GEOTECHNICAL DESKTOP STUDY, POWER CABLE …

FUGRO CONSULTANTS, INC.

GEOTECHNICAL DESKTOP STUDY, POWER CABLE REPLACEMENT, ELLWOOD ONSHORE FACILITY

TO PLATFORM HOLLY, SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL

Prepared for: VENOCO, INC.

July 2012 Fugro Job No. 04.76120017

July 13, 2012 Project No. 04.76120017

Venoco, Inc. 6267 Carpinteria Avenue Carpinteria, California 93014

Attention: Mr. Bob Manning

Subject: Geotechnical Desktop Study, Power Cable Replacement, Ellwood Onshore Facility to Platform Holly, Santa Barbara Channel

Dear Mr. Manning:

Fugro is pleased to present this geotechnical desktop study summarizing anticipated geotechnical conditions along the proposed power cable replacement alignment between Venoco's Ellwood Onshore Facility and Platform Holly. The purpose of the geotechnical desktop study is to evaluate the significance of various potential geotechnical issues that may affect the permitting, planning, design, construction, and operation of the project and to help guide the scope of work for future investigation phases.

This geotechnical desktop study was completed in accordance with our Proposal No. 04.20120219, dated June 13, 2012. The work performed was authorized by Venoco's PSO No. BM12-014, dated June 19, 2012. Work performed by Fugro for the marine survey portion of the project will be provided under separate authorization and reported under separate cover.

Thank you for the opportunity to provide geotechnical services to Venoco for the power cable replacement project. Please call if you have any questions on the information presented herein.

Sincerely,


Lori E. Prentice, CEG 2312 Principal Engineering Geologist

Reviewed By:

Gregory S. Denlinger, G.E. Principal Geotechnical Engineer

Copies Submitted: (2) Addressee and Pdf


4820 McGrath Street, Suite 100 Ventura, California 93003-7778

Tel: (805) 650-7000 Fax: (805) 650-7010

A member of the Fugro group of companies with offices throughout the world.

Venoco, Inc. July 13, 2012 (Project No. 04.76120017)

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CONTENTS

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Project Description ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Work Scope ..................................................................................................... 2

1.3.1 Data Review ......................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Field Reconnaissance .......................................................................... 2 1.3.3 Geohazard Evaluation .......................................................................... 2 1.3.4 Reporting ............................................................................................. 2

1.4 Authorization .................................................................................................... 2

2.0 DATA SOURCES ..................................................................................................... 3

3.0 FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 3

3.1 Site Conditions ................................................................................................ 3 3.1.1 General ................................................................................................ 3 3.1.2 Regional Geologic Setting .................................................................... 3 3.1.3 Local Geologic Setting ......................................................................... 4 3.1.4 Earth Materials ..................................................................................... 4 3.1.5 Groundwater ........................................................................................ 5 3.1.6 Anticipated Subsurface Conditions at the Horizontal Directional Drilled

Shore Crossing .................................................................................... 5 3.1.7 Offshore Bathymetry and Seafloor Conditions ...................................... 6 3.1.8 Oil and Gas Seeps ............................................................................... 6 3.1.9 Existing Platform Holly Infrastructure .................................................... 6 3.1.10 Seafloor Obstructions ........................................................................... 6

4.0 GEOHAZARDS ........................................................................................................ 7

4.1 Seismicity and Seismic Hazards ...................................................................... 7 4.1.1 General ................................................................................................ 7 4.1.2 Active and Potentially Active Faults ...................................................... 7 4.1.3 Other Faults ......................................................................................... 8 4.1.4 Ground Rupture ................................................................................... 8 4.1.5 Ground Shaking ................................................................................... 8 4.1.6 Historical Seismicity ............................................................................. 9 4.1.7 Liquefaction, Seismically Induced Settlement, and Lateral Spreading .. 9

4.2 Coastal Processes ........................................................................................... 9 4.2.1 Sediment Transport Processes ............................................................ 9 4.2.2 Submarine Slumps, Slides, and Debris Flows ...................................... 9

4.3 Natural Hydrocarbon Seeps ............................................................................. 10

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 10

5.1 General ............................................................................................................ 10 5.2 Cut-and-cover Alignment ................................................................................. 10 5.3 HDD Construction Considerations ................................................................... 10


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CONTENTS-CONTINUED

Page

5.3.1 General ................................................................................................ 10 5.3.2 Processes ............................................................................................ 11 5.3.3 Subsurface Conditions ......................................................................... 12

5.4 Seafloor Cable Alignment ................................................................................ 13 5.5 Recommendations ........................................................................................... 13

6.0 LIMITATIONS ........................................................................................................... 14

7.0 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 15

TABLE

Page

1 Active and Potentially Active Faults ....................................................................... 7

PLATES

Plate

Location Map .................................................................................................................... 1 Onshore and Offshore Geology ........................................................................................ 2a Key to Onshore and Offshore Geology ............................................................................. 2b Onshore Geologic Map ..................................................................................................... 3 Fault Map .......................................................................................................................... 4 Subsea Conditions ............................................................................................................ 5 Interpreted Subsurface Conditions .................................................................................... 6 Sediment Transport .......................................................................................................... 7

APPENDIX

APPENDIX A DRILL HOLE LOG (FUGRO, 2011) AND MONITORING WELL LOGS (JACOB & HEFNER ASSOCIATES)


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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

As part of routine repair and maintenance, Venoco, Inc. (Venoco) proposes to replace the existing 46-year-old sub-sea power cable between the existing Ellwood Onshore Facility (EOF) and Platform Holly. The project location is shown on Plate 1 - Location Map

The replacement power cable will be sized as a like-in-kind replacement to provide similar capacity, but it will have larger conductors to reduce voltage loss and save energy, and it will utilize newer fiber optics technology for improved voice and data signals. The replacement alignment will follow the general route of the existing cable alignment. The proposed project consists of replacing about 15,900 feet (3 miles) of power cable between the EOF and Platform Holly using a combination of cut-and-cover trenching, horizontal directional drilling (HDD), and seafloor-lay construction techniques as described below.

• Cut-and-cover trenching will be used to construct the onshore segment of the cable alignment. The onshore segment will initiate at the existing onshore Holly supply transformer at the EOF and extend about 200 feet to the southwest to the HDD access construction pit located along the north-south trending access roadway west of the EOF fence line. The trench is proposed to be about 2 feet wide and 3 to 4 feet deep along this segment of the alignment. Following construction, the trench will be backfilled to the ground surface and any improvements affected by construction such as roadways and/or sidewalks will be replaced.

• HDD will be used to install the shore crossing for the alignment. The 2,200-foot-long HDD bore will commence in the HDD access pit west of the EOF fence line and extend southward beneath the beach and surf zone to a seafloor exit pit located about 1,400 feet offshore. Conceptually, the HDD alignment will initiate at the onshore HDD pit at about elevation (el.) +8 feet Mean Higher High Water (MLLW), pass beneath the beach/shore about 70 feet below the ground surface (el. -70 feet MLLW), and exit on the seafloor in about 30 feet of water (about el. -25 feet MLLW). The completed HDD drill hole is proposed to be 18-inches in diameter through which a 10-inch-diameter high density polypropylene (HDPE) power cable conduit will be pulled into place by the drilling equipment from a barge positioned offshore. The replacement cable then will be pulled through the HDPE conduit from the sea toward the landfall.

• The seafloor portion of the alignment extends about 13,500 feet from the HDD exit pit (about el. -25 feet MLLW) to Platform Holly (el. -205 feet MLLW). This portion of the power cable will be laid on the seafloor by a construction barge. The cable will be laid in a serpentine manner to provide for future repair and/or maintenance of the cable if necessary. The seafloor-lay portion of the alignment likely will be covered with seafloor sediment over time by natural processes as has occurred with the existing power cable. At Platform Holly, the replacement cable will be routed up the platform structure to the tie-in point on the platform.


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1.2 PURPOSE

The purpose of the geotechnical desktop study is to evaluate the significance of various potential geotechnical issues that may affect the permitting, planning, design, construction, and operation of the project and to help guide the scope of work for future geotechnical/geologic investigation phases.

1.3 WORK SCOPE

The work scope for the geotechnical desktop study consisted of reviewing existing readily available data, performing a site reconnaissance of the onshore crossing and landing area to observe existing near-surface geologic conditions, conducting preliminary evaluations of geologic hazards that may affect the project, and preparing this desktop report. Subsurface exploration was not part of this scope of work.

1.3.1 Data Review

We reviewed readily available data from previous geoscience studies performed in the project's vicinity for the seep tent pipeline and the EOF. We also reviewed published geologic maps and land and marine survey data for the project area, selected geotechnical data, and aerial photographs available in our files.

1.3.2 Field Reconnaissance

We performed a visual site reconnaissance to observe conditions in the vicinity of the proposed onshore construction alignment and the shore crossing on July 6, 2012.

1.3.3 Geohazard Evaluation

Geologic and geotechnical information from the data review and field reconnaissance were evaluated to characterize the potential geologic and geotechnical conditions along the proposed alignment, the seismicity and seismic setting, and the potential for geohazards (such as faulting, ground rupture, liquefaction, settlement, landsliding, slope instability, and lateral spreading) to affect the project.

1.3.4 Reporting

The findings from the data review relative to anticipated subsurface soil conditions along the alignment, geotechnical considerations for construction of the alignment, and potential geohazards that may affect the alignment are summarized in this geotechnical desktop report. General recommendations for a design-level geotechnical study are also provided for consideration if the project proceeds to design. Subsurface exploration to substantiate the findings from the data review was not included in the current scope of work.

1.4 AUTHORIZATION

This study was completed in accordance with our Proposal No. 04.20120219, dated June 13, 2012. The work performed for the desktop study was authorized by Venoco's PSO No. BM12-014, dated June 19, 2012.

Work performed by Fugro for the marine survey portion of the project will be provided under separate authorization and submitted under separate cover.


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2.0 DATA SOURCES

We reviewed readily available published geologic maps, select geotechnical data, and selected published geologic reports for the desktop study area. The following information sources were reviewed to obtain subsurface data and geological interpretations of the conditions in the study area:

• Onshore geologic mapping by Dibblee (1987) and CDMG (2000) • Offshore geologic mapping by CDMG (1987-1989) • Offshore seafloor mapping by MBARI (2012) • Site-specific geotechnical and environmental reports and data in the study area,

including unpublished reports for Venoco's line 96 project (Fugro, 2011), the seep tent pipeline (Woodward-Clyde, 1982), and Jacob & Hefner Associates (2012)

• Selected marine survey and geophysical data for Arco State Lease 3120 by Pelagos Corporation (1984)

3.0 FINDINGS

3.1 SITE CONDITIONS

3.1.1 General

The Ellwood and South Ellwood Offshore oil fields have been active since the 1930s. Historical oilfield development has consisted of roadways, buildings, tanks, onshore and offshore wells, piers that extended offshore to provide access to wells, pipelines, etc. Based on data review and site reconnaissance, many of the early facilities no longer exist and are no longer visible at the ground surface. The historical facilities may have been removed entirely or may have been abandoned in place. Facilities/improvements such as pilings, pipelines, and well casings likely were abandoned by cutting them off at or below the ground surface. We observed evidence of nearly vertical large-diameter wooden pilings protruding through the beach sand in the wave run-up zone near the western limits of the slough area during our site reconnaissance. Also, our data review of marine surveys in the project area indicate the presence of magnetic anomalies that could be related to abandoned wells, various unidentified seafloor objects, and remnants of old piers in the project vicinity.

3.1.2 Regional Geologic Setting

The Goleta and Santa Barbara Channel area is located within the western portion of the Transverse Ranges geologic/geomorphic province of California. That province is locally dominated by the east-west trending Santa Ynez Mountain Range that extends continuously for about 75 miles from Point Conception eastward into Ventura County. The Santa Ynez Mountains, adjacent lowlands, and offshore Santa Barbara Channel areas are comprised of sedimentary rocks and soil materials ranging in age from Cretaceous to recent.

Structural geology in the Santa Barbara and Goleta areas consists of a south-dipping homocline and adjacent gently sloping coastal plain cut by a series of sub-parallel east-west trending faults and folds that are the result of north-south compressional tectonics. The faults and folds roughly parallel the Santa Ynez Mountains to the north and extend into the Santa Barbara Channel south of the coastline. Regional onshore and offshore geologic mapping by CDMG (1987-1989 and 2000) is presented on Plate 2a - Onshore and Offshore Geology.


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Onshore geologic mapping of the project vicinity by Dibblee (1987) is presented on Plate 3 - Onshore Geologic Map, and faults proximal to the project area are indicated on Plate 4 - Fault Map.

3.1.3 Local Geologic Setting

The approximately 3-mile-long power cable alignment extends from the onshore EOF southward to Platform Holly in the Santa Barbara Channel (Plate 1). The EOF is located near the mouth of the southerly draining Bell Canyon and is underlain by alluvial sediments as mapped by Dibblee (1987) and shown on Plate 3. Dibblee also indicates that the alluvial sediments are in turn, underlain by bedrock of the Tertiary Monterey Formation described as thinly bedded, brittle shale and siliceous shale. Isaacs (1981) describes the Monterey Formation within the Ellwood Beach area as consisting of siliceous shale, chert, porcellanite, calcareous shale, diatomaceous shale, and mudstone. Dibble maps a westerly-trending synclinal axis near the coastal bluff/beach area along the project alignment. North of the axis (in the vicinity of the EOF) the bedrock dips southward at about 50 to 55 degrees; south of the synclinal axis, the bedrock dips to the north at about 40 to 45 degrees.

The geologic conditions offshore between the EOF and Platform Holly have been mapped by the CDMG (1987-1989) as consisting of Tertiary bedrock (Monterey Formation) over the majority of the alignment and Quaternary sedimentary bedrock (Sisquoc Shale) over the southern-most portion of the alignment (Plate 2a). The Sisquoc Shale is described as consisting of silty diatomaceous claystone. Geophysical mapping by Woodward-Clyde (1982) indicates that the offshore bedrock materials are overlain sediments that vary in thickness along the existing alignment. Woodward-Clyde indicates that the sediments thicken shoreward from about 10 feet thick at Platform Holly to about 46 feet thick at the northernmost extent of their survey (Plate 5 - Subsea Conditions). Woodward-Clyde also identified an area of thickened sediment along the alignment that is about 56 feet thick north of the platform.

The Santa Barbara Channel is an offshore west-northwest trending geomorphic basin that extends from the Santa Ynez Mountains to the north to the Channel Islands to the south and from Point Conception to the west to the Hueneme Canyon offshore of the Santa Clara River delta in east Ventura County. Structurally, the Santa Barbara Channel area is an offshore extension of onshore oil fields within the Ventura Basin. Oil and gas production has occurred from the Santa Barbara Channel and along the shoreline since the early 1900s.

3.1.4 Earth Materials

Based on our data review and site reconnaissance, the onshore near-surface earth materials along the replacement alignment are anticipated to consist of loose to medium dense sandy silt, silty sand, and sand and soft to medium stiff clay and clayey silt of alluvial origin. The alluvial sediments in the vicinity of the alignment are overlain by artificial fill that may be several feet to 10 feet thick. The fill materials were likely derived from the underlying alluvial sediments and placed as part of the development of the EOF or other previous site uses. The alluvial soils are underlain by thinly bedded bedrock of the Monterey Formation that may be 50 feet or more below the ground surface along the proposed onshore portion of the cable alignment based on data from Fugro (2011). Logs of drill holes from Fugro (2011) and monitoring wells from Jacob & Hefner (2010) performed at the EOF are provided in Appendix A.


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Offshore, the earth materials are anticipated to consist of unconsolidated sediments overlying bedrock of the Monterey Formation along the majority of the offshore cable alignment. CDMG (1987-1989) indicates that the southern-most portion of the alignment is underlain at depth by bedrock of the Sisquoc Shale as shown on Plate 2a. Woodward-Clyde (1982) indicates that the seafloor sediments vary in thickness, ranging from about 46 feet thick about 2,200 feet south of the HDD exit pit (the northern-most extent of their survey) to about 10 feet thick near the platform. Woodward-Clyde also maps a sediment-filled "basin-like feature" about 8,500 feet north of Platform Holly suggesting that the thickened basin may be related to an uneven bedrock erosional surface. It is also possible that the basin may be related to faulting within the channel. The approximate location of the basin is shown on Plate 5.

3.1.5 Groundwater

The EOF is located on an alluvial terrace that is east of the active Bell Canyon drainage. The terrace is relatively flat-lying and elevated about 10 feet above the drainage. The mouth of Bell Canyon at the coastline forms a tidally-influenced back-bay slough-type area that retains water. Review of the drill-hole log for DH-1 advanced near the entrance to the EOF by Fugro (2011) and monitoring wells MW-5 and MW-6 advanced by Jacob & Hefner (2010) indicates that groundwater was encountered at depths of about 14 to 18 feet below the ground surface at those locations at the time of drilling. Groundwater may be about 16 feet below the ground surface near the HDD initiation pit (Jacob & Hefner, 2010).

3.1.6 Anticipated Subsurface Conditions at the Horizontal Directional Drilled Shore Crossing

Subsurface conditions along the HDD alignment is likely to consist of a varying thickness of unconsolidated soil materials (artificial fill, alluvial sediments, and seafloor sediments) overlying bedrock of the Monterey Formation. Our interpretation of the potential subsurface conditions along the HDD alignment is shown on Plate 6 - Interpreted Subsurface Conditions along HDD Alignment.

Based on our review of the limited data available:

• The soil materials may be about 50 feet or more thick in the vicinity of the HDD initiation pit at the EOF. Those soils overlie south-dipping bedrock of the Monterey Formation;

• The soil materials (unconsolidated sediments) may be about 45 feet thick in the vicinity of the HDD seafloor exit pit (Woodward-Clyde, 1982) and overlie north-dipping Monterey Formation bedrock;

• The thickness of the soil materials/depth of bedrock may be variable along the alignment;

• Based on Dibblee (1987), the HDD alignment crosses a westerly-trending synclinal axis about 700 feet south of the initiation pit (near the bluff/shore crossing). North of the axis, the bedrock dips southward and south of the axis, the bedrock dips northward (Plate 6).


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• Depending upon the thickness of the soil materials and the elevation of the top of the bedrock, the HDD alignment may be constructed primarily within soil materials, bedrock, or a combination of the two; and

• Groundwater may be at about 16 feet below the ground surface near the HDD initiation pit.

3.1.7 Offshore Bathymetry and Seafloor Conditions

The offshore replacement cable alignment is located within the 3- to 3.5-mile-wide, gently sloping (about 1 degree to the southwest), upper portion of the shallow shelf physiographic region of the Santa Barbara Channel. Water depths range from sea level at the beach to about -300 feet MLLW at the shelf-break as indicated on Plates 1, 4, and 5.

The large subsea Goleta landslide complex is located about 1.5 miles southwest of Platform Holly (Plates 1, 2a, 4, and 5). The headscarp area is coincident with the shelf-break and is about 500 feet high based on the bathymetric data presented on Plates 4 and 5. Seafloor mapping by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI, 2012) indicates that the landslide complex is about 9 miles wide and 6 miles long. According to Fisher (2005), the landslide complex is composed of sediment that accumulated along a shelf-edge delta that subsequently failed and two of the three main lobes are 8,000 to 10,000 years old.

3.1.8 Oil and Gas Seeps

Oil and gas seeps are common in the offshore Coal Oil Point area and have been mapped within the project limits. Woodward-Clyde (1982) mapped two areas of gas seeps within the unconsolidated sediments along the project alignment between Platform Holly and the shore based on geophysical data collected for their study. They indicated that the most notable seep area was coincident with the sediment infilled basin feature described previously. The approximate locations of mapped oil and gas seeps are shown on Plate 5.

3.1.9 Existing Platform Holly Infrastructure

Infrastructure associated with Platform Holly consists of the existing power cable from the EOF and the oil and gas production lines from Holly to the EOF. Additionally, Venoco operates two steel "tents" about 5,000 feet southeast of Platform Holly to collect hydrocarbons from two naturally occurring hydrocarbon seeps. The collected hydrocarbons are transmitted to the EOF via an 8-inch-diameter steel pipeline that is proximal to the power cable alignment between the platform and shore as indicated on Plate 5.

3.1.10 Seafloor Obstructions

The cable alignment traverses areas of previous oil-field related development and infrastructure such as well casings, pier foundations and pilings, core holes, and pipelines that may have been abandoned in place or cut off at or below the mudline. Previous surveys by Woodward-Clyde (1982) also identified shipwrecks, buoys, side-scan-sonar targets, and magnetometer targets in the project vicinity. The findings from the seafloor obstruction data review are shown on Plate 5.


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4.0 GEOHAZARDS

4.1 SEISMICITY AND SEISMIC HAZARDS

4.1.1 General

The project site is located within a seismically active area; therefore, the potential exists for strong ground motion to affect the project during the design lifetime. In general, the primary effects will be those phenomena associated with shaking, ground acceleration, or fault rupture.

For the purpose of this study, the approximate mid-point of the alignment (Latitude = 34.4102, Longitude = -119.9097) was used as the input location for the preliminary seismic evaluations presented below.

4.1.2 Active and Potentially Active Faults

Faults considered active or potentially active by the California Geologic Survey (CGS) are located within about 25-mile radius of the project site. The computer program EQFAULT (Blake, 1995) was used to estimate the distances between the proposed mid-point of the alignment and each of the faults. The estimated distances and maximum earthquake magnitudes are listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Active and Potentially Active Faults

Fault Distance (miles)

Maximum Earthquake Magnitude (Mw) Ellsworth (2003)

Maximum Earthquake Magnitude (Mw)

Hanks and Bakun (2002)

North Channel Slope 0 6.8 6.6

Mission Ridge-Arroyo Parida-Santa Ana 1.5 6.9 6.7

Channel Islands Thrust (Eastern) 9.4 7.3 7.2

Santa Ynez (West) 9.6 7 6.8

Red Mountain 14.5 7.4 7.4

Oak Ridge Mid-Channel Structure 14.7 7 6.7

Los Alamos-West Baseline 15.5 6.9 6.7

Santa Ynez (East) 16.5 7.2 7.1

Ventura-Pitas Point 20.8 7 6.8

Oak Ridge (Blind Thrust Offshore) 21.1 6.7 7.0

Santa Cruz Island 22.9 7.2 7.0

San Andreas - Whole 46.8 8.0 8.2

Earthquake magnitudes obtained from the USGS website http://geohazards.usgs.gov/cfusion/hazfaults_search/hf_search_main.cfm

North Channel Slope Fault. The nearest known active fault is the North Channel Slope fault, a north-dipping, east-west-trending reverse fault that extends through the Santa Barbara Channel subparallel to the coastline as indicated on Plates 2a and 4.

http://geohazards.usgs.gov/cfusion/hazfaults_search/hf_search_main.cfm�


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Red Mountain Fault. The Red Mountain fault is a north-dipping reverse fault that is considered to be potentially active. The fault has been mapped as extending from onshore in the Ventura area westerly into the offshore Santa Barbara Channel. As indicated on Plates 2a and 4, the southern branch of the Red Mountain fault, considered potentially active by the CGS, projects toward the replacement cable alignment about 2,500 feet northwest of Platform Holly. Jennings and Bryant (2010) maps the Red Mountain fault as projecting across the alignment as indicated on Plates 2a and 4.

More Ranch Fault. While not specifically listed in Table 1 above, review of CDMG (1996) indicates that the More Ranch fault is included in the Mission Ridge-Arroyo Parida-Santa Ana system. The More Ranch fault has been mapped by several authors, including Dibblee (1987) and Jennings and Bryant (2010), as an east-west-trending fault system that extends offshore and projects westward toward the alignment as indicated on Plates 2a, 3, and 4. As mapped by Dibblee, the More Ranch fault trends toward the alignment about 1,500 feet south of the EOF. The More Ranch fault is considered active by Fugro based on recent field investigation and by the County of Santa Barbara (County of Santa Barbara, 1979).

4.1.3 Other Faults

Other unnamed faults as mapped by Jennings and Bryant (2010) trend toward or cross the alignment as indicated on Plate 4. These unnamed faults are not considered active or potentially active by the CGS.

4.1.4 Ground Rupture

The alignment does not lie within an Alquist-Priolo fault rupture hazard zone; however, it is proximal to a number of faults (Table 1) that are considered active or potentially active. Based on our data review, the More Ranch and Red Mountain faults included in the CGS database trend toward the alignment and Jennings and Bryant (2010) map the Red Mountain fault as crossing the alignment as indicated on Plates 2a, 3, and 4. Therefore, the potential exists for ground rupture to occur along the alignment. However, because the cable is flexible and most of the alignment will be laid on the seafloor in a slight serpentine configuration to provide for future repair/maintenance, the risk associated with fault rupture is considered to be low.

4.1.5 Ground Shaking

As summarized on Table 1, there are numerous active or potentially active faults within a 25-mile radius of the site that have potential to generate strong ground motion. Based on analyses using web applications available on the USGS website (USGS, 2008), the estimated horizontal ground acceleration in the area with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years (475 year return period) is about 0.56g for alluvium conditions (Vs30 = 350 m/s) and 0.53g for stiff soil/soft rock conditions (Vs30 = 760 m/s). The peak ground acceleration was estimated for a site located near the mid-point of the proposed cable alignment (Latitude = 34.4102, Longitude = 119.9097). The mean earthquake magnitude for this event is estimated to be Mw 6.9.


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4.1.6 Historical Seismicity

Fugro performed a computerized search of historical earthquakes and estimated ground accelerations that could have impacted the proposed alignment using the computer program EQSEARCH (Blake, 1998). The program searches the CGS earthquake catalog and estimates the ground accelerations based on attenuation relationships and onsite material characteristics. Review of the output indicates that the approximate mid-point of the alignment may have experienced ground accelerations of about 0.18g during historic time. The maximum horizontal ground acceleration estimated for the approximate mid-point of the alignment from the 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake is estimated to be about 0.16g.

4.1.7 Liquefaction, Seismically Induced Settlement, and Lateral Spreading

Liquefaction is the sudden loss of soil shear strength due to rapid increases in pore water pressures caused by seismic shaking. For liquefaction to occur, underlying soils should be granular and of low density located below the groundwater level. In general, liquefaction occurring below a depth of about 50 feet is not considered a hazard for improvements constructed at or near the ground surface.

Seismically induced settlement or collapse can occur in soils that are loose, soft, or that are moderately dense but weakly cemented. Areas where the replacement cable is installed in bedrock of the Monterey Formation (such as may occur in the HDD alignment) should not be affected by liquefaction or seismic settlement. However, the potential may exist for liquefaction to affect the alignment in areas underlain by artificial fill, alluvial materials, and/or seafloor sediments. However, because the cable is flexible and will be laid in a serpentine configuration, the effects associated with liquefaction and/or seismically induced settlement are considered to be low.

4.2 COASTAL PROCESSES

4.2.1 Sediment Transport Processes

Sediment transport and reworking of fluviodeltaic deposits on the shelf are controlled by metocean forces, including current circulation, tidal forcing, and wave climate over the shelf. Coarse sediments are transported by longshore currents toward the southeast as indicated on Plate 7 - Sediment Transport, whereas fines are preferentially transported onto and across the shelf. At and below the shelf break (approximately 1.5 mile southeast of Platform Holly, Plate 5), gravity flows and mass movement transport sediment into the Santa Barbara Channel basin.

4.2.2 Submarine Slumps, Slides, and Debris Flows

Submarine landslides and slumps (down-slope slip of coherent blocks of sediment and/or rock) and debris flows (downslope gravity-induced flows of sediment, rocks, and boulders) have been mapped all along the California Continental Borderland (Kennedy et al., 1987) including the Goleta slide located about 1.5 miles southwest of Platform Holly. Submarine slumps and slides are triggered by a variety of mechanisms, including strong ground shaking, fluid or gas expulsion in seabed sediments, and sediment loading and collapse in areas of high rates of sediment accumulation. These types of mass movement occur at a variety of scales and on slopes with relatively low gradients, depending on local conditions.


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The seafloor slope in the vicinity of the proposed replacement cable alignment is about 1 degree to the southwest as shown on Plates 1, 3, 4, and 5. The occurrence of landslides and slumps cannot always be predicted, but due to the distance from the edge of the canyon wall and relatively flat slope, submarine slumps, slides, and debris flows are not anticipated to affect the replacement cable alignment.

4.3 NATURAL HYDROCARBON SEEPS

Naturally occurring hydrocarbon seeps are common within the Santa Barbara Channel and the Coal Oil Point area. Based on data by Woodward-Clyde (1982), oil and gas seeps have been recorded within the cable alignment vicinity. Also, Venoco operates an 8-inch-diameter seep tent pipeline to transmit hydrocarbons to the EOF collected by two seep tents located about 5,000 feet southeast of Platform Holly. The approximate locations of seeps identified by Woodward-Clyde along the alignment, the seep tents, and the seep tent pipeline are indicated on Plate 5. Gas and oil seeps have the potential to affect the HDD construction. Gas and oil encountered during drilling may require special drilling and materials handling techniques such as may be associated with over-pressurized zones, hydrocarbon contaminated drilling fluid, and explosive and/or hazardous conditions. Gas and oil seeps are not likely to affect the cable lay portion of the alignment.

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 GENERAL

Construction of the replacement cable project using a combination of conventional cut-and-cover construction techniques for the onshore segment, HDD construction for the shore crossing, and seafloor-lay techniques extending from offshore to Platform Holly appears feasible based on the results of this desktop study. Subsurface exploration should be conducted to confirm assumptions made based on the limited data available for review for this desktop study.

5.2 CUT-AND-COVER ALIGNMENT

The onshore portion of the alignment is anticipated to be constructed using cut-and-cover trenching techniques. Conceptually, the approximately 200-foot-long trench will be about 2 feet wide and about 3 to 4 feet deep and will extend from the Holly supply transformer to the HDD initiation pit (Plate 6). The earth materials encountered along the trench alignment are anticipated to consist of artificial fill materials and alluvial sediments. The potential exists for the earth materials to be soft and/or loosely consolidated and prone to caving. Groundwater is not anticipated within the conceptual trench depths based on the data review. Site specific exploration is recommended as part of final design to confirm the engineering characteristics of the soil materials and groundwater depths for trench design.

5.3 HDD CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS

5.3.1 General

Construction of the proposed pipeline alignment using HDD techniques appears to be feasible based on the results of this desktop study. Geotechnical considerations that may affect the design and construction of the HDD alignment include:


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• Caving fill and alluvial soils;

• Granular alluvial soils;

• Thinly interbedded bedrock with varying hardness that may range from low hardness to very hard, may be highly fractured, and steeply dipping with bedding orientations that may change abruptly over short distances;

• Variable depth of soil materials/bedrock profile;

• The seafloor exit pit; and

• The potential to encounter abandoned facilities such as foundations, well casings, pier foundations, piles, and/or pipelines associated with historical site use.

The regional geologic references and other nearby site-specific geotechnical exploration data suggest that most of the proposed HDD bore likely could be constructed within bedrock of the Monterey Formation at depth. From the initiation pit until the bore penetrates the Monterey Formation, the HDD alignment is anticipated to penetrate alluvial sediments that may consist of a combination of cohesive (clay and silt) and granular sediments (sand and possibly gravel) that may be prone to caving and/or running. The bedding in the Monterey Formation bedrock is anticipated to be steeply south-dipping to steeply north-dipping bedding across the synclinal axis. The bedrock materials are likely to consist of thinly interbedded, fractured, fine-grained claystone and siltstone, diatomaceous claystone, shale, and lenses/beds of very hard, well-indurated siliceous and calcareous bedrock materials. Additionally, the geologic structure of the Monterey Formation can be highly variable over short distances, the top elevation of the bedrock may vary along the alignment, and the bedrock can be highly fractured. Near the exit pit, the HDD bore is anticipated to exit the Monterey Formation and penetrate seafloor sediments that are anticipated to consist primarily of unconsolidated silty sand and clay deposits (Woodward-Clyde, 1982).

5.3.2 Processes

The process begins with the drilling of the pilot hole from the near-surface near the EOF along a pre-designed profile beneath the beach and nearshore environment, to near the seafloor penetration point. We anticipate that the seafloor will not be penetrated until the HDPE casing is ready to be pulled into place. During the second phase of the operation, the pilot hole is reamed to a diameter that is large enough to accept the HDPE casing and the seafloor is penetrated. During the final phase of the operation, the HDPE casing is pulled from the ocean into place within the enlarged drill hole. The HDPE casing will be prefabricated and floated into position for the pullback operation.

Drilling fluid or drilling mud is used during directional drilling operations to help advance the drill string, support the drill hole, and remove the drill cuttings. Typically, the mud is mixed on the surface, pumped through the drill string, and circulated through the drill hole back to the surface. The mud is typically an environmentally friendly, non-hazardous mixture of water and bentonite.


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Directional drilling is best suited for firm, consistent ground conditions. Drilling may be advanced through gravel, cobble, or rock, but drilling times can be increased and tolerances may be more difficult to maintain. Directional drilling may be difficult in the transition between soil and rock that typically consists of large rock fragments in a soil matrix. Drilling though inclined interbedded bedrock may also be difficult due to the tendency for the drill head to "walk" along the inclined bedding plane surface(s) rather than penetrating them.

Drilling times and costs can also increase due to lost circulation of the drilling mud, an event where mud is diverted along a flow path other than annular space leading back to the pump. Lost circulation may occur when drilling through coarse and permeable soils lacking a soil matrix, fractured rock, and cavernous formations. However, the potential for drilling fluid loss to the ground surface or ocean during the HDD process is considered low due to the proposed relatively deep alignment (70 feet below the ground surface at the shore crossing and 40 to 60 feet below the seafloor). Monitoring of the drilling fluid properties, pump pressures, drilling fluid circulation, drill returns, fluid loss, and observations of the ground surface and ocean for early signs of fluid leakage help minimize the potential for "frac-outs".

The design of the HDD drilling program should consider conditions associated with a shore crossing that transitions from an onshore environment to an offshore environment, the anticipated soil stratigraphy, bedrock materials and orientations, and the potential to encounter a variety of adverse drilling conditions (such as those that could be associated with the alluvial sediments, seafloor sediments, highly variable bedrock materials and conditions, groundwater, seawater, naturally occurring oil and gas, and historical facilities described previously). A combination of equipment or headings may be best suited for the conditions that may be encountered.

5.3.3 Subsurface Conditions

The HDD bore is expected to encounter several different earth materials, including artificial fill, unsaturated and saturated alluvium, seafloor sediments, and thinly interbedded bedrock of the Monterey Formation.

The alluvium is anticipated to have variable amounts of cohesive (clay and silt) and granular (sand and gravel) soil materials. The alluvium may be highly permeable; loss of drilling fluid and caving should be anticipated during excavation. Control of drilling mud and heading pressures will be needed to help support the drill hole for construction, and to reduce the potential of "frac-out" in the soil overburden. Although not observed at the ground surface during our site reconnaissance, the potential exists for cobbles and boulders to be encountered while drilling within the alluvium as well as within the seafloor sediments. Surficial artificial fill materials (imported or locally derived from the native soils at the site) may be encountered above the alluvial sediments.

The underlying Monterey Formation bedrock is anticipated to consist of thinly interbedded, fractured, fine-grained claystone and siltstone, diatomaceous claystone, shale, and lenses/beds of hard, well-indurated very hard siliceous and calcareous bedrock materials. The bedrock materials are anticipated to be steeply south-dipping near the EOF transitioning to steeply north-dipping upon crossing the synclinal structure mapped near the bluff area. The potential exists for the bedrock materials to cave and/or shift along the discontinuity planes (bedding, fractures, joints, faults) during drilling, potentially resulting in difficult drilling, blockage,


M:\WP\2012\04.76120017\04.76120017_7-13-12.DOC 13

and/or "grabbing" of the drill string. In addition, difficulties may be encountered when transitioning from the south-dipping to north-dipping geologic structure and/or penetrating the bedrock/alluvial and bedrock/seafloor sediment interfaces during drilling.

The HDD program should also consider that the drilling project will be located in an area of known historical oil field development as well as within hydrocarbon-bearing sediments and bedrock materials. Gas and oil seeps have the potential to affect the HDD construction. Gas and oil encountered during drilling may require special drilling and materials handling techniques such as may be associated with over-pressurized zones, hydrocarbon contaminated drilling fluid, and explosive and/or hazardous conditions. The Contractor should be prepared to encounter hydrocarbons, monitor for hydrocarbons, and to properly contain and dispose of hydrocarbon materials that result from the HDD construction process. The potential exists for the HDD process to encounter existing artifacts such as abandoned exploratory and production wells, pipelines, and/or piers/pilings.

5.4 SEAFLOOR CABLE ALIGNMENT

Based on information in Woodward-Clyde (1982), the majority of the seafloor-lay cable alignment is anticipated to be underlain by unconsolidated silty sand and clay sediments overlying bedrock of the Monterey Formation. Closer to Platform Holly, the alignment is anticipated to consist of unconsolidated sediments overlying shale bedrock of the Sisquoc Formation. The thickness of the unconsolidated sediments is uncertain but data from Woodward Clyde (1982) suggests the sediments vary from about 46 feet thick south of the HDD exit pit to about 10 feet near the platform. However, as discussed previously, Woodward-Clyde (1982) indicates a "basin-like feature" may be present about 8,500 feet north of Platform Holly suggesting that the thickness of the unconsolidated sediments could vary significantly along the alignment.

Our data review also indicates that seafloor obstructions may exist along the cable alignment that may impact the cable and/or cable laying operation. Marine survey services to identify seafloor obstructions will be performed by Fugro and reported under separate cover.

5.5 RECOMMENDATIONS

Subsurface exploration is recommended as part of the geotechnical design of the project to help characterize the subsurface and seafloor conditions along the proposed replacement cable alignment. A subsurface exploration program consisting of a combination of drill holes, cone penetrometer tests (CPTs), and geophysical surveys is recommended to help define the profile along the HDD alignment and to identify potential historical facilities that may impact the HDD alignment. A program consisting of drill holes and CPTs is recommended in the vicinity of the HDD initiation pit, as close to the beach as possible, and at the HDD seafloor exit pit. Exploration depths are anticipated to range from about 60 to 100 feet below the ground surface/seafloor. Because it is unlikely that permits can be obtained for drilling on the beach, we recommend that the drill holes and CPTs be augmented with non-invasive onshore geophysical surveys from the EOF to the surf zone to help characterize the subsurface profile and top of bedrock under the beach area. Additionally, onshore ground penetrating radar and magnetometer surveys could be performed to help identify locations of potential historical facilities along the onshore portion of the alignment that could impact the HDD process. Fugro


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is performing offshore surveys for the project alignment that consists of side-scan sonar, magnetometer, and bathymetry that will be reported under separate cover.

The project area has been an active oilfield area since the early 1900s and has been operated by a variety of different companies. It is possible that additional information and data exist that may be beneficial to project design that could be collected through an expanded data and historical research program.

6.0 LIMITATIONS

This desktop geotechnical report has been prepared for the exclusive use of Venoco, Inc. for input in the proposed power cable replacement project. The scope of this desktop study did not include project-specific subsurface exploration or the assessment of the presence or absence of hazardous/toxic substances in the soil, groundwater, surface water or atmosphere. The report may not contain sufficient information for other parties or other uses. Fugro should review any changes in the project, and modify and approve in writing the conclusions and recommendations of this report relative to those changes.

This report and the figures contained in this report are for preliminary planning only, and are not intended for use in final design or construction. Additional geotechnical studies, geophysical surveys, reports, and services will be needed if the project proceeds to design or construction.


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7.0 REFERENCES

Blake, T.F. (1995), EQFAULT, A Computer Program for the Deterministic Production of Peak Horizontal Acceleration From Digitized California Faults, User's Manual, 79 pp.

Blake, T.F. (1998), EQSEARCH, "A Computer Program for the Estimation of Peak Accelerations from California Historical Earthquake Catalogs”.

California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) (1996), Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the State of California, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Open-File Report 96-08, USGS Open-File Report 96-706.

California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG, 1987-1989), Geology of the California Continental Margin: Geologic Map Series.

________ (2000), GIS Data for the Geologic Map of California, V2.0.

County of Santa Barbara (1979), Santa Barbara County Comprehensive Plan, Seismic Safety and Safety Element, Adopted by Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors, January 22.

DCCA (1998), Guidelines for Successful Mid-Size Directional Drilling Projects, Directional Crossing Contractors Association (DCCA), on-line document with following web address: http://www.dcca.org

Dibblee, T.W., Jr.. (1987), Geologic Map of the Dos Pueblos Quadrangle, Santa Barbara County, California, Dibblee Geological Foundation, Map DF-09.

Fisher, M.A., et al. (20005), Geology of Submarine Landslides Below Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California, and Their Potential Tsunami Hazard, Paper No. 41-13, GSA Cordilleran Section 101st Annual Meeting (April 29 - May 1, 2005)

Fugro, (2011) Geotechnical Study, Ellwood Pipeline, Inc. Crude Oil Pipeline, Ellwood Onshore Facility to Las Flores Canyon, Santa Barbara County, California, FCI Proj. No. 04.61110037, dated August 1.

Isaacs, C.M. (1981) "Field Trip Guide for the Monterey Formation, Santa Barbara Coast, California" in Guide to the Monterey Formation in the California Coastal Area, Ventura to San Luis Obispo", Pacific Section AAPG Volume 52, dated May 29.

Jacob & Hefner Associates, Inc. (2010), Installation of Two New Groundwater Monitoring Wells (MW-5 and MW-6), Venoco Ellwood Onshore Facility, 7979 Hollister Avenue, Goleta, California, dated January 22.

Jennings, C.W., and Bryant, W.A., 2010, Fault activity map of California: California Geological Survey Geologic Data Map No. 6, map scale 1:750,000.

Kennedy, M.P., H.G. Greene and S.H. Clarke, Jr. (1987), Geology of the California Continental Margin: Explanation of the California Continental Margin Geologic Map Series - Interpretive Methods, Symbology, Stratigraphic Units, and Bibliography, California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 207, 110 pp.

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, (2012) website link http://www.mbari.org/data/mapping/SBBasin/basin.htm

http://www.mbari.org/data/mapping/SBBasin/basin.htm�


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Oneill, O.H. (1919), Map of Catherine M. Bell Property, Near Ellwood Station, Santa Barbara Co., Calif., dated June.

Pelagos Corporation (1984), Plate 5A - Geologic Hazards and Anomalies and Plate 5B - Unidentified Targets and Man-Made Features, State Lease PRC 3120, for Arco Exploration Company.

United States Geological Survey (USGS website, 2008), 2008 NSHMP PSHA Interactive Deaggregations, http://eqint.cr.usgs.gov/deaggint/2008/.

Woodward-Clyde Consultants (1982), Geophysical Investigation and Cultural Resource Survey for a Proposed Pipeline Route - Coal Oil Point Seep Area to Elwood, Santa Barbara Channel, California, dated February 10.

http://eqint.cr.usgs.gov/deaggint/2008/�

PLATES

Goleta Slide

S a n t a B a r b a r a C h a n n e l

Shallow Shelf

CableAlignment

EOF

-2000-2000

-1000-1100

-1900

-1800-1700

-1600

-50

-100-150

-250

-200

-300-400-500-600-700-800-900

-1000

-1100

-1200-1300-1400

-1500

Holly

5950000

5950000

6000000

6000000

6050000

6050000

1900

000

1900

000

1950

000

1950

000

2000

000

2000

000

Grid: NAD83 State Plane California Zone V, Feet

Venoco, Inc.Project No. 04.76120017

PLATE 1

Legend

LOCATION MAPPlatform Holly Power Cable Replacement Project

Offshore Santa Barbara County, California

Platform Holly

Minor Contour at 50 and 100 Foot IntervalsMajor Contour at 500 Foot Interval

Bathymetric ContoursCable/Pipeline Alignment

0 42Miles

0 20,00010,000Feet

1:240,000

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Goleta Slide

North Channel Slope Fault

-1500

-1000

-500

-500-2000-2000

-1000-500

-1500

Holly

Grace

Rincon Island

EOF

Red Mountain Fault

Oak Ridge Offshore Fault

E

M

Q

Q

Kl

M

M

E

M

E

KuQPc

E

O

Oc

Ku

M

E

O

E

KJf

Oc

MP

Ku

Oc

M

M

Q

M

P

Kl

Kl

Kl

M

Kl

Oc KJf

Oc

Oc

Oc

QPc

um

Ku

E

P

E

P M

O

Oc

Ep

QTs

Tm

Slump

Tm

Tm

Qsp

QTs

Tm

Slump

Slump

Tm Tm

Santa Ynez River fault

Red Mountain fault, south branch

Mesa fault

Pacifico fault

Pitas Point fault

Mesa-Rincon Creek fault

Baseline fault

More Ranch fault

Santa Ynez faultGaviotito fault

San Jose fault

Baseline fault

Santa Ynez fault

Santa Ynez River fault


Baseline fault

5880000

5880000

5940000

5940000

6000000

6000000

6060000

6060000

1920

000

1920

000

1980

000

1980

000

2040

000

2040

000

0 42Miles

1:240,000


PLATE 2a

Refer to Plate 2b for Geology Legend.Grid: NAD83 State Plane California Zone V, Feet

ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE GEOLOGY

Platform Holly Power Cable Replacement Project


LegendPlatform Holly

Minor Contour at 50 Foot IntervalMajor Contour at 500 Foot Interval

Bathymetric Contours

InfrastructureCable/Pipeline Alignment

Fault, CertainFault, Approx. LocatedFault, ConcealedThrust Fault, Certain

Dextral Fault, CertainThrust Fault, Approx. Located (2)

Fault, Solid, Barball

Late QuaternaryQuaternary

Faults (Jennings & Bryant, 2010)

0 20,00010,000Feet

Pre-Quarternary

Potentially Active Faults, dashed whereinferred

Faults (SCEC Online Catalog, October 2011)

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Offshore Geologic Units

Onshore Geology Source: George J. Saucedo, David R. Bedford, Gary L. Raines, Robert J. Miller, and Carl M. Wentworth, "GIS Data for the Geologic Map of California", Version 2.0, CD-ROM 2000-007, Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, California, 2000. The digital database contains the geologic units and faults as shown on the Geologic Map of California by Charles W. Jennings published in 1977.


KEY TO ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE GEOLOGYPlatform Holly Power Cable Replacement Project


PLATE 2b

Onshore Geologic Units

Offshore Geology- Seafloor Mapping Lab- California State University Monterey Bay, digital GIS format versions of Kennedy, M.P., H.G. Greene, and S.H. Clark, "Geology of the California Continental Margin: Geologic Map Series", California Department of Conservation Division and Mines and Geology in Conjunction with the USGS, Sacramento, California, 1987-1989.

Qsp, Sediments that may correlate with the San Pedro formation.

QTt, Undifferentiated terrace deposits of Quaternary and late Tertiary (?) age

QTs, Undifferentiated sediments and sedimentary rocks of Quaternary and Tertiary (Pliocene and Miocene) age.

Qf, Quaternary fan deposits.

Qsp

Sediment Flow

Block Glide

Creep

Slump

Channel Fill

Mz, Metamorphic rocks of pre-Late Cretaceous age.MzTmp, Plutonic and hypabyssal rocks of Miocene age.Tmp

Tmu, Undifferentiated volcanic and sedimentary rocks of Miocene age.Tmu

Tmv, Volcanic rocks of Miocene age.TmvTm, Undifferentiated sedimentary rocks of Miocene age.TmTpr, Undifferentiated sedimentary rocks of early Pliocene age an late Miocene age.TprTp, Undifferentiated sedimentary rocks of Pliocene age.Tp

Qp, Unconsolidated marine shelf and slope deposits of late Pleistocene age.Qp

Q, Unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age, includes ponded sediments.Q

QTt

QTs

Qf

Tv, Tertiary volcanic flow rocks(or predominantly flow rocks)Tv

m, Undivided pre-Cenozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocksm

grMz, Mesozoic granitic rocksgrMz

grCz, Cenozoic (Tertiary) granitic rocksgrCz

um, Ultramafic rocks, chiefly Mesozoicum

water

P P, Pliocene marine

Oc Oc, Oligocene nonmarine

Mzv Mzv, Mesozoic volcanic and metavolcanic rocks; Franciscan volcanic rocks

M M, Miocene marine

Ku Ku, Upper Cretaceous marine

E E, Eocene marine

KJf KJf, Franciscan Complex

Ep Ep, Paleocene marine

K K, Cretaceous marine undivided(in part nonmarine)

J J, Jurassic marine

gb, Mesozoic gabbroic rocksgb

Ti, Tertiary intrusive rocksTi

QPc QPc, Plio-Pleistocene nonmarine; Pliocene nonmarine

Q Q, Alluvium (mostly Holocene some Pleistocene);Quaternary nonmarine; Quaternary marineData Sources1. United States Geologic Survey: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/2. California State University Monterey Bay: http://seafloor.csumb.edu/3. San Diego Nearshore Program: http://nearshore.ucsd.edu/4. NOAA: http://www.noaa.gov/5. Greene et al. (2004), Fisheries Habitat Characterization of the California Continental Margin6. Bathymetry a. 12 nearshore blocks show multibeam data collected as part of the California State Mapping Project (CSMP, 2012). The data were acquired, processed, archived, and distributed by the Seafloor Mapping Lab of California State University Monterey Bay, Cell Size = 2m. b. National Geophysical Data Center, 2001, NOS Hydrographic Survey Data, Version 4.1, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO (CD-ROM).

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EOF

-50-100

101

5982000

5982000

5985000

5985000

1980

000

1980

000

1983

000

1983

000

1986

000

1986

000

ONSHORE GEOLOGIC MAPPlatform Holly Power Cable Replacement Project


0 0.250.125Miles

1:12,000Contour at 50 Foot Interval

0 1,000500Feet

LegendCable/Pipeline Alignment


Grid: NAD83 State Plane California V, Feet


PLATE 3

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Surficial Sediments - Valley and Floodplain Deposits (Quaternary)Qa

Santa Barbara Formation (Early Pleistoceneand latest Pliocene)

Sisquoq Shale (Late Miocene Age)

Older Dissected Surficial Sediments (Quaternary)

Surficial Sediments - Landslide Debris(Quaternary)Qls

Qoa

Surficial Sediments - Beach and Sand Deposits (Quaternary)Qs

Qsb

Tsq

Geology

Qa

Qls

Qoa

Qsb

Tsq

Rincon Shale (Early Miocene Age)

Monterey Shale (Early to Late Miocene Age)Tml

Trs

Vaqueros Sandstone (Early Miocene Age)Tvq

Rincon Shale (Early Miocene Age)Tr

Sespe Formation (Predominantly Oligocene Age)Tsp

Tml

Trs

Tvq

Tr

Tsp

Source: Dibblee Goleta and Dos Pueblos Quadrangles, 1987)

Ellwood Onshore Facility (EOF)

Shallow Shelf0 to approx. -500 ft

Oak Ridge Fault

Red Mountain Fault

Goleta Slide

Mission Ridge Arroyo Parida Santa Ana Extruded Trace

North Channel Slope Fault

EOF

-1800

-1800

-1700-1600

-50

-100

-150

-250

-200

-300

-400

-500

-600-700-800-900-1000-1100-1200

-1300-1400

-1500

cfma_lower_pitas_point_montalvo_complete_trace

cfma_north_channel_extrapolated2_trace

Mission Ridge fault

Glen Annie fault

More Ranch fault

More Ranch fault, South Branch

San Pedro fault

San Pedro faultGlen Annie fault

More Ranch fault

Glen Annie fault


Campus fault

More Ranch fault, North Branch

101

Holly

5964545

5964545

5984230

5984230

6003915

6003915

1949

077

1949

077

1962

200

1962

200

1975

323

1975

323

1988

447

1988

447

FAULT MAPPlatform Holly Power Cable Replacement Project


0 10.5Miles

1:60,000


PLATE 4

Minor Contour at 50 and 100 Foot IntervalsMajor Contour at 500 Foot Interval

0 5,0002,500Feet


Cable/Pipeline AlignmentOil and Gas Fields

Buoy Special Purpose

Veridian Obstructions


Notes:1. Bathymetry a. 12 nearshore blocks show multibeam data collected as part of the California State Mapping Project (CSMP, 2012). The data were acquired, processed, archived, and distributed by the Seafloor Mapping Lab of California State University Monterey Bay, Cell Size = 2m. b. National Geophysical Data Center, 2001, NOS Hydrographic Survey Data, Version 4.1, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO (CD-ROM).

Fault, CertainFault, Approx. LocatedFault, ConcealedThrust Fault, Certain

Dextral Fault, CertainThrust Fault, Approx. Located (2)

Fault, Solid, Barball

Late QuaternaryQuaternary

Faults (Jennings & Bryant, 2010)

Pre-Quarternary

Grid: NAD83 State Plane California V, Feet

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Existing Power Cable

Potentially Active Faults, dashed where inferredFaults (SCEC Online Catalog, October 2011)

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@?@?@? @?@?@?

@?@?

@?

@?@?@?

Shallow Shelf: 0 to approx. -500 ft

Seep Tents

Seep Pipeline

EOF

-50

-100

-150

-250

-200

-300

-400-500-600-700

-800

Holly

48

5052

54

56

56

46

42

38

34

30

2624

22

2018

161412 12

10

10

8

14

1618

5978000

5978000

5984000

5984000

5990000

5990000

5996000

5996000

6002000

6002000

1968

000

1968

000

1974

000

1974

000

1980

000

1980

000

1986

000

1986

000

−


SUBSEA CONDITIONSPlatform Holly Power

Cable Replacement ProjectOffshore Santa Barbara County, California

PLATE 5

0 0.50.25Miles

Legend

#! Platform Holly

Existing Power Cable

Replacement Power Cable

Minor Contour at 50 and 100 Foot Intervals

Major Contour at 500 Foot Interval


1:30,000

0 5,0002,500Feet

@? Historical Well Locations

Magnetometer Anomalies (Woodward-Clyde, 1982)

&< SideScanTargets (Woodward-Clyde, 1982)

Soil Thickness / Top of Bedrock (Woodward-Clyde, 1982)

Piers

Seeps (Woodward-Clyde, 1982)

"

Grid: NAD83 State Plane California Zone V, Feet

N:\P

roje

cts\

04_2

012\

04_7

612_

0017

_Ellw

ood_

Oil_

Faci

lity\

Out

puts

\201

2_07

_16_

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tech

Des

ktop

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-05-

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ures

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, 09/

19/1

2, C

Dea

n

-500+00

Monterey Formation (Tm)

Sediments

Sediments based onWoodward-Clyde (1982)

DH-1

MW-6MW-5

Monterey Formation (Tm)

DH-1 MW-6 MW-5

TD = 65'

TD = 19'

@ 14' @ 16'@ 18'

?? ? ?

?

???

??

North dipping beddingSouth dipping bedding

TD = 19'

SynclinalAxis

* Holly Power Cable Replacement, Horizontal Directional Drilling, Plan and Profile, Venoco, Inc., (Dwg. No. EOF-CAB-HOL-1, 5-22-12).* Interpreted geology based on data review.

BASE MAP SOURCE:

M:\D

rafti

ng\J

OB

FILE

S\2

012\

04.7

6120

017\

Dra

win

gs\B

04.7

6120

017-

06 S

S C

ond.

dwg

07-1

3-20

12 -

12:1

1pm

INTERPRETED SUBSURFACE CONDITIONSPlatform Holly Power Cable Replacement Project


Project No.

PLATE 6

04.76120017Venoco, Inc.

@ 14' Approximate depthof groundwater

Holly

6000000

6000000

6100000

6100000

1900

000

1900

000

2000

000

2000

000

Regional bathymetry, littoral cells and deep water core locations. Contours in meters. Source: Modified from Normark W.R. et al., 1998


PLATE 7

SEDIMENT TRANSPORTPlatform Holly Power Cable Replacement Project



0 63Miles

1:360,000

0 30,00015,000FeetCable/Pipeline Alignment

N:\Pr

ojects

\04_2

012\0

4_76

12_0

017_

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Outpu

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tTran

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, 7/16

/2012

, evo

nthury

APPENDIX A DRILL HOLE LOG (FUGRO, 2011)

AND MONITORING WELL LOGS (JACOB & HEFNER ASSOCIATES)

18

28

22

21

17

23

20

u 0.7

u 3.5

26

42

9

24

52

57

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

(4)

(11)

(11)

(18)

(12)

14

13

(19)

Pavement: Approximately 3" asphalt over 8" base.

ARTIFICIAL FILL (af)Sandy Lean CLAY (CL): brown, moist, fine sand

Sandy SILT (ML): soft, very dark gray, moist, finegrained sand, scattered coarse gravel

- fine sand-sized red brick fragments, VOC = 12.8ppm, at 7'

ALLUVIUM (Qal)Fine Sandy SILT (ML): medium stiff, dark grayish

brown, moist, oily sheen, hydrocarbon odor, darkbrown coating on grains, VOC = 265 ppm

Lean CLAY (CL): medium stiff, very dark grayishbrown, moist, VOC = 250 ppm

Silty SAND (SM): medium dense, olive brown, wet,fine to medium grained sand, with dark brown oilbeads and oily sheen, VOC = 172 ppm

Sandy Lean CLAY (CL): medium stiff, dark yellowishbrown, moist, fine to medium sand, mottled texture,VOC = 7 ppm

- stiff, brown with gray mottles and grayish brown finegrained clayey sand lenses, decreased moisture,VOC = 24 ppm, at 25'

- stiff, grayish brown, at 30'

Lean CLAY (CL): stiff, dark grayish brown with graymottles, moist

90

102

104

111

115

125

126

130

SA

MP

LER

SMATERIAL DESCRIPTION

PLA

ST

ICIT

YIN

DE

X, %

UN

DR

AIN

ED

SH

EA

RS

TR

EN

GT

H, S

u, k

sf

SA

MP

LER

BLO

W C

OU

NT

DEPTH TO WATER: 14.0 ft

LOCATION:

DRILLING METHOD: 8-inch-dia. Hollow Stem AugerHAMMER TYPE: Automatic Trip

DRILLED BY: S/G DrillingLOGGED BY: K Reidel

CHECKED BY: L Prentice

SURFACE EL: 25 ft +/- (rel. MSL datum)

COMPLETION DEPTH: 65.0 ft

DRILLING DATE: July 11, 2011BACKFILLED WITH: Grout

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14

80 ft Right of Sta. 5+50D

EP

TH

, ft

PLATE A-1a

UN

IT D

RY

WE

IGH

T, p

cf

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

LIQ

UID

LIM

IT, %

UN

IT W

ET

WE

IGH

T, p

cf

The log and data presented are a simplification of actual conditions encountered at the time of drilling at the drilled location. Subsurface conditions may differ at other locations and with the passage of time.

SA

MP

LE N

O.

MA

TE

RIA

LS

YM

BO

L

ELE

VA

TIO

N, f

t

WA

TE

RC

ON

TE

NT

, %

% P

AS

SIN

G#2

00 S

IEV

E

LOG OF DRILL HOLE NO. DH-01

DRILL HOLE LOG VENTURA N:\PROJECTS\04_2011\04_6111_0037_VENOCO\EXPLORATIONS\GINT\2011\04_6111_0037_VM11B.GPJ 8/1/11 02:51 p

Ellwood Pipeline, Inc.Project No. 04.61110037

Ellwood Pipeline, Inc. Crude Oil PipelineEOF to Las Flores Canyon, Santa Barbara County, California

20

19

21

52

69

57

24 9

25

11

12

13

14

15

16

14

(23)

20

(58)

(75)

(50/5")

- very dark gray, decreased moisture, at 40'

Fine Sandy SILT (ML): very stiff, very dark grayishbrown, wet, possible confined aquifer, water levelrise to about 32 feet during drilling

Silty SAND (SM): medium dense, dark gray brown,wet, predominantly fine to medium grained withsome coarse grained greenish claystone fragmentsand trace gravel

MONTEREY FORMATION (Tm)Sandy SILTSTONE (Rx): moderately weathered,

moderately indurated, low hardness, brown, moist,laminated, with gravel-sized buff colored calichenodules

- fresh, low to moderate hardness, laminated to thinlybedded, very dark grayish brown with scattered paleyellow laminated sand interbeds, at 60'

- moderate hardness, moderately fresh, very darkgrayish brown, indurated, laminated to thinlybedded, with scattered pale yellow laminated sandinterbeds, at 64'

111

64

63

132

97

98

SA

MP

LER

SMATERIAL DESCRIPTION

PLA

ST

ICIT

YIN

DE

X, %

UN

DR

AIN

ED

SH

EA

RS

TR

EN

GT

H, S

u, k

sf

SA

MP

LER

BLO

W C

OU

NT

DEPTH TO WATER: 14.0 ft

LOCATION:

DRILLING METHOD: 8-inch-dia. Hollow Stem AugerHAMMER TYPE: Automatic Trip

DRILLED BY: S/G DrillingLOGGED BY: K Reidel

CHECKED BY: L Prentice

SURFACE EL: 25 ft +/- (rel. MSL datum)

COMPLETION DEPTH: 65.0 ft

DRILLING DATE: July 11, 2011BACKFILLED WITH: Grout

-16

-18

-20

-22

-24

-26

-28

-30

-32

-34

-36

-38

-40

-42

-44

-46

-48

-50

-52

-54

80 ft Right of Sta. 5+50D

EP

TH

, ft

PLATE A-1b

UN

IT D

RY

WE

IGH

T, p

cf

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

LIQ

UID

LIM

IT, %

UN

IT W

ET

WE

IGH

T, p

cf

The log and data presented are a simplification of actual conditions encountered at the time of drilling at the drilled location. Subsurface conditions may differ at other locations and with the passage of time.

SA

MP

LE N

O.

MA

TE

RIA

LS

YM

BO

L

ELE

VA

TIO

N, f

t

WA

TE

RC

ON

TE

NT

, %

% P

AS

SIN

G#2

00 S

IEV

E

LOG OF DRILL HOLE NO. DH-01

DRILL HOLE LOG VENTURA N:\PROJECTS\04_2011\04_6111_0037_VENOCO\EXPLORATIONS\GINT\2011\04_6111_0037_VM11B.GPJ 8/1/11 02:51 p

Ellwood Pipeline, Inc.Project No. 04.61110037

Ellwood Pipeline, Inc. Crude Oil PipelineEOF to Las Flores Canyon, Santa Barbara County, California

Documents

GEOTECHNICAL DESKTOP STUDY, POWER CABLE …