group Co-Chairs.
For further information on the RSPO and the activities of the greenhouse gas working group please contact the
RSPO Secretariat at [email protected] or go to the RSPO website www.rspo.org.
RSPO GHG WG2 Update 03 1 of 50
Working Group Update 03. June 2010
GHG WG2 Meeting 2
The second GHG WG2 meeting was held in Singapore on 27
& 28 May.
Meeting 2 Agenda:
The final agenda for the second GHG WG2 meeting can be found on page 5.
Meeting 2 Participant list:
The list of participants, along with observers can be found on page 7. Please
check this list and forward me any changes/ additions.
Copyright ProForest
GHG WG2 Updates
RSPO GHG WG2 Update 03 2 of 50
WORKSTREAM #1: OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS
Background: The aim of this workstream is to
produce a framework which RSPO members can
use to measure, monitor and report GHGs within
their operations as well as identifying voluntary
actions on GHG management.
Status: Members of this group met in Kuala
Lumpur on 24 & 25 May, 2010. The group, led by
lead author Cecile Bessou from CIRAD, reported
back to the full GHG WG2 on their progress so far
which includes initial definition of (1) the users of
the framework; (2) the system boundary; (3)
parameter values that can be collected from the
field; (4) methodology for reviewing data to
establish „generic values‟; (5) methodology for
collecting case studies on best management
practices.
GHG WG2 members spent some time in breakout
groups brainstorming feedback and input into the
next stages of the process.
Next steps for workstream #1:
*detailed timeline/output available on page 11.
Activity/ output Approximate
Timeframe
Review information on:
Needed parameters, available data,
Methodologies for GHG calculation
July 2010
Collection of data on:
The typologies of producers, case
studies of „best practices‟ to lower
GHG emissions
July 2010
Sub-group meeting to:
Make adjustments to
framework/system boundary
Discuss choice of „generic values‟ &
characterisation methodologies
End of July,
2010
Final draft of Framework & final draft
of deliverables for task 2
Sept 2010
Pilot testing of the framework 2011
Attached are:
Final ToR (see page 9)
Workstream #1 progress presentation,
presented to GHG WG2 by Cecile Bessou
(CIRAD) (see page 12)
List of group members (see page 15)
WORKSTREAM #2: PEATLAND WG
Background: This workstream will focus on
emissions related to operational management of
peat.
Status: There are presently 23 members in the
PLWG, including co-chairs Rosediana Suharto and
Faizal Parish. Members of the group first met in
22-23 April 2010 in Jakarta, Indonesia.
The outcome of the initial meeting was very
positive and was presented to the full GHG WG2 by
co-chair Rosediana Suharto. A presentation
providing an overview of tropical peat and oil palm
cultivation was also presented by Dr. Peter Lim
Kim Huan. The group have agreed to a ToR and
have developed a detailed timeline of work. The
budget has been included in draft form, but is still
in the process of being finalised.
Next steps for workstream #2:
*detailed timeline/output available from page 23
Activity/ output Approximate
Timeframe
Identify environmental & social
impacts of oil palm plantations on
peatlands/ adjacent areas
July 2010 –
early 2011
Identify best practices for managing
oil palm plantation on peat soils to
minimize GHG emissions and enhance
sustainability
Late June 2010
– End 2011
Identify practical methodologies for
assessing & monitoring carbon stocks
and key GHG emissions from oil palm
plantations on peat soils
Late June 2010
– Early 2011
Evaluate options & constraints for the
rehabilitation of degraded peatlands
July 2010 –
End 2011
Pilot testing of the framework 2011
Attached are:
Draft report of first meeting (see page 16)
Final draft of ToR (see page 18)
Presentation summary by Dr. Peter Lim Kim
Huan (see page 31)
List of group members (see page 34)
Updates on Workstreams
GHG WG2 Updates
RSPO GHG WG2 Update 03 3 of 50
WORKSTREAM #3: SCIENTIFIC PANEL
Background: The scientific panel will review
existing information about land use and land use
change and its impact on GHGs including
identifying gaps and areas of uncertainty in the
current body of information. This information will
be used to develop a series of future scenarios to
examine the impact of different land management
options
Status: The group consists of 7 scientists, all of
whom were selected through a nomination
process, and is led by Fahmuddin Agus. Members
have technical expertise across a variety of issues.
The panel met for the first time on 26 May, 2010,
and the ToRs are currently in the process of being
finalised.
Next steps for workstream #3:
*Further details on outputs available from page 37
Activity/ output Approximate
Timeframe
Compilation of information on land
cover change in tropics from SE Asia &
other oil palm producing regions
Nov 2010
Compilation of carbon stock under
different land cover types
Sept 2010
Analysis of GHG fluxes under different
land cover & management systems for
mineral soils
Sept 2010
Synthesis of C stock of oil palm under
various variables (i.e. age, soil, variety)
Sept 2010
Analysis of GHG fluxes under different
land use & management systems for
peatland
Apr 2011
Synthesis of historical GHG emission &
scenarios for emission reduction
Jun 2011
Attached are:
Draft ToR (see page 36)
Workstream #3 progress presentation,
presented to GHG WG2 by Fahmuddin Agus
(GAPKI & IAARD) (see page 43 )
List of group members (see page 46)
WORKSTREAM #4: POLICY PANEL
Background: The purpose of this panel will be to
focus on the legal, institutional and policy barriers
to implementing strategies to reduce GHG
emissions – particularly those related to land-use
change.
Status: From the break-out sessions, it was evident
that many initiatives are underway with similar
objectives to the policy panel. Below is a brief list
of policy initiatives underway:
Prince‟s Rainforest Trust initiative – to
investigate issues pertaining to (1) spatial
planning; (2) planting on degraded land; (3)
increasing yield for smallholders
Indonesia‟s National Planning Agency,
BAPPENAS initiative - to test the feasibility of
land swaps, and investigating ways to reduce
emissions from peatlands (not limited to palm
oil), among other objectives.
Members of the GHG WG2 identified multiple
issues that the policy panel could further
investigate. This includes being up-to-date with all
international, regional and national policy
initiatives that are currently underway or planned.
Copyright ProForest
GHG WG2 Updates
RSPO GHG WG2 Update 03 4 of 50
Next steps: Members of the GHG WG2 agreed that
before a policy panel is convened the new RSPO
GHG coordinator will pull together information on
existing initiatives. Based on the outcome of this
work, the GHG WG2 will investigate where issues
remain unaddressed and whether it is necessary to
convene a panel to address these issues.
WORKSTREAM #5: EMISSIONS FROM OTHER
RSPO MEMBERS
Background: This workstream will focus on the
activities being undertaken by RSPO membership
categories other than producers and processors,
including investors, NGOs etc, to reduce and
manage their emissions.
WORKSTREAM #6: ENGAGEMENT WITH RSPO
MEMBERS
Background: This workstream will collect
information on the activities which RSPO members
are already planning or implementing to better
understand and manage GHGs from production
and processing.
The data collected for this workstream will be for
the purpose of the GHG WG2 only, particularly
workstream #1. This workstream hopes to capture
information about best management practices that
are currently being employed by producers/
processors in terms of addressing and/or reducing
GHG emissions.
Other issues
NEXT MEETING: The date of the next meeting
will be the 7 – 8 October, 2010.
RSPO GHG WG2 Communication Program:
Presentation by the Secretariat can be found on
page 47.
Appointment of RSPO GHG Co-ordinator: RSPO
have appointed a new RSPO GHG Co-ordinator.
Updated membership list including alternates
where these have been confirmed (see page 48)
Copyright ProForest
Copyright ProForest
5
Agenda for RSPO GHG WG2 – Second Meeting
Singapore, 27-28 May 2010
Final agenda
Day 1: Thursday
0900 Welcome
Introductions and housekeeping
Overview of process –
Progress so far
Aims going forward
Agenda – discuss and agree on agenda for the two days
0930 Update on Workstream 3 - Science Panel
Introduction and summary of first meeting and plans going forward
11:30 Workstream 2 – Peatland Working Group
Presentation on first meeting and plans for next steps
1315 Update on other meetings in KL, Jakarta, Singapore, etc (PRP, MPOC
conference, etc
1345 Update on Workstream 4 - Policy discussion
Breakout groups to discuss what issues need to be considered and to
identify any existing initiatives working on the identified issues
Plenary discussion of working group findings
1545 Workstream 1 - Operational emissions
Presentation on progress to date and planned next steps
* Please note: On May 27, 2010 at 19:30 pm there is a presentation by Tim Killeen at the
Singapore Science Center on „The Cardamom Conundrum: Reconciling Conservation and
Development in the Kingdom of Cambodia‟.
6
Day 2: Friday
0900 Review of previous day
0910 Update on Workstream 5 - Collection of information from non-producers
on what they are doing.
Presentation and discussion
Update on Workstream 6 - Collection of information from producers/
processors to inform Workstream 1 –
Presentation and discussion
0915 Workstream 1 - Operational emissions
Break-out sessions (circa 40 mins) to discuss proposal from technical
working group, followed by discussion in plenary
1115 Communications update
1145 Wrap-up and date of next meeting
1200 Meeting for EB members of the group
1230 Close
Back to main page
7
Participants who attended the Second RSPO GHG WG2 meeting
Final list of participants who attended the second WG2 meeting between 27 and 28 May, 2010
Co-Chairs
Name Organisation Type
Jeremy Goon MPOA Producer, Malaysia
Tim Killeen Conservation International ENGO, USA
Facilitators
Ruth Nussbaum ProForest Technical expert
Pavithra Ramani ProForest Technical expert
From the EB
Adam Harrison WWF ENGO, EU
Chong Wei Kwang HSBC Banker, Malaysia
Jose Den Toom Rabobank Banker, Singapore
Simon Lord (Alternate for RoW) New Britain Palm Oil Producer/Processor, Singapore
Purboyo Guritno GAPKI Producer, Indonesia
Chew Jit Seng MPOA Producer, Malaysia
Norman Jiwan Sawit Watch SNGO, Indonesia
Jan-Kees Vis Unilever Manufacturer, EU
Non EB members
Daud Dharsono
PT SMART / GAPKI - Indonesia Producer (Technical expert),
Indonesia
Tan Teck Hock (Alternate for
Joshua Mathews)
IOI – Global Processor/Producer, Malaysia
Dr. Gan Lian Tiong Musim Mas - Indonesia Producer (Agronomist), Indonesia
Fahmuddin Agus GAPKI and IAARD - Indonesia Technical expert
Ong Kim Pin Kulim Berhad Malaysia, PNG Producer, Malaysia
Kai-Uwe Ostheim ADM International Sarl Processor (General Manager), EU
Ian Orrell Oil Palm Research Association
(OPRA) of PNG
Technical Expert, PNG
Haris Iskandar (Alternate for
Ken MacDicken)
IFC Technical Expert (Forestry and
Carbon specialist)
Puvan Selvanthan Sime Darby Producer (Chief Sustainability
Officer)
Sanin Triyanond Pathum Oil Processor (Director)
David Lee (Alternate for Faizal
Parish)
Global Environment Centre ENGO, Malaysia
Amir Abdul-Manan Shell Global Solutions
Processor (GHG Intensity Analysis
Expert), Malaysia
8
Name Organisation Type
Rosediana Suharto
IPOC Technical expert, Indonesia
Cecile Bessou
CIRAD Technical expert, UK
Observers
Mukesh Sharma
Asian Agri Producer, Indonesia
Jean-Pierre Caliman
(Alternate for Daud
Dharsono)
PT SMART Producer (Technical expert),
Indonesia
Peter Heng Golden Agri Producer, Indonesia
Ira Larasaty PT SMART Producer, Indonesia
Llorenc Mila-i-Canals
(Alternate for Jan-Kees
Vis)
Unilever Technical expert, UK
Dr. Bambang Hero Saharjo
(Alternate for Norman
Jiwan)
Sawit Watch SNGO, Indonesia
Abdul Rashid Ab. Mali Forest Research Institute,
Malaysia
Technical expert (policies on forest
management, climate change,
forest plantation & renewable
energy)
K.T. Joseph University Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Technical expert (land use
planning, remote sensing & GIS
technologies, soil chemistry)
Petrus Gunarso Ministry of Forestry,
Indonesia
Technical expert (Forest
management & conservation,
community forestry, ecosystem
services)
John Pearson British Embassy
Mamat Salleh MPOA
Wong Mum Keng IOI Global Producer, Malaysia
Sin Chuan Eng KLK Producer, Malaysia
Secretariat
Sarala Aikanathan RSPO Staff
Jutta Poetz RSPO Staff
Back to main page
9
Terms of Reference for RSPO GHG WG2
Workstream #1 – Operational Emissions
04 June 2010
These Terms of Reference outline the scope of work, activities, expected outputs,
composition, and timeframe of the RSPO GHG WG2‟s Workstream #1.
1. Background
As was agreed in GHG WG1 and further developed in detail in WG2 that there is a need to
understand and manage operational emissions of GHGs related to palm oil production,
which include emissions from methane from POME, fossil fuel use, fertilizers, processing
and transport.
2. Scope of work
It was agreed at the first GHG WG2 meeting in February 2010 that this workstream should
focus on improving information about operational GHG emissions and sequestration and
on utilising practices and activities that are currently being implemented by RSPO
members that could lead to reductions in GHG emissions from palm oil operations.
The main focus of workstream #1 will be to:
Task 1. Develop a harmonized framework and guidance for monitoring, measuring and
reporting operational emissions, consisting of boundaries, toolkits, definitions, default
values and models for best practices.
Task 2. Identify opportunities for avoiding, mitigating or leveraging reductions in
operational GHG emissions via voluntary action
3. Composition & Responsibilities of workstream #1 group
The tasks mentioned above will be undertaken by a group with expertise in operational
emissions in palm oil. The group will consist of 6-9 people, from within and outside the
GHG-WG2, who will be identified by the GHG-WG2 members. Within the group there will
be the following roles:
Lead author – The lead author will be leading this group, and whose responsibility is
to develop the outputs with a clear vision, i.e. framework and guidance, for moving
forward on operational emissions.
Technical group – These members are responsible for contributing to the outputs
from the lead author.
In addition, other GHG WG2 and RSPO members, while not actively part of the workstream
#1 group, will be asked to provide input by this group.
10
4. Activities
Each task will require a number of activities:
Task 1: Develop a framework with user friendly guidance which RSPO companies can use
to monitor, measure and report GHG emissions and sequestration consistently
# Activity Responsibility
1 Review approaches currently being used by GHG WG2
members and others in the industry and in similar
sectors.
Preparation by lead
author and discussion
in full group
2 Review GHG requirements in different agricultural
commodity standards, legislations, and GHG calculations/
reporting standards, e.g. EU-RED, WRI GHG Protocol,
RTRS, etc.
Preparation by lead
author and discussion
in full group
3 Develop a draft framework for discussion by the full GHG
WG2 working group.
Proposed by group then
written up by lead
author with comments
from group
4 Finalise the draft framework based on input from the GHG
WG2 working group and develop accompanying guidance.
Lead author with
comments from group
Task 2: Collate information and guidance for RSPO members on methodologies/options
available for reducing emissions.
# Activity Responsibility
1 Identifying all RSPO members currently undertaking
activities relating to GHG monitoring or control
Group supported by
GHG WG2 facilitators
2 Documenting and reviewing case studies and examples of
best practice being undertaken voluntarily by RSPO
members to reduce emissions.
Lead author supported
by GHG WG2 facilitators
3 Evaluating potential revenue streams to support best
management practices including international emission
trading schemes like the CDM and voluntary schemes
such as VCS.
Lead author supported
by GHG WG2 facilitators
5. Outputs & Timelines
The work of the Workstream #1 sub-group will take place within the GHG-WG2 mandate of
one year, which may be extended or terminated as the Executive Board deems necessary.
Initially one meeting of the group is planned though other meetings may be suggested by
the sub-group members in consultation with the GHG WG2 Co-Chairs and Facilitators.
11
The outputs to the sub-group will include:
Task 1:
# Output Expected
deadline
1 Draft Framework to be discussed at next GHG WG2 meeting May 2010
2 Final draft Framework to be discussed by GHG WG2 Sep 2010
3 Final Framework with guidance to be discussed at RT8 and
available for pilot testing
Nov 2010
Task 2:
# Output Expected
deadline
1
List of ongoing activities and projects being undertaken by GHG
WG2 and RSPO members:
Outline draft list of voluntary projects for discussion May 2010
Second draft list of voluntary projects Sep 2010
Full list of voluntary projects for RT8 Nov 2010
2
Summary of case studies and examples of best management
practices undertaken by RSPO members to reduce emissions
Draft for discussion Sep 2010
Final summary for distribution Nov 2010
3
Summary of potential funding streams
Draft for discussion Sep 2010
Final summary Nov 2010
General:
1. Presentations of framework - The lead author, in coordination with the Co-Chairs and
Facilitators, will provide updates and/or results of their activities during each GHG
WG2 meeting.
Back to main page
12
Workstream #1 – Operational emissions
Progress presentation – presented to GHG WG2 by Cecile Bessou
(CIRAD)
27 May 2010
13
14
Back to main page
15
Workstream #1 – Operational Emissions
List of group members
April 2010
Participation from:
Name Organisation Type
Cecile Bessou CIRAD Lead author (Technical expert),
France
Mukesh Sharma Asian Agri Group Producer, Indonesia
Bambang H Saharjo Sawit Watch SNGO, Indonesia
Jean Pierre Caliman PT SMART Producer, Indonesia
Llorenc Mila-i-Canals Unilever Manufacturer, UK
Amir Abdul-Manan Shell Global Processor, Malaysia
Sarala Aikanathan RSPO Secretariat
Jutta Poetz RSPO Secretariat
Pavithra Ramani ProForest Facilitator
With apologies from:
Name Organisation Type
S.S. Chen SIRIM Technical expert, Malaysia
Joshua Mathews IOI Global Producer, Malaysia
Shabbir Geewala Mongkut‟s University of
Technology Thonburi
Technical expert, Thailand
Back to main page
16
Workstream #2 – Peatland Working Group
Final Draft Report on RSPO Peatland Working Group Meeting
22-23 April 2010
Jakarta, Indonesia
The meeting was attended by 17 participants (see Annex 1) and was held from the 22nd
-23rd
April 2010 at Grand Kemang Hotel in Jakarta, Indonesia. Apologies were accepted from 5
members of the WG.
1. Introduction
The co-chair of RSPO GHG WG2, Tim Killeen opened the meeting and gave an update of the
work on GHG WG and the process of establishment of PLWG. He also gave an overview of the
various workstreams under the GHG WG (see Annex 2).The PLWG operates as workstream 2
under the GHG WG. The initial TOR approved by the RSPO Board for the PLWG was presented
by Tim Killeen.
2. Presentation on Peatlands and Palm Oil
A presentation was made by Dr. Peter Lim Kim Huan from PT TH Indo Plantation entitled
“Overview of Tropical Peat under Oil Palm Cultivation” (see summary in Annex 3).
3. Appointment of co-chairs
Two co-chairs were appointed as follows, Dr. Rosediana Suharto from the Indonesia Palm Oil
Council and Mr. Faizal Parish from the Global Environment Centre representing the growers
and the NGOs respectively.
4. Revision of TOR
The initial TOR was deliberated and reviewed in detailed, and changes were proposed (see
Annex 4).
5. Discussion on Workplan for 2010-2011
Sub-groups were established to look in detail at the best way to implement key tasks for each
of the four objectives. The sub-groups reported back to the overall working group and the
final workplan for 2010-2011 was adopted (see Annex 5).
6. Timetable and milestones
The key milestones over the two year period were reviewed and a draft timetable attached as
Annex 6.
17
7. Linkages
The group emphasized the need to establish appropriate linkages with other on-going RSPO
WGs and the relevant external initiatives.
8. Budget framework
An outline budget framework ( Annex 7) was developed to be submitted for Executive Board‟s
approval.
9. Next meeting
It was proposed that the next meeting to be held in Malaysia (provisionally in Kuala Lumpur)
in late July/early August, with a field trip to one or more oil palm on peatland sites.
The meeting was closed by the co-chairs with thanks to all participants as well as to RSPO and
the British government for providing support.
Back to main page
18
Workstream #2 – Peatland Working Group
Revised Draft Terms of Reference
23 April 2010
These Terms of Reference outline the scope of work, proposed activities, outputs and
operational arrangements of the RSPO PLWG. They have been revised in the first meeting of
the PLWG on 22-23 April 2010.
1. Background
Peatlands are estimated to hold the largest pool of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems.
Accounting for less than 3% of the global land surface, peat stores more carbon than all other
terrestrial carbon pools combined and twice as much as the above ground biomass of both
temperate and tropical forests.
Peatlands cover approximately 30 – 45 million hectares in tropical regions and are especially
abundant in Insular Southeast Asia, with an estimated 20 million hectares. The conversion of
tropical forest on peat soils to establish agricultural and forest plantations has been estimated
to account for between 3% and 5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These
emissions are the direct result of forest degradation and biomass burning associated with the
conversion process; however, converted and drained peatlands continue to emit significant
GHG for decades following clearing.
Modified hydrological regimes, which are a necessary management component of plantation
agriculture, change the soil environment typical of wetland ecosystems from an anaerobic to
aerobic state, which greatly facilitates the oxidation of soil organic matter. Consequently,
instead of sequestering atmospheric CO2 through the formation of peat, draining peat
swamps reverses a process that has led to the large-scale sequestration of carbon that has
created massive terrestrial carbon stocks over tens of millennia.
Peatlands are also wetlands and they play an important role in providing fresh water and other
ecosystem services to human society at the local, regional, and global scale. As a habitat
type with extreme chemical and physical characteristics, biological organisms have evolved
specialized physiological processes in order to survive. Moreover, drained peatlands
experience both subsidence and compaction that leads to reduced water retention capacity
and topography.
The palm oil industry is one the most productive and efficient agricultural production systems
on Earth, providing approximately 40% of all edible vegetable oils traded globally. It is labor
intensive and incorporates value-added industrial components at downstream stages of the
value-added production chain. As such, it represents an important option for economic
growth and job creation for developing countries.
Oil palm plantations currently cover approximately 15 million hectares globally, with
approximately 4.5 million hectares in Malaysia and between 7 million hectares in Indonesia,
the two most important producers of palm oil. These countries are also home to the world‟s
largest and most extensive tropical forested peatlands and an estimated 1 million hectares of
peat forest have been converted to oil palm plantations.
19
Conservation initiatives and the ongoing conversion of available forest landscapes with
mineral soils are increasing the pressure to establish oil palm plantations on peat forest,
especially those that have been degraded by non-sustainable logging, or which may have been
impacted by drainage of adjacent areas.
The net GHG emissions from oil palm plantations vary greatly depending upon management
regime. Biomass burning during establishment or replanting greatly aggravate the emission
of CO2, especially when the peat itself catches fire. Aggressive measures to maximize
drainage can accelerate soil oxidation, while efforts to maintain relatively high water levels
minimise oxidation and emission. Over the medium-term, subsidence (which is the combined
result of peat oxidation and compaction), may impede efforts to manage water levels in the
future, which could increase flooding and potentially lead to salt water intrusion in coastal
areas.
Managing plantations on peat are a special challenge. However management options that
minimize subsidence and degradation of peat soils also lower GHG emissions and tend to
lower operation cost and improve the yields of existing plantations. The impending
development of global carbon markets may change the economic viability of establishing or
operating plantations on peat soils and increase the viability of alternative options to “rewet”
these landscapes in order to stop peat oxidation and restore the ecological processes that
lead to carbon sequestration.
The need to address these issues, the RSPO General Assembly in November 2009 agreed that
a working group would be established to explore and develop business models for optimizing
sustainability of existing oil palm plantations on peatlands, including exploring water
management regimes appropriate to reduce emissions, mechanisms that facilitate restoration
of peatlands and recommendations on after-use of plantation areas on peat.
This working group will build on the literature review, experience and proposals of the first
RSPO Working Group on Green House Gases, and will also work within the framework of the
GHG Working Group 2.
2. Scope of Work
The proposed objectives of the PLWG are to:
Objective 1: Identify the environmental and social impacts related to oil palm plantations on
peatlands.
Objective 2: Identify best practices for managing oil palm plantations on peat soils in order
to minimize GHG emissions and enhance sustainability.
Objective 3: Identify practical methodologies for assessing and monitoring carbon stocks
and key GHG emissions from oil palm plantations established on peat soils
Objective 4: Evaluate options and constraints for the rehabilitation of degraded peatlands.
20
3. Activities
It is proposed that the PLWG will work closely with and with the second RSPO Greenhouse Gas
Working Group (GHG WG2), in order to provide specific information on oil palm plantations
established on peat lands and make recommendations that would allow members to the RSPO
to reduce emissions from existing plantations and avoid or mitigate potential future emissions
from new plantations. The detailed tasks of the PLWG according to the four objectives are as
follows:
1. Identify the environmental and social impacts related to oil palm plantations on
peatlands.
1.1 Conduct a review of literature/other information sources to identify
a) The environmental impacts of oil palm plantations on peatlands with focus on
GHG, but including other issues (biodiversity etc)
b) social and economic impacts of oil palm plantations developed on peatlands
c) impacts of oil palm plantations on peatlands at a landscape level – eg impacting
adjacent lands through drainage
1.2 Collate information on the current spatial extent of existing plantations established
on peat soils, as well as the planned extent of future oil palm planting in peatland
areas .
1.3 Collate information (and identify gaps) on the spatial extent of peatlands in main
countries with oil palm on peatlands and stratify into appropriate categories
including:
a) depth of peat; and,
b) the degree of existing land degradation (eg forest clearance, fires, overdrainage,
subsidence etc)
1.4 Collate information on potential GHG emissions and other environmental impacts for
a “business as usual” scenario for peatland development based on current practices
and probable expansion under existing conditions.
1.5 Assess the long-term effect of subsidence on the viability of oil palm cultivation on
peat.
2. Identify best practices for managing oil palm plantations on peat soils in order to
minimize GHG emissions and enhance sustainability.
2.1. Conduct review of literature/other information on best management practices for
oil palm plantations on peat.
2.2. Compile/prepare case studies on best practices in oil palm plantations.
2.3. Organize field visits to a selection of oil palm plantations on peat with different
management regimes.
2.4. Collate and compare current practices of peat management with other production
systems on peat soils.
2.5. Develop best practice guidelines on oil palm plantations on peat.
2.6. Develop a strategy for promotion of best practices on peatlands.
3. Identify practical methodologies for assessing and monitoring carbon stocks and key
GHG emissions from oil palm plantations established on peat soils
3.1. Compile information on practical methodologies to document and monitor carbon
stocks and GHG flux from oil palm plantations on peat.
3.2. Work with GHG WG2 (Workstream 3) to develop practical procedures applicable in
peatlands to estimate changes in GHG flux following enhanced management.
21
4. Evaluate options and constraints for the rehabilitation of degraded peatlands.
4.1 Collate information on the experience of rehabilitation of degraded peatlands.
4.2 Assess the changes in carbon stocks and flows (and flux of other GHG) that would
occur from rehabilitated peatlands.
4.3 Compile information on potential of carbon finance and other mechanisms to avoid
peatland degradation and support peatland rehabilitation
4.4 Identify options and constraints for rehabilitation or sustainable use of degraded
peatlands, land cleared or earmarked for oil palm (but not planted) and after use of
oil palm plantations
4.5 Evaluate the cost and feasibility of rewetting degraded/drained peatlands.
4. Outputs
The main outputs of the Working Group are envisaged as follows:
A. A review identifying the main environmental and social impacts related to oil palm
plantations on peatlands.
B. A guideline for best management practices (BMP) for oil palm plantations on peat in
order to minimize to minimize GHG emissions and enhance sustainability.
C. Identification of practical methodologies that can be adopted by RSPO members to
assess and monitor key GHG emissions that originate from oil palm plantations
established on peat soils.
D. An evaluation of options and constraints for the rehabilitation of degraded peatlands
Options for converting oil palm plantations on peat soils to alternative sustainable
land-uses, including the restoration of peatlands.
5. Proposed Operational Arrangements
To ensure an appropriate mix of stakeholders and expertise it is proposed that the core
membership of the PLWG will be comprised of about 16 members. Participants preferably will
have experience in management of oil palm plantations on peatlands or assessing the impacts
of peatland development and rehabilitation. Additional experts or organisations may be
invited to contribute to the specific work of the group from time to time. Nominations are to
be made to the Secretariat by members of the RSPO, who will forward them to the Co-Chairs
of the second RSPO GHG WG for an initial screening process. This list of nominations will then
be presented to the members of the RSPO Executive Board who are participating in the GHG
WG2, who will determine the final composition of the group.
The Co-Chairs of the working group will be selected by the members of the RSPO Executive
Board that are participating in the GHG WG2. The Co-Chairs will be responsible for leading the
working group, coordinating the contributions of the members and ensuring that the mandate
is fulfilled. The working group should be supported by one or more independent
consultant/facilitator(s) with appropriate experience related to peatlands and palm oil and
preferably who understands the RSPO processes. The facilitator will also be responsible for
supporting the co-chairs in preparing for the meetings and in following up between the
meetings.
22
The working group will receive a budget from the RSPO to manage itself, organize the
meetings, field visits, consultancies, report writing and editing. A budget will be developed by
the Co-Chairs and Secretariat for approval by the Executive Board.
The working group will work over the period April 2010- November 2011. It will report on
progress at the time of the RT8 in November 2010 and deliver its final report at RT9 in 2011.
It will develop its own workplan.
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23
Actions Priority How When
1. Identify the environmental and social impacts related to oil palm plantations on peatlands /adjacent areas
1.1 Conduct a review of literature/other
information sources to identify
d) the environmental impacts of oil
palm plantations on peatlands with
focus on GHG, but including other
issues (biodiversity etc)
e) social and economic impacts of oil
palm plantations on peatlands
f) impacts of oil palm plantations at a
landscape level – eg impacting
adjacent lands through drainage
H Compiling/collecting literature/other
information
- first GHG group review
- from group members.
- Inclusion of case study and results
of field visits
a) - Other sources including
IFC review paper
Studies by companies
other studies eg IPOC/ ICRAF,
MPOB
Compilation and Preliminary review
by July 2010
Final review: Sept 2010
1.2 Collate information on the current
spatial extent of existing plantations
established on peat soils, as well as the
planned extent for future oil palm
planting on peatland areas
H Compile information on overall area of
oil palm on peat as soon as possible
with a subset of area of Oil palm
plantation on peat by RSPO members
general survey from documents in
public domain, as well as information
from MPOB, IPOC, WI
July 31 2010
24
1.3 Collating information (and identify
gaps) on the spatial extent of
peatlands in main countries growing oil
palm on peatlands and stratify into
appropriate categories including: a)
depth of peat and b) the degree of
existing land degradation (eg
overdrainage, fire subsidence etc)
M a. Compilation of existing data to
produce preliminary map of peatland
spatial distribution
b. Subgroup to come with a definition of
degradation for discussion at next
working group
c. Compilation on spatial data on
degradation of peatlands ( by fire,
drainage, clearance etc to be
undertaken in selected countries at
sample provincial/state level
Target basic maps by end of 2010
Selected provinces/regions in more
detail on degradation by end 2011
1.4 Collate information on potential GHG
emissions and other environmental
impacts for a “business as usual”
scenario based on current practices
and changes due to expansion and
best management practices.
M - Scenario of expansion and possible
changes due to expansion and best
management practices
Gather background studies eg
Abatement cost curve/potential of
palm oil within this curve(MacKenzie)
Prelim work to start in 2010 with
small workshop/meeting.
Complete by 2011
1.5 Assess the long-term effect of peat
subsidence on the viability of oil palm
cultivation on peat
H - Compile information on subsidence
levels and impacts including:
- Feedback submissions from RSPO
members on subsidence rates and
impacts.
- Use experience from other crops on
peat (eg agriculture, tree
plantations)/long-term subsidence
studies.
- Also look at issue of lodging of palms
(falling over)
- Subsidence in relation to flooding and
saline water intrusion
- Implications for peat underlain with
PASS soils/sandy soils/saline soils
Compile information 2010
Analysis 2011
25
Outputs 2010:
1. review of literature/other information sources to identify environmental and social impacts of oil palm on peat
2. report on current spatial extent of existing plantations established on peat soils, as well as the planned extent for future oil palm
planting on peatland areas
3. preliminary map of peatland spatial distribution in countries growing oil palm on peatland
Outputs 2011:
1. More detailed maps of peatland distribution and status in selected provinces/regions.
2. Review on potential GHG emissions and other environmental impacts for a “business as usual” scenario based on current practices and
probable expansion under existing conditions.
3. Report on the long-term effect of peat subsidence on the viability of oil palm cultivation on peat
26
Actions Priority How When
2. Identify best practices for managing oil palm plantations on peat soils in order to minimize GHG emissions and enhance
sustainability.
2.1 Conduct review of literature and other
information on best management practices for
oil palm plantations on peat
H 1. Literature survey submission by all
PLWG members
2. Literature review by PLWG
3. Draft/summary guidelines on BMP
30 June 2010
31 July 2010
2.2 Compile/prepare case studies on best
practices in oil palm plantation
H 1. Voluntary submission by companies
with oil palm on peat
2. Review by PLWG
30 June 2010
31 July 2010
2.3 Organize field visits to a selection of oil palm
plantations on peat with different
management regimes.
M 1. Group visit to estate with different
scales/ patterns/ stages of
development (land preparation,
nursery, planting, replanting, water
management, fire prevention and
control, etc) including certified
estates in conjuntion with PLWG
meeting
2. Individual informal visits and
reporting back to PLWG
Visit 1 (Riau) – 2nd half 2010
Visit 2 (Sarawak) – 1st half
2011
2.4 Collate and compare current practices of peat
management with other production systems
on peat soils,
M 1. Literature review/Voluntary
submission by companies with
other crop on peat
2. Review by PLWG
30 June 2010
31 July 2010
2.5 Develop best practice guidelines on oil palm
plantations on peat H 1st draft
Regional Workshop on BMP 1
2nd draft
Regional Workshop on BMP 2
Final draft
Q4 2010
Q1 2011
1st half 2011
Sept 2011 Before RT9
27
Actions Priority How When
2.6 Develop strategy for promotion of best
practices on peatlands To be discussed at regional
workshops
Q4 2011
Outputs 2010:
1. Review of literature and other information on best management practices
2. Compilation of case studies on best practices in oil palm plantations on peat
3. Preliminary review of information on other crops on peat
4. First working draft of guidelines on BMP
Outputs 2011:
1. Revised guidelines for best management practice for oil palm plantations on peat
2. Strategy for promotion of best practices on peatlands
28
Actions Priority How When
3 Identify practical methodologies for assessing and monitoring carbon stocks and key GHG emissions from oil palm plantations
established on peat soils
3.2 Compile information on practical
methodologies to document and monitor
carbon stocks and GHG emissions from oil
palm plantations on peat.
1 1. Literature survey submission by all
PLWG
2. Voluntary submission and
literature review
30 June 2010
31 July 2010
3.3 Work with GHG WG 2 (WS 3) to develop
practical procedures applicable in peatlands
to estimate changes in GHG flux following
enhanced management
2 1. Provide recommendation to
develop procedure applicable to
peatland by WS 3
2. Meeting up with WS 3 involving co-
chairs of PLWG
1st half 2011
Outputs 2010:
1. Literature library
2. Brief report on practical methodologies
Outputs 2011:
1. practical procedures applicable in peatlands to estimate changes in GHG flux following enhanced management
29
Actions Priority How When
4. Evaluate options and constraints for the rehabilitation of degraded peatlands.
4.1 Collate information on the experience of
rehabilitation of degraded peatlands
H Compile experience from literature
and lessons learned from past and
current tropical peatland rehabilitation
projects
July 1st
draft; Sept 2010
finalised
4.2 Assess the changes in carbon stocks and
flows (and flux of other GHG) that would
occur from rehabilitated peatlands
H Identify a methodology to assess
realistic gains in terms of reduced net
emissions from peatland degradation
and carbon sequestration in
rehabilitated peatlands.
July 1st
draft; Sept 2010
finalised
4.3 Compile information on potential of
carbon finance and other mechanisms to
avoid peatland degradation and support
peatland rehabilitation
M Preliminary review of current finance
mechanisms and developments in this
field
Sept 2010
Final review by Sept 2011
4.4 Identify options and constraints for
rehabilitation or sustainable use of
degraded peatlands, land cleared or
earmarked for oil palm ( but not
planted) and after use of oil palm
plantations.
H Needs analysis
Survey of existing experience,
Identification of options, including
e.g. land swaps, ecosystem
rehablitation, paludiculture ( crops in
rewettted peatlands), carbon markets,
BMP
Preliminary report by Sept
2010
Final report by Sept 2011
4.5 Evaluate the cost and feasibility of
rewetting degraded/drained peatlands.
M Consultancy End of 2011
30
Outputs 2010:
1. Review report on information on the experience of rehabilitation of degraded peatlands
2. methodology to assess changes in emissions following peatland rehabilitiation.
3.Preliminary review of potential finance mechanisms to avoid peatland degradation and support peatland rehabilitation
Outputs 2011:
1. Report on options and constraints for rehabilitation or sustainable use of degraded peatlands, land cleared or earmarked for oil palm
(but not planted) and after use of oil palm plantations
2. Report on feasibility of rewetting degraded/drained peatlands
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31
Workstream #2 – Peatland Working Group
A summary of presentation ‘Overview of Tropical Peat under
Oil Palm Cultivation’ by Dr. Peter Lim Kim Huan
22-23 April 2010
Main points
Tropical lowland peat may be defined as:
A soil that contains at least 65 % organic matter (<35 % mineral), at least 0.5 m in
depth, pH of between 3-4 and with ash content generally less than 2 %.
When the peat depth is 0.5 -1.5m, it is classified as shallow peat; and when > 1.5 m
deep, it is classified as deep peat.
Peat is developed from dead plant and tree organic materials under water-logged
condition where the rate of organic matter (OM) buildup is faster than the breakdown.
Tropical peat in Se Asia has a characteristic dome-shape topography, with the dome
area elevated 4-9 m above the surrounding water surface and not subjected to
flooding.
Tropical peatlands in Riau (Indonesia) and Sarawak are rapidly being degraded by
unsustainable logging activities by the local people for their need of wood for
building their homes, boats, etc. Unsustainable mixed farming using the slash and
burn practice is still being practiced. Development of oil palm plantations may be one
appropriate development option for degraded peatlands. Even if degraded peatlands
are rehabilitated, there is no guarantee that they will remain so permanently.
Proper site selection before opening up a logged peat forest for oil palm plantation
was stressed.
A drainability study should be carried out first to determine if the proposed site can
be gravity-drained.
A comprehensive Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA study) and soil
survey should then carried out.
The SEIA report to include:
- Peat depth, soil profile and general topography.
- Physical and chemical properties.
- Water quality data (esp. salinity and pH).
- Socio-economic aspects,
- Identification of native areas.
- Biodiversity, etc.
The suitability of a peat area for oil palm cultivation will depend on:
32
- Degree of woodiness (peat maturity).
- Stage of humification.
- Nutrient content.
- Bulk density.
It is important to avoid using very woody immature peat for oil palm cultivation as it
has low yield potential.
Tropical peat has problem of nutrient imbalance ie. very high Mg and Ca antagonistic
to uptake of K, an element important for high oil palm yield. There is also a problem
of trace element fixation esp. Cu and Zn. However research was able to overcome
these nutritional problems on peat.
The physical limitations of peat are :
- Low bulk density of 0.10-0.15 g/cm3.
- High porosity 85-90% - high nutrient leaching during rainy season.
- Soft ground condition resulting in problems of mechanization on peat.
- Subsidence of peat which limits the economic life span if not managed
properly.
Peat subsidence is due to consolidation (settling), shrinkage and oxidation of the
organic material upon drainage. The lower the water table, the faster the subsidence
rate.
Peat subsidence is not noticeable unless measured using properly installed
subsidence pegs.
The initial peat subsidence rate in the first 1-2 years after drainage is quite fast but
has a beneficial effect for oil palm establishment as the porosity is reduced and the
bulk density increased from about 0.10 to 0.15 gm/cm3 by this process. Pre-
planting mechanical surface compaction is often used to speed up this initial
subsidence.
Subsequently the subsidence rate is reduced/ stabilized to about 1-2 cm per year
when water level is maintained at 50-75 cm from the peat surface.
There had been estimation of CO2
emission from oil palm plantations on peatland
based on its subsidence rate. It is important not to base it on the initial fast
subsidence rate, as this will result in over-estimation of CO2
emission from the
cultivated peat.
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Proper land preparation and deep planting are important to minimize the palm
leaning and falling over of palms on peat.
Minimizing peat subsidence through effective water level control and ground cover
management is important to prolong the economic life span of the peat for oil palm
33
cultivation. Poor management of peat subsidence will lead to flooding and in some
cases saline water intrusion.
An effective water management system with proper water control structures to
maintain a water level of 50-75 cm from the peat surface for as long as possible is the
key to high sustainable oil palm yield on peat.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of major pests esp. Termites, Tirathaba bunch
moth, rats, rhinoceros beetles and leaf-eating caterpillars is emphasized. Early
detection and speedy control with minimum pesticide usage is preferred. Where
possible, biological control methods should be practiced.
Provision of basic amenities esp. housing, school, clinic, etc are important for a
productive and stable workforce.
Mechanization esp. for infield collection of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), should be
introduced to improve labour productivity.
Training on implementation of BMPs, fire control, safety and environmental
monitoring, etc should be carried out for all levels of estate management for
sustainable planting of oil palm on tropical peat and to minimize making costly
mistakes.
Green zones eg. along river reserve should be set up to conserve biodiversity in oil
palm plantations on peatlands.
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34
Workstream #2 – Peatland Working Group
List of group members
22-23 April 2010
Participation from:
Co-Chairs
Name Organisation Type
Ibu Rosediana Suharto Indonesian Palm Oil Commission Technical expert (Policy expert)
Faizal Parish Global Environment Centre Technical expert (Peatland
management expert)
From the EB
Chong Wei Kwang HSBC Banker, Malaysia
Tim Killeen Conservation International ENGO, USA
Cherie Tan WWF ENGO, Singapore
Non-EB members
Marcel Silvius Wetlands International ENGO (Ecologist), Netherlands
Thomas Barano WWF ENGO (Spatial planning), Indonesia
Peter Lim Kim Huan PT.TH Indo Plantations Producer (Research controller),
Malaysia
Mukesh Sharma Asian Agri Group Producer (Head of R&D), Indonesia
Fahmuddin Agus GAPKI and IAARD Technical expert (Soil scientist),
Indonesia
Franki Anthony
Sime Darby Plantations
Producer (Head of upstream
operations), Malaysia
Ruslan Abdullah Sime Darby Plantations Producer (Head of research),
Indonesia
Jimmy Tan / Adrian Suharto Neste Oil Singapore Pte Ltd Processor, Singapore
Gurmit Singh United Plantations Producer (Agronomist), Malaysia
Jean-Pierre Caliman PT SMART Producer (Technical expert),
Indonesia
David Lee Global Environment Centre NGO (Peatland management)
Secretariat
Jutta Poetz RSPO Secretariat
Rahayu Siti Harjanthi RSPO Secretariat
Sarala Aikanathan RSPO Secretariat
35
With apologies from:
Name Organisation Type
Alue Dohong
University of Palangka Raya
(UNPAR)
Technical expert (Peatland
restoration), Indonesia
Paramananthan A/L Selliah
Param Agricultural Soil Surveys
(M) Sdn. Bhd
Technical Expert (soil scientist),
Malaysia
Aljosja Hooijer Deltares, Delft Hydraulics
Technical Expert (Hydrologist),
Netherlands
Sue Page University of Leicester Technical expert (Ecologist), UK
Ivy Wong WWF
ENGO (Forest conservation
manager), Malaysia
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36
Workstream #3 – Scientific Panel
Draft Terms of Reference
May 2010
These Terms of Reference outline the scope of work, activities, expected outputs,
composition, and timeframe of the RSPO GHG WG2‟s Workstream #3.
1. Background
The RSPO GHG WG2 has commissioned a study to summarize the current state of
knowledge regarding land-use and land-use change associated with the
establishment of oil palm plantations and the net GHG emissions associated with
those plantations.
2. Scope of work
A Scientific Panel will be conformed to compile data and synthesize information to
establish an objective knowledge framework for estimating the dimensions of
GHG emissions associated with land-use and land-use change from the
establishment of oil palm plantations. The major tasks of the panel are descibed
below:
Task 1. Conduct a comprehensive literature review of all the pertinent scientific
literature on land-cover and land-cover change with an emphasis on South East
Asia, but complimented with information from other parts of the world where the
palm oil industry is actively expanding.
Task 2. Conduct a comprehensive literature review of the pertinent scientific
literature on the above and below ground carbon stocks on natural land-cover
and anthropogenic land-use types. This information should be organized to
reflect the variability due to geography, disturbance and management regimes, as
well as include estimates of mean values of carbon stocks and the variance
associated with those parameters.
Task 3. Conduct a comprehensive literature review of the pertinent scientific
literature on the dimensions of above and below ground carbon fluxes from land-
use change associated due to the establishment of oil palm plantations. This
should include, specifically, estimates of the GHG emissions due to forest
degradation from logging, in order as to more acutely estimate the emissions
directly attributable to plantation establishment
Task 4. Conduct a comprehensive literature review of the pertinent scientific
literature on the dimensions of above and below ground carbon fluxes caused by
ongoing, continuous and cumulative emissions caused by the oxidation of peat
on landscapes that have been drained or otherwise modified for the creation of
palm oil plantations.
Task 5. Compile biomass tables for oil palm plantations stratified by age stand
and variety that takes into account both above and below ground carbon pools
and includes short- to medium-term carbon pools associated from understory
plants and detritus.
37
Task 6. Compile a spatially explicit data base (GIS) for SE Asia that incorporates
data layers, which are stratified by land-cover, ecological unit or soil type, as well
as for management regime or economic actor.
Task 7. This information should be combined in a synthetic analysis that
documents the historical sources of GHG emissions over the last 20 years (1990 –
2000 – 2005).
Task 8. Conduct a synthetic analysis that uses this information to evaluate
forward looking scenarios. These scenarios should incorporate estimates of
variability that reflects the uncertainty of the data that is used in the construction
of these models.
Task 9. Identify the gaps of data and research
Task 10. Develop a tool (spreadsheet) for C accounting for oil palm plantation.
This includes accounting of C stock in the riparian and HCV zones within the
concession area.
3. Composition & Responsibilities of Workstream #3 group
The tasks mentioned above will be undertaken by a group of scientists with an
advanced degree (PhD) and demonstrated expertise in ecosystem ecology, forest
science, soils science, or geography. The group will consist of at least five people,
who have been nominated by members of the RSPO GHG-WG2. Within the group
there will be the following roles:
Lead author – The lead author will be leading this group, and whose
responsibility is to develop the outputs with a clear vision, i.e. framework
and guidance, for moving forward on operational emissions.
Technical group – These members are responsible for contributing to the
outputs from the lead author.
4. Activities
Each task will require a number of activities:
Task 1. Conduct an exhaustive literature review of all the pertinent scientific
literature on landuse and land-cover change with an emphasis on South East Asia, but
complimented with information from other parts of the world where the palm oil
industry is actively expanding.
# Activity
1 Describe existing global and regional land cover datasets, their
technical attributes (FAO/FRA, MODIS, etc.), temporal and thematic
stratification
2 Compile summary data for each dataset for selected countries
(Indonesia, Malaysia, PNG, Brazil,Liberia, Ghana)
38
Copernicus (2008): LUC Mly, Ind
ADB report for SEA, etc
3 Provide comment on the quality of the information, the
technological differences and the robustness of estimates
4 Provide recommendations as to the potential options for future
monitoring.
Task 2. Conduct a comprehensive literature review of the pertinent scientific
literature on the above and below ground carbon stocks on natural land-cover and
anthropogenic land-use types. This information should be organized to reflect the
variability due to geography, disturbance and management regimes, as well as
include estimates of mean values of carbon stocks and the variance associated with
those parameters.
# Activity
1 Summarize levels and variability of carbon stocks in forest, scrub,
and grassland types in different regions of the tropics (above and
below ground)
2 Summarize levels and variability of carbon stocks in cropland,
secondary vegetation & plantations in different regions of the
tropics pasture (above and below ground)
3 Describe the variability of carbon stocks that occur in natural
vegetation types due to ecological and geographic factors
4 Describe the variability of carbon stocks on landscapes subject to
different disturbance or management regimes, particularly logging
and subsistence agriculture
5 Identify information gaps and the need for future research
39
Task 3. Conduct a comprehensive literature review of the pertinent scientific
literature on the dimensions of above and below ground carbon fluxes from land-use
change due to the establishment of oil palm plantations. This should include,
specifically, estimates of the net GHG emissions due to forest degradation from
logging, in order as to more acutely estimate the emissions directly attributable to
plantation establishment.
# Activity
1 Estimate GHG emissions due to forest degradation from logging
prior to plantation establishment, so as to distinguish the source of
GHG emissions directly attributable to each activity.
2 Estimate GHG emissions due to forest degradation from wildfire on
GHG emissions, including emissions from peat forest fire
3 Estimate GHG emissions from potential carbon sequestration on
grasslands, pastures, scrubland, and secondary vegetation types.
Task 4. Conduct a comprehensive literature review of the pertinent scientific
literature on the dimensions of above and below ground carbon fluxes caused by
ongoing, continuous and cumulative emissions caused by the oxidation of peat on
landscapes that have been drained or otherwise modified for the creation of palm oil
plantations.
# Activity
1 Briefly describe the 3 dimensional structure and ecological function
of a typical peat dome, as well as the impact of logging, draining
and other human interventions on those functional attributes
2 Briefly describe, using examples, a typical plantation on peat, its
operations
3 Describe the difference and relative importance of compaction,
subsidence, oxidation
4 Describe the role of methane as a factor in GHG emissions from
peat, both before and after drainage/conversion
5 Summarize the range of values reported on the GHG emissions
6 Describe the range of area
40
Task 5. Compile biomass tables for oil palm plantations stratified by age stand and
variety that takes into account both above and below ground carbon pools and
includes short- to medium-term carbon pools associated from understory plants and
detritus.
# Activity
1 Compile above and below ground ground biomass tables for oil
palm plantations stratified by age stand and variety
2 Evaluate the status of below-ground carbon pools in plantations
established on mineral soils based on original vegetation type (e.g.,
primary forest, degraded forest, secondary forest, grassland,
replanting)
3 Evaluate the status of below-ground carbon pools in plantations
established on peatland based on original vegetation type (e.g.,
primary forest, degraded forest, secondary forest, grassland,
replanting)
4 Include in biomass tables short- to medium-term carbon pools
associated with herbaceous and detritus
Task 6. Compile a spatially explicit data base (GIS) for SE Asia that incorporates data
layers, which are stratified by land-cover, ecological unit or soil type, as well as for
management regime or economic actor.
# Activity
1 Locate and acquire best available data layers on ecological
vegetation type that can be interpreted based on its carbon stocks
Papua, Riau (1990, 2000,2005),
West and East Kalimantan (Landsat) w/clear separation of Oil
Palm); 13 classification for 1990, 23 for 2000-2005
MOF Data 2000-2006
2 Locate and acquire best available data layers on the spatial
distribution of peatland
3 Locate and acquire best available data layers on the spatial
distribution production forest, conversion forest, logging
concessions, etc
4 Locate and acquire best available data layers on the spatial
distribution smallholders & corporate plantations
5 Use Google Earth and other sources to document logging activities
at the best available scale. Hotspot data from NOAA, published by
Min of Env. Indonesia
41
Task 7. This information should be combined in a synthetic analysis that documents
the historical sources of GHG emissions over the last 20 years (1990 – 2000 – 2005).
# Activity
1 Estimate the dimensions of GHG emissions from the palm oil sector
that originated from the conversion of primary forest, peat forest,
degraded forest, scrub, and grassland
2 Estimate the relative production of palm oil from that was originally
covered by primary forest, peat forest, degraded forest, scrub, and
grassland.
3 Estimate the dimensions of GHG emissions of social group or
economic actor (e.g., corporate versus smallholders)
4 Systematic review of data availability and its quality, what‟s
available, what is not, what needs to be done
5 Estimate the relative production of palm oil from each of these
social group or economic actor (e.g., corporate, government
plantation, schemed and non-schemed smallholders)
Task 8. Conduct a synthetic analysis that uses this information to evaluate forward
looking scenarios. These scenarios should incorporate estimates of variability that
reflects the uncertainty of the data that is used in the construction of these models.
# Activity
1 Scenario 1. Business as Usual
2 Scenario 2. Compliance to legal and regulatory framework
3 Scenario 3. Expansion only on low carbon landscapes
4 Scenario 4. Intensification of smallholder production
Task 9. Identify the gaps of data and research
# Activity
1 Identifying gaps in land cover land use data
2 Identifying gaps in research on above ground biomass/C stock
3 Identifying gaps in research in below ground biomass/C stock
4 Identifying gaps in research in soil C stock
5 Identifying gaps in research in peat emission
42
Task 10. Develop a tool ( spreadsheet) for C accounting for oil palm plantation. This
includes accounting of C stock in the riparian and HCV zones within the concession
area.
# Activity
1 List tropical tree species names, English names, tree bulk density,
and allometric equation for biomass
2 Select the most acceptable allometric equation for oil palm
biomass / C. Indicate whether the equation include the frond and
bunches, otherwise develop equation or age vs biomass of each.
3 Provide the relationship of time (and soil properties) with the rate
of palm frond and EFB decomposition rate
4 Provide the relationship of soil and organic matter management on
soil organic matter
5 Develop a spreadsheet to relate the rate of change in the above an
d below ground C and environment and management factors
5. Outputs & Timelines
The work of the Workstream #3 sub-group will take place within the GHG-WG2
mandate of one year, which may be extended or terminated as the Executive
Board deems necessary. Initially one meeting of the group is planned though
other meetings may be suggested by the sub-group members in consultation with
the GHG WG2 Co-Chairs and Facilitators.
Output (Book chapter format)
1. Compilation of land cover change in the tropics, with emphasis in SE
Asia, and other palm oil producing regions; the rate, drivers
(includes evaluation of data gaps and research needs from Task#9)
2. Compilation of carbon stock above and below ground under different
land cover types, the variation and factors affecting
(includes evaluation of data gaps and research needs from Task#9)
3. Analysis of GHG fluxes under different land cover and management
systems for mineral soils
(includes evaluation of data gaps and research needs from Task#9)
4. Analysis of GHG fluxes under different land use and management
systems for peatland
(includes evaluation of data gaps and research needs from Task#9)
5. Synthesis of C stock of oil palm under different age, variety, soil and
management systems (Task 5)
6. Synthesis of historical green house gas emission and scenarios for
emission reduction (synthesis of tasks #6,#7 and #8)
7. Spreadsheet and practical instruction of C accounting in oil palm
plantation on peatland and mineral soils (based on output 5)
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43
Workstream #3 – Science Panel
Progress presentation – presented to GHG WG2 by Fahmuddin
Agus (GAPKI & IAARD)
27 May 2010
44
45
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46
Workstream #3 – Scientific Panel
List of group members
May 2010
Participation from:
Name Organisation Type
Fahmuddin Agus GAPKI & IAARD Lead Author (Carbon budget, land
use/ land cover change)
Abdul Rashid Ab. Mali Forest Research Institute,
Malaysia
Technical expert (policies on forest
management, climate change,
forest plantation & renewable
energy)
K.T. Joseph University Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Technical expert (land use
planning, remote sensing & GIS
technologies, soil chemistry)
Bambang Sahardjo Sawit Watch Technical expert (forest fire,
environmental policy)
Petrus Gunarso Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia Technical expert (Forest
management & conservation,
community forestry, ecosystem
services)
Nancy Harris Winrock International Technical expert (Land cover
change, emission factor, C
accounting, REDD readiness)
New addition:
Name Organisation Type
Meine van Noordwijk ICRAF Technical expert (Agroforestry and
natural resource management)
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47
RSPO GHG WG2 - Communication Program
Presentation to GHG WG2 by Sarala Aikanathan (Secretariat)
28 May 2010
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48
Updated Membership List
Version 5. June 2010
Co-Chairs
Name Organisation Type
Jeremy Goon MPOA Producer, Malaysia
Tim Killeen Conservation International ENGO, USA
Facilitators
Ruth Nussbaum ProForest Technical expert
Pavithra Ramani ProForest Technical expert
From the EB
MR Chandran RSPO Expert, Malaysia
Adam Harrison WWF ENGO, EU
Chong Wei Kwang HSBC Banker, Malaysia
Jose Den Toom Rabobank Banker, Singapore
Marcello Brito
Alternate: Simon Lord
Agropalma
New Britain Palm Oil Ltd
Producer, Brazil
Producer, PNG
Purboyo Guritno GAPKI Producer, Indonesia
Chew Jit Seng MPOA Producer, Malaysia
Norman Jiwan
Alternate: Dr. Bambang Hero
Saharjo
Sawit Watch SNGO, Indonesia
Johan Verburg Oxfam SNGO, EU
Jan-Kees Vis
Alternate: Llorenc Mila-i-Canals
(sustainability expert)
Unilever Manufacturer, EU
Christophe Liebon Intertek Retailer rep, EU
Non EB members
Daud Dharsono
Alternate: Jean-Pierre
Caliman
PT SMART / GAPKI - Indonesia Producer (Technical expert),
Indonesia
Joshua Mathews
Alternate: Mr. Tan Teck Hock
IOI – Global Processor/Producer, Malaysia
Dr. Gan Lian Tiong Musim Mas - Indonesia Producer (Agronomist), Indonesia
Fahmuddin Agus GAPKI and IAARD - Indonesia Technical expert
Ong Kim Pin Kulim Berhad Malaysia, PNG Producer, Malaysia
Simon Siburat Wilmar - Malaysia Producer (Sustainability expert),
Malaysia
49
Kai-Uwe Ostheim ADM International Sarl Processor (General Manager), EU
Name Organisation Type
Dr S.S. Chen Standards and Industrial
Research Institute of Malaysia
(SIRIM)
Technical expert, Malaysia
Dr. Shah Yacob Advanced Agricultural
Research (AAR)
Malaysia
Technical Expert (Agronomist),
Malaysia
W.D. Erwinsyah, IOPRI - Indonesia Technical Expert, Indonesia
Ian Orrell Oil Palm Research Association
(OPRA) of PNG
Technical Expert, PNG
Dr Chan Kook Weng MPOB Chair of ISO TC on ISO14064
Adrian Suharto Neste Oil Singapore Pte Ltd Processor (Sustainability Manager),
Singapore
Ken MacDicken
Alternate: Haris Iskandar
IFC Technical Expert (Forestry and
Carbon specialist)
Rizaldi Boer Centre for Climate Risk Bogor
Agricultural University
Technical Expert (Economist and
REDD specialist)
Puvan Selvanthan
Alternate: Syed Mahdhari
Sime Darby Producer (Chief Sustainability
Officer)
Faizal Parish
Alternate: David Lee Global Environment Centre ENGO, Malaysia
Amir Abdul-Manan Shell Global Solutions
Processor (GHG Intensity Analysis
Expert), Malaysia
Sanin Triyanond Pathum Oil Processor, Thailand
Rosediana Suharto IPOC Technical expert, Indonesia
Cecile Bessou CIRAD Technical expert, Indonesia
Observers
Adrian Wells British Embassy Indonesia
John Pearson British Embassy Singapore
Muru Loganathan British Embassy Indonesia
Yew Foong Kheong MPOC Malaysia
Mamat Salleh MPOA Producer
Mukesh Sharma Asian Agri Group Producer (Head of R&D), Indonesia
Lulie Melling Sarawak State Government Technical Expert (Peatland
ecologist), Sarawak
Wong Mum Keng IOI Global Producer, Malaysia
Ira Larasaty PT SMART Producer, Indonesia
Peter Heng Golden Agri Producer, Indonesia
50
Sin Chuan Eng KLK Producer, Malaysia
Name Organisation Type
Thomas Fricke FFI - Indonesia Technical Expert, Indonesia
Shabbir Gheewala Mongkut‟s University of
Technology Thoburi Technical expert, Thailand
Abdul Rashid Ab. Mali Forest Research Institute,
Malaysia
Technical expert (policies on forest
management, climate change,
forest plantation & renewable
energy)
K.T. Joseph University Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Technical expert (land use
planning, remote sensing & GIS
technologies, soil chemistry)
Petrus Gunarso Ministry of Forestry,
Indonesia
Technical expert (Forest
management & conservation,
community forestry, ecosystem
services)
Secretariat
Sarala Aikanathan RSPO Secretariat
Vengeta Rao RSPO Secretariat
Jutta Poetz RSPO Secretariat
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