German & Italian Unification

I. Why Unify Germany?

A. NationalismB. Common Language - GermanC. Common Religion - ChristianityD. Common History & Customs

1 – food2 - clothing

PRUSSIA

II. First Steps Toward German Unification

• Impact of Napoleon

• The Zollverein

• 1848 Frankfurt Assembly

III. Bismarck Architect of German Unity

• Bismarck “Iron” Chancellor

• Realpolitik = tough

politics “the end justifies

the means”

• Uses “Blood and Iron”= war

and industry to unite German states

• Makes alliances with Russia and Italy to isolate France

Realpolitik in Action• Seven Weeks War – Prussia defeats Austria

and unifies northern Germany• EMS Dispatch - false reports of insults angers French Emperor• Franco-Prussian War Prussia gets Alsace & Lorraine 1871 Versailles–William I becomes Kaiser of Germany• Germany is strongest nation on the continent

France

Germany

I-WHY UNIFY ITALY???

B-NATIONALISM-every ethnicgroup wants to have and govern their own nation

A- Common ethnicity = history, customs, language & religion

First Steps Toward Unification

• 1848 The Risorgimento = nationalist uprisings failed

• Mazzini – founded secret society of Young Italy with “Ideas grow quickly when watered by the blood of martyrs.”

• Cavour – Victor Emmanuel’s Prime Minister (Sardinia). Improved Sardinia’s economy, free trade. Defeated Austria and annexed Lombardy

"RED SHIRTS" A-GARIBALDI'S "RED SHIRTS" UNITE SOUTHERN ITALY.

B-French and Austrians are driven out of northern Italy

C-Pope agrees to give up some land

D-VICTOR EMMANUEL AGREES TO BE KING IN 1871 Type of Gov???

Garibaldi

F-MILLIONS EMIGRATE FOR THE U.S.

Italy is united, but a weak nationIndustrial North vs. Agrarian South