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Case Study Berlin: Advanced Hydrogeological Characterization for Understanding Emerging Pollutants’ Fate in the Aquifer Dr. Gesche Grützmacher (BWB)
Berlin‘s Water Resources
infiltration ponds
natural recharge 10 %
30 %
60 % bank filtrate
Aquifer Recharge via Infiltration Ponds
Drinking water production wells
Drinking Water Treatment
No addition of chemicals
No disinfection
FilterBelüftungTief-brunnen
Speicher PumpenFilterBelüftungTief-brunnen
Speicher Pumpenproduction wells
aeration rapid sand filters
storage tank
pumping station
consumer
Main Challenge: Semi-Closed Water Cycle
relevant concentrations of emerging pollutants detectable in source waters
• Are emerging pollutants attenuated during subsurface passage? • Which processes dominate? possibilit ies for optimization
NASRI-1: 2002 – 2006 IC-NASRI: 2007 - 2009
R&D-Project: NASRI
8
Infiltration ponds
Microsieve
Test site: Infiltration Pond Tegel
A
B
Test site: Infiltration Pond Tegel
A B
1. Mixing
AR-Share > 80 %
Massmann, G., Greskowiak, J., Dünnbier, U., Zühlke, S., Knappe, A., Pekdeger, A. (2006): The impact of variable temperatures on the redox conditions and the behaviour of pharmaceutical residues during artificial recharge; Journal of Hydrology 328 (1-2): 141 - 156.
2. Residence times
Mai 02Ju
n 02Ju
l 02
Aug 02Sep
02Okt
02Nov
02Dez
02Ja
n 03
Mar 03
Apr 03Mai
03Ju
n 03Ju
l 03
Aug 0
3Sep
03Nov
03Dez
03Ja
n 04
Feb 0
4Mar
04
-7.0
-6.5
-6.0
-5.5
δ18 O
[‰ v
s SM
OW
]
SB3TEG366TEG365TEG368OPTEG369OPBR20
182
210
238
266
299
329
36438
542
047
651
853
956
760
263
066
5 72174
278
481
284
0sampling month/ days since 22.11.01
pond3 to TEG369OP: 25dpond3 to well20: 50d
12
Residence times (from tracer interpretation & effective T/He age dating)
3. Redox zonation
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
O 2 [m
M]
0
5
10
15
20
25
T [O C
]
T > 14OC T > 14OC T > 14OC
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
DOC
[mM
]
a)
b)
c)
3. Redox zonation
• AR / BF-shares 0 to 99 % • Residence t imes 2 months to decades • Redox zones: oxic to Fe-reducing
highly transient condit ions for attenuation of a w ide
range of emerging pollutants However, some substances persist and need to be addressed
by - source control - diversion of waste-water f lows - advanced waste-water treatment - advanced drinking water treatment
Conclusions
