GHG inventory requirements for the BUR - un-gsp.org · GHG inventory requirements for the BUR ... Mandate: decision 1/CP.16 ... Number of submitted BURs •36 BUR1s submitted as of

GHG inventory requirements for the BUR

June 7, 2017

Takeshi Enoki, CGE Member

1/●

Contents

I. Background

II. Reporting requirements

2/●

BACKGROUND

3/●

The Biennial Update Report (BUR)

Overview

Mandate: decision 1/CP.16

Reporting guidelines: decision 2/CP.17

Frequency of reporting: every 2 years

Deadline for first BUR: December 2014

Key elements:

National circumstances & institutional arrangements

An update on their national GHG inventories

Information on mitigation actions

Domestic MRV

An outline of needs and support received

Other relevant information

Number of submitted BURs

• 36 BUR1s submitted as of June, 2017

(32 countries as of May 7, 2016!)

• 5 BUR2s submitted as of June 2017

BRs for developed countries

• Annex I Parties follow a different reporting guidelines for BRs.

• Reporting elements are the same but the requirements differ.

• Annex I Parties BRs undergo a technical review and multilateral assessment

• Most Annex I Parties have submitted their 2nd BR in January 2014.

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GHG inventoryMitigation actions

and effects

Education, Training and Public Awareness

Research and Systematic

Observation

Vulnerability Assessment

National circumstances and

institutional arrangement

Constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and

capacity needs

Biennial Update Report

National Communication

Domestic MRVAdaptation Measures

Reporting under the MRV Framework

National Communications should

be reported every four years.

Biennial Update Report (BUR)

should be reported every two

years.

International Consultation and

Analysis will be carried out for

BURs to increase transparency of

mitigation actions.

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REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

6/●

Reporting requirements of the GHG inventory

There are two sets of reporting guidelines:

For National Communications, “Guidelines for the preparation of national

communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention”,

contained in Annex to decision 17/CP.8 (2002); and

For the Biennial Update Report, “UNFCCC biennial update reporting guidelines for

Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention” contained in annex III to

decision 2/CP.17 (2011)

Compilers should bear in mind that the reporting requirements for NC and

BUR are different!

Managers should also be aware of the ICA requirements to prepare for the

technical analysis and facilitative sharing of views workshop.

7/●

NC vs. BUR reporting requirementsDecision National Communications

(decision 17/CP. 8, annex)

Biennial Update Reports

(decision 2/CP.17, annex III)

Methodology

Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines

(“should”)

IPCC Good Practice Guidance and

Uncertainty management

(“encouraged”)

Methodologies established by the latest UNFCCC guidelines for

the preparation of national communications (para. 4, annex)

Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines, IPCC GPG-2000 and IPCC GPG-

2003 (para. 5, annex) (“should”)

Years

INC: 1994, or alternatively 1990

(“shall”)

SNC: 2000 (“shall”)

LDCs (“at their discretion”)

The first BUR shall cover, at a minimum, the inventory for the

calendar year no more than 4 years prior to the date of the

submission, or more recent if available, and subsequent BURs

(para. 41 g, decision)

Reporting

Chapter of national communication

- Tables 1 and 2 (“encouraged”)

- Sectoral tables and worksheets

(“encouraged”)

- Information on methodologies

(“encouraged”)

National inventory report

- Tables 1 and 2 (“should”)

- Annex 3A.2 of IPCC GPG-2003 and the sectoral tables annexed

to the Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines (para. 6, annex)

(“encouraged”)

- Summary information tables of inventories for previous

submission years (e.g. for 1994 and 2000) (para. 8, annex)

(“encouraged”)

- Additional or supporting information may be submitted in a

technical annex (para. 10, annex) (“encouraged”)

- Time series - provide a consistent time series back to the years

reported in the previous national communications (para. 7,

annex) (“encouraged”)

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General Reporting requirements

Decision Reporting requirement

(shall/should/encourage/may,etc.)

Y/N

Decision 2/CP.17, annex III,

paragraph 9Is there an inventory report? (should)

Yes, No, or Partially

Decision 17/CP.8, annex,

paragraph 13Procedures and arrangements for inventory

preparation included?

(encourage)


paragraph 21Information on methods, activity data,

emission factors included? (encourage)


paragraph 24Information on uncertainties included?

(encourage)


paragraph 6Are the sectoral tables included?

(encourage)


paragraph 22Are tables 1 and 2 included? (encourage)


paragraph 23Are the sectoral tables and worksheets

included? (encourage)


paragraph 10Is there a technical annex? (may)

The sectoral tables referred to in 2/CP.17

are the non AFOLU sectoral tables for

sectors in the 1996 IPCC Guidelines

Volume 2 and the LULUCF sectoral

tables in annex 3A.2 of the IPCC GPG for

LULUCF.

The sectoral tables referred to in decision

17/CP.8 are the tables in the 1996 IPCC

Guidelines Volume 2 for all sectors. The

worksheets are also in Volume 2.

9/●

Tables 1 and 2 of Decision 17/CP.8

CO2

emissions

(Gg)

CO2

removals

(Gg)

CH4

(Gg)

N2O

(Gg)

NOx

(Gg)

CO

(Gg)

NMVOCs

(Gg)

SOx

(Gg)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1. Energy Industries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2. Manufacturing industries and

construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3. Transport 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4. Other sectors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. Other (please specify) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

1. Solid fuels 0 0 0 0 0

2. Oil and natural gas 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Aviation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

International bunkers

CO2 emissions from biomass

Greenhouse gas source and sink

categories

2. Industrial processes

3. Solvent and other product use

4. Agriculture

5. Land-use change and forestry 1

6. Waste

7. Other (please specify)

D. CO2 emissions and removals from soil

E. Other (please specify)

Memo items

A. Solid waste disposal on land

B. Waste-water handling

C. Waste incineration

D. Other (please specify)

E. Prescribed burning of savannahs

F. Field burning of agricultural residues

G. Other (please specify)

A. Changes in forest and other woody

biomass stocks

B. Forest and grassland conversion

C. Abandonment of managed lands

F. Consumption of halocarbons and

sulphur hexafluoride


A. Enteric fermentation

B. Manure management

C. Rice cultivation

D. Agricultural soils

B. Fugitive emissions from fuels

A. Mineral products

B. Chemical industry

C. Metal production

D. Other production

E. Production of halocarbons and


National greenhouse gas inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not

controlled by the Montreal Protocol and greenhouse gas precursors

Total national emissions and removals

1. Energy

A. Fuel combustion (sectoral approach)

HFCsa,b

(Gg)

PFCsa,b

(Gg)

SF6a

(Gg)

HFC-23 HFC-134 CF4 C2F6

0 0 0 0 0

1. Energy Industries

2. Manufacturing industries and

construction

3. Transport

4. Other sectors


1. Solid fuels

2. Oil and natural gas

0 0 0 0 0

Aviation

Marine

CO2 emissions from biomass

6. Waste


Memo items

International bunkers

A. Solid waste disposal on land

B. Waste-water handling

C. Waste incineration


A. Changes in forest and other

woody

5. Land-use change and forestry

D. Other (please specify)

B. Forest and grassland conversion

C. Abandonment of managed lands

D. CO2 emissions and removals from

E. Other (please specify)

A. Enteric fermentation

B. Manure management

C. Rice cultivation

D. Agricultural soils

E. Prescribed burning of savannahs

F. Field burning of agricultural

3. Solvent and other product use

4. Agriculture

C. Metal production

D. Other production

E. Production of halocarbons and


F. Consumption of halocarbons and


A. Fuel combustion (sectoral

B. Fugitive emissions from fuels

A. Mineral products

B. Chemical industry


2. Industrial processes

National greenhouse gas inventory of anthropogenic emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6

Greenhouse gas source and sink

categories

Total national emissions and removals

1. Energy

Insert

HFC

Insert

PFC

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Requirements regarding inventory years



Yes/No

Decision 2/CP.17, paragraph 41(g)

Does the report cover the inventory for the calendar year no more than four years prior to the date of the submission?(shall)

Yes, No, or PartiallyDecision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 7

Has the non-Annex I Party reported a consistent time series?(encourage)

Decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 8

Are the summary tables for previous submission years included?(encourage)

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Requirements regarding gases and metrics



Yes/No

Decision 17/CP.8, annex, paragraph 14

Are emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O provided on a gas-by-gas basis and in units of mass?(shall, as appropriate and to the extent possible)



Are the GWP provided by the IPCC in its Second Assessment Report based on the effects of GHGs over a 100-year time horizon used?(should)


Are information on emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 provided?(encouraged, as appropriate)


Are emission of CO, NOx and NMVOCs provided? (encouraged, as appropriate)


Are emission of SOx provided? (may)

12/●

Requirements regarding methodologies



Yes/No


Are the UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of national communications from non-Annex I Parties used? (should)



Are the methods in the latest UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of national communications used? (should)


Are activity levels reported? (should)


Are the appropriate tier methods used? (may)


Are country specific emission factors used? (encourage)


Are the IPCC good practice guidance used? (encourage)


Is the key source analysis conducted? (encouraged, to the extent possible)

13/●

Sector specific requirements



Yes/No


Are emissions from international aviation and marine bunker fuels reported separately? Are they excluded from the national totals?(should, to the extent possible)



Are CO2 from fuel combustion estimated by both the sectoral and the reference approaches? Are any large differences between the two approaches explained?(encouraged, to the extent possible)

IPCC Principles and methods

June 7, 2017

Takeshi Enoki, CGE Member

15/●

Contents

I. IPCC Guidelines

II. Key principles of GHG inventories

III. Institutional arrangements

16/●

Guidelines

IPCC Guidelines must be

used for inventory

preparation.

IPCC Guidelines have

been updated to

incorporate new science.

2006 IPCC Guidelines is

the most recent

guidelines.

The guidelines provide

guidance on choice of

method, data needs,

QA/QC, etc. Source: “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” presentation by IPCC TSU

17/●

Decision trees

The decision trees formalize the choice of the estimation method most suited to national

circumstances. It also provides information on choice of emission factors and activity

data, and on the associated uncertainty ranges.

Typically, higher tier (Tier 2 and 3) methods are suggested for key categories.

Example: Decision tree for CH4

emissions from solid waste disposal sites

18/●

Principles of GHG inventory preparation & reporting

The principles of transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy

(TCCCA) are guiding principles in preparing and reporting GHG inventories.

principle definition

Transparency

The assumptions and methodologies used for an inventory should be clearly explained to facilitate

replication and assessment of the inventory by users of the reported information. The transparency of

inventories is fundamental to the success of the process for the communication and consideration of

information;

Consistency

An inventory should be internally consistent in all its elements with inventories of other years. An

inventory is consistent if the same methodologies are used for the base and all subsequent years and

if consistent data sets are used to estimate emissions or removals from sources or sinks;

Comparability

Estimates of emissions and removals reported by Parties in inventories should be comparable among

Parties. For this purpose, Parties should use the methodologies and formats agreed by the COP for

estimating and reporting inventories;

CompletenessAn inventory covers all sources and sinks, as well as all gases, included in the IPCC Guidelines.

Completeness also means full geographic coverage of sources and sinks of a Party; and

Accuracy

A relative measure of the exactness of an emission or removal estimate. Estimates should be

accurate in the sense that they are systematically neither over nor under true emissions or removals,

as far as can be judged, and that uncertainties are reduced as far as practicable. Appropriate

methodologies should be used, in accordance with the IPCC good practice guidance, to promote

accuracy in inventories.

Institutional Arrangements

20/●

GHG inventory preparation cycle

National arrangements

Legal arrangements

Institutional arrangements

Procedural arrangements

Planning1. Define roles and responsibilities2. Define inventory products and milestones3. Establish rules of procedure for inventory

preparation4. Draft inventory preparation schedule / work plan 5. Establish necessary national arrangements6. Prepare budget7. Determine priorities

Data collection, emission/removal estimation

1. Determine data availability and quality2. Determine methods and compile data3. Conduct emission calculations and complete text

sections4. Undertake quality assurance/quality control

procedures5. Undertake key category analysis and uncertainty

assessment6. Complete reporting7. Complete inventory improvement strategy

Finalization of GHG inventory1. Validation of results by national stakeholders2. Revision of the GHG inventory as necessary3. Officially approve the inventory products

Documentation/Archiving1. Ensure regular and systematic

documentation and archiving.

Assessment1. Assess the overall process and identify areas

of improvement for the future (short term and long term).

21/●

General roles and necessary capacities of institutions

Position General roles Necessary capacities

NationalEntity

•Responsible for inventory management and planning•Overall supervision of GHG inventory development•Management of contracts and delivery of GHG inventory•Coordination with all stakeholders•Identification of necessary resources to improve the inventory, specifically the data

•Technical and administrative expertise, as well as formal government authority•Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies•Technical skills to address the ICA process (TA and FSV)•Capacity to coordinate and lead the process

GHG Inventory Team

•Coordination with national entity to prepare the GHG inventory•Scheduling of tasks and responsibilities•Review of source data and identification of developments required to improve GHG inventory data quality•Documentation and archiving•Management of QA/QC plans•Data acquisition, processing and reporting•Delivery of GHG inventory products

•Technical skills to carry out estimation and draft inventory report.•Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies•Technical skills to address the ICA process (TA and FSV)

DataProviders

•Timely delivery of data in appropriate format •Management of data acquisition, processing and reporting systems, quality assurance/ quality control requirements •Communication with national entity

•Technical skills, legal authority to improve and enhance data collection

Independent Entity

•conduct quality assurance activities •Technical skills to review the GHG inventory

Note: some individuals/ institutions may be responsible for more than one position

22/●

Typical institutional setup for GHG inventories

National Entity

Department of Climate Change in the Ministry of Environment

GHG inventory teamResearch institutes, government agencies, consultants

Data provider

Ministries, Government agencies

Data provider

Research organizations

Data provider

Regions

Data provider

Others

Independent Entity

Research institutions, auditingagencies, consultants

Responsible for the preparation of the inventory

Responsible for data collection, improvement, and compilation of the inventory

responsible for providing input data (AD, EF, parameters)




Responsible for reviewing the draft/final inventory

Core members of

GHG inventory

preparation

23/●

General roles and necessary capacities of inventory team members

Position General role Necessary capacities

Coordinator•provide overall planning, coordination, management and technical oversight of the inventory

•Technical and administrative expertise, as well as formal government authority•Technical skills to address the ICA process (TA and FSV)

Inventory compiler

•Overall data and document management. •Combine sector experts’ work into a cohesive inventory product•Identify an propose ways to resolve cross cutting issues

•Technical knowledge of the UNFCCC reporting requirements and IPCC methodologies•Technical skills to address the ICA process (TA and FSV)•Technical skills to carry out estimation and draft report.

Sector experts

•Undertake research, data collection, calculations, drafting, quality control, archiving, and documentation. •Coordinate with other sector experts to identify and resolve cross sectoral issues

•Technical expertise to carry out estimation and draft report.•Technical skills to address the ICA process (TA and FSV)

QA/QC coordinator

•Overall quality assurance / quality control coordination and/or overall data and document management

•A person with administrative expertise

Note: a sector expert could also be the inventory compiler and QA/QC coordinator especially if there is a limitation of human resources

24/●

Possible structure for GHG inventory team

Inventory coordinator

QA/QC

Coordinator

Energy Sector

Experts

IP Sector

Experts

Agriculture Sector

Experts

LULUCF Sector

Experts

Waste Sector

Experts

Inventory compiler

GHG inventory team

Data Provider

(Energy Sector)

Data Provider

(IP Sector)

Data Provider

(Agriculture Sector)

Data Provider

(LULUCF Sector)

Data Provider

(Waste Sector)

National Entity

25/●

Institutional set up in Japan: 1992

Relevant Ministries

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)

Private Consultant Companies

UNFCCC Secretariat

Other Stakeholder Organizations

Ministry of Economy, Trade

and Industry (METI)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,

Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries (MAFF)

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

Ministry of Finance (MOF)

Data request

Data provision

Ad hoc Request for Data

Data provision

Submission of GHG Inventory

Examination and Approval of Revision

proposal

Committee for the GHG Emissions

Estimation Methods

GHG Inventory Quality Assurance Working

Group

Request for GHG inventory compilation

Submission of the draft GHG inventory

Environment Agency Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

(MHLW)


Agency for Natural Resources and Energy

(ANRE)

Forestry Agency

Request for revisions of Estimation Methods

Ministry of the Environment,

Other Relevant Divisions

Report of QA results

Request for QA of GHG inventory

Reference: GIO.(2013), Modified from the original materials provided by GIO

Small inventory team consisting of

Environmental Agency + private consultants

prepared inventory with limited assistance

from relevant ministries/agencies

Improvements

26/●

Institutional set up in Japan: 2002

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision

Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF

and NIR

Request for revision of CRF and NIR



proposal


Estimation Methods


Group

Request for QC check of CRF and NIR


Ministry of the Environment (MOE)

National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Organization for actual work of GHG inventory

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

(MHLW)


Data provision

Submission of the draft GHG Inventory


(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







Japan ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002

GIO was established in 2002 (but GIO had

only a few members)

The relevant ministries/agencies were

involved in the inventory development

process more actively.

Improvements

27/●

Institutional set up in Japan: now

Relevant Ministries



UNFCCC Secretariat



and Industry (METI)




Fisheries (MAFF)



Data request

Data provision

Request for DataRequest for QC check of CRF

and NIR




proposal


Estimation Methods


Group

Request for QC check of CRF and NIR


Ministry of the Environment (MOE)

National Single Entity for Inventory Preparation

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES),

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)

Organization for actual work of GHG inventory

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

(MHLW)


Data provision

Submission of the draft GHG Inventory


(ANRE)

Forestry Agency







The member of GIO increases gradually.

Now is over 10.

Inventory team: MOE + GIO + consultants

(GIO prepares a draft inventory mainly and

consultants implement QC activities.)

QA-WG was set up.

Improvements

28/●

Key issues for institutional arrangements

Arrangement based on national circumstances (not one size fits all)

Establishing institutional arrangements takes time

Stakeholder engagement and clear assignment of roles and responsibilities is

critical

Documentation of relevant information for institutional memory is key:

reporting requirements;

rules of procedure;

estimation methodologies; and

data sources, etc.

Establishment of national legal or formal arrangements (laws, decrees,

contracts, MoUs, etc.), if necessary

Long term vision

29/●

Thank you for your attention

30/●

Discussion

What improvements have your countries made in terms of BUR/GHG inventory

preparation? What were the key challenges?

How is the country planning to address the key challenges?

31/●

The BUR requirements

Read the sample GHG inventory chapter for the BUR.

Analyze the chapter to see whether it has complied with the BUR guidelines.

Documents

GHG inventory requirements for the BUR - un-gsp.org · GHG inventory requirements for the BUR ... Mandate: decision 1/CP.16 ... Number of submitted BURs •36 BUR1s submitted as of