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Geothermal greenhouses –The Dutch case

Low temperatures – High performance

Agenda

• Introduction TNO• Geothermal energy ‘ the Earth’s heat’ • The current state of geothermal energy worldwide• Being practical: High and low temperature geothermal

energy• High temperature geothermal in Indonesia• Best practices of the Netherlands• Exporting experience: Making geothermal energy p g p g g gy

more effective worldwide

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Introducing TNO’s 5 core areas

TNO Quality of life

TNO Defence, Security and Safety

TNO Built environment and Geo-Sciences

TNO Information and Communication Technology

TNO Science andTechnology

Geo-Energy and Geo-Information

- Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

- Geothermal Energy

Use of renewable energy sources which emit no (or little) CO2

Using the earth’s heat

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What is geothermal energy?

• The earth’s heat = Radioactive decay of yelements

• Average global geothermal gradient = 30 ˚C/km

Emission Scenarios

By 2050 10% of all renewables is estimated to be covered by geothermal energy (MIT/TNO)

Geothermal can contribute up to 2-3% of total CO2 emission reduction

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Heatflow in the continental lithosphere‘Ring of fire’

MIT-report (2008) EGS can foresee on 10% of electricity demand in 2050

Geothermal WorldwideBleiswijk (The Netherlands)

Blue Lagoon (Iceland)

West Ford Flat (California)

Kamojang,(Indonesia)

Larderello, 1904 (Italy)

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Geo-sausage

Current Geothermal Energy plants in the world

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Geothermal Potential World-wide (IGA,2001)

Conversions of power costs into CO2 reduction costs

Renewable Technology

Extra Costs

Coal(Tonne

Natural GasTonne

Coal $/Tonne C)

Natural Gas

Carbon Intensity Displaced Cost of CO2 Reduction

Technology Costs($/MWh)

(Tonne-C/MWh)

Tonne-C/MWh

$/Tonne-C) Gas$/Tonne-C)

Biomass gasification or other advanced

biomass

$10.00 0.264 0.090 $37.93 $111.11

Wind $10.00 0.264 0.090 $37.93 $111.11

Geothermal $7 00 0 264 0 090 $26 55 $77 78Geothermal $7.00 0.264 0.090 $26.55 $77.78

Solar Thermal $47.00 0.264 0.090 $178.28 $522.22

Solar Photo-voltaics $14.00 0.264 0.090 $53.10 $155.56

Treepower (2008)

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Self-sufficiency and savings

• Renewables like geothermal energy allow countries to become less dependent on fossil fuels

• Rising gas and oil prices make geothermal energy economically viable

• In rural areas geothermal allows modern energy services to be available and creates employment

• In urban areas clean energy supply for e.g. city heating/air-diti iconditioning

European Geothermal Energy Council

EU objectives for 2010

Current trend

EGEC target

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The geothermal energy family

Summarizing

• Geothermal Electricity (high temperature)

• Geothermal Heating (low temperature)

High temperature geothermal energyTo generate electricity

The geothermal energy family : High Temperature

• Location: West Java• Surface area:100 km2

• Proved 1926• Production 1983- to date

For instance: Indonesia

• Potential: 26000 MW • Currently installed: 1000 MW

• Steam production >200 ˚C• 200 MWe

• Proposed program: 4800 MW;• Generates over 800.000 jobs • Expected benefits 600 mln - 1 bln

based on current price levels

(Bappenas, 2009)

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The geothermal energy family

High temperature geothermal energyT t l t i itTo generate electricity

However, don’t forget:

Low temperature geothermal energyDirect utilization for e.g. city heating, greenhouses and food conservation

The geothermal energy family: Low temperature

Large potential in low-temperature geothermal energy in the Netherlands

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Heating greenhouses with geothermal technology

Temperature 60 ˚C

Flow rate 160 m3/h

Capacity 4-5 MWth

Heating 7 ha of tomato green house

Avoiding 3 million m3 of gas per yr

Investment costs

6 mEur

Supplying a neighborhood with geothermal heat

• 3800 houses• 2000 m2 office space• Cooperating with municipality, housing associations, energy

companies• Realization 2009 - 2011

The Hague South-Westg

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Exporting experience: Making geothermal energy more effective worldwide

Merging high-temperature practices with low temperature possibilities for maximum efficiency

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Thank you for your attention

TNO and geothermal energy

• ThermoGis: Database-application that maps the subsurface for defining potential locations for geothermal energy and their specific characteristics.

• Techno-Economic Performance Analysis tool (feasibility study)

• Geo-mechanic monitoring: subsurface movement, risk g ,assessment