GERMANY & THE RISE OF NAZISM, 1919-39. CRITICAL TERMS ADOLF HITLER ERNST ROHM RUDOLF HESS PAUL von...
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WORLD WAR II ORIGINS: GERMANY & THE RISE OF NAZISM, 1919-39
GERMANY & THE RISE OF NAZISM, 1919-39. CRITICAL TERMS ADOLF HITLER ERNST ROHM RUDOLF HESS PAUL von HINDENBURG STURMABTEILUNG (SA) FREIKORPS SCHUTZSTAFFEL
CRITICAL TERMS ADOLF HITLER ERNST ROHM RUDOLF HESS PAUL von
HINDENBURG STURMABTEILUNG (SA) FREIKORPS SCHUTZSTAFFEL (SS) THE
BEER HALL PUTSCH MEIN KAMPF LEBENSRAUM
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GROWTH OF NAZI PARTY TIMELINE 1919: TREATY OF VERSAILLES
IMPOSES HARSH TERMS ON GERMANY ADOLF HITLER SETTLES IN MUNICH JOINS
NSDAP(i.e. The Nazi Party) 1920: NAZI PARTY GROWS TO 3000 MEMBERS
HITLER BECOMES LEADER OF PARTY 1923: HITLER LEADS THE BEER HALL
PUTSCH HITLER SENTENCED TO PRISON 1925: MEIN KAMPF PUBLISHED
MEMBERSHIP RISES TO 27,000 1929: NAZI MEMBERSHIP REACHES 108,000
GREAT DEPRESSION DEVASTATES GERMAN ECONOMY 1932: HITLER RUNS FOR
PRESIDENT, LOSES, BUT GETS 37% OF VOTE 1933: JANUARY: HITLER NAMED
CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY FEBRUARY: THE REICHSTAG FIRE THE REISCHSTAG
FIRE DECREE PASSED CIVIL LIBERTIES SUSPENDED IN GERMANY THE
ENABLING ACT PASSED HITLER NOW HAS RIGHT TO RULE BY DECREE 1934:
PRESIDENT HINDENBURG DIES HITLER BECOMES FUHRER NIGHT OF THE LONG
KNIVES 1936: GERMANY REOCCUPIES THE RHINELAND
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BASIC GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE: WEIMAR REPUBLIC, GERMANY, 1919 1933
WEIMAR REPUBLIC THE REICHSTAG PRESIDENT HIGH COURT CHANCELLOR
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NAZI SEIZURE OF POWER, 1933-34 1933 JANUARY: HITLER NAMED
CHANCELLOR FEBRUARY: THE REICHSTAG FIRE 1933 REICHSTAG FIRE DECREE
IS PASSED THE ENABLING ACT IS PASSED 1934 PRESIDENT HINDENBURG DIES
HITLER BECOMES FUHRER
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NAZI ORIGINS 1918-19: NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY
(NSDAP) NAZI FORMED WHERE? BAVARIA (S. GERMANY), CITY OF MUNICH IS
FOCUS WHO? DISPLACED / DISGRUNTLED WAR VETERANS FRONTKAMPFER FORMER
FREIKORPS MEN POOR, DISPLACED, UNEMPLOYED WORKERS TRAITS: MILITARY
STYLE ORGANIZATION (UNIFORMS {KHAKI SHIRTS, BOOTS, etc.}, PARADES,
ETC.) ABSOLUTE LOYALTY TO THE PARTY AND NATION WAS SUPREME HIGHLY
RACIST, esp. ANTI-SEMITIC RACIAL IDEOLOGY EMPHASIZED SUPREMACY OF
THE ARYAN RACE POLITICAL IDEAS: GERMANY HAD BEEN BETRAYED BY A
CONSPIRACY OF JEWS & COMMUNISTS @ END OF WWI (STABBED IN THE
BACK THEORY) GERMANY HAD TO REGAIN ITS HONOR HOW?: ERADICATING /
IGONORING THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES TERRITORIAL EXPANSION INTO
NATIONS / LANDS WHERE GERMANY COULD FIND THE RESOURCES IT NEEDED TO
BECOME GREAT AGAIN ELIMINATING / ENSLAVING THOSE RACES INFERIOR TO
THE GERMANS
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NAZI RISE TO POWER: KEY INGREDIENTS RACISM LEBENSRAUM NEEDED
RESENTMENT TO VERSAILLES ECONOMIC DISLOCATION MEDIA &
PROPAGANDA
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NAZI PARTY BASIC BELIEFS & PRINCIPLES
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NAZI IDEOLOGY: BASIC CONCEPTS IDEADEFINITION 1. ERADICATION OF
THE VERSAILLES TREATY 2. UNITY OF ALL GERMANS 3. AUTARKY 4.
LEBENSRAUM 5.SOCIAL DARWINISM 6.JEWISH/COMMUNIST THREAT 7.THE
FUHRER CONCEPT
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NAZI PROPAGANDA KEY ELEMENTS HOW DID THE NAZI PARTY CONVERT
GERMANS TO THEIR IDEAS IN THE 1920s/1930s? PUBLIC
GATHERINGS/RALLIES PUBLIC DISPLAYS: POSTERS, STATUES SIMPLE IDEAS
& SLOGANS FEAR/THREAT OF VIOLENCE MASS MEDIA: RADIO, FILM,
PRINT MEDIA
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EIN VOLK, EIN LAND, EIN FUHRER!!! Translation: One People, One
Nation, One Leader
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ADOLF HITLER, SPEECH PRACTICE PHOTOS
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ADOLF HITLER, SPEECH PRACTICE PHOTO
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NAZI RALLY NUREMBERG, 1934
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NAZI RALLY, NUREMBURG, 1938 (R) SIDEWALK IMAGE, BERLIN, 1936
(BELOW)
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Nazi Propaganda Poster, 1930s: The NSDAP secures the
community.
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Youth serves the Fuhrer.
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ADOLF HITLER PORTRAYED AS THE GERMANIC MESSIAH
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HITLER YOUTH, NUREMBERG, 1938
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LEAGUE OF GERMAN GIRLS CHAPTER, 1937
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60,000 Reich Marks: That is what this person suffering from
hereditary defects costs the German Community during his lifetime.
Fellow citizen that is your money, too. A NEW PEOPLE, OFFICIAL
NSDAP MAGAZINE
GERMAN-AMERICAN BUND RALLY, MADISON SQUARE GARDEN, NYC,
1939
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POWER STRUCTURE, NAZI GERMANY ADOLF HITLER GERMAN MILITARY NAZI
PARTY S.S. and STATE SECURITY AGENCIES NAZI PARTY LEADERSHIP
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Adolf Hitler, Fuhrer of Germany
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ADOLF HITLER
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THE GERMAN MILITARY STRUCTURE GERMAN MILITARY: THE WERMACHT
COMPONENTS: HEER: GERMAN ARMY (INFANTRY, ARMOR, ARTILLERY, etc.)
LUFTWAFFE: GERMAN AIR FORCE (including airborne /paratrooper units)
WAFFEN SS: SS COMBAT UNITS (infantry, armor, military police)
SERVED IN COMBAT ALONG W/ ARMY KRIEGSMARINE: GERMAN NAVY POINTS OF
NOTE: THERE IS NO MARINE TYPE OF ORGANIZATION IN THE GERMAN
MILITARY STRUCTURE, UNLIKE THE U.S. (USMC) OR THE U.K. (ROYAL
MARINES) ALL AIRBORNE (PARATROOPER) UNITS IN THE WERMACHT WERE PART
OF THE LUFTWAFFE, NOT THE GERMAN ARMY. THIS IS DISTINCTIVE FROM
MANY NATIONS (U.S., U.K., RUSSIA, etc.) WHERE AIRBORNE UNITS ARE
ALMOST ALWAYS A DIVISION OF THE ARMY
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WWII GERMAN WERMACHT STRUCTURE LUFTWAFFEKRIEGSMARINE
HEERWAFFEN-SS
UNIQUE GERMAN MILITARY TERMS SCHWERPUNKT Focus of an attack
BATTLEFIELD STRATEGY DEVELOPED BY GERMANY IN THE LATE 1930s A
COMBINED-ARMS METHOD OF WARFARE EMPLOYING A COMBINATION OF THE
FOLLOWING ELEMENTS: ARMOR AIR POWER AIRBORNE UNITS INFANTRY
MOBILITY & ASSAULT ARTILLERY BASED ON THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES
NEUTRALIZING ENEMY AIR POWER AT THE OUTSET OF ANY CAMPAIGN USE OF
AIRBORNE ELEMENTS TO DISRUPT ENEMEY COMMUNICATIONS & RESERVE
SUPPORT SIMULTANEOUS USE OF INFANTRY ASSAULT, TANK (PANZER) ASSAULT
& ARTILLERY SUPPORT TO NEUTRALIZE ENEMYS MOBILITY ARMORED
THRUST (PUNCH)THROUGH ENEMY LINES TO PENETRATE INTO ENEMY RESERVE
AREAS ULITMATE GOAL: ENCIRCLEMENT OF ENEMY UNITS, DESTRUCTION OF
UNITS, AND BREAKOUT INTO OPEN COUNTRYSIDE ARMOR, INFANTRY MOBILITY
CAN THEN BE USED TO DISRUPT ENEMYS ABILITY TO RECOVER CALLED
BLITZKRIEG (translation = LIGHTNING WAR )BY ENGLISH & WESTERN
MEDIA
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GENERAL HEINZ GUDERIAN, GERMAN ARMY; Considered the author /
creator of Blitzkrieg warfare
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Basic Blitzkrieg Battle Sequence
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BLITZKRIEG: noun : war conducted with great speed and force;
specifically: a violent surprise offensive by massed air forces and
mechanized ground forces in close coordination Definition from
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
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SCHWERPUNKT MEANING: noun: The point of focus; an area of
concentrated effort, especially in a military operation. ETYMOLOGY:
From German Schwerpunkt(center of gravity, focal point), from
schwer (weighty) + punkt (point)
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THE INVASION OF POLAND When? September 1, 1939 Causes:
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Treaty (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)
allowed Germans to invade from the West Soviets invade from East on
Sept. 17 th Hitlers belief in need for German Lebensraum Hitlers
racial theory: Poles were Slavic people, therefore they were target
for enslavement or extermination Poland had large Jewish population
they would be targeted for extermination The Polish Corridor issue
(See map) Polish Corridor problem tied to Hitlers belief in
unification of all German people (like the Sudetenland) Long-range
goal: Poland would provide preparation area for eventual invasion
of Russia Non-aggression treaty would lull Stalin into believing
Soviet borders were secure
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INVASION OF POLAND (contd.) DATES: Sept. 1, 1939 Oct. 1, 1939
TRIATS: Germans use Blitzkrieg tactics to overwhelm the Poles
Polish forces are obsolete and planning on a defensive strategy
Poles do not anticipate fighting a two-front war (never anticipated
Russian invasion from East) WHY ARE GERMANS SUCCESSFUL? Poles have
no adequate forces in the following areas: Aircraft (WWI-style
planes) Armor German Panzer units are more advanced / modern
Inexperience: Poles are less battle-tested than German troops
Geography: Polish terrain is ideal for Blitzkrieg tactics (flat
land, few major cities) Russian invasion ruins Polish defense plans
Poles trust alliance guarantees from French and British -Expect
Western allies will attack Germans and force Germany into two-front
war RESULTS: Poland ceases to exist as sovereign nation Poland
divided between Germany and Soviet Union German military gains
valuable combat experience Blitzkrieg continues to improve Germans
learn lessons Germans are better prepared for 1940 attack on France
Surviving Polish forces flee to Britain Polish Government-in-Exile
is formed Polish military / air units formed as part of British
military OTHER ISSUES: The Holocaust begins in full-force
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INVASION OF POLAND, SEPTEMBER, 1939
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GERMAN ARMORED UNITS AND COMMAND VEHICLES
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German Army units crossing the Polish border, 9/1/39
Waffen-SS Panzergrenadier with standard combat equipment
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WAFFEN SS GRENADIERS
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THE PHONY WAR, 1939-40 When? October, 1939 May, 1940 Where?
Western Europe, specifically France-Germany border areas What ?
Period of little, or no, military activity / action between Germans
and Western allies (French, British, Dutch, etc.) Sporadic military
probing maneuvers on the border while Germans transfer forces from
the East to West German build-up of forces in West is rapid Some
limited air action Symbol of the period: Frances MAGINOT LINE
(define) Result? Germans have time to adequately plan for invasion
of France French led to believe that the Maginot Line will deter
Germans from an invasion Called the Maginot Mentality Misguided
belief that fixed fortifications could discourage, and prevent, a
successful invasion British grow less confident in French military
competence
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Underground Rail System inside the Maginot Line
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MAGINOT LINE CUTAWAY
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1940 Invasion of France and The Low Countries
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THE INVASION OF FRANCE WHEN? May - June, 1940 WHERE? FRANCE,
BELGIUM, HOLLAND (The Netherlands) WHO? AXIS: GERMANY, ITALY
ALLIES: FRANCE, U.K, CANADA, BELGIUM, HOLLAND, etc. OPPOSING
FORCES: AXIS: 141 WERMACHT DIVISIONS 3,350,000 TROOPS 2,445 TANKS
5,638 AIRCRAFT 7,378 ARTILLERY ALLIES: 144 DIVISIONS 3,300,000
TROOPS 3,384 TANKS 2,935 AIRCRAFT 13,974 GUNS CASUALTIES: AXIS:
49,000 KIA, 110,034 WIA ALLIES: 360,000 KIA & WIA; 1.9 MILLION
CAPTURED
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RESULTS REMAINDER OF FRENCH & BRIT. ARMIES ARE SURROUNDED
& EVACUATED FROM DUNKIRK FRANCE & LOW COUNTRIES NOW PART OF
NAZI EMPIRE FRANCE DIVIDED INTO TWO PRIMARY OCCUPATION ZONES:
NORTHERN FRANCE: GERMAN ZONE SOUTHERN FRANCE: VICHY FRANCE w/
PUPPET GOVT. SET IN VICHY FRANCE GERMANS NOW HAVE GOOD STAGING
GROUND FOR POSSIBLE INVASION OF BRITAIN BRITAIN IS ISOLATED FROM
THE REST OF EUROPE HITLER CAN NOW CONCENTRATE HIS FORCES TO THE
EAST FOR PLANNED RUSSIAN INVASION
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GERMAN INFANTRY WITH FRENCH PRISONERS
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Plan of Fort Eben Emael, Belgium (top view)
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EBEN EMAEL FROM EAST BANK OF ALBERT CANAL
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GERMAN LUFTWAFFE RECRUITING POSTERS
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GERMAN FALLSCHIRMJAGER GLIDER
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LUFTWAFFE GLIDER DURING TRAINING MANEUVERS
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GERMAN PARAS DURING TRAINING MANEUVERS
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JUNKERS Ju-52 TRANSPORT PLANE
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JUNKERS Ju-52 TRANSPORT
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GERMAN PARATROOPERS CELEBRATE THE FALL OF EBEN EMAEL, 1940
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HITLER CONGRATULATES FALLSCHIRMJAGR AT EBEN EMAEL
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EVACUATION FROM DUNKIRK
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ALLIED TROOPS BEING EVACUATED FROM DUNKIRK
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DUNKIRK EVACUATION
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GERMAN TROOPS MARCH PAST THE ARC de TRIOMPHE, PARIS, JUNE,
1940
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HITLER AND STAFF OFFICERS IN FRONT OF THE EIFFEL TOWER, PARIS,
FRANCE, JUNE, 1940