GFS-3000Portable Gas Exchange Fluorescence System

Combining High Precision CO2 Measurement with Modern Fluorescence and P700 Measurements

Mess- und Regeltechnik

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GFS-3000 Portable Gas Exchange Fluorescence System

The GFS-3000 Portable Gas Exchange Fluorescence System delivers high precision assessment of plant photosynthesis and respira-tion in both controlled laboratory settings and demanding field condi-tions. Optional fluorescence mod-ules further expand the system’s capability.

Measuring systems for assessing gas exchange of plants were the first products of the Walz company. Hence, in this field of instrument development, we have more than 35 years of experience.

The gas exchange measurement still relies on the basic principle that the change in CO2 and H2O con-centrations are determined when air passes through a climate controlled chamber containing a plant sample. Nevertheless with years of develop-

ment, instruments became more miniaturized, versatile, precise and comfortable.

With the GFS-3000 all environmen-tal parameters relevant for plant photosynthesis (CO2, H2O, tempera-ture, light, ventilation and flow) can be controlled automatically and over the full physiological range. Experi-mental protocols for automatic light-curves or automatic CO2-curves can be easily programmed.

The optional version GFS-3000FL includes the LED-Array/PAM-Fluo-rometer 3055-FL - combining both the quality in gas exchange and fluorescence products of the Walz company in one complete portable system.

The design of the Standard Measur-ing Head 3010-S gives high flex-ibility. For example, the measuring area can be adapted with special plates; the cuvette can be modified for conifers, lichens or Arabidopsis plants or for surface measurements.

The GFS-3000 perfectly comple-ments with other Walz systems giving access to numerous aspects of photosynthesis research.

We provide the special Dual-PAM Gas-Exchange Cuvette 3010-Dual for the combination of the GFS-3000 with the Dual-PAM-100.

The IMAGING-PAM Mini-Head can be connected to the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S and we provide the special Gas-Exchange Chamber 3010-GWK1 for the com-bination of the GFS-3000 with the IMAGING-PAM Maxi-Head.

Silica gel, humidifier granules and soda lime for H2O and CO2 control

High capacity Li-ion battery

Internal PAR sensor for light control

Central Unit contains 4-chan-nel CO2/H2O gas analyzer

Touch-sensitive, transflective LC-display for field work

CO2 input for CO2 control (cartridges or cylinder)

Flow indicator

USB interface

Simultaneous assessment of fluorescence possible

Temperature control

Various leaf area adapters and special cuvettes available

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Gas AnalyzerThe Control Unit 3000-C of the GFS-3000 contains a high accuracy non-dispersive 4-channel infrared gas analyzer for the determination of CO2 (0-3000 ppm) and H2O (0-75000 ppm) with 20 cm optical path length, 6 ml gold plated cells. The specially developed dual-frequency chopper technology allows simul-taneous assessment of differential and absolute signal.

The analyzer is optimized for a very stable and accurate differential sig-nal. The differential zero is indicat-ed, allowing clear information about the stability of the measurement. Due to the separation of analyzer and measuring head, the measuring head temperature does not influ-ence the analyzer.

CO2 ControlThe integrated CO2 control ranges from 0 to 2000 ppm CO2. The CO2 supply can be filled from cartridges. One cartridge contains 8 g, and provides CO2 (340 ppm, standard flow rate) continuously for more than 48 hours. The actual CO2-reserve is indicated. An external CO2-cylinder equipped with pres-sure reducer (6 bar) can be directly attached to the control unit.

Control Unit 3000-C

Humidity ControlThe humidity control for drying and humidifying ranges from 0 to nearly 100% r.h. It consists of a drying and humidifying column and an auto-matic valve.

Flow ControlAir flow through the cuvette is ex- actly adjusted between 300-1400 μmol s-1 by a membrane pump con-trolled by a high precision electron-ic mass flow-meter. The mechanical flow indicators directly indicate flow balance and cuvette tightness.

Operation/SoftwareThe GFS-3000 can be operated via the integrated Panel-PC or an exter-nal PC connected via USB.

The integrated Panel-PC has a large (11.5 cm x 8.6 cm), transflective LC-display with touch screen and background illumination, which is clearly readable in the field.

Instrument operation is self-explanatory. Beginners are able to operate the GFS-3000 with minimal training. For more sophisticated procedures like calibration, the user is guided by the software. Program-ming user-defined protocols, e.g. for CO2-curves or light-curves is very simple.

PowerTwo Li-ion batteries can be con-nected simultaneously to the control unit, resulting in a total operation time of 4 to 8 hours. A compartment at the bottom of the control unit pro-vides room for one Li-ion battery. In the laboratory the GFS-3000 also can be operated via an external AC Power Supply.

The control of the instrument from an external PC with the GFS-Win software allows accessible demon-strations of real-world experiments in classes or lectures.

For developers, the GFS-Win soft-ware allows the incorporation of the GFS-3000 into integrated measur-ing facilities via COM-Objects.

Operation via GFS-Win

Operation via touch-screen

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Standard Measuring Head 3010-S

LightThe Standard Measuring Head 3010-S has three sensors for pho-tosynthetic active radiation (PAR): One cosine corrected Micro Quan-tum Sensor, MQS/A, located on top of the measuring head, and two additional sensors located inside each cuvette half.

Light can be provided with the LED Light Source 3040-L (red and blue) to the upper or lower side of the cuvette.

The light control can be either set to a constant PAR level between 0 and 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 or to track the ambient PAR. The same light control options apply for the LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL.

VentilationBoth sides of the Standard Measur-ing Head 3010-S feature a high-speed impeller for effective ventila-tion of the air surrounding the leaf.

The Standard Measuring Head 3010-S has a clamp-on cuvette with a robust closing mechanism. It en-closes a standard measuring area of 8 cm2. The symmetrical construc-tion allows separate assessment of upper and lower leaf surface. It has a trigger-button to comfortably trig-ger data storage from the measur-ing head.

FlexibilityThe standard measuring area of 8 cm2 can simply be modified with area adapter plates. Additional flex- ibility is provided by various cu-vettes for conifers, lichens/mosses or Arabidopsis plants. We also provide a modification kit for the assessment of surfaces like bark or stones.

The electronics box is detachable and can be used for self-built meas-uring chambers.

Each measuring head contains its own calibration data, and can be freely exchanged between systems.

TemperatureThe Standard Measuring Head 3010-S has four temperature sen-sors: One Pt100 sensor per each cuvette half, a thermo element for leaf temperature and a Pt100 for the external temperature.

The temperature control can be switched between three modes: Constant cuvette temperature, constant leaf temperature, or temperature variation parallel to ambient temperature regime with an adjustable offset. The last mode is especially well suited to assess plant responses in future tempera-ture regimes.

Due to the high performance of elements of temperature control, the cuvette temperature can be de-creased by up to 10 °K. Maximum temperature reached is 50 °C.

Cuvette for lichens, moses, soil saples and small animals 3010-V32

Arabidopsis Chamber 3010-A

Conifer Cuvette 3010-V80

Leaf area adapters

Modification kit for surface meas- urements of bark or stones

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Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Dark Leaf ClipsFor the determination of the maxi-mum fluorescence signal (Fm), the leaf needs to be dark acclimated. We offer light-weight dark leaf clips, with positioning aid and sliding shutters made from sun reflecting material.

Oxygen SensorIn chlorophyll-fluorescence re-search, experiments are sometimes performed at decreased oxygen concentrations to avoid photorespi-ration.

For the recording of the actual oxygen concentration, we offer an oxygen sensor, which can be at-tached to the Control Unit 3000-C. It comprises a lead-oxygen battery and is insensitive to CO2. The reso-lution at the GFS-3000 is 0.03% O2.

PAM FluorometerPAM fluorometry and the saturation pulse method provide detailed in-formation on the light-energy usage of photosystem II and, thus, add important information on primary photosynthetic reactions to the gas exchange data.

Two fluorescence modules are avail-able. Both can be directly operated with the system in the field.

LED-Array/PAM-Fluo- rometer 3055-FLWhen we developed the LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL it was important for us that it would not restrict the gas exchange measure-ment to a small area. The LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL collects, with 6 detectors, the fluorescence information on up to 8 cm2 sample area.

Its LED array provides actinic red and blue light as well as the saturat-ing light pulses. Also, it features far-red LEDs to determine the Fo’ fluo-rescence. It connects with a simple snap-on mount to the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S, allowing optical control when positioning the leaf in the cuvette.

Fiberoptics PAM-Fluo- rometer 3050-FTo analyze fluorescence in ambient light, the Fiberoptics PAM-Fluoro-meter 3050-F can be attached to the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S. It employs a blue LED for measuring light and the saturating light pulses, and also features far-red illumination for Fo’ determina-tion.

In comparison to the JUNIOR-PAM, the Fiberoptics PAM-Fluorometer 3050-F has a more powerful satu-rating light pulse and can be used with the required distance to the leaf sample.

Fiberoptics PAM-Fluorometer 3050-F

LED-Array/ PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL

Dark-Leaf Clip 3010-DLC

Oxygen Sensor 3080-O2

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Combination of the GFS-3000with other Walz Systems

Dual-PAM-100 and KLAS-100The most sophisticated combina-tion of Walz instruments is the GFS-3000, together with the P700 & Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measur-ing System Dual-PAM-100, using the specially designed Dual-PAM Gas-Exchange Cuvette 3010-Dual. This novel setup is the first com-mercially available system allowing simultaneous analysis of PS I and PS II photochemistry simultaneously with CO2 gas exchange.

IMAGING-PAMImages of fluorescence parameters and PAR absorptivity reveal hetero-geneities in the leaf function, which cannot be distinguished by gas exchange measurements. In return, most physiological heterogeneities, or differences in genotypes, only become clearly visible in fluores-cence images under changing CO2, O2 or temperature conditions, or under extreme conditions, all of which can be easily applied with a gas exchange system.

The IMAGING-PAM M-Series MINI-Version is a Walz imaging fluoro-meter, which fits to the GSF-3000 Standard Measuring Head. It can be equipped with the Adapter IMAG-MIN/GFS, so that it connects to the measuring head with a simple but firm snap-on mount.

On the larger scale, imaging can be carried out using an IMAGING-PAM M-Series MAXI-Version in combi-nation with the Walz large-spaced Gas-Exchange Chamber 3010-GWK1 with controlled climate.

Additional photosynthesis param-eters (e.g. absorbance of various cytochromes, plastocyanin, zea- xanthin) can be measured in paral-lel with gas exchange with the help of special devices, even more so-phisticated than the Dual-PAM-100, which presently are being devel-oped. Custom prototypes of such devices (e.g. Kinetic LED-Array Spectrophotometer KLAS-100) are available.

The software of both systems (GFS-3000 and IMAGING-PAM) then operates in synchrony on one PC exchanging data between each other. This allows automatic light-curves or CO2-curves controlled with GFS-Win.

The Dual-PAM Gas-Exchange Cu-vette 3010-Dual enables control of temperature and gas composition. Hence, the wide range of informa-tion provided by the Dual-PAM-100 can be obtained under climate con-trolled conditions concurrent with gas exchange data. The small area of the Dual-PAM Gas-Exchange Cuvette 3010-Dual (1.3 cm2), makes it very suitable for experiments on single Arabidopsis leaves.

Also the P515/535 Emitter-Detector modules, which enable the Dual-PAM-100 to measure the electro- chromic carotenoid shift and “light scattering”, is compatible with the 3010-Dual cuvette.

IMAGING-Pam MAXI-Version with Gas-Exchange Chamber 3010-GWK1

Dual-PAM Gas-Exchange Cuvette 3010-Dual

Leaf area: 1.3 cm2

IMAGING-Pam MINII-Version with snap-on mount to Standard Measuring Head 3010-S

Combination of GFS-3000 with Dual-PAM-100 using the Dual-PAM Gas-Exchange Cuvette 3010-Dual

Fig. 1 shows the CO2-assimilation, intercellular CO2-concentration and Yield(PSII) of Prunus cerasus during a CO2-curve. The traces are recalculated with GFS-Win using an empty chamber for the zero-measurement.

Fig. 2 shows the result of a combined measurement using the GFS-3000 together with the

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Application

IMAGING-PAM on a dry-stressed Fagus sylvatica leaf. The depen-dence of CO2-assimilation on the intercellular CO2-concentration has been plotted. The patchiness in the fluorescence images is the more pronounced the higher the CO2 concentration.

Typical applications of the GFS-3000 are the assessment of CO2-assimilation, H2O-conductance or CO2-respiration in dependence on CO2-concentration, intercellular CO2-concentration, light, tempera-ture, humidity or time of day. Here we show some examples measured with the GFS-3000.

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The temperature control of the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S allows the assessment of gas ex-change in an increased temperature regime but otherwise unchanged conditions. Here we demonstrate a twin measurement (Fig. 3), where one leaflet was kept at ambient

conditions, while the other had an increased temperature regime (+5 °C). As can be seen in the up-per panel, the night-respiration is in-creased at high temperatures; also, at low light levels, the uptake of CO2 is lower in the increased tempera-ture regime than under unchanged conditions.

In Fig. 4, the temperature of a tobacco leaf was increased in steps from 15 to 45 °C in the dark, the dark-respiration increased, while Fv/Fm decreased markedly at tem-peratures above 30 °C.

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Fig. 4: Temperature-dependence of dark-respiration in N. tabacum

Fig. 3: Twin-measurement with different temperature-regimes at a tomato-leaf using two GFS-3000

Fig. 1: CO2-curve, Prunus cerasus

Fig. 2: Fagus sylvatica, gas ex-change with fluorescence imaging

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Basic Systems & Accessories

Additional GasExchange Products• Cold Trap KF-18/2: The cold trap KF-18/2 is a temperature controlled condenser, which traps water from a given air stream resulting in a pre-set humidity. We recommend this

Basic System I: GFS-3000The system package GFS-3000 contains the following components:

• Control-Unit 3000-C (1) contain-ing the CO2 and H2O analyzer, as well as all components required for the CO2, H2O and flow control

• Standard Measuring Head-3010-S (2) featuring the detachable electronics box containing the cir-cuitry for the temperature and light control, the ventilation system and sensor electronics

Basic System II: GFS-3000FLThe system package GFS-3000FL for measuring gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, includes the LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL (7) instead of the LED Light Source 3040-L (3).

We will modify the system package on customer request.

• LED Light Source 3040-L (3) featuring red/blue LED array

• AC Power Supply 3020-N (4) for operation in the laboratory

• Two Li-ion batteries 3025-A (5) for field work

• Li-ion battery charger LC-03 (6) featuring two separate outputs with LC-displays providing status information

The complete system comes in two metal transport boxes containing extension legs for the central unit, a

Accessories• Various Cuvettes (8): Conifers cuvette, lichens/mosses cuvette, Arabidopsis chamber, modification kit for surface measurements

• Leaf Area Adapters (9) for smaller leaf samples

• Fiberoptics PAM-Fluorometer 3050-F for assessment of chloro-phyll fluorescence in ambient light

• Dark Leaf Clips 3010-DLC for dark adaption before Fm determina-tion

• Oxygen Sensor 3080-O2

• Dual-PAM Gas-Exchange Cuvette 3010-Dual for the combined use of the GFS-3000 with the DUAL-PAM-100

• Gas-Exchange Chamber 3010-GWK1 for the combined use of the GFS-3000 with the IMAGING-PAM Maxi-Version

• Tripod ST-1010 for mounting the Standard Measuring Head

• Outdoor Set 3000-C/OS: 10 l mixing vessel with fiber glass an-tenna and sun shield

• DC-DC converter 3020-DC input 9-32 V, e.g. for the connection of car batteries

cold trap for the span-calibration of the H2O analyzer of the GFS-3000.

• Gas Mixing Unit GMA-3 or GMA-4: Convenient gas mixing unit designed for gas exchange stations. The GMA-3 contains two tem-perature controlled high precision electronic mass flow meters, for mixing air with CO2. One mass flow meter controls an internal air pump, the other controls the CO2 flow. There is an inlet between the pump and the mass flow meter, which can be used for N2. The GMA-4 has an additional electronic mass flow controller for N2.

• Dewpoint Mirror TS-2: A dew-point mirror is the traditional method of measuring air humidity. It meas-ures the temperature at which dew forms on a mirror. Precision: 0.1 °C. Range: -50 to 50 °C dewpoint.

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spare kit, tools, software, a manual and some consumables.

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Technical Specifications

Control Unit 3000-C• Design: Aluminum housing featuring integrated PC module, large graphical LC-display with touch screen, 4-chan-nel CO2/H2O gas analyzer, flow control, CO2 control (supplied via small car-tridges or cylinders) and H2O control (for drying and humidifying). Pneumatic connectors for air inlet, measuring head and four vents. Sockets for cable con-nections with Measuring Head 3010-S, PC (USB interface), two auxiliaries, two Li-ion Batteries 3025-A (or AC Power Supply 3020-N or external DC) and one additional component

CO2/H2O Gas Analyzer

• Design: 4-channel CO2/H2O absolute NDIR gas analyzer, separate cuvettes for CO2 and H2O

• CO2 measurement: Simultaneous absolute and differential measurements, absolute range: 0 to 3000 ppm, cuvette length 20 cm, cuvette volume of one cell 6 cm3, gas-filled detector

• H2O measurement: Simultaneous absolute and differential measurements, absolute range: 0 to 75000 ppm, cuvette length 20 cm, cuvette volume of one cell 6 cm3, pyroelectric detector (solid state)

• Max. noise in absolute mode: <0.2 ppm CO2 and <30 ppm H2O

• Resolution: 0.01 ppm CO2, 1 ppm H2O

• Linearization: CO2 absolute: Max. error between 0 and 600 ppm: 12 ppm, above 600 ppm: 2% of measured value Deviation of differential CO2 zero with changing CO2: Typ. less than 0.5 ppm H2O absolute: Max. error between 0 and 15000 ppm: 330 ppm, above 15000 ppm: 2% of measured value Deviation of differential H2O zero with changing H2O: Typ. less than 150 ppm

• Pneumatic time delay: Delay be-tween Analyzer and Standard Measuring Head 3010-S is 2.5 s at standard flow rate

• Correction: Signal is corrected for temperature, pressure and H2O-effect on CO2 signal

Standard Measuring Head 3010-S• Design: Universal measuring head featuring small-sized cuvette volume (40 ml), wide range temperature control and effective ventilation. Electronics box de-tachable for custom-built cuvettes, upper and lower cuvette halves pneumatically separated with one impeller each for upper and lower parts, interchangeable adapter plates for different leaf areas, cuvette expandable to different volumes and shapes (small cylinder or cuboid) for measuring mosses, lichens or coni-fers. Sockets for cable connections with Control Unit 3000-C, LED Light Source 3040-L or one additional component (e.g. LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL)

• Cuvette temp. (in each air exit of upper and lower cuvette half), ambi-ent temp.: Pt 100 type A, range -10 to +50 °C, accuracy ±0.1 °C

• Temperature control: Three modes of temperature control: Tracking ambient temperature (with or without offset), set value for cuvette temperature and set value for leaf temperature; cuvette tem-perature ranging from 10 degrees below ambient temperature (decreasing with light intensity) to +50 °C

• Leaf temp. measurement: Thermo-couple, range -10 to +50 °C, accuracy ±0.2 °C

• External miniature quantum sensor: Micro Quantum Sensor MQS/A sits on top of the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S. Selective PAR measurement, range 0 to 2500 μmol m-2 s-1, accuracy ±5%, cosine corrected (measuring photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD)

• Internal light sensor: Selective PAR measurement, range 0 to 2500 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR, accuracy ±10%, two sensors, one in the upper and one in the lower part of the cuvette

• Cuvette ventilation system: Two frequency controlled impellers, one in the upper and one in the lower part of the cuvette, speed adjustable

• Leaf area: 8 cm2 standard, inter-changeable adapter plates from 1 to 8 cm2, flexible shape

• Cuvette volume: 40 ml

• Operating temperature: -5 to +45 °C

• Dimensions: 31 cm x 7 cm x 13 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: 1.6 kg (incl. cable and tubes 2 m long)

• Barometric air pressure measure-ment: Range 60 to 110 kPa, accuracy ±0.1 %

• Mass flow measurement: Thermal mass flow meter, range 0 to 1500 μmol s-1, accuracy ±1%

• Integrated user interface: Panel PC 486 SX/33 MHz with transflective graphical LC-display 320 x 240 dots (effective display area 11.5 cm x 8.6 cm) with backlight and touch screen

• Data storage capacity: 64 MB flash card

• CO2 control: Integrated CO2-control via thermal valve, range 0 to 2000 ppm, CO2 supply via CO2 cartridges (8 g CO2, provide more than 48 h continuous supply at 350 ppm, reserve is indi-cated) or via CO2 cylinder with pressure reducer

• H2O control: Integrated H2O control via step motor for humidifying and drying, range 0 to nearly 100% r.h. (non-condensing)

• Measured and calculated param-eters: CO2 absolute, CO2 difference, H2O absolute, H2O difference, flow, ambient pressure, 2x auxiliaries, cuvette temperature (upper and lower half), leaf temperature, ambient temperature, PAR in upper part of the cuvette, PAR in lower part of the cuvette, external PAR, impeller frequency, evaporation, VPD, H2O conductance, net photosynthesis, intercellular CO2 concentration. Recal-culation of stored data is possible

• PC interface: USB 2.0

• Auxiliaries: Two analog inputs, range 0 to 4095 mV

• Power supply: Field replaceable rechargeable Li-ion Battery 14.4 V/15 Ah 3025-A (two batteries supplied), external 16 V DC, AC Power Supply 3020-N for laboratory operation

• Operating time: 2 to 4 hours typ. with one Li-ion battery, 4 to 8 hours typ. with two Li-ion batteries

• Operating temperature: -5 to +45 °C

• Dimensions: 43 cm x 28 cm x 26 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: 11.1 kg (incl. Li-ion battery)

Basic System I: GFS-3000

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AC Power Supply 3020-N• Design: DC power supply unit for laboratory use

• Output voltage: 16 V DC

• Output power: 135 W

• Mains power supply: 100 to 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz

• Operating temperature: 0 to 40 °C

• Dimensions: 20 cm x 8 cm x 5 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: 1 kg

Fiberoptics PAM-Fluo-rometer 3050-F• Design: PAM chlorophyll fluorometer enclosed in a metal tube, which can be connected to the Standard Measur-ing Head 3010-S. Measurement via an optical fiber, entering the leaf chamber of the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S through an air-tight connection

• Measuring Light: Blue LED (peak: 450 nm), modulation frequency: 10 and 500 Hz. PAR at 2 mm distance and ML-Ampl. 10: Ca. 0.3 μmol m-2 s-1 with low frequency, 15 μmol m-2 s-1 with high frequency

Li-ion Battery 14.4 V/ 15 Ah 3025-A• Design: High-performance, mainte-nance-free, rechargeable Li-ion battery with protection circuit, Perspex-alumi-num housing

• Nominal voltage: 14.4 V

• Typical capacity: 15 Ah

Li-ion Battery Charger LC-03• Design: Mains operated automatic Li-ion battery charger with two indepen-dent charge outputs, 2-line LC-display with backlight for each charge output

• Charging voltage: 16.4 V max.

• Charging current: 0 to 3 A

• Recharging time: 6 hours for one or two Li-ion Batteries 3025-A

• Mains power supply: 100 to 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz

• Operating temperature: -5 to 45 °C

• Dimensions: 20.5 cm x 19 cm x 9 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: 1.7 kg

LED Light Source 3040-L• Design: LED array with 24 red and 2 blue LEDs

• Light intensity: Range 0 to 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR max., typ. 90 % red (640 nm) and 10 % blue (470 nm)

• Homogeneity of light distribution: ±20 % at leaf level

• Leaf area: 8 cm2

• Power consumption: 5 W max., power supply via Standard Measuring Head 3010-S

• Operating temperature: -5 to +45 °C

• Dimensions: 7.5 cm x 4.5 cm x 5.5 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: 160 g

LED-Array/PAM-Fluo-rometer 3055-FL• Design: Combined PAM chlorophyll fluorometer and LED light source com-prising an LED array with 24 red LEDs (for actinic illumination and saturation pulses), 2 blue LEDs (for measuring light and actinic illumination), far-red LEDs and 6 photodiodes (for chlorophyll fluorescence detection)

• Measuring Light: Blue LEDs (470 nm), modulation frequency 5 to 60 Hz and 1.2 kHz (during saturation pulse)

• Actinic light: Blue LEDs (470 nm) and red LEDs (640 nm), range 0 to 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR, typ. 90 % red and 10 % blue

Leaf Area Adapter• Measuring area: 3010-1x4: 1 cm x 4 cm 3010-R3: 3 cm2 round 3010-1.1x2.1: 1.1 cm x 2.1 cm

Lichens/Mosses Cuvette 3010-V32• Inner Volume: Diameter 3.2 cm, height: 4 cm

Basic System II: GFS-3000FLContains the same components as the system package GFS-3000 except for the LED-Array/PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL replacing the LED Light Source 3040-L.

• Measured and calculated param-eters: In addition to the gas-exchange parameters (see GFS-3000) the follow-ing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: Fo, Fm, Fm’, F, Fo’, Fv/Fm (max. PS II quantum yield), ΔF/Fm’=Y(II) (effective PS II quantum yield), qP, qN, NPQ, ETR (i.e. PAR x ΔF/Fm’)

• Operating temperature: -10 to +60 °C (discharge) and 0 to 50 °C (charge)

• Dimensions: 28 cm x 15.5 cm x 2.8 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: 1.7 kg

• Saturation light: Red LEDs (640 nm), typ. 4500 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR

• Far-red light: Far-red LEDs (peak: 740 nm)

• Signal detection: PIN-photodiode protected by long-pass filter (> 660 nm), selective window amplifier

• Leaf area: 8 cm2

• Power consumption: 15 W max. (dur-ing saturating light pulse), power supply via Standard Measuring Head 3010-S

• Operating temperature: -5 to +45 °C

• Dimensions: 7.5 cm x 6 cm x 6.5 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: 230 g

Accessories • Saturating Light: Blue LED (peak: 450 nm). At 1 mm distance: Typ. 11000 μmol m-2 s-1. At 2 mm: Typ. 6000 μmol m-2 s-1

• Far-red light: LED (peak: 730 nm)

• Signal Detection: PIN-photodiode protected by a long pass filter (trans-mission=50% typ. at 645 nm), selective window amplifier

• Measured and calculated param-eters: The same as with the LED/Array PAM-Fluorometer 3055-FL (see GFS-3000FL)

• Power Consumption: 0.25 W con-tinuously, 6.5 W (during saturating light pulse), supplied via Standard Measuring Head 3010-S

• Operating temperature: -5 to +45 °C

• Dimension of light guide: Length: 21 cm, diameter: 1.5 mm

• Dimensions of housing: Length: 20 cm, diameter: 3 cm

• Weight: 150 g

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Gas-Exchange Cham-ber 3010-GWK1• Design: Peltier cooled unit designed for large sample areas for the combined use of the GFS-3000 with the IMAGING-PAM Maxi-Head. Effective temperature control

• Cuvette temp., ambient temp., mea-surement: Pt 100 type A, range -10 to 50 °C, accuracy ±0.1 °C

• Leaf temp. measurement: Thermo-couple, range: -10 to 45 °C, accuracy ±0.2 °C

• Temperature control: Temperature control range: 10 °K decrease or 25 °K increase in relation to uncontrolled temperature

• Relative humidity sensor: Range: 0-100% r.h., accuracy: ±1.5% (5-95% r.h.), T90 response time (11 to 75% r.h.): <10s

• Cuvette ventilation system: Trans-versal fan

• Maximum sample area: 14 cm x 10 cm

• Inner volume of the cooling unit alone: 840 ml (up to edge of aluminum frame)

• Power supply: AC Power Supply 3020-N for laboratory operation

• Operating temperature: -5 to 45 °C

• Dimension of cooling unit: 26 cm x 25 cm x 19.5 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: 6.9 kg including cables and tubes

• Cuvette:

Standard: Flat lid (inside: 16 cm x 14.5 cm, outside: 18.5 cm x 17 cm, volume: 320 ml)

Other design: Available on customer request

Subject to change without prior notice

Dual-PAM Gas-Ex-change Cuvette 3010-DUAL• Design: Cuvette is a sandwich of two 2 x 2 cm aluminum frames, each holding the end part of a Walz standard Perspex rod to connect various measuring heads of the Dual-PAM-100 or the KLAS-100. Distance between Perspex rod and leaf: ca. 1 mm on each leaf side. Electronics box with sockets for cable connections to the Control Unit 3000-C and trigger-input line for the connection of the Dual-PAM-100 trigger out

• Cuvette temperature: Pt 100 type A (located near the Peltier elements), range -10 to +50 °C, accuracy ±0.1 °C

• Temperature control: Set point value for cuvette temperature. Cuvette tem-perature ranging from 10 degrees below ambient to max. +50 °C

• Leaf temperature measurement: Thermocouple, range -10 to +50 °C, accuracy ±0.2 °C

• External miniature quantum sensor: Micro Quantum Sensor MQS/A: Selec-tive PAR measurement, range 0 to 2500 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR, accuracy ±5%, cosine corrected

• Leaf area: 1.3 cm2

• Trigger in: Triggers at 5Vg0V signal change

• Distance between light guide (Perspex rod) and leaf: Ca. 1 mm on each side

• Operating temperature: -5 to +45 °C

• Dimensions: Assembled cuvette: 10 cm x 4 cm x 12 cm (L x W x H), electronics box : 7 cm x 7 cm x 15 cm (L x W x H)

• Weight: Cuvette, electronics box, cables, and mounting frame: 1.7 kg; Mounting Stand ST-101: 2 kg

Oxygen Sensor 3080-O2• Design: Electrolytic sensor consist-ing of a temperature compensated lead-oxygen battery, plugging into the gas pathway of the GFS-3000, battery operated amplifier box with display, con-nection to the auxiliary analog input of the GFS-3000

• Measurement range: 0 to 100% O2

• T90 response time: 14±2 s

• Accuracy: ±1% of full scale

• Operating temperature: 5 to 40 °C

• Positioning: The sensor needs to be always in an upright position

• Shock or vibration: Sensitive to shock or vibration

• Sensor life: 900 000% h at 25 °C

• Influence of CO2: none

Amplifier of Oxygen Sensor

• Input: Oxygen sensor 0 to 80 mV

• Output 1: O2-signal, resolution indi-cated by the GFS-3000: 0.03% O2

• Output 2: Battery voltage x 0.4

• Battery: 9V

• Display: Resolution 0.1 % O2

Dark Leaf Clips 3010-DLC• Design: For darkening leaf samples in the field, made from plastic material, with sliding shutters, positioning aid and stainless steel clips

• Weight: 11g

Arabidopsis Chamber 3010-A• Design: Attachment to the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S for gas ex-change measurements on above-ground plant matter of small pot plants. Consist-ing of an aluminum attachment, two pot holders and a support for the horizontal bedding of the Standard Measuring Head 3010-S

• Pot holder size (outside): Height: 7.5 cm, diameter: 10 cm

• Above ground volume: Height: 2.5 cm, diameter: 4 cm

• Usable pot size: Height: Max. 5.8 cm, diameter: 5.5 to 7 cm

Oxygen-Sensor 3080-O2 connected to GFS-3000

Conifer Cuvette 3010-V80• Inner Volume: 3 cm x 5 cm x 5.3 cm (L x W x H)

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High Quality Instrumentation for Plant Sciences

Mess- und Regeltechnik

Heinz Walz GmbHEichenring 691090 EffeltrichGermany

Tel.: +49-(0)9133/7765-0 Fax: +49-(0)9133/5395E-mail: info@walz.com Internet: www.walz.com

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