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Geotechnics (not only) of SwitzerlandMajor railroad constructionsGotthard base tunnel (GBT)
Bastian Bommer-Denss
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
2
Overall context
> The new transalpine rail routes (NEAT - Neue Eisenbahn-Alpentransversale)
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
Bundesamt für Verkehr BAV
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
3
Overall context
> The new Gotthard rail link (longer, flatter and faster)
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
Bundesamt für Verkehr BAV
(2016/17)
(2019)
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
4
Geological context
> Gotthard base tunnel – Geological profile
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
AlpTransit Gotthard AGDie Zeit 42/2010
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
5
Geotechnical problems
> Preliminary study 1992
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
AlpTransit Gotthard AGTunnel 4/2004
- 950 m- Partially
squeezing rock -> comprising sheared and folded Serizit phyllites (cataclasite)
- 2910 m- Extreme
squeezing rock -> intensively crumbled, kakiritic mica gneisses, mica slates and mica phyllites
- 400 m- Talus material
from rockfall-> unconsoli-dated rock
- 150 - 250 m- Liquid rock with
high water pressure-> sugar-grained Dolomite
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
6
Geotechnical problems
> Sedrun Part-Section
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
AlpTransit Gotthard AGTunnel 4/2004
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
7
Geotechnical problems
> Sedrun Part-Section
Content Overall context
Geological context Methode VorgehenGeotechnical
problems Ergebnisse Zeitplan
AlpTransit Gotthard AGTunnel 4/2004
TZM North
-Geotechnically trickiest section
-1 km long, with 1000 m overburden
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
8
Geotechnical problems
> Sedrun Part-Section
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
AlpTransit Gotthard AGTunnel 4/2004
Geol. exploration-Five exploratory drillings-One penetrated the entire TZM=> Intensively crumbled, kakiritic micas
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
9
Geotechnical problems
> Sedrun Part-Section
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
Tagungsband Swiss Tunnel Congress 2008Tunnel 4/2004
Information about the danger patterns
Triaxial testsExtreme squeezing behaviourcapacity to close the cavityLoosening phenomena and caving behaviour at the face and on the fringeSecuring the cavity
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
10
Geotechnical problems
> Sedrun Part-Section
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
Cavity support-to resist large permissible deformations of up to 70 cm radiallyDeformable steel arches (double ring) every 1 m, 66 cm or 33 cmAnchoring system with radial anchors of up to 12 m in length
Tunnel 4/2004, Swiss Tunnel Congress 2008, IUT’ 02
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
11
Geotechnical problems
> Sedrun Part-Section
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
Choice driving method
-Conventional driving with tunnel excavators (shovels, picks and ripper teeth)
On account of squeezing rock
AlpTransit Gotthard AGIUT’02
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
12
Geotechnical problems
> Situation 2010
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
AlpTransit Gotthard AGTunnel 4/2004
- 950 m- Partially
squeezing rock -> comprising sheared and folded Serizit phyllites (cataclasite)
- 1000 m- Extreme
squeezing rock -> intensively crumbled, kakiritic mica gneisses, mica slates and mica phyllites
- 400 m- Talus material
from rockfall-> unconsoli-dated rock
- 150 - 250 m- Liquid rock with
high water pressure-> sugar-grained Dolomite
- Difficult Intschi zone crossed without problem with an average daily advance of 6 m by TBM (6/2004)
- Squeezing Rock Conditions Successfully Overcome: breakthrough took place nine months ahead of schedule (TZM)(10/2007)
- Piora syncline definitively and successfully mastered with an average daily advance of 10 to 12 m by TBM. The rock was stable. No deformations and no water. (2/2009)
- Firsts breakthrough in the GBT with special driving method (11/2002)
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
13
Geotechnical problems
> Unexpected 2003
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
AlpTransit Gotthard AGTunnel 4/2004
- Fault zone: Squeezing rock in Faido multifunction station (1/2003)
Investigating fault zone Redisposition of the FMS 24 months delay additional costs of 500 million
CHF
10. April 2023
Major railroad constructions: Gotthard base tunnel (GBT)
14
Costs
> The Costs of the AlpTransit Gotthard Project (2010)
Total costs: CHF 13.157 billion (Gotthard route with the Gotthard and Ceneri Base Tunnels)
Content Overall context
Geological context CostsGeotechnical
problems
AlpTransit Gotthard AGKurzfassung NEAT-Standbericht 2010 / I
Thank you! Questions?