Georgia - Problems and Innovations to the Criminal Code, 2015

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis

aqtualuri sakiTxebi

(problemebi da inovaciebi)

saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis

THE PROBLEMS AND INNOVATIONS TO THE CRIMINAL CODE OF GEORGIA

MANUAL FOR LAWYERS

gamomcemloba „meridiani“Tbilisi 2015

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis

aqtualuri sakiTxebi

(problemebi da inovaciebi)

saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis

THE PROBLEMS AND INNOVATIONS TO THECRIMINAL CODE OF GEORGIA

MANUAL FOR LAWYERS

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarT-velos ofisi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansu-ri mxardaWeriT exmareba saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofaSi.

winamdebare masala momzadda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis ini-ciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT 2014-2015 wlebSi. masala gankuTvnilia saqarT-velos advokatTa asociaciis wevri advokatebisaTvis.

masalaSi mocemuli informacia ar gamoxatavs ABA ROLI-is an INL-is mosazrebebs. dauSvebelia mocemuli masalis an misi nawilis gadawera, gayidva an sxva saSualebiT

gamoyeneba ABA ROLI-is an INL-is winaswari werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe.mocemuli masalis momzadeba da redaqtireba SesaZlebeli gaxda ABA ROLI-is Semdeg

TanamSromelTa didi ZalisxmeviTa da Tavdauzogavi muSaobiT:

devid rubino (regionaluri direqtori);mamuka mamacaSvili (samxareo direqtoris moadgile); medea maTiaSvili (ufrosi iuristi); ana loria (ufrosi iuristi);giorgi giorgaZe (ufrosi iuristi);Tea WeliZe (finansuri menejeri);maka cinaZe (programis asistenti).

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarT-velos ofisi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnisas gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis did madlobas uxdis Semdeg pirebsa da organizaciebs: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCs riCard norlands. aseve: elizabet andersens, aleqsandra belenkaias, irina parSikovas, meri griers, kristi kontaks, eipril heukos, treisi niuels, judiT kembels, kristin tefts, da amerikis Se-erTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samar-TaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL).

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTve-los ofisi gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdis mocemuli saxelmZRvanelos avtors, profesor nona Toduas.

aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis inicia-tiva~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departa-mentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) daxmarebi-Ta da finansuri mxardaWeriT.

daibeWda:

gamomcemloba `meridiani~, al. yazbegis gamz. #45

t. 239-15-22, E-mail: [email protected]

© amerikis iuristTa asociacia

ISBN 978-9941-10-952-2

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The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) in Georgia with assistance and funding provided by the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) is working to help the citizens of Georgia have access to justice under the new law.

These materials were created in 2014-2015 by the ABA ROLI Georgia with funding from the INL for the use of Georgian Defense Lawyers.

The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the ABA ROLI or the INL.No part of these materials may be copied, sold, or used in any way without express written permis-

sion of the ABA ROLI or the INL.These materials have been edited and modified by the ABA ROLI staff members. The work on this

book was done by the following dedicated staff members of the ABA ROLI Georgia:

David Rubino, Regional DirectorMamuka Mamatsashvili, Deputy Country Director Medea Matiashvili, Senior Staff Attorney Ana Loria, Senior Staff AttorneyGiorgi Giorgadze, Senior Staff AttorneyTea Chelidze, Office/Financial ManagerMaka Tsinadze, Program Assistant

ABA ROLI Georgia thanks the following persons and organizations for helping to make this Manual possible: The U.S. Ambassador to Georgia Richard Norland. Elizabeth Andersen, Alexandra Belenkaya, Irina Parshikova, Mary Greer, Kristi Kontak, April Hewko, Tracey Newell, Judith Campbell, Christine Tefft and the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States De-partment of State (INL).

The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) Georgia thanks the author of the manual Professor Nona Todua.

This publication is provided by the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) Georgia through support and funds provided by the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).

© American Bar Association

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sarCevi

I. minimumze msubuqi sasjeli .......................................5

II. pirobiTi msjavri ......................................................11

III. Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis

gamijvnis sakiTxi ..........................................................28

V. TaRliTobis gamijvna xelSekrulebiT nakisri

valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis

samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobisagan ...............................76

VI. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

kerZo nawilSi gasatarebeli reformebi ...................83

VII. sasjelis individualizacia ..................................96

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sisxlis samarTlis kanondeblobis ukeT gagebisa da misi Semdgomi srulyofis mizniT unda ganvixiloT ramdenime problemuri sakiTxi:

1. minimumze msubuqi sasjelis daniSvna;2. pirobiT msjavrTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi;3. Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis gamijvnis sakiTxi;4. obieqturi da subieqturi niSniT kvalificirebuli Semadgen-

lobis gamijvnis mniSvneloba amsruleblisa da Tanamonawilis qmedebis kvalifikaciisas;

5. TaRliTobis gamijvna xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobisagan;

6. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi gasa-tarebeli reformebi;

7. sasjelis individualizaciiis problema.

I. minimumze msubuqi sasjeli

2006 wlis 26 aprilis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebamde sisxlis samar-Tlis kodeqsis (ssk) 55-e muxlis Sinaarsi iyo Semdegnairi: `Tu arse-bobs gansakuTrebiT Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba, sasamarTlos damna-Savis pirovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZlia daniSnos am kodeqsis Sesa-bamisi muxliT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis umdables zRvarze naklebi sasjeli an sxva ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeli“.

rogorc vxedavT, am normis gamoyenebis sakiTxs mTlianad wyvetda sasamarTlo da igi ar iyo pirobadebuli mxareTa Soris arsebuli raime winaswari SeTanxmebiT. amasTanave, sasamarTlo valdebuli iyo ganaCenSi daesabuTebina, rom saqmeSi arsebobda gansakuTrebiT Semam-subuqebeli garemoeba.

rac Seexeba imas, rom aseve unda gaeTvaliswinebina damnaSavis pirovneba, es sakanonmdeblo moTxovna SeiZleba Sefasdes sociolo-giuri skolis zegavlenad sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaze, rac garkveul xarvezad unda CaiTvalos.

marTalia, ssk 53-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT sasamarTlo sasjelis dan-iSvnisas dResac iTvaliswinebs damnaSavis warsul cxovrebas, magram saqme isaa, rom „damnaSavis pirovneba“ da „damnaSavis warsuli cxovre-ba“ ar moicavs erTsa da imave Sinaarss. kerZod, warsul cxovrebaSi ig-ulisxmeba, misi cxovrebis wesi: damokidebuleba kanonTan, socialur valdebulebebTan, ojaxTan, sazogadoebasTan da sxva. yvelaferi es ki, Tavis mxriv, vlindeba (anu Tavis gamoxatulebas povebs) calkeul qmedebebSi.

rac Seexeba pirovnebis maxasiaTebel niSnebs, aq SeiZleba mxedv-elobaSi miviRoT misi ganaTleba, socialuri statusi, qonebrivi md-

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gomareoba, pirovnuli xasiaTi (mxiarulia Tu sevdiani, komunikabelu-ria Tu Caketili) da sxva wminda pirovnuli monacemebi, rac metwilad damokidebulia ara mis Zalisxmevasa da kanonisa Tu moralisadmi pa-suximgeblur damokidebulebaze, aramed genetikurad gadacemul mo-nacemebsa da SesaZleblobebze da amdenad, mas samarTlebrivi mniSvn-eloba ar unda mieniWos.

ras niSnavs „am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis umdables zRvarze naklebi sasjelis daniSvnis ufleba“ da ro-dis SeiZleboda misi gamoyeneba sakanonmdeblo cvlilebamde?

ss kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis umd-ables zRvarze naklebi sasjeli ssk 55-e muxlis mixedviT sasamarT-lom SeiZleba daniSnos ara marto Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT, ar-amed nebismieri sxva sasjelis saxiT.

magaliTad, ssk 177-e muxlis (qurdobis) pirvel nawilSi sasjelis erT-erTi saxe jarimasa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTasTan erTad aris Tavisuflebis SezRudva erTidan sam wlamde.

Tuki sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlida am danaSaulisaTvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis daniSvnas, mas SeeZlo igi daeniSna erT wel-ze naklebi vadiTac.

rogor unda gavigoT „gansakuTrebiT Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba?“ aq ar igulisxmeba is, rom saqmeSi arsebobs ramdenime Semamsub-

uqebel garemoeba (magaliTad, danaSauli Cadenilia pirvelad, piri aRiarebs mas da inaniebs, nebayoflobiT anazRaurebs zians da sxva).

am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba SemTxveva, roca danaSaulis Cadenas xeli Seuwyo iseTma winapirobam (an winapirobebis erTobliobam), romelmac mniSvnelovnad ganapiroba am danaSaulis Cadena da rom-lis miuxedavad danaSaulis Cadenisagan Tavis Sekaveba mxolod gansa-kuTrebuli nebisyofis adamians xelewifeba.

sasamarTlo praqtikidan SeiZleba Semdegi magaliTi moviyvanoT: n.s. romlis warsuli arafriT iyo Selaxuli da romelsac hyavda sami Svili (maT Soris erTi mcirewlovani), aseve hyavda avadmyofi dedamTili, gasamarTlebul iqna ssk 187-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT sx-visi qonebis ganzrax ganadgurebisaTvis, rac Cadenili iyo cecxlis wakidebiT. es danaSauli Cadenil iqna Semdeg garemoebaSi:

n.s-s umcrosi Zma moklul iqna yaCaRebis mier Tavissave binaSi, ramac n.s-sTvis mZime travma gamoiwvia, radgan is Zma mas SviliviT hyavda gazrdili oblobaSi. mas adre kidev ori Zma hyavda gardacv-lili, saidanac erTi avtoavariaSi daiRupa, rasac erT TveSi n. s-s dedac gadahyva.

n. s-s Zmis mkvlelobidan garkveuli drois Semdeg dadginda, rom es yaCaRuri Tavdasxma da mkvleloba Caidines maTi ojaxis naTesaveb-

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ma, romlebic maTsave sofelSi cxovrobdnen. roca n.s-m Seityo, rom misi Zmis mkvlelebi maTi naTesavebi yo-

filan, is maSinve gaeSura yaCaRebis sacxovrebeli saxlisken. Tanac gacecxlebuli gzadagza mTeli xmiT gahkioda, rom dauwvavda misi Zmis mkvlelebs saxls. man jer dawva erT-erTi yaCaRis saxli. Semdeg dauyovnebliv gaemarTa meoris saxlisaken, aseTive Sinaarsis yviril-iT, da meore saxlic dawva (ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis 2001 wlis 10 ianvris ganCineba 165-ap).

swored am saqmeSi mocemuli SemTxveva gaxlavT gansakuTrebiT Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebis magaliTi da gvaZlevs ssk 55-e muxlis gamoyenebis safuZvels. mocemul saqmeze sasamarTlom gamoiyena es SesaZlebloba da sasjelis saxiT daniSna 187-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis umdables zRvarze (4 welze) naklebi.

dRes moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT ki aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ver gamoiyenebs ssk 55-e muxls, rac udavod sakanonmdeblo xarvezia.

ras niSnavs „an ufro msubuqi sasjelis daniSvnis ufleba“ da ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba misi gamoyeneba?

es ar unda gavigoT ise, TiTqos sasamarTlos Tavad SeuZlia saku-Tari iniciativiT raime axali msubuqi sasjelis „Seqmna“ (magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi gakicxvis daweseba), rac ss kanonmdeblobiT sasjel-Ta saxed araa gaTvaliswinebuli.

arc imgvarad unda gavigoT, rom sasamarTlos SeuZlia samarTlis sxva dargidan (magaliTad, administraciuli samarTlidan) „isesxos“ romelime msubuqi sasjelis saxe.

es „ufro msubuqi“ sasjeli aris alternatiuli sasjeli, rac dadgenilia ss kodeqsis zogadi nawiliT, magram mocemul SemTxvevaSi mas ar iTvaliswinebs kerZo nawilis Sesabamisi muxli, romliTac piri unda gasamarTldes. magaliTad, ganzraxi mkvleloba (108-e mux.) isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT 7-dan 15 wlamde. aq sxva saxis sasjeli araa gaTvaliswinebuli, magram, amis miuxedavad, sasamarTlos ssk 55-e muxlis safuZvelze SeuZlia sxva ufro msubuqi sasjelis daniSvna. magaliTad, Tavisuflebis SezRudvis daniSvna.

ra sakanonmdeblo xarvezis Sevsebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda ssk 55-e muxlis es danawesi piris sasargeblod?

ganvixiloT es sakiTxi Semdeg magaliTze: petre quCaSi seirnobda Tavis sacolesTan erTad. maT win gadaudga nasvami mamakaci, romelmac mZime sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayena mis sacoles da amave dros, ux-amsad dauwyo xelebis faTuri. aRSfoTebulma petrem kategoriulad mosTxova mas, wasuliyo Tavis gzaze, magram amaod, ucnobi ufro gaT-avxedda _ tansacmlis Semoxeva dauwyo gogonas.

8

petre Cavarda Zlieri sulieri aRelvebis mdgomareobaSi da iqve dagdebuli rkinis joxi Zlierad Caartya TavSi ucnobs, romelic miy-enebuli dazianebisagan adgilzeve gardaicvala.

petres es qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes ssk 108-e muxliT, ro-gorc martivi mkvleloba, radgan misi sacole araa petres axlo naTe-savi, rac aucilebeli winapirobaa qmedebis 111-e muxliT (mkvleloba, Cadenili Zlieri sulieri aRelvebis mdgomareobaSi) kvalifikaci-isaTvis.

meore magaliTi: petres mcirewlovani Svili quCas kveTda daSve-bul adgilas. am dros igi gaitana manqanam, romelsac marTavda pavle da romelmac aranormaluri siCqariT moZraobis gamo ver aicila es SemTxveva.

petre Cavarda Zlieri sulieri aRelvebis mdgomareobaSi da iqve mokla manqanis mZRoli.

misi qmedeba verc am SemTxvevaSi dakvalificirdeba ssk 111-e mux-liT, radgan afeqtis misateveblad CaTvlis erT-erTi aucilebeli winapiroba 111-e muxlis mixedviT aris msxverplis mier marTlsawi-naaRmdego Zaladobis Cadena.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi manqanis mZRoli, romelic moZraobda ara-normaluri siCqariT, marTalia, sCadioda marTlsawinaaRmdego qmede-bas, rac warmoadgens administraciul gadacdomas, magram saxeze ar aris marTlsawinaaRmdego Zaladoba. yvela marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba rodia marTlsawinaaRmdego Zaladoba.

amdenad, saxezea viTareba, roca qmedeba afeqtis, anu SezRudu-li Seracxaobis mdgomareobaSia Cadenili, magram SeuZlebelia misi kvalifikacia im muxliT, rac warmoadgens mkvlelobis privilegiur Semadgenlobas.

marTalia, qmedeba aseT SemTxvevaSi martivi mkvlelobiT kvali-ficirdeba, magram ssk 55-e muxlis adre moqmedi redaqciis mixedviT sasamarTlos ufleba hqonda, pirisaTvis sasjelis saxiT daeniSna Ta-visuflebis aRkveTa 108-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis min-imalur zRvarze naklebi (e.i. 7 welze naklebi) vadiT an sxva ufro msubuqi sasjelic ki (magaliTad, Tavisuflebis SezRudviT) da amiT mieaxloebina igi ssk 111-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul sasjelTan. amiT ivseboda is sakanonmdeblo xarvezi, riTac Cveni kanonmdebeli eg-zom zRudavs afeqtis SemTxvevaSi mis misateveblad CaTvlis SesaZle-blobas.

2006 wlis 28 aprilis kanoniT ki ssk 55-e muxlis gamoyenebis wi-napirobad dawesda mxareebs Soris saproceso SeTanxmebis dadeba. ras niSnavs es?

es niSnavs imas, rom ssk 55-e muxlis gamoyeneba braldebulis

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mimarT sasamarTlos Tavisi SexedulebiT ar SeuZlia, Tu mas win ar uZRvis prokuraturis „sanqcia“ saproceso SeTanxmebis saxiT. esaa sa-samarTlo xelisuflebis aSkara SezRudva sasjelis daniSvnis sakiTx-Si. zemoT xsenebul magaliTebSi sasamarTlo verc erT SeTxvevaSi ver gamoiyenebs ssk 55-e muxls, Tuki braldebuls ar eqneba dadebuli saproceso SeTanxmeba prokurorTan. miviReT viTareba, roca proku-ratura arapirdapir gaxda ssk 55-e muxlis gamoyenebis baton-patro-ni, rac samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi dauSvebelia.

ra cvlilebebia mosalodneli ssk 55-e muxlSi iusticiis saminis-trosTan arsebuli sakanonmdeblo reformis sakoordinacio sabWos mier SemoTavazebul proeqtSi?

proeqtis mixedviT am muxlis redaqcia Semdegnairadaa Camoyali-bebuli:

„1.sasamarTlos SeuZlia, daniSnos am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis umdables zRvarze naklebi sasjeli an sxva ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeli, Tu:

a) mxareebs Soris dadebulia saproceso SeTanxmeba, an b) braldebuli, romelic warsulSi ar yofila nasamarTlevi

gansakuTrebiT mZime an ganzraxi mZime danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, aRi-arebs danaSauls da saxezea Semamsubuqebel garemoebaTa erToblioba, ris gamoc mizanSewonilia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulze ufro msubuqi sasjelis daniSvna.

2. Tu am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxli ZiriTadi sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs mxolod Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulze ufro msubuqi sasjelis saxiT SeiZleba dainiSnos Tanamdebobis daka-vebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva, sazogadoebisaTvis sasarge-blo Sroma, samxedro piris samsaxurebrivi SezRudva an Tavisuflebis SezRudva.

3. am muxlis pirveli nawilis „b“ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul Sem-TxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos am kodeqsis Sesabamisi mux-liT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis udables zRvarze naklebi sasjeli. aseT SemTxvevaSi daniSnuli sasjeli ar unda iyos kanoniT dawese-buli umdablesi zRvris naxevarze naklebi“.

rogor unda daixvewos es proeqti? es proeqti unda daixvewos im-dagvarad, rom ssk 55-e muxlis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba mosamarTles mieces sruli moculobiT, aseve dawesdes misi gamoyenebis SesaZle-bloba mxareTa Soris saproceso SeTanxmebisas. kerZod, misi redaqcia unda Camoyalibdes Semdegnairad:

„sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT dawesebuli sasjelis zomis umdables zRvarze naklebi sasjeli an

10

sxva ufro msubuqi sasjeli, Tu: 1. arsebobs gansakuTrebuli Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba, an2. Tu mxareebs Soris dadebulia saproceso SeTanxmeba; 3. Tu am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxli ZiriTadi sasjelis saxiT

iTvaliswinebs mxolod Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulze ufro msubuqi sasjelis saxiT SeiZleba dainiSnos Tanamdebobis daka-vebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva, sazogadoebisaTvis sasarge-blo Sroma, samxedro piris samsaxurebrivi SezRudva an Tavisuflebis SezRudva“.

aseTi redaqciiT dadgindeba ssk 55-e muxlis gamoyenebis ori al-ternativa:

a) gansakuTrebuli Semamsubuqebeli garemoebis arsebobisas misi sruli moculobiT gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba sasamarTlos mier da

b) misi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba mxareebs Soris saproceso Se-Tanxmebis dadebisas, ra drosac SesaZloa, saqmeSi ar moipovebodes gansakuTrebuli Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba. ra upiratesoba aqvs am redaqcias proeqtSi SemoTavazebul redaqciasTan SedarebiT?

a) komisiis mier warmodgenili proeqtiT am muxlis gamoyenebis erT-erTi winapirobaa Semamsubuqebel garemoebaTa erToblioba, riT-ac SeuZlebeli xdeba misi gamoyeneba mxolod erTi iseTi Semamsubuqe-beli garemoebis arsebobisas, rogoricaa afeqti. es imas niSnavs, rom Cven mier zemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi mis gamoyenebas sasamarTlo ver SeZlebs, Tu mxareebs Soris araa dadebuli saproceso SeTanxmeba, rac araa gamarTlebuli.

b) aseve proeqtiT am muxlis gamoyeneba dauSvebelia, Tu warsulSi pirs Cadenili aqvs gansakuTrebiT mZime an ganzrax mZime danaSauli, rac SesaZloa, arc ki iyos ZaladobiTi xasiaTis. amdenad, aseTi Sez-Rudvis daweseba araa gamarTlebuli.

ssk 55-e muxlis Cven mier SemoTavazebuli redaqciis gaziarebis SemTxvevaSi ki gaizrdeba misi gamoyenebis areali, rac xels Seuwyobs rogorc ufro xanmokle Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, ise sxva alterna-tiuli sasjelebis gamoyenebas da aqedan gamomdinare, cixeebis gant-virTvas.

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II. pirobiTi msjavri

pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebi ra SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneboda 2006 wlis 28 aprils ganxorcielebul sakanonmdeblo cvlilebamde? am cvlilebamde ssk 63-e muxlis pirve-li nawili Semdegnairad iyo warmodgenili: „Tu msjavrdebulis gamo-sworeba SeiZleba sasjelad daniSnuli gamasworebeli samuSaos, samx-edro piris samsaxurebrivi SezRudvis, Tavisuflebis SezRudvis, an Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxdis gareSe, sasamarTlo daadgens, rom aRniSnuli sasjeli CaiTvalos pirobiT“.

rogorc vxedavT, pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebisas sasamarTlos ekisreboda ramdenime movaleoba:

a)daesabuTebina, rom piris gamosworeba SeiZleba ssk 63-e muxliis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili daniSnuli sasjelis gareSe;

b) unda gaeTvaliswinebina sasjelis daniSvnis safuZveli da piro-biTi msjavris mosalodneli efeqti (63-e m-is me-2 naw).

sxva SezRudva Cadenili danaSaulis raodenobis, misi simZimis an wina nasamarTlobis kuTxiT, ar iyo dadgenili, rac mosamarTles aZlevda am institutis farTod gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. Tumca, ra Tqma unda, misi gamoyeneba praqtikulad ar xdeboda iseTi Zalado-brivi danaSaulis Cadenisas, rogoricaa mkvleloba, yaCaRoba an gaupa-tiureba da sxva.

sadReisod ki mTeli rigi SezRudvebia dawesebuli pirobiTi ms-javris gamoyenebisaTvis. kerZod, ssk 63-e muxlSi miTiTebulia rom:

a) mxareebs Soris dadebuli unda iyos saproceso SeTanxmeba (63-e muxlis 1-li naw.);

b) ar unda iyos Cadenili gansakuTrebiT mZime an ganzraxi mZime danaSauli (me-2 naw.);

(amdenad, SesaZlebelia, Cadenili iyos mxolod ganzrax naklebad mZime danaSauli an gaufrTxilebeli danaSauli ( 63-e m-is me-3 naw.);

g) piri unda aRiarebdes danaSauls an/da TanamSromlobdes gamoZiebasTan (me-3 naw.);

d) warsulSi nasamarTlevi ar unda iyos gansakuTrebiT mZime an ganzraxi mZime danaSaulisaTvis (e.i. SeiZleba nasamarTlevi iyos gan-zrax naklebad mZime an gaufrTxilebeli danaSulisaTvis (me-3 naw.));

e) warsulSi nasamarTlevi ar unda iyos ori an meti ganzraxi da-naSaulisaTvis, Tundac es iyos naklebad mZime (me-4 naw.), rac aseve zRudavs pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas;

rac Seexeba gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulisaTvis nasamarTlobis ra-odenobas, amas ara aqvs mniSvneloba;

sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom, pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis

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aucilebeli winapiroba, ssk 63-e muxlis mixedviT, aris saproceso SeTanxmebis arseboba mxareebs Soris. aseTi SeTanxmebis ararsebobi-sas igi ar gamoiyeneba, Tundac piri warsulSi srulebiT ar iyos na-samarTlevi, xolo amJamad ki Cadenili hqondes naklebad mZime dana-Sauli an sulac gaufrTxilebeli danaSauli.

ufro metic, pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebisaTvis moqmedi kanon-mdebloba bolo dromde (2014 wlis agvistos sakanonmdeblo cvli-lebamde) winapirobad ar gulisxmobda saproceso SeTanxmebis yvela SemTxvevas.

cnobilia, rom ss saproceso kodeqsis 209-e muxlis mixedviT, 2014 wlis agvistomde, mxareebs Soris saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis ori SemTxveva arsebobda: a) SeTanxmeba bralze da b) SeTanxmeba sasjelze (209-e m-is 1-li naw.).

bralze SeTanxmebisas braldebuli aRiarebs danaSauls (sssk 209-e m-is me-4 naw.), xolo sasjelze SeTanxmebisas braldebuli ar ewinaaR-mdegeba wayenebul brals, Tumca eTanxmeba prokurors sasjelis zo-maze an misgan srulad gaTavisuflebaze. sasjelze SeTanxmebis Sede-gia piris nasamarTloba (amave muxlis me-3 naw.).

Cven mier gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi ki aucilebelia, sul mcire, piri aRiarebdes danaSauls. amdenad, Tu saproceso SeTanxmeba dade-buli iyo im viTarebaSi, roca piri ar ewinaaRmdegeba braldebas, ma-gram eTanxmeba prokurors sasjelis nawilSi, es imas niSnavs, rom igi ar aRiarebs danaSauls. gamomdinare aqedan, aseTi saproceso SeTanx-meba bolo dromde ar iyo ssk 63-e muxlis gamoyenebis safuZveli. (igive azria gatarebuli iuridiul literaturaSi)1.

rogorc vxedavT, pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebisas sasamarTlo sxva garemoebebTan erTad SezRuduli iyo saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis safuZvliTac ki, rac egzom zRudavda misi gamoyenebis Sesa-Zleblobas.

2014 wlis zemoT miTiTebuli cvlilebis Semdeg ki dawesda sapro-ceso SeTanxmebis dadebis mxolod erTi piroba _ SeTanxmeba bralze. amiT ki moixsna is problema, riTac izRudeboda pirobiTi msjavris gamoyeneba saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis safuZvliT.

marTalia, ss saproceso kodeqsSi gatarebuli am cvlilebis zogad Sefasebas gansaxilvel sakiTxTan pirdapiri kavSiri ara aqvs, magram mainc unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi cvlileba savsebiT gamarTlebulia, radgan misi dadebis erT-erT winapirobad sasjelze SeTanxmebis arse-boba braldebis mxarisaTvis qmnida safuZvels, braldebulze moexdi-na zewola, raTa gamoeZala misTvis Tanxmoba saproceso SeTanxmebaze.

1 n. gvenetaZe. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, avt. koleqt. Tb., 2007, gv. 393.

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mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs SemTxveva, roca prokurori ver krebda sakmaris mtkicebulebebs piris braldebisaTvis. am SemTxvevaSi pirze zewolis erT-erTi meqanizmi iyo saproceso SeTanxmebis SeTavzeba „momxiblve-li“ sasjelis, an sasjelisagan srulebiT gaTavisuflebis dapirebiT. aseTi SeTavazeba ki namdvilad mimzidvelia pirisaTvis moqmedi sapro-ceso kanonmdeblobis pirobebSi, roca saqmis ganxilvis dasrulebamde piri SesaZloa, winaswar patimrobaSi 9 Tve imyofebodes (ss saproceso kodeqsis 205-e m-is me-5 naw.).

xolo Tu aRkveT RonisZiebad araa Sefardebuli patimroba, da-naSaulis erTi SemTxvevis gamo winasasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebamde, piri braldebulad SeiZleba cnobili iyos 9 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. ma-gram Tu am vadis gasvlamde mas waredgina axli brali danaSaulis sxva SemTxvevis gamo, maSin 9-Tviani vadis dineba wydeba da vada aiTvleba axli bralis wayenebis dRidan ( ss saproceso kodeqsis 169-e m-is me-8 naw.).

amasTanave, mxedvelobaSi isicaa misaRebi, rom, Tu piris mimarT aRkveT RonisZiebad araa gamoyenebuli winaswari patimroba, sasamarT-lo saqmis ganxilvisas araa SezRuduli winaswar daTqmuli vadiT, saqme ganxiluli unda iyos gonivrul vadaSi, romelic sisxlissamar-Tlebrivi devnis dawyebidan ar unda aRematebodes am danaSaulisaT-vis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis xandazmulobis vadas.

magaliTad, Tu konkretuli muxliT sisxlisamarTlebrivi pasux-ismgeblobis xandazmulobis vada aris 5 weli, sisxlissamarTlebri-vi devna da saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilva SesaZloa, gagrZeldes 5 weli, rac didi tvirTia pirisaTvis rogorc moraluri, ise material-uri TvalsazrisiT. aseT pirobebSi, didi cduneba aqvs braldebuls, daTanxmdes saproceso SeTanxmebas sasjelze SeTanxmebis pirobiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom mis mimarT saqmeze araa Sekrebili sakmarisi mt-kicebulebebi, rac bralmdebels aZlevs saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis perspeqtivas. rac mTavaria, araa gamoricxuli, pirs arc ki hqondes Cadenili raime danaSauli.

yuradRebas ipyrobs piris nasamarTlobasTan dakavSirebuli erTi sakiTxi: ssk 63-e muxlis me-4 nawilSi aRniSnulia, rom „Tu msjavrde-buli warsulSi nasamarTlevi iyo ori an meti ganzraxi danaSaulisaT-vis, daniSnuli sasjelis CaTvla pirobiTad dauSvebelia“.

ismis kiTxva: ras niSnavs „warsulSi nasamarTlevi iyo“? xom ar igulisxmeba aq iseTi SemTxvevac, roca pirs ukve moxsnili an gaqar-wylebuli aqvs warsulis es nasamarTloba?

kerZod, sakiTxi dgas ase: ramdenad identuri Sinaarsi devs si-tyvebSi: „nasamarTlevi piri“ da „warsulSi nasamarTlevi piri“. sx-vagvarad rom vTqvaT, Tu SeiZleba gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi dat-

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virTva hqondes sityvebs: „nasamarTlobis armqone piri~ da „warsulSi nasamarTlobis armqone piri“?

saqme isaa, rom, marTalia, iuridiulad „nasamarTlobis armqoned“ iTvleba ara marto is, vinc faqtobrivad saerTod arasodes yofila nasamarTlevi, aramed isic, visi nasamarTloba moxsnili an gaqarwyle-bulia. magram am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yovelTvis SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: ramdenad CaiTvleba „warsulSi nasamarTlobis armqoned“ is, visac moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli aqvs nasamarTloba? marTalia, aseTi piri dRes ar iTvleba nasamarTlevad, magram warsulSi xom iyo na-samarTlevi?

amdenad, aseTi sakanonmdeblo formulireba iZleva sakiTxis orazrovnad gagebis SesaZleblobas, rac dauSvebelia. gamoricxuli araa, praqtikaSi piris sazianod iqnes ganmartebuli „warsulSi na-samarTloba“, rac dReisaTvis moxsnili an gaqarwylebulia da pirs daumZimdes mdgomareoba.

sakiTxis amgvarad gadawyveta ki Zirs uTxris nasamarTlobis gaqa-rwylebisa da misi moxsnis instituts, radgan akninebs mis samarT-lebriv mniSvnelobas. gamodis, rom es instituti formalurad arse-bobs, radgan kanonSemfardebels kanonis aseTi bundovani formuli-rebiT yovelTvis SeuZlia garkveuli SezRudva dauwesos nasamarT-lobamoxsnil an gaqarwylebul pirs.

sakiTxs isic amwvavebs, rom iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli nasamarT-loba mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciisas, magram igi SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli sasjelis daniSvni-sas. magaliTad, roca TaRliTobisaTvis nasamarTlobamoxsnili piri kvlav Caidens TaRliTobas.2

radganac doqtrinaSi arsebobs aseTi mosazreba, miT umetes, igi SeiZleba gaCndes sasamarTlo praqtikaSi. amis safuZveli ki ar unda misces mosamarTles moqmedma kanonmdeblobam.

ramdenad aqvs sakiTxis aseT ganmartebas sakanonmdeblo an Teori-uli safuZveli?

jer ganvixiloT igi sakanonmdeblo kuTxiT. saqarTvelos ss kodeqsis 79-e muxlis me-6 nawilis mixedviT:

„gaqarwylebuli an moxsnili nasamarTloba mxedvelobaSi ar miiRe-ba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis, danaSaulis kvalifika-ciisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZiebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas“.

rogorc vxedavT, aq xazgasma gakeTebulia ara marto qmedebis da-

2 Sead. i. dvaliZe. `sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, sasjeli da danaSauli, sxva sisxlissamarTlebrivi Sedegebi, Tb., 2013, gv. 99.

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naSaulad kvalifikaciaze, aramed sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismge-blobasa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZiebazec ki (magaliTad, pirobiTi msjavri, arasrulwlovnis gaTavisufleba ss pasuxismgeblobisa an sasjelisagan).

es imas niSnavs, rom kanonmdebeli krZalavs moxsnili an gaqar-wylebuli nasamarTlobis mxedvelobaSi miRebas ara marto qmedebis danaSaulad kvalifikaciis dros, aramed sasjelis daniSvnis drosac. esaa imperatiuli moTxovna, rasac sasamarTlo gverds ver auvlis.

amis miuxedavad, praqtikaSi arsebobs safrTxe, rom sasamarTlom moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli nasamarTlobis faqti faqtobrivad CaT-valos damamZimebel garemoebad da daniSnos ufro mkacri sasjeli, Tumca amis Sesaxeb ar miuTiTos ganaCenSi, radgan mas ara aqvs aseTi ufleba.

ufro metic, imisi safrTxec arsebobs, rom mtkicebulebaTa Se-fasebisas moxsnilma an gaqarwylebulma nasamarTlobam sasamarTloze moaxdinos faqtobrivi zegavlena piris sazianod. kerZod, man moaxdi-nos zegavlena misi damnaSaved cnobis sakiTxSi. marTalia, mosamarTle moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli nasamarTlobis faqts gadawyvetilebaSi mtkicebulebad ver miuTiTebs, magram es ar cvlis realobas, radganac mosamarTles SeuZlia, amgvari miTiTebis gareSe faqtobrivad gaiT-valiswinos igi.

gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis iseT SemTxvevaSi, roca piris gasamar-Tleba xdeba imave danaSaulisaTvis (magaliTad, mkvlelobisaTvis), razec igi warsulSi iyo nasamarTlevi, magram dReisaTvis nasamarT-loba gaqarwylebuli aqvs.

ra unda iyos aqedan gamosavali?problemis mosagvareblad Sesabamisi cvlileba unda Sevides ss

saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi, riTac unda aikrZalos gaqarwylebu-li an moxsnili nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb informaciis darTva sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. Tuki saqmeSi aseTi informacia ar iarsebebs, maSin masze verc prokurori gaakeTebs apelirebas sabraldebo sityvaSi da verc mosamarTle gaiTvaliswinebs mas mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas Tu sasjelis daniSvnisas.

erTaderT SemTxvevad, roca gamoZiebas unda mieces SesaZlebloba moipovos informacia gaqarwylebuli an moxsnili nasamarTlobis Ses-axeb, unda darCens gamoZiebis is etapi, sanam piris mimarT daiwyeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, vinaidan am etapze amgvari informacia xSirad exmareba gamoZiebas sagamoZiebo versiebis ukeT Camoyalibebasa da mis warmarTvaSi.

axla ganvixiloT es sakiTxi Teoriuli kuTxiT. ras niSnavs, rom nasamarTloba moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli piri

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iuridiulad iTvleba nasamarTlobis armqoned? es is SemTxvevaa, roca iuridiuli da faqtobrivi mxare ar emTx-

veva erTmaneTs. kerZod, faqtobrivad nasamarTlevi piri iuridiulad araa nasamarTlevi.

saerTod, sisxlis samarTalSi arsebobs sxva SemTxvevac, roca iuridiuli da faqtobrivi mxare ar emTxveva erTmaneTs. magaliTad, SualobiTi amsruleblobis drosac faqtobrivi wamqezebeli iuridi-ulad amsrulebelia, xolo faqtobriv amsrulebels an saerTod ar daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, an daekisreba pa-suxismgebloba mxolod gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulisaTvis.3

danaSaulis provokaciisas aseve ar emTxveva erTmaneTs faqtobri-vi da iuridiuli mxare, radgan faqtobrivi wamqezebeli iuridiulad sul sxva danaSaulis (kerZod, ssk 145-e m-is) amsrulebelia. xolo waqezebuli ki aris ara amave danaSaulis, aramed sul sxva umarTlo-bis amsrulebeli.4

iuridiuli da faqtobrivi mxaris aseTi ardamTxveva samarTlisaT-vis Cveulebrivi movlenaa, rasac samarTlebrivi fiqcia ewodeba, ra drosac samarTali qmnis Tavis sakuTar realobas, romlis uaryofa ar SeiZleba.5

am dros upiratesoba unda mieniWos sakiTxis ara faqtobriv, ar-amed iuridiul mxares. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi samarTlebrivi fiqcia azrs dakargavda.

sakiTxi SeiZleba ganvixiloT normisa da faqtis mimarTebis kuTx-iTac. kerZod, mocemul SemTxvevaSi norma aris sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 79-e muxli Tavisi nawilebiT, saidanac CvenTvis sainteresoa misi II, III, IV, V da VI nawilebi, sadac mowesrigebulia nasamarTlobis gaqarwylebisa da moxsnis sakiTxi. aseve sainteresoa is, Tu ra samar-Tlebrivi Sedegi mohyveba am faqts.

esaa norma, romelic ar emTxveva saqmis faqtobriv mxares. ker-Zod, faqtobrivad nasamarTlevi piri am normis mixedviT iuridiulad nasamarTlobis armqoned iTvleba. aqac normis moTxovnas upirate-soba eniWeba saqmis faqtobriv mxaresTan mimarTebaSi. iuridiuli azrovnebis wesi moiTxovs, samarTalSemfardebelma daiviwyos saqmis faqtobrivi mxare da sakiTxis gadawyvetisas ixelmZRvanelos normis moTxovnis mixedviT.

sakoordinacio sabWos mier SemuSavebuli kanonproeqtis ssk 63-e

3 Sead. T. wereTeli. Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi, gv. 131; g. naWyebia. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2007, gv. 208-209; o. gamyreliZe., sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, me-3 tomi, Tb., 2013, gv. 266-267.

4 Sead. o. gamyreliZe. dasax. naSr. gv. 278; n. Todua, sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, Tb., 2014, gv. 293 -294.

5 am sakiTxze ix. g. xubua. samarTlis Teoria, Tb., 2004, gv. 197.

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muxlis me-4 nawili unda Camoyalibdes Semdegnairad: „Tu msjavrde-buli nasamarTlevia ori an meti ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, daniSnuli sasjelis pirobiTad CaTvla dauSvebelia“.

xolo mas Semdeg, rac kanonproeqti miRebuli iqneba, es sakiTxi ssk 63-e muxlTan mimarTebaSi dRis wesrigidan moisxneba, radgan masSi araa gaTvaliswinebuli amgvari SezRudva pirobiTi msjavris gamoy-enebisaTvis.

Tumca aqve unda iTqvas, rom aseve unda Seicvalos warmodgenili kanonproeqtis 55-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „b“ qvepunqtis redaq-cia da igi unda daiwyos Semdegi sityvebiT: „braldebuli araa na-samarTlevi gansakuTrebiT mZime an ganzrax mZime danaSaulisaTvis ....“ nacvlad am kanonproeqtSi arsebuli sityvebisa: „braldebuli war-sulSi ar iyo nasamarTlevi gansakuTrebiT mZime an ganzraxi mZime danaSaulisaTvis“.

ver daveTanxmebiT iuridiul literaturaSi gamoTqmul mosaz-rebas imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos pirobiTi msjavris ramdenime saxe, saidanac zogierTi dakavSirebu-lia saproceso SeTanxmebasTan (63-e m-is 1-li naw.), xolo zogierTi SeiZleba dainiSnos saproceso SeTanxmebis gareSec (ssk 63-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 50-e muxlis me-5 naw).6

am mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod unda iTqvas, rom ssk 63-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT, sadac naTqvamia: „Tu mxareebs Soris dadebulia sap-roceso SeTanxmeba, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia daadginos, rom dan-iSnuli sasjeli CaiTvalos pirobiTad“ _ adgens pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis saerTo winapirobas, rac dakavSirebulia am muxlis dan-arCen nawilebTan.

amdenad, ssk 63-e muxlis pirveli nawili araa pirobiTi msjavris saxe, igi mxolod pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis aucilebel da form-alur winapirobas adgens, xolo sxva winapirobebi misi gamoyenebi-saTvis, dadgenilia 63-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamova, rom ssk 63-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT TiTqos dad-genilia, rom Tu mxareebs Soris dadebulia saproceso SeTanxmeba, maSin pirobiTi msjavris gamoyeneba yvela SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia da mniSvneloba ara aqvs arc Cadenili danaSaulis simZimes da arc warsulSi nasamarTlobis raodenobas, rac, ra Tqma unda, araa swori.

rac Seexeba pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis gamonaklis SemTxvevas, mas aregulirebs ssk sxva muxli. kerZod, 67-e muxlis me-5 nawili, ra drosac aseve aucilebelia saproceso SeTanxmebis arseboba mxareebs Soris, magram es sakiTxi SeTanxmebuli unda iyos saqarTvelos mTavar

6 Sead. i. dvaliZe. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, sasjeli da danaSaulis sxva sisxlissamarTlebrivi Sedegebi. Tb. 2013., gv. 129.

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prokurorTan an mis moadgilesTan. anu am gamonaklis SemTxvevaSic ki formaluri winapiroba saproceso SeTanxmebaze ZalaSi rCeba.

amasTan, aRsaniSnavia Semdegi faqti: am mosazrebis avtori sworad aRniSnavs imas, rom ssk 63-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mixedviT, arasrulw-lovnis mimarT pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebisas aucilebeli formal-uri winapiroba aris saproceso SeTanxmebis arseboba mxareebs Soris7

es, ra Tqma unda, sworia, magram maSin ismis kiTxva: Tuki 63-e mux-lis me-5 nawiliT dadgenili pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis aucile-beli winapirobaa saproceso SeTanxmeba, ratom araa igi aucilebeli imave muxlis me-3 nawilis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi?

rogoraa pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis sakiTxi mowesrigebuli iusticiis saministrosTan arsebuli sakanonmdeblo reformis sa-koordinacio saWos mier SemuSavebul zemoTxsenebul proeqtSi? am proeqtis mixedviT aRdgenilia 2006 wlamde arsebuli pirobebi da rac mTavaria, misi gamoyenebisaTvis araa saWiro saproceso SeTanx-meba, rac udvaod win gadadgmuli nabijia.

rac Seexeba ssk 50-e muxlis me-5 nawils, igi awesrigebs pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis sakiTxs maSin, roca sasjelis saxiT daniSnulia vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da amave dros, pirobiTad unda CaiT-valos ara mTliani sasjeli, aramed mxolod misi nawili. sasjelis danarCeni nawili ki msjavrdebulma realurad unda moixados.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ara aqvs Cadenili danaSaulis simZimes. kerZod, SesaZloa, Cadenili iyos gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulic ki. amasTanave, saWiroa:

a) braldebuli (msjavrdebuli) aRiarebdes danaSauls (Tu pirs ar waaswres danaSaulis Cadenisas an CadenisTanave),

b) asaxelebdes danaSaulis CadenaSi Tanamonawiles da g) TanamSromlobdes gamoZiebasTan.ismis kiTxva: Tu SeuZlia sasamarTlos ssk 50-e muxlis me-5 nawilis

gamoyeneba, roca mxareebs Soris araa dadebuli saproceso Seanxmeba? sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, aris Tu ara saproceso SeTanxmeba am normis gamoyenebis aucilebeli, formaluri winapiroba?

ssk 50-e muxlis me-5 nawilis redaqciidan keTdeba daskvna, rom am SemTxvevaSic aucilebelia saproceso SeTanxmebis arseboba mxareebs Soris. kerZod, 50-e muxlis me-5 nawilis im monakveTSi, sadac saubaria imaze, Tu ra proporciiT unda dainiSnos pirobiTi msjavri, naTqvamia: „saproceso SeTanxmebis garda, Tu Cadenilia gansakuTrebiT mZime da-naSauli, pirobiT msjavrad SeiZleba CaiTvalos daniSnuli sasjelis erTi meoTxedi, mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi _ sasjelis erTi mesamedi, naklebad mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi _ sasjelis naxevari“.

7 Sead. i. dvaliZe, iqve.

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sakiTxavia: ras niSnavs sityvebi: `saproceso SeTanxmebis garda“? Tuki am dros araa saWiro saproceso SeTanxmebis arseboba, maSin

ratomaa igi aq naxsenebi? kanonSi arasodes araa miTiTebuli is pi-roba, rac araa saWiro misi gamoyenebisaTvis. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ss kanoni yovelTvis pozitiurad CamoTvlis normis gamoyenebis wina-pirobebs da ara negatiurad.

sxva sakiTxia, roca ss kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlSi danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebis ukeT gagebisaTvis misi Semadgen-loba, SesaZloa, aRwerili iyos ara marto pozitiurad, aramed nega-tiuradac (magaliTad, ssk 185-e muxli: qonebrivi dazianeba motyue-biT, Tu ar aris am kodeqsis 180-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSau-lis niSnebi).

gamomdinare aqedan, ra Tqma unda, ssk 50-e muxlSi naTqvamia is, rom erT-erTi aucilebeli piroba sasjelis nawilze pirobiTi msja-vris gamoyenebisa, aris saproceso SeTanxmeba mxareebs Soris da ara is, rom am muxlis gamoyenebisaTvis saproceso SeTanxmeba araa saWiro.

ufro metic, aqac, iseve, rogorc ssk 63-e muxlSi, 2014 wlis agvis-tos sakanonmdeblo cvlilebamde ar igulisxmeboda saproceso Se-Tanxmebis yvela SemTxveva. aqac saproceso SeTanxmeba dadebuli unda yofiliyo im pirobebSi, roca piri aRiarebs danaSauls. amdenad, sap-roceso SeTanxmeba ar unda yofiliyo dadebuli sasjelze, anu im pirobiT, rom braldebuli ar ewinaaRmdegeba braldebas (rac imas niSnavs, rom ar aRiarebs danaSauls) da eTanxmeba prokuroris mier SeTavazebul sasjels.

sxva sakiTxia, ramdenadaa gamarTlebuli kanonmdeblis mier mosamarTlis aseTi SezRudva Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT daniSnu-li sasjelis nawilis pirobiTad CaTvlisaTvis?

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa, rogor iyo es sakiTxi mowesrigebuli 2006 wlis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebamde?

vinaidan maSin mosamarTle ar iyo SezRuduli pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebisas Cadenili danaSaulis arc simZimiT, arc raodenobiT da arc warsulSi nasamarTlobiT, ssk 50-e muxli ar icnobda aseT dan-awess da saerTod, sasjelis nawilis pirobiTad CaTvlis sakiTxi maSin arc ki idga.

amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom TavisTavad Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT daniSnuli sasjelis nawilis pirobiTad CaTvlis SesaZleblobis Semotana ss kodeqsSi win gadadgmul nabijad unda CaiTvalos, Tuki mas CamovaSorebT saproceso SeTanxmebas. igi win gadadgmuli nabi-ji iqneba, vinaidan, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, marTalia, adre moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT mosamarTle ar iyo SezRuduli pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis sakiTxSi, magram mas arasodes iyenebdnen gansakuTrebiT

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mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi. aseve iSviaTi iyo misi gamoy-eneba ganzraxi mZime danaSaulis Cadenisas.

amdenad, Tuki sasamarTlos miecema SesaZlebloba pirobiTad CaT-valos ara marto mTlianad daniSnuli sasjeli, aramed misi nawilic, es gaafarToebs am institutis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas, rac, erTi mxriv, humanuri aqtia da meore mxriv, xels Seuwyobs cixeebis gant-virTvas patimrebisagan.

rogoraa es sakiTxi gadawyvetili zemoT xsenebul kanonproeqtSi? am kanonproeqtis mixedviT gansaxilveli sakiTxi wydeba Tavad

ssk 63-e muxlSi, sadac mowesrigebulia pirobiTi msjavris daniSvnis safuZveli, rac ufro gamarTlebulia rogorc praqtikulad, aseve sakanonmdeblo teqnikis TvalsazrisiT. ssk 63-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi naTqvamia: „vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTisas sasamarTlo uflebamo-silia, ganaCeniT daadginos sasjelis nawilis moxda, xolo danarCeni nawilis pirobiTad CaTvla, Tu mosamarTle miiCnevs, rom damnaSavis gamosasworeblad aucilebeli ar aris sasjelis srulad moxda. Tu Cadenilia gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli, pirobiT msjavrad SeiZle-ba CaiTvalos daniSnuli sasjelis mesamedi. mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi _ sasjelis naxevari, xolo naklebad mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi _ sasjelis ori mesamedi“.

rogorc vxedavT, kanonproeqti im mxrivacaa ufro liberaluri, rom zrdis pirobiTad CasaTvleli sasjelis xvedriT wils dRes arse-bulTan SedarebiT, rac liberalizaciis mkafio gamovlinebaa.

pirobiTi msjavris gamoyeneba arasrulwlovnis mimarT (ssk 63-e muxlis me-5 naw.)

pirveli piroba aris is, rom msjavrdebuli ganaCenis gamotanis momentis drosac unda iyos arasrulwlovani;

sanam sxva pirobebs CamovTvliT, ganvixiloT, Tu ramdenad samar-Tliania es moTxovna? ratom abrkolebs arasrulwlovnis mimarT pi-robiTi msjavris gamoyenebas is faqti, rom arasrulwlovani piri ga-naCenis gamotanis momentisaTvis ukve srulwlovani gaxda?

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad unda gavixsenoT, Tu rogoraa ganmartebuli ss kodeqsis me-80 muxlSi arasrulwlovani damnaSavis asaki: sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisas an misgan gaTavisuflebisas arasrulwlovnad iTvleba is, visac danaSaulis Ca-denamde Seusrulda 14 weli, magram ar Sesrulebia 18 weli.

rogorc vxedavT, ss pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisas arasrulw-lovnad piris CaTvlisaTvis mTavaria is, rom igi ar iyo 18 wlis da-naSaulis Cadenamde da araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, rom piri ukve srulwlovani gaxda danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg (magaliTad, sa-samarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis an ganaCenis gamotanis droisaTvis).

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ssk 63-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT adgili aqvs swored sisxlissamarT-lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas, ra drosac SesaZlebelia dan-iSnuli sasjelis CaTvla pirobiT. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, pirobiTi msjavri, marTalia, araa sasjelis saxe, magram sadavo araa, rom igi aris sisxlissamarTlebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZieba.

amasTan dakavSirebiT, sworadaa aRniSnuli iuridiul liter-aturaSi, rom, Tuki sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaT-avisufleba niSnavs sruli ndobis gamocxadebas danaSaulis Camdenis mimarT, pirobiTi msjavri niSnavs ss pasuxismgeblobisagan sruli gaTavisuflebis mizanSewonilobaze garkveuli „eWvis datovebas“.8

amas isic unda daematos, rom piris ss pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTa-visufleba ar iwvevs am piris nasamarTlobas, rasac ver vityviT pi-robiTi msjavris gamoyenebisas. amdenad, sakiTxavia, maS, pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebisas piris arasrulwlovnebis sakiTxis gadawyveta ratomaa dakavSirebuli mis asakze ganaCenis gamotanis droisaTvis da ara mis asakze danaSaulis Cadenamde? vfiqrobT, am sakiTxSi ssk 63-e muxlis me-5 nawili ewinaaRmdegeba ssk me-80 muxlis Sinaarss.

sxva sakiTxia, Tu romel sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi unda moixados sasjeli msjavrdebulma _ arasrulwlovanTaTvis gankuT-vnil dawesebulebaSi Tu srulwlovanTaTvis gankuTvnilSi. arasrul-wlovanTaTvis gankuTvnil dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebuli mxolod ma-Sin gaigzavneba, Tu ganaCenis dadgenis momentisaTvis is jer kidev arasrulwlovania. amdenad, erTia sasjelis moxdis dawesebulebis gansazRvra da sul sxvaa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis da-kisreba, rasac aregulirebs ssk me-80 muxli.

Semdegi piroba arasrulwlovnis mimarT pirobiTi msjavris gamoy-enebisaTvis aris is, rom mas pirvelad unda hqondes Cadenili dana-Sauli;

es danaSauli ar unda iyos gansakuTrebiT mZime (e.i. SeiZleba iyos ganzraxi mZime);

aqedan gamomdinare, safiqrebelia, Tu ramdenad samarTliania is, rom pirobiTi msjavri ar gamoiyeneba, Tuki arasrulwlovani Tundac erTxelaa nasamarTlevi ganzrax naklebad mZime danaSaulisaTvis an gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulisaTvis? aseTi winapiroba araa dawesebuli srulwlovnisaTvis warsulSi nasamarTlobis kuTxiT. srulwlovani SeiZleba iyos nasamarTlevi ganzrax naklebad mZime danaSaulisaTvis an gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulisaTvis; es sakiTxi miT ufro problem-uria im pirobebSi, sanam pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis winapirobad jer kidev rCeba saproceso SeTanxmeba, risi dadebac unda moxdes danaSaulis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi.

8 Sead. i. dvaliZe. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, sasjeli da danaSaulis sxva sisxlissamarTlebrivi Sedegebi, Tb., 2013, gv. 127.

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rogoraa es sakiTxi gadawyvetili zemoT xsenebuli sabWos mier Se-muSavebul proeqtSi?

proeqtSi es sakiTxi ssk 63-e muxlis meoTxe nawiliT Semdegnai-radaa mowesrigebuli: „Tu msjavrdebuls danaSaulis Cadenis momen-tisaTvis ar Sesrulebia 18 weli da man pirvelad Caidina danaSauli, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia daadginos, rom daniSnuli sasjeli CaiT-valos pirobiTad, Tu mas Cadenili ara aqvs gansakuTrebiT mZime da-naSauli“.

rogorc vxedavT, aqac moixsna saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis aucilebloba, aseve moixsna danaSaulis aRiarebisa Tu gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlobis aucilebloba.

rac mTavaria, arasrulwlovanze dadgenili es SeRavaTi gavrcel-deba im SemTxvevSi, Tuki piri danaSaulis Cadenis momentisaTvis iyo arasrulwlovani da mniSvneloba ara aqvs mis asaks ganaCenis gamotanis momentisaTvis.

aqve unda iTqvas, rom erT-erT aucilebel winapirobad mainc rCe-ba danaSaulis pirvelad Cadena, rac am proeqtis garkveul xarvezad unda CaiTvalos, miT umetes, rom warsulSi gaufrTxilebeli dana-Saulis Cadenac pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebis Semakavebel garemoe-bad gamodis, rac gamarTlebulad ver CaiTvleba (ssk 67-e muxlis me-5 nawilis arsi).

rogor unda gavigoT Semdegi Canawerebi: a)„Tu pirobiT msjavrdebulma gamosacdel vadaSi ganzraxi dana-

Sauli Caidina“; dab) ras niSnavs: „sasamarTlo gaauqmebs pirobiT msjavrs da ms-

javrdebuls dauniSnavs sasjels am kodeqsis 59-e muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli wesiT“?

daviwyoT pirveliT. rodis SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom msjavrdebulma gamosacdel vadaSi Caidina ganzraxi danaSauli? udanaSaulobis pr-ezumfciis konstituciuri principidan gamomdinare, piris damnaSaved cnoba mxolod sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT. am-denad, roca sasamarTlo daadgens, rom pirma Caidina danaSauli da gamoitans gamamtyunebel ganaCens, mxolod am droidan SeiZleba iTq-vas, rom man gamosacdel vadaSi Caidina ganzraxi danaSauli. manamde ki, Tundac mis mimarT dawyebuli iyos sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, jer naadrevia imis Tqma, rom gamosacdel vadaSi Caidina ganzraxi danaSauli.

meore sakiTxi: rodis gaauqmebs sasamarTlo pirobiT msjavrs? am kiTxvaze pasuxi aseTi unda iyos: pirobiT msjavrs sasamarTlo maSin gaauqmebs, roca gamoaqvs gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni gamosacdel vadaSi Cadenili qmedebisaTvis, riTac damnaSaved cnobs pirs ganzraxi dana-

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Saulis CadenaSi. amdenad, pirobiTi msjavris gauqmebis ufleba aqvs mxolod im sasamarTlos, romelmac unda gamoitanos ganaCeni axlad Cadenili qmedebisaTvis. swored ase unda ganimartos sityvebi: „sa-samarTlo gaauqmebs pirobiT msjavrs da msjavrdebuls dauniSnavs sasjels am kodeqsis 59-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesis mixedviT“. e.i. sasamarTlo jer gaauqmebs pirobiT msjavrs da mxolod amis Sem-deg niSnavs sasjels 59-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. ssk 59-e muxliT sasjelis daniSvnaSi igulisxmeba ganaCenTa erToblioT sasjelis dan-iSvna.

gamomdinare aqedan, ismis sxva kiTxva: ra moxdeba maSin, Tuki piro-biTi msjavris vadis gasvlamde Cadenili qmedebisaTvis gamamtyunebe-li ganaCenis gamotanamde pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vada ukve gavida?

ganvixiloT es sakiTxi Semdeg magaliTze: petre gaasamarTles TaRliTobisaTvis da sasjelis saxiT Seufardes Tavisuflebis aRkve-Ta 2 wlis vadiT, rac CaiTvala pirobiT 2 wlis gamosacdeli vadiT.

gamosacdeli vadis dawyebidan 1 wlisa da 9 Tvis Semdeg petre amx-iles sxvisi nivTis ganadgurebaSi _ ssk 187-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT, ris gamoc mis mimarT daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da aRkveT RonisZiebad gamoyenebul iqna girao.

am saqmeze gamoZiebam ramdenime Tves gastana, ra drosac petre periodulad cxaddeboda probaciis biuroSi, aseve asrulebda masze dakisrebul sxva movaleobas, aseve bolomde Seasrula damatebiTi sasjeliT gaTvaliswinebuli movaleoba.

roca petres saqme gansaxilvelad gadaeca sasamarTlos, mis mimarT orwliani pirobiTi msjavris gamosacdeli vada ukve amowuruli iyo.

sasamarTlom dadasturebulad cno pirobiTi vadis gasvlamde pe-tres mier axali ganzraxi danaSaulis (ssk 187 m-is 1-li naw. ) Cadena.

ismis kiTxva: SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos, gaauqmos petres mimarT pirobiTi msjavri da sasjeli daniSnos ssk 59-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT?

am sakiTxis gadawyveta, Tavis mxriv, dakavSirebulia pirobiTi ms-javris Tavisebur samarTlebriv bunebasTan. kerZod, marTalia, igi araa sasjelis saxe, magram dakavSirebulia sasjelis institutTan. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, rom ar arsebobdes sasjeli, arc pirobiTi msjavri iarsebebda, amdenad, igi aqcesoruli bunebisaa.9

Tavad sasjeli ki dakavSirebulia gamamtyunebel ganaCenTan, rac imas niSnavs, rom konkretuli piris mimarT sasjeli ar arsebobs gama-

9 Sead. m. turava. sisxlis samarTli, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2013, gv. 27; i. dvaliZe., dasax. naSr. gv. 127-128; igive azria gatarebuli saqarTvelos sakonsti-tucio sasamarTlos mier 2009 wlis 13 maisis gadawyvetilebaSi, rac gamotanilia ssk me-3 muxlis 1-li nawilis konstituciurobasTan dakavSirebiT.

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mtyunebeli ganaCenis gareSe. amasTanave, pirobiTi msjavri aucileblad dakavSirebulia gamo-

sacdel vadasTanac. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, igi ar arsebobs gamo-sacdeli vadis gareSe.

amdenad, pirobiTi msjavri aris instituti, rac dakavSirebulia rogorc sasjelTan, ise gamosacdel vadasTanac da igi maT gareSe ar arsebobs.

Cvens SemTxvevaSi dgas Semdegi problema: a) erTi mxriv, gamam-tyunebel ganaCens, rac gamotanilia petres mimarT, aRsrulebis vada ara aqvs gasuli. amave dro, am ganaCeniT dadgenili sasjeli moxdi-ladac ver CaiTvleba, radgan pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili mTavari piroba _ axali ganzraxi danaSaulis Caudenloba _ msjavrdebulma ar Seasrula, man gamosacdeli vadis gasvlamde Caidina axali ganz-raxi danaSauli. man mxolod pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili meorex-arisxovani pirobebi Seasrula. es imas niSnavs, rom es ganaCeni samar-Tlebrivad „cocxalia“ da aRsrulebas eqvemdebareba.

b) meore mxriv ki, pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vada (am SemTxvevaSi 2 weli) ukve gasulia ise, rom igi am vadis gasvlamde ar gauqmebula saamisod uflebamosili organos mier. garda amisa, aravis SeuSlia xeli petresaTvis, daefiqsirebina Tavisi gamocxadeba proba-ciis organoSi, aseve Seesrulebina masze dakisrebuli sxva movaleoba. magaliTad, Seesrulebina damatebiTi sasjeliT dadgenili moTxovna imis miuxedavad, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebisaTvis ukve cnobili iyo piris mier danaSaulis savaraudod Cadenis faqti, ris gamoc mis mimarT dawyebuli iyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.

d) gamomdinare aqedan, sakiTxavia: saerTod, SesaZlebelia ki imis gauqmeba, risi moqmedebis vadac ukve gavida?

saqme isaa, rom, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, pirobiTi msjavri aris sasjelTan dakavSirebuli instituti, romlis moqmedebac dakavSire-bulia sasamarTlos mier dadgenil gamosacdel vadasTan. es imas niS-navs, rom pirobiTi msjavri, erTi mxriv, ar arsebobs sasjelis gareSe, xolo, meore mxriv, igi ar arsebobs gamosacdeli vadis gareSe.

amdenad, am gamosacdeli vadis gasvlis Semdeg pirobiTi msja-vri kargavs Tavis iuridiul mniSvnelobas. manamde ki igi inarCunebs amgvar mniSvnelobas.

pirobiTi msjavris kavSiri gamosacdel vadasTan gansakuTrebiT Cans im SemTxvevaSi, roca daniSnuli sasjelis xangrZlivoba da gamo-sacdeli vadis xangrZlivoba ar emTxveva erTmaneTs. magaliTad, pirs sasjelad daeniSna Tavisuflebis aRkveTa erTi wlis vadiT, rac sa-samarTlom CauTvala pirobiT 2 wlis gamosacdeli vadis dawesebiT. am SemTxvevaSi 2 weli aris is vada, romlis ganmavlobaSic pirma unda Seasrulos dakisrebuli movaleoba da am vadis gasvlis Semdegac

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sasjeli (am SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTa erTi wliT) aRsrule-bulad iTvleba, amdenad, igi ar moiyvaneba sisruleSi.

gamomdinare aqedan, Tuki sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis drois-aTvis wina ganaCeniT pirobiTi msjavriT dadgeneli gamosacdeli vada ukve gasulia ise, rom igi aravis gauuqmebia an misi dineba aravis SeuCerebia, gamodis, rom sasamarTlo pirobiT msjavrs ver gaauqmebs, radgan igi ukve iuridiulad isedac ar arsebobs.

e) rogorc vxedavT, miviReT situacia, rac unda ganvixiloT or planSi:

erTi mxriv, gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT dadgenili realuri sasjeli jer kidev ZalaSia da aRsrulebas eqvemdebareba, radgan pirma ar Seas-rula masze dakisrebuli mTavari piroba. meore mxriv ki, amowurulia pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vada, ris gamoc SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirobiT msjavrs dakarguli aqvs Tavisi iuridiuli Zala.

Sesabamisad, SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom radgan SeuZlebe-lia ararsebuli pirobiTi msjavris gauqmeba, aseve SeuZlebelia im sasjelis moxdis daweseba, rac dadgenili iyo pirveli ganaCeniT, e.i. SeuZlebelia sasjelis daniSvna ganaCenTa erTobliobiT.

saxezea viTareba, roca pirveli ganaCeniT dadgenili pirobiTi msjavris ZiriTadi piroba (ganzraxi danaSaulis Caudenloba gamo-sacdel vadaSi) msjavrdebulma ar Seasrula, magram, amis miuxeda-vad, mis mimarT sadavoa pirveli ganaCeniT dadgenili im sasjelis aRsruleba, rac CaTvlili iyo pirobiT.

meore mxriv, ss kodeqsis 67-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT imperatiulad, yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe dadgenilia, rom Tu msjavrdebulma gamosacdel vadaSi ganzraxi danaSauli Caidina, sasamarTlo gaauqmebs pirobiT msjavrs da msjavrdebuls dauniSnavs sasjels am kodeqsis 59-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT.

rogorc vxedavT, aq araferia naTqvami im SemTxvevaze, roca pi-robiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vada ukve gasulia da mis gasvlamde msjavrdebuli agrZelebda masze dakisrebuli sxva movale-obis Sesrulebas. amasTanave, am kuTxiT mas dabrkoleba oficialuri organoebisagan ar Seqmnia, imis miuxedavad, rom mis mimarT sisxlis-samarTlebrivi devna dawyebuli iyo axlad Cadenili qmedebisaTvis.

rogorc vxedavT, sakiTxi bundovania da saWiroebs mowesrigebas sakanonmdeblo doneze, raTa man praqtikaSi ar gamoiwvios dava.

ra SeiZleba iyos aqedan gamosavali? msgavsi viTarebis mosawes-rigeblad aucilebelia sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis srulyo-fa masSi damatebebis SetaniT.

kerZod, ssk 67-e muxls unda daematos Semdegi Sinaarsis me-31. nawili:

„Tu pirobiT msjavrdebuli gamosacdel vadaSi mxilebul iqna da-

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naSaulis CadenaSi da mis mimarT daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, misi braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotanisTanave, prokuroris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo SeaCerebs pirobiTi msja-vriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vadis dinebas, ris Sesaxeb dauyonebliv unda acnobos probaciis biuros.

am saqmeze piris mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis an pirobiT msjavrdebulis mimarT am saqmeze gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi, anda im SemTxvevaSi, roca gamosacdel vadaSi Cadenilia gaufrTxilebeli danaSauli da sasamarTlo ar gaauqmebs pirobiT msjavrs, sasamarTlo agrZelebs gamosacdeli vadis dinebas sakuTari iniciativiT, an sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetisas _ prokuroris SuamdgomlobiT, rac aseve dauyonebliv unda ecnobos probaciis biuros.

Tuki pirobiT msjavrdadebuli gamosacdeli vadis ganmavlobaSi gadis mkurnalobis aucilebel kurss, gamosacdeli vadis SeCereba ar iwvevs am mkurnalobis kursis SeCerebas“.

alternativis saxiT ssk 67-e muxlis me-31 nawili SesaZlebelia aseTnairadac Camoyalibdes: „Tu pirobiT msjavrdebuli gamosacdel vadaSi mxilebul iqna danaSaulis CadenaSi da mis mimarT daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, misi braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis gamotana iwvevs pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vadis SeCerebas, ris Sesaxeb prokurori dauyovnebliv acnobebs proba-ciis biuros. am saqmeze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis an pirobiT msjavrdebulis mimarT gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi, anda im SemTxvevaSi, roca gamosacdel vadaSi Cadenilia gaufrTxilebeli danaSauli da sasamarTlo ar gaauqmebs pirobiT ms-javrs, es iwvevs pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vadis dinebis gagrZelebas, rac sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetisas prokuroris mier, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi _ sasamarTlos mier dauyo-nebliv unda ecnobos probaciis biuros.

roca pirobiT msjavrdadebuli gamosacdel vadaSi gadis mkurnalobis aucilebel kurss, gamosacdeli vadis SeCereba ar gamoi-wvevs mkurnalobis kursis SeCerebas“.

aqedan gamomdinare ki, ra Tqma unda, Sesabamisi cvlileba Setanil unda iqnes ss saproceso kodeqsSic.

ss kodeqsSi aseTi cvlilebis Setanis SemTxvevaSi praqtikaSi ar Seiqmneba iseTi problemuri viTareba, roca pirobiTi msjavris mTa-vari piroba araa Sesrulebuli, magram pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vada ki ukve amowurulia.

ra xdeba maSin, roca pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vadis amowurvidan garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg gairkveva, rom am pirs gamosacdeli vadis gasvlamde Cadenili hqonia danaSauli?

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am SemTxvevaSi pirobiTi msjavriT dadgenili gamosacdeli vadis gasvlis gamo (romlis dinebisas ar iyo dafiqsirebuli raime dar-Rveva msjavrdebulis mxridan) gauqmebulia pirobiTi msjavri, rac imas niSnavs, rom ganaCeni aRsrulda da pirma sasjeli TavisuflebaSi moixada. aqedan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia ukve aRsrulebuli ganaCe-nis xelmeored aRsrulebisaken miqceva. aseve SeuZlebelia ukve gau-qmebuli pirobiTi msjavris xelmeored gauqmeba da sasjelis daniSvna ganaCenTa erTobliobiT.

zemoT ganxiluli SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebiT, am SemTxvevaSi Se-sabamisi organoebi xels ver SeuSlidnen msjavrdebulis mier gamo-sacdel vadaSi dadgenili sxva movaleobis Sesrulebas, radgan maT-Tvis ar iyo cnobili am vadaSi piris mier Cadenili iseTi qmedebis Sesaxeb, rac danaSaulis niSnebs Seicavs.

amdenad, am SemTxvevaSi pirs damoukideblad daekisreba sisxlis-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba gamosacdel vadaSi Cadenili dana-SaulisaTvis.

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III. Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis gamijv-nis sakiTxi

amsruleblisa da Tanamonawilis gamijvna problemuri da sadavo sakiTxia rogorc doqtrinaSi, ise sasamarTlo praqtikaSi. masze Seqm-nilia sxvadasxva Teoria.

magaliTad, formalur-obieqturi Teoria, romlis mixedviTac amsrulebelia is, vinc mTlianad an nawilobriv uSualod asrulebs qmedebis (danaSaulis) obieqtur Semadgenlobas. xolo Tanamonawilea is, vinc danaSaulis obieqtur SemadgenlobaSi ar iRebs uSualo monawileobas, aramed sxvagvarad ganapirobebs danaSaulis Cadenas (uwevs organizebas, iyoliebs amsrulebels an exmareba mas). amsrule-belia aseve is, vinc sxva piris _ cocxali iaraRis meSveobiT asru-lebs danaSaulis obieqtur Semadgenlobas (SualobiTi amsrulebeli). am dros „cocxal iaraRs“ an saerTod ar ekisreba sisxlissamarT-lebrivi pasuxismgebloba, an SesaZloa, daekisros mxolod gaufrTx-ileblobisaTvis;

subieqturi Teoria, romlis mixedviTac amsrulebelia is, vinc moqmedebs amsruleblis nebiT da qmedebas, rogorc sakuTars axor-cielebs. xolo Tanamonawilea is, vinc qmedebas axorcielebs, rogorc sxvisas. amdenad, am TeoriiT amsruleblobisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, Tu vin asrulebs danaSaulis obieqtur Semadgenlobas, ar-amed amsrulebelia is, visac es qmedeba surs, rogorc sakuTari. am dros SesaZloa, Tavad uSualod arc asrulebdes danaSaulis obieq-tur Semadgenlobas. xolo Tanamonawilea is, visac es qmedeba surs, rogorc sxvisi (magaliTad, germaniaSi momxdari e.w. „abazanis SemTx-veva“).

materialur-obieqturi, anu finalur-obieqturi Teoria, romlis safuZvelzec ganviTarda e.w. qmedebaze batonobis Teoria. am Teoriis mixedviT qmedebaze batonoba sami formiT vlindeba: 1.uSualo ams-rulebloba, roca piri uSualod asrulebs qmedebis Semadgenlobis yvela niSans; 2.SualobiTi amsrulebloba, roca piri qmedebas sCadis sxva piris meSveobiT. am dros es sxva piri SesaZloa moqmedebdes sruli deliqtunarianobiT (maT Soris ganzraxac); 3.Tanaamsrulebe-lia isic, visac, marTalia, uSualo monawileoba ar miuRia qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaSi, magram funqcionalurad dakavSirebuli iyo qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis uSualo procesTan (magaliTad, korpusis gareT darajad dgomis faqtiT).

TiToeul am Teorias, romelic gansxvavebulad wyvets amsrule-blisa da Tanamonawilis sakiTxs, Tavisi momxre da mowinaaRmdege hy-avs rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise sxva qveynebSi. gansaxilvel sakiTxs

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gamokvlevebi miuZRvnes iseTma qarTvelma mecnierebma, rogorebic arian prof. T. wereTeli, o. gamyreliZe, g. naWyebia, q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, m. turava da sxvebi.

unda iTqvas, rom doqtrinaSi dasmuli sakiTxi ganxiluli ar yo-fila danaSaulis momzadebisa da mcdelobis institutTan Sepirisp-irebis gziT. arada momzadebisa da mcdelobis gamijvna swored rom aris is gasaRebi, rac dagvexmareba amsruleblisa da Tanamonawilis gamijvnaSi.

sanam gavarkvevdeT, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs danaSaulis momza-debisa da mcdelobis gamijvnas amsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis sakiTxis gamijvnisaTvis, jer pasuxi unda gaeces ramdenime kiTxvas.

aris Tu ara danaSaulis momzadeba misi obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis dasawyisi? rogor gavigoT sityvebi: „pirobebis ganz-rax Seqmna danaSaulis Casadenad“?

am sakiTxze iuridiul literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. mag-aliTad, prof. T. wereTeli miiCnevda, rom momzadebad unda CaiT-valos moqmedeba, rac win uZRvis danaSaulis Semadgenlobis uSualod ganxorcielebas, roca es qmedeba axlosaa danaSaulis mcdelobas-Tan10. misi azriT, momzadebisas piri ar axorcielebs danaSaulis obi-eqtur Semadgenlobas. amitom iaraRis SeZena mkvlelobisaTvis, anda danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis daTvaliereba araa mkvlelobis Semadgen-lobis dasawyisi11. mosamzadebeli moqmedeba warmoadgens pirobebis Seqmnas danaSaulis Casadenad, e.i. iseTi moqmedebis Cadenas, romelic SemdgomSi uzrunvelyofs an aadvilebs danaSaulis Cadenas, magram TavisTavad mosamzadebeli moqmedeba jer kidev ar aris ss kodeqsis kerZo nawilis muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba.12 imave poziciaze idga cnobili rusi mecnieri traini-ni, romlis azriT, momzadebisas danaSaulis Semadgenlobis obieqtur sferoSi saxezea moqmedeba, ramelic araa danaSaulis Semadgenlobis elementi.13 qarTvel mecnierTa nawilic am azrzea. magaliTad, prof. m. turavas azriT, momzadebis stadiaze pirs jer kidev ar dauwyia danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba, aramed mxolod pirobebi moamzada misi CadenisaTvis, romelic yovelTvis SeiZleba ukan waiRos ise, rom samarTlebriv sikeTes araviTari ziani ar miadg-es.14

aseTive mosazreba ramdenadme gansxvavebulad aris Camoyalibebu-li avtorTa koleqtivis mier gamocemul sisxlis samarTlis zogadi

10 Sead. T. wereTeli. danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba, gv. 88.11 Sead. T. wereTeli. iqve, gv. 84.12 Seadar. T.wereTeli, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, I. tomi, Tb., 2007, gv. 385.13 Seadar. А. Н. Траинин. общее учение о преступлении, стр. 300-302.14 m.turava. sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2013, gv. 301.

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nawilis saxelmZRvaneloSi, sadac vkiTxulobT: momzadebis sakanon-mdeblo definiciidan SeiZleba mogveCvenos, TiTqos danaSaulis ganx-orcieleba jer kidev ar aris dawyebuli. „danaSaulis CadenisaTvis pi-robebis ganzrax Seqmna“ erTi SexedviT iZleva safuZvels, vTqvaT, rom pirobebis Seqmna danaSaulis farglebs gareT moizreba. swori iqneba Tu vityviT, rom kanonmdebeli aq gulisxmobs danaSaulis Semadgen-lobas viwro gagebiT. pirobebi ganzrax iqmneba swored viwrod gage-buli danaSaulis Semadgenlobis gansaxorcieleblad15. rogorc Cans, am mozarebis mixedviT erTmaneTisagan gamijnulia „danaSaulis ganx-orcieleba“ da „danaSaulis Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba“. mTavari isaa, rom aqac arsebiTad gaziarebulia mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac momzadebisas piri jer ar axorcielebs danaSaulis obieqturi mxaris sakanonmdeblo Semadgenlobas.

gansxvavebul poziciaze dgas prof. o. gamyreliZe, romelic miiC-nevs, rom, Tuki momzadebisas moqmedeba ar qmnis qmedebis (danaSaulis) Semadgenlobas, maSin unda vaRiaroT, rom Cveni sisxlis samarTali qmedebis samarTali ar yofila da rom adamiani SeiZleba davsajoT az-ris gamoTqmisaTvis. Tuki kanonmdebelma dasjadad gamoacxada kacis mokvlis mizniT iaraRis an saSualebis damzadeba, maSin es mkvlelobis Semadgenlobis niSnad unda vaRiaroT.16

am mosazrebas ver daveTanxmebiT ramdenime garemoebis gamo: jer erTi, roca momzadebas ar miviCnevT danaSaulis obieqturi Semad-genlobis niSnad, aqedan srulebiTac ar gamomdinareobs, rom sisx-lis samarTali araa qmedebis samarTali, aramed igi azris samarTa-lia, radgan momzadeba SeuZlebelia azris gamoTqmiT, igi garkveuli qmedebis ganxorcielebiTaa SesaZlebeli;

meorec, Tuki mosamzadebeli qmedebebic Sedis danaSaulis Semad-genlobaSi, maSin ratom uqmnis igi samarTliT dacul sikeTes mx-olod samomavlo safrTxes, ris gamoc egzom sadavoa misi dasjadobis sakiTxi? cnobilia, rom qarTul sisxlis samarTlis doqtrinaSic XX saukunis 60-iani wlebidan akritikebdnen danaSaulis momzadebis prin-cipul dasjadobas swored im argumentiT, rom am dros jer kidev araa dawyebuli sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilSi gaTvaliswinebuli dana-Saulis Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba da amdenad, es qmedeba konkre-tuli danaSaulis ganxorcielebis realur safrTxes jer ar qmnis. amasTanave, adamianma SeiZleba konkretuli danaSauli moamzados, ma-gram Semdeg gadaifiqros. amitom konkretuli mosamzadebeli qmede-bebi mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis calkeuli

15 ix. i. dvaliZe. sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, avtorTa koleqtivi, gv. 158-159.

16 Sead. o. gamyreliZe. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, me-3 tomi, Tb., 2013, gv. 239.

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muxlebiT unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rogorc damTavrebuli danaSauli.17 mesame, Tuki momzadebac danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSania, ma-

Sin gamodis, rom danaSaulis Semadgenlobis obieqturi niSnebi unda daiyos or nawilad: 1. obieqturi Semadgenlobis iseTi niSani, rac mxolod Soreul safrTxes uqmnis samarTlis dacul sikeTes da 2. obieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani, rac mas imwuTier safrTxes uqmnis;

meoTxe, Tuki momzadebasac vaRiarebT danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis niSnad, maSin ismis kiTxva: riT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTi-sagan momzadeba rogorc danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani da daumTavrebeli mcdeloba, romelic namdvilad aris danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani?

aq pasuxi SeiZleba mxolod erTi iyos: momzadeba ar gvaZlevs da-naSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis arc erT niSans, igi mxolod pi-robebs qmnis mis gansaxorcieleblad. xolo daumTavrebeli mcdelo-bisas ukve dawyebulia danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxor-cieleba.

sakiTxis amgvarad gadawyvetisas ismis kiTxva: axorcielebs Tu ara danaSaulis obieqtur Semadgenlobas is, vinc mokvlis mizniT iaraRs daumiznebs msxverpls, anda imave mizniT aRmarTavs danas msxverplze dasartymelad? riT unda aixsnas, rom aseTi qmedeba udavod Sefase-bulia, rogorc danaSaulis mcdeloba da ara misi momzadeba?

aseTi qmedeba danaSaulis mcdelobad unda CaiTvalos, radgan:a) igi aris ganzraxi qmedeba, rac uSualod mimarTulia danaSau-

lis (mkvlelobis) Casadenad;b) am dros ukve arsebobs samarTlebrivi sikeTis (sicocxlis) da-

zianebis ara samomavlo, aramed imwuTieri safrTxe;g) es qmedeba msxverplis winaaRmdeg ukve Zaladobis dawyebas niS-

navs da ara danaSaulis CadenisaTvis pirobebis ganzrax Seqmnas;d) aseTi qmedeba aranakleb (Tu ara ufro met) konkretul

safrTxes uqmnis samarTlebriv sikeTes, vidre msxverplis gakavebis faqti.

sakiTxavia: fasdeba Tu ara gansxvavebulad erTi da igive qmede-ba (rogorc momzadeba an rogorc mcdeloba) im qveynebSi, romlebic momzadebis dasjadobas ar iTvaliswineben sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-sis zogad nawilSi da im qveynebSi, sadac momzadeba dasjadi stadiaa? ganvixiloT es sakiTxi germaniis federaciuli respublikisa da saqa-rTvelos magaliTze. kerZod, rogor fasdeba germaniis federaciul respublikasa da saqarTveloSi is qmedebebi, rac win uZRvis konkret-uli danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis dawyebas?

germanuli sisxlis samarTlis praqtika iyenebs kanonis ganvrco-

17 Sead. T. wereTeli. danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba, gv. 90, 93.

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biT ganmartebas mosamzadebel qmedebaTa dasjisaTvis18. amdenad, aq binasTan Casafreba, anda mkvlelobis mizniT binaSi Sesvla Tu msxver-plis Zebna binaSi, kvalificirdeba, rogorc mkvlelobis mcdeloba da ara misi momzadeba. germaniis federaluri sasamarTlo mcdelobad akvalificirebs Casafrebas yaCaRobis Cadenis mizniT maSinac, roca msxverpli saerTod ar gamoCndeba. aseve qurdobis mcdelobad CaiTv-leba yvela qmedeba, rac drosa da sivrceSi uSualod nivTis daufle-bas win uZRvis. magaliTad, ezos ZaRlis sxvagan wayvana qurdobis gas-aadvileblad19.

yvela es qmedeba saqarTveloSi warmoadgens pirobis ganzrax Seqm-nas danaSaulis Casadenad, radgan arc erT zemoT miTiTebul SemTx-vevaSi pirs jer ara aqvs dawyebuli danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgen-lobis ganxorcieleba. amdenad, saxezea momzadeba da ara mcdeloba. gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia yaCaRobis zemoT moyvanili SemTxveva, radgan saqarTveloSi aRiarebulia, rom yaCaRobas, rogorc Sedegga-reSe danaSauls, saerTod ar axasiaTebs mcdeloba. SesaZloa, adgili hqondes yaCaRobis an momzadebas, an yaCaRobas, rogorc damTavrebul danaSauls.20

xolo germaniis federaciul respublikaSi, sadac yaCaRobas, romelic aris sxvisi moZravi nivTis Zaladobrivi daufleba (da ara Tavdasxma sxvisi moZravi nivTis dauflebis mizniT), axasiaTebs mcd-elobis stadia da mcdelobad akvalificireben ara marto Tavdasxmis faqts, aramed Casafrebasac ki Tavdasxmis mizniT.

rogorc vxedavT, amgvar qmedebebs mcdelobis Sefaseba eZleva germaniaSi, sadac momzadeba araa principulad dasjadi stadia. xolo saqarTveloSi, sadac momzadeba dasjadi stadiaa, maT eZleva momza-debis Sefaseba.

aqedan gamomdinare, ismis kiTxva: Tuki es asea, maSin ra upirate-soba aqvs im qveynebis kanonmdeblobas, romlebic ar aRiareben momza-debis principul dasjadobas? iqneb ufro humanuri da samarTliani arian is qveynebi, romlebic momzadebas dasjad stadiad aRiareben?

aseTi qveynis kanonmdeblobas aqvs mTeli rigi upiratesoba qa-rTul kanonmdeblobasTan SedarebiT. kerZod, ar isjeba e.w. daum-Tavrebeli momzadeba, roca pirs jer ar SuZlia uSualod gadavides danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaze, roca jer saamisod araa momzadebuli yvela saWiro piroba.

magaliTad, a-m q. gorSi SeiZina niRabi, rezinis xelTaTmani, mCx-

18 q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi. sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, danaSaulis gamov-linebis calkeuli formebi, Tb., 2011, gv. 28.

19 Sead. q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi. iqve, gv. 28-29.20 sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, Tb., 2014, gv. 423; sisxlis

samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, avt. koleqtivi, Tb., 2007, gv. 172.

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vletavi saSualeba da gamoemarTa Tbilisisaken. mas surda TbilisSi Caedina yaCaRoba, Tumca saTanado Tavdasxmis obieqti jer ar hqonda SerCeuli.

im qveynebSi, sadac momzadeba araa dasjadi stadia (magaliTad, germaniis federaciul respublikaSi), aseT SemTxvevaSi piri sisxlis-samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ar daeqvemdebareba.

Tumca aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom daumTavrebeli momzadeba germaniis federaciaSi ar isjeba mxolod maSin, Tuki saxezea erTi amsrulebeli. xolo ukeTu saxezea ramdenime piri, romlebic SeTanx-mdebian danaSaulis (magaliTad, yaCaRobis) Cadenaze, germaniis feder-aciuli respublikis ss kanonmdeblobis mixedviT isini pasuxs ageben danaSaulSi (magaliTad, yaCaRobaSi) Tanamonawileobis mcdelobisaT-vis (ix. germaniis federaciuli respublikis ssk 30-e paragrafi).

rogorc vxedavT, Tu saxezea ori amsrulebeli, maSin sisxlissa-marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisaTvis sakmarisia maT Soris mxolod SeTanxmeba konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenaze da mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, maT ganzrax Tu Seqmnes sxvagvari piroba danaSaulis Casadenad. magaliTad, SeiZines Tu ara danaSaulis iaraRi an saSu-aleba, Tu daaTvalieres danaSaulis Cadenis adgili da sxv.

rogor gadawydeba es SemTxveva saqarTveloSi? saqarTveloSi es sakiTxi praqtikaSi sadavo gaxdeba da savsebiT SesaZloa, dasruldes sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebiT yaCaRobis momza-debisaTvis (msgavs SemTxvevas marTlac hqonda adgili warsulSi);

saqme isaa, rom saqarTvelos ssk me-18 muxlis redaqcia isea agebu-li, SesaZloa, sadavo gaxdes sakiTxi, daisajos Tu ara daumTavrebeli momzadebac, roca pirma erT-erTi piroba Seqmna danaSaulis Casade-nad, magram yvela saWiro piroba jer ar Seuqmnia da amdenad, jer ar SeuZlia, dauyovnebliv gadavides danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlo-bis ganxorcielebaze. amdenad, SesaZlebelia, amgvari SemTxveva yaCa-Robis momzadebad dakvalificirdes.

yvelaferi amis Semdeg unda davsvaT kiTxva: ra mniSvneloba aqvs am sakiTxis gadawyvetas _ (Cadenili qmedeba momzadebaa Tu mcdeloba) Tanamonawileobisa da amsruleblobis gamijvnisaTvis?

ganvixiloT es sakiTxi ramdenime magaliTze. magaliTebi ki davyoT imis mixedviT, saxezea Sedegiani (materialuri) Tu SedeggareSe (form-aluri) danaSauli, radgan am faqtsac (anu danaSaulis damTavrebis momentsac) garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba momzadebisa da mcdelobis gamijvnis saqmeSi.

daviwyoT Sedegiani danaSauliT. ganvixiloT ramdenime SemTxveva: pirveli magaliTi: petrem qurdobis mizniT sxvisi saxlis fan-

jaras kibe miadga, magram kibeze asvla da fanjris gaReba jer ar

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hqonda dawyebuli. saqarTveloSi, sadac danaSaulis momzadeba das-jadi stadiaa, es SemTxveva qurdobis momzadebaa da ara mcdeloba. xolo fanjris gaRebis dawyeba ukve qurdobis mcdelobaa, kerZod, daumTavrebeli mcdeloba, radgan am SemTxvevaSi dawyebulia qurdo-bis kvalificiuri Semadgenlobis (qurdoba binaSi ukanono SeRweviT) ganxorcieleba.

meore magaliTi: petre binis SesasvlelTan mivida qurdobis mizniT. es stadia qurdobis momzadebaa da ara mcdeloba.

mesame magaliTi: petre binasTan mivida mkvlelobis Casadenad. saqarTveloSi es SemTxveva mkvlelobis momzadebaa da ara misi

mcdeloba, radgan jer araa dawyebuli mkvlelobis obieqturi Semad-genlobis romelime niSnis ganxorcieleba. gadavitanoT es magaliTebi ramdenime pirze. magaliTad:

a) pirveli SemTxveva: petre da pavle gaemarTnen sxvisi binis gas-aqurdad. petrem binis fanjaras miadga kibe, xolo pavle avida am kibeze, SeaRwia binaSi da gaqurda igi;

b) meore SemTxveva: petre dadga binis SesavlelTan, xolo pavle Sevida binaSi da gaqurda igi.

g) mesame SemTxveva: petre da pavle gaemarTnen ivanes mosaklavad. petre dadga ivanes saxlis SesasvlelTan, xolo pavle Sevida binaSi da mokla ivane.

ismis kiTxva: pirvel da meore SemTxvevaSi qurdoba Cadenilia Ta-naamsruleblebis mier, Tu adgili aqvs TanamonawileobiT Cadenil qurdobas? sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, esaa qurdoba damamZimebel gare-moebaSi _ winaswar SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier, Tu qurdobis amsrule-belia mxolod pavle, romelic Sevida binaSi da gaqurda igi, xolo petre aris Tanamonawile (damxmare)?

igive kiTxva ismis mkvlelobis mimarT _ es mkvleloba Cadenilia TanaamsruleblobiT Tu saxezea TanamonawileobiT Cadenili mkvl-eloba. kerZod, saxezea mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi, rogorc Cadenili jgufurad, Tu am mkvlelobis amsrulebeli mxolod pavlea, xolo petre, romelic karTan dadga, aris Tanamonawile martiv mkvl-elobaSi, kerZod, damxmare?

pasuxi aseTi unda iyos: qarTul sinamdvileSi, aq mxolod pav-lea amsrulebeli, radgan uSualod igi sCadis qurdobas. xolo petre Tanamonawilea, radgan mas qurdobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis arc erTi niSani ar ganuxorcielebia, man mxolod piroba Seqmna qurdo-bisaTvis fanjaraze kibis midgmiT, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi karebTan misvliT. amdenad, saxeze araa qurdoba Cadenili winaswar SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier.

mesame magaliTSic aseve mkvlelobis amsrulebelia mxolod pavle, romelmac uSualod mokla msxverpli, xolo petre aris am mkvlelo-

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bis Tanamonawile, kerZod, _ damxmare (saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebis mixedviT, fizikuri an fsiqikuri damxmare). igi fsiqikuri damxmare iqneba, Tuki karTan dgomiT misi funqcia iyo gaemxnevebina pavle imis winaswari SepirebiT, rom safrTxis SemTxvevaSi miscemda mas niSans. amdenad, es mkvleloba araa Cadenili jgufurad, aramed saxezea mar-tivi mkvleloba, Cadenili TanamonawileobiT.

igive magaliTebi SevcvaloT aseTnairad: SemTxveva pirveli: petre da pavle binis gaqurdvis mizniT Seiparnen sxvis binaSi. petrem gaxsna seifi, aiRo fuli, Cado CanTaSi da oriveni gamovidnen binidan.

pavle am dros mis gverdiT idga, magram CamoTvlilTagan arc erT qmedebaSi monawileoba ar miuRia. igi mxolod Sevida binaSi petresTan erTad da gamovida masTan erTad.

SemTxveva meore: petre da pavle Seiparnen sxvis binaSi mkvlelo-bis Casadenad. petre miepara msxverpls, amoiRo iaraRi da mokla igi, ra drosac pavlec mis gverdiT idga.

ismis kiTxva: es danaSauli Cadenilia TanaamsruleblobiT (e.i. jgufurad), Tu saxezea erTi amsrulebeli, xolo meore aris Tana-monawile?

pasuxi unda iyos Semdegnairi: pirvel magaliTSi, roca petre da pavle binaSi Sevidnen qurdobis mizniT, imis miuxedavad, rom pavles binaSi aranairi moqmedeba ar Caudenia, saxezea qurdoba binaSi SeR-weviTa da aseve Cadenili TanaamsruleblobiT. kerZod, winaswar Se-TanxmebiT jgufurad. ratom? imitom, rom qurdobis mizniT binaSi SeRweva aris qurdobis ara momzadeba, aramed misi mcdeloba, radgan am dros sxvis qonebriv uflebas ukve uSualo safrTxe eqmneba. garda amisa, ssk 177-e muxlis me-3 nawilis erT-erTi damamZimebeli garemoe-baa, misi Cadena binaSi ukanono SeRweviT.

amdenad, SeRwevis faqti ukve gvaZlevs qurdobis am damamZimebe-li garemoebis obieqtur Semadgenlobas. Sesabamisad, qurdobis obi-eqtur Semadgenlobas aq axorcielebda ara marto petre, romelmac gaxsna seifi da aiRo fuli (damTavrebuli mcdeloba), aramed pavlec, romelmac ukanonod SeaRwia binaSi (daumTavrebeli mcdeloba).

meore magaliTSi, roca petre da pavle Sevidnen sxvis binaSi mkv-lelobis Casadenad, aq saxeze araa Tanaamsrulebloba. amdenad, mkv-leloba araa Cadenili jgufurad. mkvlelobis amsrulebelia petre, romelmac iaraRiT mokla msxverpli. pavle ki aris Tanamonawile, ker-Zod, fsiqikuri damxmare. ratom? es imitom, rom mkvlelobis mizniT binaSi (an sxva dacul obieqtSi) SeRweva ar gvaZlevs mkvlelobis mcd-elobis stadias, aramed saxezea misi momzadeba, radganac es qmedeba, gansxvavebiT qurdobis analogiuri SemTxvevisagan, ar gvaZlevs mkvl-elobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis arc erT niSans.

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aqedan gamomdinare, petres mier Cadenili mkvleloba dakvali-ficirdeba, rogorc martivi mkvleloba (Tu saxeze ar iyo sxva raime damamZimebeli garemoeba), xolo pavle aris am mkvlelobis Tana-monawile (25-e, 108-e muxli).

igive sakiTxi ganvixiloT ZaladobiTi, SedeggareSe (formaluri) danaSaulis magaliTze.

qarTul realobaSi davas ar iwvevs is, rom binis SesasvlelTan misvla masSi mcxovreb pirze yaCaRuri Tavdasxmis mizniT, yaCaRobis momzadebaa (da ara mcdeloba), xolo binaSi SeRweva da Tavdasxma sx-visi moZravi nivTis dauflebis mizniT, gansxvavebiT qurdobisa da mkvlelobisagan, ukve damTavrebuli yaCaRobaa da ara misi mcdeloba.

aqedan gamomdinare, igive iTqmis am magaliTTan mimarTebaSic, roca SemTxvevas gadavanawilebT or pirze. kerZod, roca petre da pavle wavidnen binaze yaCaRuri Tavdasxmis mizniT, petre dadga kor-pusis SesasvlelTan (an Tundac binis SesasvlelTan), xolo pavle ki Sevarda binaSi da sicocxlisa an janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi Zalado-bis muqariT moiTxova nivTis gadacema.

am SemTxvevaSi yaCaRobis amsrulebelia is, vinc Tavs daesxa mo-qalaqes da sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi muqariT mosTxova nivTi (anu pavle). meore piri (anu petre), romelic mas gareT elodeba, aris Tanamonawile, kerZod, fizikuri an fsiqikuri damxmare, radgan mas yaCaRobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis (Tavdasxmis) arc erTi niSani ar ganuxorcielebia. kerZod, arc Zaladoba ganuxorcielebia da arc muqara, msxverplma arc ki icoda misi iq dgomis Sesaxeb.

magram situacia radikalurad Seicvleba, Tuki kazuss Semdegnai-rad SevcvliT: orivem _ petrem da pavlem motyuebiT moaxerxes binaSi SeRweva. petrem amoiRo iaraRi da mokvlis muqariT moiTxova moqa-laqisagan misi moZravi nivTis gadacema. am dros pavlec mis gverdiT idga da xmas ar iRebda. es viTareba, gansxvavebiT Sedegiani Zalado-biTi danaSaulis (magaliTad, mkvlelobis) imave SemTxvevisagan, unda CaiTvalos Tanaamsruleblobad. anu aq yaCaRoba Cadenilia jgufurad.

ismis kiTxva: mainc ratomaa aq saxeze Tanaamsrulebloba da ratom gansxvavdeba igi mkvlelobis TiTqos analogiuri SemTxvevisagan?

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad moviyvanoT Sesabamisi magaliTi mkvlelobis SemTxvevisaTvis. petrem da pavlem gadawyvites, moklan ivane. am mizniT gaemarTnen im adgilisaken, sadac unda gaevlo ivanes da Causafrdnen mas miyruebuli quCis kuTxeSi. roca ivane gamoCnda, petrem, romelsac hqonda cecxlsasroli iaraRi, esrola da mokla igi. am qmedebis ganxorcielebisas pavlec mis gverdiT idga.

gansxvavebiT yaCaRobis msgavsi SemTxvevisagan, mocemul SemTx-vevaSi saxeze araa jgufurad Cadenili mkvleloba. aq mkvlelobas

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uSualod sCadis mxolod petre, romelmac ganaxorciela mkvlelo-bis obieqturi Semadgenloba tyviis gasroliTa da sasikvdilo Sede-gis gamowveviT. mis gverdiT mdgom pavles ki mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis arc erTi niSani ar ganuxorcielebia. SemTxvevis adg-ilamde misvla da Casafreba, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aris mkvlelo-bis ara mcdeloba, aramed misi momzadeba, radgan am dros pirs jer ara aqvs dawyebuli mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis romelime niSnis ganxorcieleba. amdenad, pavle aris damxmare (fizikuri an/da fsiqikuri). Sesabamisad, es qmedeba araa Cadenili Tanaamsrule-blobiT. saxezea TanamonawileobiT Cadenili martivi mkvleloba (Tu, ra Tqma unda, saxeze araa mkvlelobis sxva damamZimebeli garemoeba).

mivubrundeT yaCaRobis zemoT xsenebul SemTxvevas. ismis kiTxva: Tuki mkvleloba analogiur SemTxvevaSi araa Cadenili Tanaamsrule-blobiT, anu jgufurad, maSin faqtobrivad analogiur SemTxvevaSi ratomaa yaCaRoba Cadenili TanaamsruleblobiT, anu jgufurad?

saqme isaa, rom mkvlelobisagan gansxvavebiT, yaCaRoba aris form-aluri, anu SedeggareSe danaSauli. kerZod, misi damTavrebulad cno-bisaTvis sakmarisia mxolod Tavdasxmis ganxorcieleba sxvisi nivTis dauflebis mizniT. es Tavdasxma ki gamoixateba sicocxlisa da janmr-TelobisaTvis saSiSi Zaladobis an muqaris ganxorcielebaSi. mocemul magaliTSi saxezea Zaladobis muqara, rac saSiSi iyo sicocxlisaTvis. es muqara ki petrem ganaxorciela iaraRis demonstrirebiTa da si-tyvierad. xolo pavlem aseve ganaxorciela muqara konkludenturad, kerZod, petres gverdze dgomiT. aq dazaralebuli xedavs, rom mis winaaRmdeg ori Tavdamsxmelia saxeze da araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, romeli maTgani emuqreba mas iaraRis demonstrirebiT an sityvierad da romeli dgas Cumad. dazaralebulis nebis paralizeba miT metad xdeba, rac meti Tavdamsxmelia mis winaSe.

amdenad, yaCaRobisas muqaris ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia ro-gorc sitvierad, ise iaraRis demonstrirebiT, aseve konkludenturi qmedebiT, rac gamoixateba aqtiur TavdamsxmelTan erTad SemTxvevis adgilze misvlasa da muqaris ganxorcielebisas mis gverdiT dgomaSi. sxva raime qmedebis Cadena yaCaRobis iuridiulad damTavrebisaTvis araa saWiro. miT umetes, araa saWiro raime marTlsawinaaRmdego Sede-gis dadgoma, rac aucilebelia mkvlelobisaTvis. ufro metic, binis karebTan dgomac, Tu es faqti gacnobierebuli aqvs msxverpls, unda CaiTvalos yaCaRobis Tanaamsruleblobad. magaliTad, mocemul mag-aliTSi binaSi SeRwevis Semdeg petrem binis kari Ria datova, raTa msxverpls enaxa, rom mas gareT sxva piric elodeboda. amdenad, msx-verpli xedavda, rom mis winaaRmdeg ori piri iyo gaerTianebuli da imwuTieri safrTxec meti iyo.

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saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom, marTalia, SemTxvevis adgilze yofna TanaamsruleblobisaTvis erT-erTi pirobaa, magram igi ara sakmarisi. am sakiTxs diferencirebulad unda mivudgeT formalur (Sedeggar-eSe) da materialur (Sedegian) danaSaulebSi (magaliTad, yaCaRobasa da mkvlelobaSi);

aseve diferencirebulad unda mivudgeT am sakiTxs materialur danaSaulebSic (magaliTad, qurdobasa da mkvlelobaSi), razec zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari, radganac yvela materialur danaSaulSi erTsa da imave qmedebas (magaliTad, binaSi SeRwevas danaSaulis Casadenad) ver miecema erTi da imave samarTlebrivi Sefaseba. rac erTi danaSau-lisaTvis mcdelobaa, is SesaZloa meore danaSaulisaTvis iyos momza-deba.

ra nakli aqvs im qveynebis kanonmdeblobas, sadac ar isjeba dana-Saulis momzadeba? kerZod, ganvixiloT es sakiTxi sisxlis samarTlis ramdenime institutTan mimarTebaSi:

1. ra zegavlena SeiZleba aman moaxdinos piris sisxlissamarT-lebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis gadawyvetasa da sasjelis daniS-vnaze?

am qveynebSi, sadac ar isjeba momzadeba, mcdelobad fasdeba iseTi qmedeba, rac faqtobrivad momzadebaa (kerZod, damTavrebuli momza-deba) da amdenad, es iwvevs piris mometebulad dasjis SesaZleblobas. rogorc aRvniSneT, qurdobis an yaCaRobis mizniT binis karebTan misvla, an kibis midgma fanjaraze fasdeba, rogorc am danaSaulTa mcdeloba. e.i. sasjelis daniSvnisas masze gavrceldeba sasjelis Se-fardebis is standarti, rac aRiarebulia mcdelobis dasjisaTvis.

marTalia, germaniis federaciis respublikis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 23-e paragrafis me-2 nawilis mixedviT (iseve rogorc saqa-rTvelos ssk 56-e muxlis 1-li nawilis mixedviT), mcdelobis SemTx-veva sasamarTlos SeuZlia ufro msubuqad dasajos, vidre damTavre-buli danaSauli, magram es am sakiTxs ver moxsnis, radgan saerTod doqtrinasa da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi arsebobs sasjelis daniSvnis gansxvavebuli standarti danaSaulis momzadebisas da mcdelobisas.

saqarTveloSi ki es qmedeba vinaidan momzadebaa, pasuxismgeblobac naklebia. kerZod, sasjelis daniSvnisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs momzadebis dasjadobisaTvis dadgenili Tu aRiarebuli standartiT. kerZod, ssk 53-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT dadgenilia, rom sasjelis dan-iSvnisas sasamarTlom sxva garemoebebTan erTad unda gaiTvaliswin-os movaleobaTa darRvevis xasiaTi da zoma, rac gacilebiT naklebia momzadebisas, vidre mcdelobisas.

garda amisa, am sakiTxma SesaZloa, zegavlena moaxdinos ssk me-7 muxlis me-2 nawilis gamoyenebaze, roca piris qmedeba, rac formalu-

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rad Seicavs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis niSnebs, magram mcire mniSvnelobis gamo ar gamouwvevia is ziani, rac aucilebels gaxdida misi Camdenis sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismge-blobas, an ar Suqmnia aseTi zianis safrTxe. rogorc vxedavT, me-7 muxlis me-2 nawilis gamoyenebis erT-erTi kriteriumi aris qmedeb-iT gamowveuli zianis safrTxe. amdenad, misi gamoyeneba am aspeqtSi met-naklebad dakavSirebulia imaze, qmedeba danaSaulis mcdelobad dakvalificirda (roca safrTxe aris uSualo), Tu dakvalificirda momzadebad, roca safrTxe aris samomavlo.

xom ar afarToebs momzadebis principuli dausjeloba Tanaams-ruleblobis areals? kerZod, ratomaa am qveynebSi SesaZlebeli, Ta-naamsruleblobad CaiTvalos iseTi qmedeba, rac saqarTveloSi Tana-monawileobad unda Sefasdes? sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ratomaa Ses-aZlebeli am qveynebSi kanonis ganvrcobiTi ganmarteba da risTvisaa igi saWiro?

am kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad ganvixiloT zemoT moyvanili magaliTebi germaniis federaciuli resublikis sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. magaliTebi exeba rogorc qurdobas, aseve yaCaRobasa da mkvlelobas, roca ori piri romelime danaSaulis Casadenad mivida SemTxvevis adgilze. magaliTad, mivida binis Sesasv-lelTan. vinaidan germaniis federaciul respublikaSi aseTi qmedeba danaSaulis mcdelobad ganixileba (faqtobrivad ki igi dasrulebu-li momzadebaa), es imas niSnavs, rom aseTi qmedeba fasdeba, rogorc danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis dasawyisi, anu qmedeba, rac uSualo, imwuTier safrTxes uqmnis samarTliT dacul sikeTes.

aqedan gamomdinare, ukve orive es piri, imis miuxedavd, Tu rom-eli maTgani Sevida binaSi da gaqurda igi an moawyo yaCaRuri Tav-dasxma, aseve, imis miuxedavad, vin Sevida saxlSi da mokla adamiani, xolo vin darCa gareT, imis miuxedavad, vin mokla msxverpli Tavisi uSualo ZaladobiTi qmedebiT da vin imyofeboda am dros mis gverdiT da moralurad amxnevebda mas an aZlevda niSans qmedebis dawyebaze, yvela maTgani danaSaulis amsrulebelia da amdenad, saxezea Tanaams-rulebloba. es ki imas niSnavs, rom danaSauli Cadenilia pirTa jgu-fis mier. e.i. amgvari qmedeba dakvalificirdeba qurdobis, yaCaRobis da mkvlelobis kvalificiuri SemadgenlobiT, rogorc Cadenili jgu-furad.

marTalia, germaniis federaciuli respublikis (gfr) sisxli samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT (gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos ss kanon-mdeblobisagan) qurdobisas da mkvlelobisas jgufuroba ar qmnis am danaSaulTa damamZimebel garemoebas, magram es araa proncipuli

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sakiTxi, radgan sxva danaSaulSi jgufuroba qmnis makvalificirebel Semadgenlobas.

ufro metic, am qveynebSi sadavo SeiZleba gaxdes mkvlelobis ams-ruleblad im piris qmedebis kvalifikacia, romelmac uSualod, Tavisi ZaladobiTi qmedebiT mokla adamiani sxvisi organizebiT da qmedebis ganxorcielebis procesSi amave piris xelSewyobiT. Tumca sadavo ar gaxdeba im piris amsruleblad cnoba, romelmac moifiqra mkvlelobis es gegma, gamudmebuli CiCiniT daiyolia am mkvlelobaze sxva piri, ga-hyva mas SemTxvevis adgilamde da qmedebis ganxorcielebisas aZlevda saTanado miTiTebas, magram Tavad aranairi ZaladobiTi qmedeba msx-verplis mimarT ar ganuxorcielebia.

moviyvanoT Sesabamisi magaliTi gfr-is 1956 wlis sasamarTlo praqtikidan., romelic ganxilulia prof. k. roqsinis naSromSi _ 100 gadawyvetileba Sesaswavlad da referatebisaTvis, kiTxvebiTa da pa-suxebiT21 (saqmeSi monawile pirebi, SemTxvevis ukeT aRqmisaTvis mov-ixsenioT Cven mier pirobiTad darqmeuli saxelebiT). saqmis arsi md-gomareobda SemdegSi:

sacalfexo bilikze barbarem SeTanxmebuli niSani misca petres zurgSi xeli ekra ivanesTvis, ris Semdegac petrem culis blagvi mx-are Zlier Caartya mis wis mimaval ivanes kefaSi. igi daeca da gamosca susti bgera.

barbares mowodebiT petrem msxverpls kidev or-samjer Zlierad Caartya culi Tavis qalaSi. barbarem Tqva: „axla is mkvdaria“. pe-tre gaiqca, magram barbares moxmobiT isev dabrunda. amasobaSi qalma gvams moaba Tan waRebuli agurebi, rac petrem moxsna, radgan Tasmebi moSvebuli moeCvena. Semdeg orivem gvami mdinareSi Caagdo.

am saqmis ganxilvisas sadavo da problemuri gaxda ara moklu-lis colis qmedebis kvalifikacia, romelmac moawyo danaSauli da xelmZRvanelobda mas, aramed petres qmedebis kvalifikacia, romel-mac uSualod Caidina mkvleloba culis gamoyenebiT. prof. roqsinis am naSromSi aRniSnulia, rom sasamarTlom moklulis megobari samar-Tlianad cno mkvlelad da ara ubralod Tanamonawiled.22 ganaCenSi garkveuli adgili aqvs daTmobili imis dasabuTebas, unda CaiTvalos Tu ara petre mkvlelobis amsruleblad.

sasamarTlo eqspertiziT dadginda, rom igi iyo primitiuli pirovneba, romelsac sustad aqvs ganviTarebuli fsiqika da xasiaTi, misTvis damaxasiaTebelia, rom cxovrebaSi mxolod metwilad Tavs sx-vis iaraRad grZnobda. igi aris „sxvisi brZanebis brma Semsrulebeli

21 Höchstrichterliche Rechtssprechung zum Allgemeinen Teil des Strafrechts, 100 Entscheid-ungen für Studium und Referendariat mit Fragen und Antworten von dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Claus Roxin, C.H Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, München , 1998, seiten: 111-112.

22 შეად. K. Roxsin, დასახ. ნაშრ. გვ. 111.

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tipi; misTvis yvelaze uaxloesi adamiani aris is, vinc mas brZanebebs aZlevs“.23

am saqmeze gamotanil ganaCenSi naTqvamia, rom aravin ar SeiZleba daisajos rogorc mkvleli mxolod imis gamo, rom danaSaulis Sesa-bamisi qmedeba TviTon Caidina. Sedegis yvela piroba, sulerTia, is amsrulebelma Tu wamqezebelma daisaxes miznad, arsebiTad Tanazo-mieria. amitom mxolod Cadenil qmedebaSi monawileoba ar aris sak-marisi niSani wamqezeblisa da amsruleblis gansxvavebisaTvis. ufro metad gadamwyveti aris pirma qmedeba, rogorc danaSaulis Cadenis msurvelma, anu sakuTari nebiT moqmedma Caidina, Tu mas undoda mx-olod sxvisi danaSaulisaTvis mxardaWera. es ki, rogorc aRniSnulia am ganaCenSi, damokidebulia ZiriTadad, Tu mTlianad ara, misi saku-Tari interesis xarisxze Cadenil qmedebaSi.24 rogorc vxedavT, aq am-sruleblisa da Tanamonawilis gamijvnisas gaziarebulia subieqturi Teoria.

prof. roqsini akritikebs mas finalur-obieqturi, anu materi-alur-obieqturi Teoriis moSveliebiT. igi amsrulebelsa da Tana-monawiles ganasxvavebs ara marto saqmeSi monawileTa Sinagani pozici-idan gamomdinare, aramed maTi surviliT gamowveuli qmedebis saqmi-ani wonidan gamomdinare. misi azriT, „subieqturi Teoria“ ar unda gavigoT da gamoviyenoT ise, rogorc es gakeTda aRniSnul ganaCenSi.25 Semdeg igi agrZelebs, rom gamoTqma: Tanaamsrulebeli aris is, visac surs danaSauli „rogorc sakuTari“, gaugebaria.26

survilis es mimarTuleba ar aris ubralo Sinagani faqti. Tu ra surda pirs, sasamarTlom ufro metad unda gaarkvios yvela gare-moebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rasac moicavda misi warmodgena. amasTan, mniSvnelovani amosavali wertilia is, Tu ramdenad warmarTavs piri procesis msvlelobas ise, Cadenili danaSaulis procesi da Sedegi arsebiTad damokidebulia mis survilze. mocemul saqmeSi mas (dam-naSaves) danaSaulTan hqonda Sinagani pozicia, romelic unda Sevafa-soT, rogorc „Semsruleblis survili“. man Tavis Tavze aiRo msxver-plis sakuTari xeliT mokvdineba da Seasrula es Cadenili qmedebiT. mis gareSe es am gziT ar moxdeboda. mtkice kavSiri, romelic aq mas hqonda Tavisi nebiT Cadenil danaSaulTan, xdis mas Tanaamsrule-blad.27 am SemTxvevaSi arafers cvlis is, rom qalbatoni arsebiTad

23 შეად. K. Roxsin, იქვე.24 შეად. K. Roxsin, დასახ. ნაშრ. იქვე.25 შეად. K. Roxsin, დასახ. ნაშრ. იქვე.26 imave azrs aviTarebda prof. T. wereTeli, ix. T. wereTeli. sisxlis samarTlis

problemebi, tomi me-2, Tb., 2007, gv. 94-98.27 შეად. K. Roxsin, დასახ. ნაშრ. გვ. 111. imave mosazrebas aviTarebda didi rusi mec-

nieri n. tagancevi jer kidev XX saukunis dasawyisSi. ix. Н. С. Таганцев, Лекции, 1902, стр. 762. tagancevis am mosazrebis Sesaxeb citata aRebulia T. wereTlis naSromidan. _ sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi me-2, gv. 97.

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monawile iyo meuRlis mkvlelobaSi da amiT is Tavis sakuTar inter-ess mihyveboda. kerZod, moifiqra gegma, damnaSave Tavisi Zlieri gav-leniT TandaTan gadaibira da msxverplisadmi sabediswero dartyma Tavdapirvelad molaparakebuli niSniT, Semdeg ki sityvebiT: „kidev ramdenjerme daartyi“ _ gamoiwvia... marTalia, damnaSave iyo qalbato-nis morCili, magram mxolod im TvalsazrisiT, rom „is did gavlenas axdenda masze“.

msxverplis sikvdilSi mas ar hqonia sakuTari interesi, magram es ar amarTlebs imas, rom uarvyoT misi survili msxverplis sakuTari xeliT mokvdinebaSi.28

rogorc vxedavT, am saqmeSi rogorc sasamarTlosaTvis, aseve doq-trinisaTvis problemuria sakiTxi, Tu ratomaa petre am mkvlelobis amsrulebeli da am sakiTxs isini sxvadasxva argumentiT asabuTeben. kerZod, sasamarTlo _ subieqturi Teoriis, xolo prof. roqsini _ materialur-obieqturi Teoriis moSveliebiT, ra drosac igi savse-biT samarTlianad amaxvilebs yuradRebas sakuTari xeliT Sesrule-bul qmedebebze, rac faqtobrivad warmoadgens mkvlelobis obieqtur Semadgenlobas.

rac Seexeba moklulis colis qmedebis kvalifikacias, rogorc mkvlelobis amsruleblisa, am sakiTxs aravin miiCnevs problemurad, radgan es qalbatoni moqmedebda sakuTari interesebidan gamomdinare.ismis kiTxva: rogor Sefasdeba analogiuri SemTxveva saqarTveloSi?

saqarTveloSi aravin gaxdis sadavod imas, rom am mkvlelobis am-srulebelia petre, radgan man uSualod ganaxorciela mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenloba msxverplis kefaSi culis Zlierad Cartymi-Ta da Semdeg amave culis TavSi ramdenjerme CartymiT.

aq arafers Secvlis is, Tu vis interesebSi Sedioda msxverplis mokvdineba, arc is, Tu ramdeni xani dasWirda msxverplis cols pe-tres gadabirebisaTvis. arc is, ramdenad mtkice Tu susti fsiqika hqonda petres saerTod, ramdenad ecodeboda mas qalbatoni uxeSi qmris xelSi da sxva.

yvelaferi es gavlenas moaxdens mxolod im sasjelze, rasac sa-samarTlo dauniSnavs petres, rogorc mkvlelobis amsrulebels.

rac Seexeba moklulis cols (barbares), misi qmedebis kvalifika-cia mkvlelobis amsruleblobad saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi swored rom problemuria. man jer daiyolia petre mkvlelobis CadenaSi mud-mivi CiCiniT. Semdeg dagegma es mkvleloba da detalurad ganixila gegma petresTan erTad, Semdeg gadasca mas danaSaulis iaraRi _ culi. anu man moawyo danaSauli. amasTanave, barbare petres gahyva SemTxve-vis adgilze, aZlevda mas miTiTebebs da masTan erTad iyo bolomde,

28 შეად. K. Roxsin, დასახ. ნაშრ. iqve.

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anu msxverplis mdinareSi gadagdebamde, e.i. xelmZRvanelobda am da-naSauls, magram Tavad ar ganuxorcielebia mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis arc erTi niSani.

amdenad, qals uSualod, Tavisi xeliT ar Caudenia mkvleloba, radgan:

a) mkvlelobis gegmis dasaxva da misi gacnoba amsrulebelze ar warmoadgens mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebas (igi danaSaulis momzadebaa);

b) arc niSnis micema qmedebis dawyebaze amsruleblis mxarze xelis gakvriT (an vTqvaT, CaxvelebiT) ar warmoadgens mkvlelobis obieq-turi Semadgenlobis romelime niSnis ganxorcielebas;

g) arc Semdegi SeZaxili: „kidev daartyi“ araa mkvlelobis obieq-turi Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba, radgan mkvleloba araa verbal-uri danaSauli (rogorc, magaliTad, ssk 151-e muxli _ muqara, anda ssk 317-e muxli _ mowodeba saqarTvelos konstituciuri wyobilebis ZaladobiT Secvlisaken an saxelmwifo xelisuflebis damxobisaken), igi Sedegiani (materialuri) danaSaulia. sxva sakiTxia, rom zogjer mkvleloba verbaluradac SeiZleba ganxorcieldes (magaliTad, mkv-lelobis mizniT msxverplze winaswar SeTxzuli iseTi informaciis miwodebiT, ramac mas guli gauxeTqa), magram am SemTxvevaSi es in-formacia verbaulad unda miewodos msxverpls da ara mkvlelobis amsrulebels an Tanamonawiles. mocemul magaliTSi ki mkvleloba ar ganxorcielebula aseTi xerxiT, anu verbalurad;

d) es SeZaxili, rac mimarTuli iyo amsrulebelze (da ara msx-verplze), uSualod ar iwvevs sasikvdilo Sedegs an xels ar uwyobs msxverplis moqmedebis paralizebas, rogorc amas adgili aqvs magali-Tad, msxverplze gulis gamxeTqi SeTxzuli informaciis miwodebisas, an msxverplis xelebis gakavebisas;

e) yvela am qmedebis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia distanciurad saTanado teqnikis (magaliTad, mobiluri telefonis) gamoyenebiT da amisaTvis srulebiT araa saWiro SemTxvevis adgilze an Tundac Sori-axlo manZilze yofna;

v) marTalia,moklulis fexebze agurebi uSualod barbarem moaba, aseve mdinareSi gvami orivem erTad gadaagdo, magram verc es CaiTv-leba mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis romelime niSnis ganxor-cielebad, radgan am droisaTvis msxverpli ukve gardacvlili iyo. e.i. mkvleloba ukve dasrulebuli iyo.

SevadaroT es magaliTi sxva SemTxvevas: eqimma pacients ver daus-va swori diagnozi da SecdomiT gamouwera wamali, romelic ar iyo saWiro misi mkurnalobisaTvis. ufro metic, am wamlis miReba dauSve-beli iyo misTvis. pacientma afTiaqSi SeiZina es wamali da garkveuli

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periodis ganmavlobaSi iRebda. ramdenime TveSi mas ganuviTarda sisx-lZarRvTa daavadeba, ramac misi janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba gamoi-wvia. dadginda, rom am daavadebis gamomwvevi mizezi iyo swored eqimis mier SecdomiT gamowerili wamali.

ismis kiTxva: vis unda Seeracxos es Sedegi (pacientis janmrT-elobis dazianeba) _ eqims, romelmac wamali gamowera, Tu provizors, romelmac gasca es wamali?

TiTqos aq uSualo mizezobrivi kavSiri ar arsebobs eqimis qmede-basa da Sedegs Soris, radgan, erTi SexedviT, pacientis daavadeba ar gamouwvevia arc eqimTan vizitisas masa da eqims Soris Semdgar sau-bars, rac gaxda eqimis mier wamlis gamoweris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani safuZveli, aseve arc eqimis mier receptis gamoweras, aramed igi gamoiwvia provizoris mier gacemuli wamlis miRebam. amdenad, Sesa-Zloa, warmoiSvas azri imis Sesaxeb, rom eqimis qmedebaSi araa sxvisi janmrTelobis dazianebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis niSnebi. aseTi Semadgenlobis niSnebi aris provizoris qmedebaSi, romelmac gasca wamali. amdenad, mas unda Seeracxos es Sedegi rogorc amsrulebels.

dasmul sakiTxze unda iTqvas Semdegi: mocemuli magaliTi princi-pulad gansxvavdeba zemoT ganxilul petresa da barbares SemTxvevis-agan, sadac barbarem moawyo danaSauli misi dagegmviT, aseve xelmZR-vanelobda mas obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebisas sityvieri da sxvagvari miTiTebis micemiT.

eqimis SemTxveva ki amisgan srulebiT gansxvavebulia. gansxvavebiT barbares mier petreze micemuli miniSnebisa da sityvieri SeZaxilisa, romelsac aravisTvis (da maT Soris petresaTvis) ara aqvs aranairi samarTlebrivi mniSvneloba, eqimis mier gamoweril recepts (Tu igi Sedgenilia normatiulad dadgenili formaluri moTxovnis dacviT) aqvs samarTlebrivi mniSvneloba. kerZod, afTiaqis provizori val-debulia, gasces receptze aRniSnuli wamali. provizori araa valde-buli, gadaamowmos dasmuli diagnizis siswore. ufro metic, mas amis arc ufleba aqvs da arc kompetencia.

amdenad, roca recepti akmayofilebs masze wayenebul formal-ur standartebs, provizorma unda gasces wamali. igi am SemTxvevaSi sCadis nebadarTul qmedebas da ar qmnis samarTlebrivad dasaZrax risks, radgan ar arRvevs windaxedulobis araviTar normas. Sesabam-isad, mas es Sedegi ar unda Seeracxos, Tumca genetikuri kavSiri sax-ezea mis qmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris. provizors am Sedegs ver SevracxavT verc mizezobrivi kavSiris porobaTa Teoriis (vinaidan saxeze araa marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba) gamoyenebiT da miT umetes, mizezobrivi kavSiris dadgenisas verc obieqturi Seracxvis Teoriis

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gamoyenebiT.29 Sesabamisad, damdgari marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi Seeracxeba eq-

ims, romelmac pacients dauniSna janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi wamali, Tu, ra Tqma unda, saxeze ar iyo misatevebeli Secdomis pirobebi, roca mocemul SemTxvevaSi rTuli klinikuri suraTis gamo igive Sec-doma mouvidoda yvela saSualo donis medicinis muSaks da swori di-agnozireba mxolod iSviaTi codnisa da gamocdilebis eqims SeeZlo. 30

sabolood, barbare qarTuli ss kanonmdeblobis mixedviT war-moadgens mkvlelobis organizators (e.i. Tanamonawiles da ara ams-rulebels), romelmac moawyo es danaSauli da uxelmZRvanela kidec mas. organizatoroba Tavis TavSi moicavs rogorc waqezebas, ise dax-marebasac, rasac adgili hqonda mocemul SemTxvevaSi barbares mxri-dan.

SesaZlebelia, daisvas sakiTxi: xom araa barbarec am mkvlelobis Tanaamsrulebeli, radgan is imyofeboda SemTxvevis adgilze Tavidan bolomde da saWiro miTiTebebs aZlevda mkvlelobis amsrulebels uSualod mkvlelobis aRsrulebis procesSi. anu xom ar gamoviyenoT aq qmedebaze batonobis funqcionaluri Teoria?31

am Teoriis mixedviT, Tanaamsrulebelia is, vinc danaSaulis ganx-orcielebisas gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs, anu is, vinc danaSaulis ganxorcieleba-arganxorcielebis sakiTxs wyvets da danaSaulis msv-lelobas gansazRvravs.

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT savsebiT samarTlianadaa aRniS-nuli literaturaSi, am dogmaturi figurebis _ qmedebaze orga-nizaciuli da funqcionaluri batonobis Semotana germanul sisxlis samarTalSi ZiriTadad organizatoris cnebis ararsebobis gamo gaxda saWiro.32

marTlac, imis gamo, rom gfr-is sisxlis samarTalSi Tanamonaw-ileobis instituti ar icnobs organizators, rogorc Tanamonawilis saxes, bunebrivad dgeba sakiTxi: ramdenad SeiZleba gavuTanabroT wamqezebels is piri, vinc ara marto daiyolia sxva danaSaulis Cade-

29 mizezobrivi kavSirisa Tu obieqturi Seracxvis Sesaxeb ix. T. wereTeli. sisx-lis samarTlis problemebi, tomi I, Tb., 2007, gv. 202-253; g. naWyebia, sisxlis samarTa-li, zogadi nawili, Tb. 2011, gv. 263-275; q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, danaSauli, ZiriTadi sakiTxebi kiTxva-pasuxebiT; Tb., 2014, gv. 56-69; m. turava. sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2013, gv. 89-124; g. tye-SeliaZe, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2007, gv. 122-125.

30 medicinaSi misatevebeli da miutevebeli Secdomis Sesaxeb ix. o. gamyreliZe. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi me-2, Tb., 2013, gv. 161-169; n. Todua. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, Tb., 2014, gv. 95-101.

31am sakiTxze ix. q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi. sisxlis smarTali, zogadi nawili, dana-Saulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tb., 2011, gv. 147; m. turava. sisxlis samar-Tali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2013, gv. 336-337.

32ix. q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi. iqve.

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naSi, aramed moawyo es danaSauli da xelmZRvanelobda mas. anu iyo am danaSaulis centraluri figura da ara gverdiTi figura.

saqarTveloSi es sakiTxi Tanamonawileobis institutSivea gadawyvetili organizatoris figuris SemoRebiT da rogorc amaze qvemoT gveqneba saubari, araviTari mniSvneloba ar unda mieniWos im faqts, organizatori mxolod moawyobs danaSauls, Tu uxelmZRvane-lebs mas qmedebis aRsrulebis procesSic. yvelafer amas moicavs or-ganizatoris cneba.

amaze metyvelebs aseve saqarTvelos ss kodeqsis 25-e muxlis me-3 nawilic, romlis mixedviT, oraganizatoris, wamqezeblisa da damx-maris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ganisazRvreba am kod-eqsis Sesabamisi muxliT (igulisxmeba kodeqsis kerZo nawilis Sesabam-isi muxli), am muxlze miTiTebiT (e.i. 25-e muxlze miTiTebiT), garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac isini imavdroulad danaSaulis Tanaamsrule-blebi iyvnen.

es imas niSnavs, rom mxolod maSin, Tuki Tanamonawileni, maT So-ris organizatori, amave dros amsrulebelicaa, maSin misi qmedebis kvalifikaciisaTvis kerZo nawilis muxlTan erTad araa saWiro zoga-di nawilis 25-e muxlze miTiTeba.

mocemul kazusSi petres qmedeba SesaZloa, dakvalificirdes saqa-rTvelos ss kodeqsis 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „b“ qvepunqtiT, ro-gorc Cadenili gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT. xolo barbares qmedeba _ 25, 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „b“ qvepunqtiT, radgan barbare araa amsrulebeli am mkvlelobisa. igi mxolod organizatoria, romelmac moawyo danaSauli da uxelmZRvanela mas misi ganxorcielebis pro-cesSi.

rac Seexeba sasjelis sakiTxs, araa sadavo da sasamarTlo praqti-kac amas adasturebs, rom organizatori, rogorc wesi, ufro mkacrad unda daisajos, vidre amsrulebeli, radgan igia danaSaulis „tvini“, xolo amsrulebli aris danaSaulis „xelebi“.

rogorc vxedavT, im qveynebSi, sadac ss zogad nawilSi momzadeba araa aRiarebuli danaSaulis dasjad stadiad, Tanaamsruleblobad SeiZleba Sefasdes iseTi SemTxveva, rac saqarTveloSi mxolod Tana-monawileobad fasdeba.

sakiTxis meti sicxadisaTvis, moviyvanoT aseTi magaliTi: ivanem sufrasTan sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayena petresa da pavles, rom-lebmac gadawyvites, Suri eZiaT masze. am mizniT meore dRes isini gae-marTnen im adgilisken, sadac ivane soflis mosavals iRebda. petres jibeSi edo cecxlsasroli iaraRi, xolo pavle mas gverdiT mihyve-boda. roca miuaxlovdnen im adgilas, sadac ivane muSaobda, petrem amoiRo iaraRi da esrola ivanes, romelic waiqca. pavlem SesZaxa:

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kidev esrole, cocxali ar darCeso. petrem kidev esrola. ivane miy-enebuli dazianebebisagan adgilzeve gardaicvala.

ismis kiTxva: Tu aris SesaZlebeli aseTi qmedeba davakvali-ficiroT rogorc jgufuri mkvleloba? (ssk 109-e muxli) Tu Cven aseTnairad davakvalificirebT am qmedebas, es imas niSnavs, rom orive piri CaiTvleba mkvlelobis Tanaamsruleblad.

ramdenad gamarTlebuli iqneba aseTi kvalifikacia?aseTi kvalifikacia gaumarTlebelia, radgan igi ewinaaRmdegeba

amsruleblis im cnebas, rasac gvaZlevs Cveni kanonmdebeli ssk 22-e muxlSi („uSualod Caidina danaSauli, an sxvasTan (TanaamsrulebelT-an) erTad uSualod monawileobda mis CadenaSi “). aseve igi ewinaaR-mdegeba ssk 27-e muxlis (jgufuri danaSauli) 1-li da me-2 nawilis Sinaarss.

daviwyoT 27-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ganxilviT, sadac mocemu-lia winaswar SeuTanxmebeli jgufis cneba:

„danaSauli jgufis mieraa Cadenili, Tu mis ganxorcielebaSi wi-naswar SeuTanxmeblad erToblivad monawileobda ori an meti ams-rulebeli“.

rogorc vxedavT, kanonmdebeli jgufSi monawiled miiCnevs mx-olod amsruleblebs (minimum ors) da ara iseT SemTxvevas, roca erTi piria amsrulebeli da meore Tanamonawile.

aqedan gamomdinare, arc doqtrinasa da arc sasamarTlo praqtika-Si sadavo araa, rom winaswar SeuTanxmebel jgufur danaSaulSi saxeze unda iyos sul mcire ori amsrulebeli.

magaliTad, petrem mokvlis mizniT miwaze waaqcia pavle da fexe-biT dauwyo cema sicocxlisaTvis saSiS organoebSi. am faqts Seeswro petres megobari ivane, romelic mixvda saqmis arss da isic SeuerTda Zaladobis aqts (manac dauwyo cema msxverpls), ris Sedegadac msxver-pli gardaicvala. saxezea mkvleloba winaswar SeuTanxmebeli jgufis mier.

rac Seexeba ssk 27-e muxlis me-2 nawils, igi gvaZlevs winaswar SeTanxmebuli jgufis cnebas: „danaSauli jgufis mier winaswar Se-TanxmebiTaa Cadenili, Tu mis ganxorcielebaSi monawileni winaswar SekavSirdnen danaSaulis erToblivad Casadenad“.

rogorc vxedavT, aq araa xazgasma amsruleblebze, aramed naTq-vamia „mis ganxorcielebaSi monawileebze“, ris gamoc doqtrinaSi sa-davoa sakiTxi, aucilebelia Tu ara aqac saxeze iyos sul mcire ori amsrulebeli, Tu sakmarisia, iyos erTi amsrulebeli da meore Tana-monawile?

gabatonebuli mosazrebis mixedviT, rogorc winaswar SeuTanx-mebeli jgufi, ise winaswar SeTanxmebuli jgufic gulisxmobs dana-

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SaulSi amsruleblebis monawileobas (anu minimum or amsrulebels).33 gansxvavebul azrs aviTareben prof. g. naWyebia da prof. o. gamyrel-iZe, romlebic Tvlan, rom winaswar SeTanxmebul jgufSi SesaZloa, saxeze iyos mxolod erTi amsrulebeli, xolo sxva pirebi iyvnen Tana-monawileni, radgan ssk 27-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia ara or an met amsrulebelze, aramed jgufSi monawile pirebze.34

es mosazreba rom ar unda iqnes gaziarebuli, es Semdegi argu-mentebiT unda dasabuTdes:

a) ssk 27-e muxlis pirveli nawilis arsis ganmartebiT da am mux-lis meore nawilTan misi sistemuri analiziT. kerZod:

27-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi, sadac naTqvamia: „danaSauli jgufis mieraa Cadenili, Tu mis ganxorcielebaSi winaswar SeuTanxmeblad monawileobda ori an meti amsrulebeli“, kanonmdebelma ganmarta, Tu vin arian danaSaulis CadenaSi monawile pirebi _ eseni arian amsrule-blebi;

rac Seexeba ssk 27-e muxlis me-2 nawils, aq laparakia winaswar SeTanxmebiT jgufis cnebaze: danaSauli jgufis mier winaswari Se-TanxmebiTaa Cadenili, Tu mis ganxorcielebaSi monawileni (romelTa vinaoba kanonmdebelma am muxlis pirvel nawilSi ukve ganmarta) winas-war SekavSirdnen danaSaulis erToblivad Casadenad.

amdenad, am muxlis meore nawilSi kanonmdebeli ar akeTebs sax-eldaxelo miTiTebas amsruleblebze, magram igi masSi am muxlis pirveli nawilis arsidan gamomdinare uTuod igulisxmeba;

b) ssk 27-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT winaswar SeTanxmebuli jgufis monawile rom mxolod amsrulebelia da ara danaSaulis Tanamonawile, es utyuarad mtkicdeba ssk 25-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT, sadac naTqvamia: „organizatoris, wamqezeblisa da damxmaris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ganisazRvreba am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT, am mux-lze miTiTebiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac isini amavdroulad danaSaulis Tanaamsruleblebi iyvnen“.

rogorc vxedavT, kanonmdebeli aq ambobs, rom nebismieri Tana-monawilis qmedebis kvalifikaciisaTvis aucilebelia ara marto ker-Zo nawilis Sesabamis muxlze (magaliTad, 108-e mux.), aramed aseve am muxlze (anu ssk 25-e muxlze) miTiTeba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tana-monawilis qmedebis kvalifikacia, magaliTad, mkvlelobisas unda mox-des ssk 25-e, 108-e muxliT.

33 ix. T. wereTeli. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi me-2, Tb., 2007, gv. 134-146; q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi. sisxlis samarTali. zogadi nawili, danaSaulis gamov-linebis calkeuli formebi, Tb., 2011, gv. 252-253; m. turava., sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2013, gv. 279; m. lekveiSvili. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, Tb., 2014, gv. 43-44; n. Todua. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, Tb., 2014, gv. 113-114).

34 Sead. g. naWyebia. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2007, gv. 223-224; o. gamyreliZe. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi me-3, Tb., 2013, gv. 289.

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magram, ukeTu es Tanamonawile (magaliTad, organizatori) ima-vdroulad Tanaamsrulebelic iyo (e.i. uSualod monawileobda da-naSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaSi), maSin misi qmedebis kvalifikaciisas araa saWiro ssk 25-e muxlze miTiTeba, ar-amed sakmarisia miTiTeba kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlze.

sainteresoa, ra gviTxra kanonmdebelma 25-e muxlis me-3 nawilis amgvari formulirebiT?

man gviTxra is, rom ss kodeqsis kerZo nawilis muxlebi Seqmnilia amsruleblisaTvis da ara TanamonawilisaTvis. amitom amsruleblis qmedebis kvlifikaciisaTvis sakmarisia kerZo nawilis Sesabamis mux-lze an mis nawilze miTiTeba.

rac Seexeba Tanamonawiles, igi ar igulisxmeba kerZo nawilis Sesa-bamis muxlebSi an mis nawilebSi. swored amitom maTi qmedebis kvali-fikaciisaTvis araa sakmarisi sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis Se-sabamis muxlze an mis nawilze miTiTeba, aramed aseve aucilebelia miTiTeba zogadi nawilis Sesabamis muxlzec (ssk 25-e mux.).

g) zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Tuki gaviziarebT im mecni-erTa mosazrebas, romlebic winaswar SeTanxmebul jgufSi amsrule-belTan erTad Tanamonawilesac moiazreben, maSin gamodis, TiTqos Tanamonawilec am jgufSi Semavali piri yofila.

Tuki es asea, maSin ra saWiroa Tanamonawilis qmedebis kvalifi-kaciisaTvis kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlTan erTad zogadi nawilis 25-e muxlze miTiTebac?es Tanamonawile xom isedac am jgufis wevri gamodis?

esaa is kiTxva, rasac zemoT xsenebuli mosazrebis avtorebma unda gascen pasuxi, magram isini arc ki svamen aseT kiTxvas.

d) garda amisa, amgvari gageba konkretul SemadgenlobebSi Ta-vad Tanamonawiloebis sisxlissamarTlebriv instituts zedmets xdis. kerZod, gamova, rom, Tu am mosazrebas gaviziarebT, maSin iseT da-naSaulebSi, sadac makvalificirebel garemoebad gaTvaliswinebulia „igive qmedeba, Cadenili winaswar SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier“, nebism-ieri Tanamonawile (gansakuTrebiT ki organizatori da wamqezebeli) gadaiqceva amsruleblad. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, miviRebT viTarebas, roca aseT makvalificirebel SemadgenlobebSi SeiZleba arsebobdes mxolod amsrulebeli, magram ar SeiZleba arsebobdes Tanamonawile. amdenad, aq yvela amsrulebelia imis miuxedavad, igi uSualod axor-cielebda Tu ara danaSaulis obieqtur Semadgenlobas. aseTi azri ki veranair kritikas ver uZlebs.

sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom ss kodeqsis kerZo nawilis im mux-lebSi, sadac makvalificirebeli garemoeba aris „igive qmedeba, Ca-denili winaswar SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier“, igulisxmeba minimum ori

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amsruleblis mier am danaSaulis Cadena. Tuki saxezea mxolod erTi amsrulebeli da meore Tanamonawile, qmedeba am damamZimebeli gare-moebiT ver dakvalificirdeba.

magaliTad, petrem waaqeza pavle, raTa moekla ivane. pavlem pe-tresTan winaswari SeTanxmebiT marTlac mokla ivane. saxezea martivi mkvleloba (108-e mux.), romlis amsrulebelia pavle. petre ki aris am mkvlelobis Tanamonawile _ wamqezebeli (25-e, 108-e mux.). amdenad, aq araa saxeze mkvleloba jgufurad (109-e mux.), sadac igulisxmeba rogorc winaswar SeuTanxmebeli jgufis mier, ise winaswar SeTanxmeb-uli jgufis mier Cadenili mkvleloba. ufro metic, aq organizebuli jgufis mier Cadenili mkvlelobac igulisxmeba.

meore magaliTi: petrem waaqeza pavle, raTa mas gaequrda iqve xis Ziras mZinare vaso. pavlem marTalc gaqurda vaso petres waqezebiT.

saxeze araa qurdoba Cadenili winaswar SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier. saxezea qurdobis martivi Semadgenloba _ 177-e muxlis pirveli nawili, Tu, ra Tqma unda, saxeze araa sxva raime damamZimebeli gare-moeba. aq qurdobis amsrulebelia pavle, romelmac gaqurda vaso (177-e m-is 1-li. naw.), xolo petre aris qurdobis Tanamonawile _ wamqeze-beli (25-e, 177-e muxlis pirv. naw.).

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos iusticiis saministrosTan arsebu-li sakanonmdeblo reformis sakoordinacio sabWos mier SemuSavebul kanonproeqtSi ssk 27-e muxlis meore nawili Camoyalibda Semdegnai-rad: „danaSauli jgufis mier winaswar SeTanxmebiTaa Cadenili, Tu mis ganxorcielebaSi amsruleblebi winaswar SekavSirdnen danaSaulis erToblivad Casadenad“.

rogorc vxedavT, aq aqcenti gakeTebulia „amsruleblebze“ da ara „monawile pirebze“.

amdenad, roca es kanonproeqti dakanondeba ssk 27-e muxlis me-2 nawilis orazrovnad gagebis saSiSorebac moixsneba.

sabolood, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom momzadebis principul dausj-elobas aqvs rogorc Tavisi dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi momentebi da, piriqiT, mis dasjad stadiad gamocxadebasac Tan axlavs ara marto uaryofiTi, aseve dadebiTi momentebi.

rogor unda daixvewos saqarTvelos ss kanonmdebloba ise, rom SevinarCunoT momzadebis dasjadobac da amave dros, gamoiricxos adrindeli, e.w. daumTavrebeli momzadebis dasjadoba, roca pirs jer kidev ar SeuZlia gadavides danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlo-bis ganxorcielebaze?

vfiqrobT, amisaTvis saWiroa, daixvewos ssk me-18 muxlis (momza-debis) definicia Semdegnairad: danaSaulis momzadebad iTvleba dana-Saulis CadenisaTvis pirobis ganzrax Seqmna, roca pirs dauyovnebliv

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SeuZlia daiwyos danaSaulis mcdeloba. an Semdegnairad: danaSaulis momzadeba aris danaSaulis Casadenad pirobis ganzrax Seqmna, rac dauyovnebliv SeiZleba gadaizardos danaSaulis mcdelobaSi.

xom ar ewinaaRmdegeba zogierT qveyanaSi mcdelobis aseTi farTe ganmarteba, ra drosac faqtobrivad Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba Ta-naamsruleblobad Sefasdes, Tanamonawileobis dualistur Teorias? am kiTxvas pasuxi rom gavceT, unda ganvixiloT gfr ss kanonmdebloba da Semdeg SevadaroT igi saqarTvelos ss kanonmdeblobas am sakiTxSi. kerZod, SevadaroT mcdelobisa da amsruleblobis cneba gfr-sa da saqarTveloSi.

vnaxoT, rogoraa ganmartebuli danaSaulis mcdeloba gfr ss kodeqsis 22-e paragrafis mixedviT: sisxlissamarTleblivad dasjadi qmedebis Cadenas cdilobs is, vinc qmedebaze Tavisi warmodgenis Sesa-bamisad uSualod Seudgeba qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebas.35

rogorc vxedavT, aq mcdelobis cnebaSi wamoweulia ori momenti: a) subieqturi momenti _ piris warmodgena qmedebis Semadgenlo-

baze. kerZod, mcdelobis erT-erTi komponentia is, rom piri qmedebis Semadgenlobaze Tavisi warmodgenis Sesabamisad moqmedebdes;

b) obieqturi momenti _ piri uSualod unda Seudges qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebas.

es ori komponenti unda arsebobdes kumulaciurad. aqedan gamomdinare, gfr-Si Tavisuflad SeiZleba iseTi qmedebis

miCneva mcdelobad, roca piris warmodgeniT dawyebulia qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba, Tumca obieqturad igi jer araa daw-yebuli, magram is-isaa, unda daiwyos. magaliTad, piris warmodgeniT, qurdobis Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba uSualod dawyebulia fanja-raze kibis midgmiT, radgan aseTi qmedeba amsruleblis warmodgeniT, marTlac SesaZloa iyos qurdobis Semadgenlobis dasawyisi, vinaidan es qmedeba Zalze axlosaa misi obieqturi Semadgenlobis dawyebasTan.

Tumca erTia, Tu ra warmodgena aqvs pirs qmedebis Semadgenlobis dasawyisze da sul sxvaa, Tu ra „warmodgena“ aqvs Tavad kanonmdebels masze. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, sul sxvaa, Tu sinamdvileSi ras gu-lisxmobs konkretuli danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenloba.

am TvalsazrisiT, SevadaroT es cneba saqarTvelos ssk me-19 mux-liT gaTvaliswinebul mcdelobis cnebas. ssk me-19 muxlis mixedviT, „mcdelobad iTvleba ganzraxi qmedeba, romelic uSualod mimarTuli iyo danaSaulis Casadenad, magram danaSauli bolomde ar iqna miyvani-li“.

rogorc vxedavT, saqarTveloSi mcdeloba maSinaa saxeze, roca

35 ix. gfr sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, teqsti da samecniero-praqtikuli komen-tari (rusul enaze), moskovi, 2010.

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qmedeba uSualod mimarTulia danaSaulis Casadenad. ras niSnavs „uSualod mimarTuli“? es niSnavs imas, rom qmedebiT

ukve uSualod ganxorcielebuli unda iyos danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis romelime niSani da aq piris warmodgenas am sakiTxze araa aqvs mniSvneloba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenloba imgvarad unda iyos ganxorcielebuli, rogorc es kanonmdebelma gansazRvra da ara piris warmodgenis Sesabamisad. aseve aucilebelia, rom piris qmedeba mimarTuli, anu gamiznuli unda iyos garkveuli Sedegis gamowvevisaken (Sedegian danaSaulSi), anda pirs gamiznuli unda hqondes Tavad am qmedebis Cadena (formalur dana-SaulSi).

axla vnaxoT, vinaa amsrulebeli germanuli federaciuli respub-likis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT. am kodeqsis 25-e para-grafis pirveli nawilis mixedviT amsruleblis saxiT isjeba is, vinc sCadis danaSaulebriv qmedebas TviTon, an sxva piris gamoyenebiT. am-denad, aq ganmartebulia:

a) erTpirovnuli amsrulebeli (vinc sCadis danaSauls TviTon) da b) SualobiTi amsrulebeli (sCadis danaSauls sxva piris gamoy-

enebiT). rogorc vxedavT, SualobiTi amsruleblobisaTvis ara aqvs mniS-

vneloba, gamoyenebuli piri aris Tu ara sisxlis samarTlis subi-eqti, riTac igi am sakiTxSi principulad gansxvavdeba saqarTvelos ss kanonmdeblobisagan.

g) amave paragrafis me-2 nawilis mixedviT ki, ramdenime piris mier danaSaulebrivi qmedebis erToblivad Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, TiToeuli maTgani eqvemdebareba dasjas, rogorc amsrulebeli (Tanaamsrule-blebi). (ix. gfr-is sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, iqve).

SevadaroT es cneba saqarTvelos ssk 22-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul amsruleblobis cnebas. ssk 22-e muxlis mixedviT, „amsrulebelia is, vinc uSualod Caidina danaSauli an sxvasTan (TanaamsrulebelTan) er-Tad uSualod monawileobda mis CadenaSi, agreTve is, vinc danaSauli Caidina sxva iseTi piris meSveobiT, romelsac asakis, Seuracxadobis an sxva garemoebis gamo ar daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-ismgebloba“.

aSkaraa, rom gfr-is ss kodeqsiT danaSaulis amsruleblisaTvis araa dadgenili standarti, rom man mancdamainc „uSualod“ Caidinos danaSauli. mTavaria, rom is sCadis danaSauls. aqedan gamomdinare, gfr-is doqtrinaSi savsebiT miRebulia Sexeduleba, rom amsrulebe-lad gvevlineba is, visi nebac ganzraxi danaSaulis Cadenisas mimar-Tulia iqiTken, rom danaSaulebrivi qmedeba Caidinos, rogorc sa-

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kuTari.36 xolo saqarTveloSi amsruleblobisaTvis aucilebelia, man uSualod Caidinos danaSauli.

ra gansxvavebaa maT Soris? gansxvaveba isaa, rom danaSauls „uSua-lod sCadis“ is, vinc qmedebis obieqtur Semadgenlobas mTlianad an mis nawils mainc axorcielebs marto an sxva pirTan erTad. xolo da-naSauls „sCadis“ isic, vinc sxvagvaradaa dakavSirebuli danaSaulis CadenasTan, Tumca SesaZloa, obieqtur Semadgenlobis arc erT niSans ar axorcielebdes.

amdenad, erTmaneTisagan unda gaimijnos „danaSaulis Cadena“da „danaSaulis uSualod Cadena“.

erTaderTi gamonaklisi, roca amsrulebeli uSualod Tavad ar axorcielebs danaSaulis Semadgenlobas, esaa SualobiTi amsrule-bloba, imitomac hqvia mas ara „amsrulebeli“, aramed „SualobiTi amsrulebeli“, magram amisaTvis saWiroa, rom SualobiTi amsruleb-lis mier gamoyenebuli piri, anu „cocxali iaraRi“ iyos Seuracxadi, an sxva garemoebis gamo (magaliTad, imitom, rom moqmedebda samar-Tlebrivi Secdomis pirobebSi) ar daekisros sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba saerTod, an sul mcire ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis mainc.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, gfr-Si Tanaamsruleblebad SesaZloa, CaiTvalos SemTxveva, roca yaCaRobis an mkvlelobis mizniT erTi piri dadga binis karebTan, xolo meore Sevida binaSi da Tavs daesxa adamians nivTis dasaufleblad, an mokla igi. saqarTveloSi aq mkvlelobisa Tu yaCaRobis obieqtur Semadgenlobas uSualod ax-orcielebs mxolod is, vinc klavs adamians an vinc Tavs esxmis mas. xolo karebTan mdgomi piri, Tu yaCaRobis SemTxvevaSi msxverpli mas ver xedavs, aris Tanamonawile. amdenad, es araa jgufurad Cadenili danaSauli.

sabolood, unda gakeTdes Semdegi daskvna: is faqti, rom zog qveyanaSi mcdelobis cneba farTodaa gagebuli, ar ewinaaRmdege-ba Tanamonawileobis dualistur Teorias, radgan, jer erTi, aseTi ganmartebis saSualebas iZleva Tavad am qveyanaTa (am SemTxvevaSi germaniis) ss kanonmdebloba (kerZod, mcdelobisa da amsruleblobis sakanonmdeblo ganmarteba) da rac mTavaria, aseTi farTo ganmarte-ba yvela SemTxvevaSi rodi gamoricxavs qmedebis kvlifikacias Tana-monawileobiT da yvela SemTxvevas rodi gadaaqcevs amsruleblobad.

saerTod, saxelmwifos prerogativad unda CaiTvalos, ra sakanon-mdeblo farglebs dauwesebs igi sasamarTlos amsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis gamijvnisaTvis.

36 Sead. sazRvargareTis qveynebis sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, rusul enaze, moskovi, 2003, gv. 398.

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is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi am sakiTxis gamijvnis sakanonmdeb-lo farglebi SezRudulia qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis Cad-eniT, saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi ufro samarTlianad unda CaiTvalos, radgan, jer erTi, igi gamoricxavs sasamarTlos zedmet Tavisufle-bas im sakiTxSi, rac adamianis bedis gadawyvetasTanaa dakavSirebuli. meorec, pirisaTvis ufro advilad ganWvretadia, Tu risTvis SeiZle-ba man agos pasuxi mocemul SemTxvevaSi _ danaSaulSi Tanamonawileo-bisaTvis, Tu jgufurad Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis, rogorc Tanaams-rulebelma.

Tanaamsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis sakiTxis gamijvnisaT-vis sainteresoa Tanamonawileobis iseTi saxeebis, rogoricaa, organi-zatori da damxmare, dayofa jgufebad. kerZod:

organizatoris dayofa or jgufad: a) organizatoroba, rasac ad-gili hqonda uSualod danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxor-cielebis dawyebamde _ moawyo danaSauli misi obieqturi Semadgenlo-bis ganxorcielebamde da b) uxelmZRvanela danaSauls misi uSualod ganxorcielebis procesSic, Tumca misi obieqturi Semadgenlobis arc erTi niSani Tavad ar ganuxorcielebia.

pirveli SemTxvevis magaliTi: petrem gadawyvita, gaequrda banki. am mizniT man winaswar SeiZina bankSi RamiT daubrkolebliv SeRwevis, signalizaciis gaTiSvisa da seifebis gaxsnisaTvis saWiro teqnika. manve moipova da Seiswavla bankis yvela Sesasvlelis sqema. Semdeg gadmoibira sami piri, Cautara Sesabamisi instruqtaJi, gadasca sa-Tanado teqnika da gaanawila maT Soris rolebi. am samma pirma RamiT SeaRwia bankis sacavSi da gaqurda banki ise, rom qurdobis procesSi petres maTTan araviTari kavSiri ar hqonia.

meore SemTxvevis magaliTi: roca es sami piri gaistumra bankis gasaqurdad, petres maTTan hqonda intensiuri satelefono kavSiri da kritikul situaciebSi aswavlida, rogor unda gadaelaxaT dab-rkoleba.

maT SeZles bankis gaqurdva. igive daxmareba amsruleblis mier danaSaulis obieqturi Semad-

genlobis uSualod ganxorcielebis procesSi, e.i. misi dawyebis Semdeg saboloo damTavrebamde; magaliTad, petrem pavles gadasca morgebu-li gasaRebi binis gasaqurdad. pavlem am gasaRebis gamoyenebiT SeaRwia binaSi. petre mas gareT elodeboda, raTa safrTxis SemTxvevaSi niSani mieca misTvis. amave dros, roca pavles dabrkoleba Seeqmna nivTebis gamotanisas, petrem telefoniT urCia, Tu rogor unda gamoetana es nivTebi sxvebisaTvis SeumCnevlad.

rac Seexeba im SemTxvevas, roca piri organizebas uwevs sxvas da-naSaulis uSualod ganxorcielebis dawyebamde, aseve SemTxveva, roca

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petrem mxolod gasaRebi miawoda pavles binis gasaqurdad, es sakiTxi qarTul sinamdvileSi, roca Tanamonawileobis institutSi arsebobs organizatorisa da damxmaris saxe, davas ar iwvevs im TvalsazrisiT, rom aq saxezea araa Tanaamsrulebloba, aramed saxezea Tanamonaw-ileoba. amitom am sakiTxis CaRrmavebas azri ara aqvs.

ismis kiTxva: xelmZRvaneloba amsrulebelze mis mier danaSau-lis obieqturi Semadgenlobis uSualod ganxorcielebis procesSi an daxmareba imave dros, rogorc amas adgili hqonda zemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi, xom ar gvaZlevs Tanaamsruleblobas? „uSualo ganxor-cielebis“ ganmarteba xom araa SesaZlebeli ise, rom igi aucileblad ar gulisxmobdebs danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxor-cielebas sakuTari xelebiT? iqneb ufro swori iqneba, am SemTxvevi-saTvis gamoviyenoT amsruleblobisa da Tanamonawileobis gamijvnis materialur-obieqturi moZRvreba. kerZod, qmedebaze batonobis Teo-ria, romlis mixedviTac Tanaamsruleblad iTvleba is piric, vinc organizaciulad batonobs sxvis qmedebaze an vinc funqcionalurad dakavSirebuli iyo qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis uSualo procesTan da uSualod CarTuli iyo mis mimdinareobaSi, 37rogorc amas adgili hqonda zemoT moyvanil orive SemTxvevaSi?

daviwyoT bankis gaqurdvisas petres qmedebis Sefaseba am kuTxiT. xom araa igi bankis qurdobis Tanaamsrulebeli im sam pirTan erTad, vinc uSualod SeaRwia bankSi?

saqarTveloSi es sakiTxi verc dadgeba, radgan petres mier Cad-enili qmedeba zustad Seesabameba ssk 24-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Sinaarss, sadac mocemulia organizatoris cneba. kerZod: „organi-zatoria is, vinc moawyo danaSauli an xelmZRvanelobda mis ganxor-cielebas“. am cnebaSi sityvebi: `vinc moawyo danaSauli“ gulisxmobs qmedebaze organizaciul batonobas swored qmedebis uSualod daw-yebamde. magaliTad, zemoT xsenebuli magaliTis is varianti, roca petrem gauSva ra sami piri bankis gasaqurdad, mis gaqurdvis uSualo procesSi mas araviTari kontaqti ar hqonia maTTan. man Tavisi orga-nizaciuli funqcia manamde amowura winare qmedebebiT. amdenad, pe-trem aq moawyo danaSaulis (qurdobis) Cadena.

rac Seexeba organizatoris cnebis Semdeg sityvebs: „an xelmZR-vanelobda mis ganxorcielebas“, ufro metad gulisxmobs swored im SemTxvevas, roca piri organizaciulad xelmZRvanelobs danaSaulis Cadenas misi uSualod ganxorcielebis dros, magram Tavad ar asru-lebs obieqturi Semadgenlobis arc erT niSans.

amdenad, saqarTvelos ss kanonmdeblobiT organizatoroba gu-lisxmobs garkveuli qmedebis ganxorcielebas rogorc danaSaulis

37 ix. m. turava. dasax. naSr. gv. 336-337.

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uSualod dawebamde ise misi dawyebis Semdegac da am sakiTxisadmi diferencirebuli midgoma am cnebaSi ar moiazreba. igi amsruleblis-agan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom ar axorcielebs qmedebis Semadgenlobas, aramed organizaciulad warmarTavs amsruleblis qmedebas.

es rom asea, amaze rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ssk 25-e muxlis me-3 nawilic miuTiTebs, sadac weria: organizatoris, wamqezeblisa da damxmaris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ganisazRvreba am kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT (igulisxmeba kerZo nawilis muxli), am muxlze miTiTebiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac isini amavdroulad danaSaulis Tanaamsruleblebi iyvnen.

es imas niSnavs, rom organizatoris qmedeba imis miuxedavad, man moawyo danaSauli, Tu xelmZRvanelobda mas uSualod qmedebis obieq-turi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebisas, dakvalificirdeba ss kodeq-sis kerZo nawilis Sesabamisi muxliT da ssk 25-e muxlze miTiTebiT. xolo, Tu organizatori (an sxva Tanamonawile) amave dros Tanaam-srulebelic iyo, maSin misi qmedeba kvalificirdeba mxolod kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlze miTiTebiT, rogorc es xdeba amsrule-blobis dros.

magaliTad, Tu zemoT xsenebuli bankis gaqurdvisas petre im sam pirTan erTad uSualod monawileobda bankis gaqurdvaSi, misi qmedeba dakvalificirdeba mxolod kerZo nawilis Sesabamis muxlze miTiTe-biT, radgan am SemTxvevaSi man organizatorobasTan erTad amsrule-blis funqciac SeiTavsa. e.i. qmedebis kvalifikaciisas amsrulebloba gadafaravs organizatorobas, Tumca sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-ismgeblobis dakisrebisas mis mier danaSaulis organizatorobis faq-ti (rac unda aRiniSnos braldebaSi) mxedvelobaSi miiReba sasjelis daniSvnisas da sxva amsruleblebTan SedarebiT misi sasjeli ufro mkacri iqneba.

ufro metic, ssk 25-e muxlis me-7 nawilis ganxilviT aSkaraa, rom warumatebeli organizeba (e.i. roca amsrulebels jer ar dauwy-ia qmedeba) CaiTvleba danaSaulis momzadebad (iseve, rogorc waru-matebeli waqezeba). es imas niSnavs, rom amsruleblis mier dasjadi stadiis ganxorcielebamde Cadenili qmedebani (magaliTad, danaSau-lis Cadenis zusti gegmis micema amsruleblebze da rolebis mkacri ganawileba) jer araa Tanamonawileoba danaSaulSi. kerZod, igi araa organizeba. igi mxolod danaSaulis momzadebaa. amdenad, vinaidan Tanamonawileoba aqcesoruli bunebisaa da qmedeba Tanamonawileobad mxolod maSin iTvleba, roca amsrulebeli Seudgeba dasjadi stadiis ganxorcielebas, es imas niSnavs, rom samarTlebrivad aranairi mniS-vneloba ara aqvs piris mier TanamonawileobiT Sesafasebeli qmedeba amsruleblebis mier danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis dawyebamde

57

iqna dasrulebuli, Tu igi grZeldeboda amsruleblis mier danaSau-lis obieqturi Semadgenlobis dawyebis Semdegac (misi ganxorcielebis procesSi).

es sakiTxi ufro gamokveTilad Cans, roca saqme exeba daxmarebas. ssk 25-e muxlis me-7 nawilis ganmartebiT aSkaraa, rom warumatebe-

li daxmareba (e.i. roca amsrulebels ar Caudenia danaSaulis dasjadi stadia) danaSaulis momzadebadac ki ver dakvalificirdeba. aseTi „daxmareba“ saerTod ar isjeba.

aqedan gamomdinare, araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, dax-mareba (magaliTad, fsiqikuri an inteleqtualuri) ganxorcielda ams-ruleblis mier danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis dawyebamde, Tu igi xorcieldeboda danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis uSualod mimdinareobis procesSi (qurdobisas binis karebTan darajad dgoma, an mkvlelobis Cadenisas mkvlelis gverdiT dgoma an misi satele-fono kontaqtiT gamxneveba, riTac mas gambedaoba emateba. anda rCe-va-darigebis micema mkvlelze uSualod mkvlelobis ganxorcielebis procesSi _ satelefono saubriT an Tundac gverdze dgomisas (kidev esrole, cocxali ar darCes). yvela es qmedeba daxmarebaa da sxva araferi.

ismis kiTxva: Tu aqvs raime samarTlebrivi mniSvneloba daxmarebis saxeebad amgvarad dayofas. kerZod, daxmarebad, rac srulad ganx-orcielda amsruleblis mier danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis dawyebamde da daxmarebad, rac Cadenil iqna an grZeldeboda amsrule-blis mier danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlobis dawyebis Semdegac?

pasuxi SeiZleba aseTi iyos: aseTi daxmareba sasjelis daniSvnisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba, rogorc damamZimebeli garemoeba, radgan saqa-rTvelos ssk 53-e muxlis me-3 nawilis mixedviT, sasjelis daniSvnisas sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, mxedvelobaSi miiRos qmedebaSi gamovle-nili marTlsawinaaRmdego neba (rac mocemul SemTxvevaSi, roca or-ganizebas an daxmarebas adgili aqvs qmedebis Semadgenlobis dawyebis Semdegac, aSkarad didia), aseve qmedebis ganxorcielebis saxe, xerxi da sxva garemoebebi.

igive azria gatarebuli saqarTvelos ssk 57-e muxlSi (sasjelis daniSvna danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobisa da danaSaulis amsrule-blobisaTvis), romlis pirvel nawilSi naTqvamia: danaSaulSi Tana-monawileobisa da danaSaulis amsruleblobisaTvis sasjelis dan-iSvnis dros mxedvelobaSi miiReba piris faqtobrivi monawileobis xarisxi da xasiaTi, am monawileobis mniSvneloba danaSaulis miznis misaRwevad, misi gavlena gamowveuli an SesaZlebeli zianis xasiaTsa da xarisxze.

ra Tqma unda, organizatorisa Tu damxmaris danaSaulSi monaw-

58

ileobis xarisxi da xasiaTi gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, igi gamov-linda qmedebis ganxorcielebaSi danaSaulis obieqturi Semadgenlo-bis dawyebamde, Tu grZeldeboda danaSaulis dawyebis Semdegac mis damTavrebamde. aseve maT gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba aqvT danaSaulis miznis miRwevis saqmeSi da gamowveul zianze gavlenis xarisxic gan-sxvavebulia, rac sasjelis daniSvnisas unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi.

amdenad, saqarTvelos ss kanonmdeblobiT es garemoebebi mxolod sasjelze axdens zegavlenas da ar warmoadgens qmedebis amsrule-blobad Sefasebis safuZvels.

am qmedebebs saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi Tanaamsruleblobad imi-tomac ver SevafasebT, rom TiToeuli maTgani (binis karebTan mis-vla mkvlelobisa Tu qurdobis Casadenad, aseve danaSaulis Cadenis adgilamde misvla) calke aRebuli, Tu is Cadenili iqneba erTi piris mier, gvaZlevs danaSaulis ara mcdelobas, aramed momzadebas.

zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, pasuxi unda gaeces kiTxvas: Tu es asea, maSin ratom unda CaiTvalos Tanaamsruleblobad qmedebaze faq-tobrivi batonoba (msxverplze danis Cartyma) da qmedebis Semadgen-lobis romelime niSnis ganxorcielebaSi gadamwyveti rolis TamaSi _ mkvlelobisas msxverplis xelebis gakaveba?38 sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ratom iTvleba am SemTxvevaSi orive es piri amsruleblad da ar iTv-leba Tanamonawiled is, vinc mxolod xelebi gaukava msxverpls? lit-eraturaSi am ukanasknels xsnian qmedebaze funqcionaluri batonobis TeoriiT, anu materielur-obieqturi TeoriiT.

ismis kiTxva: Tu SeiZleba amgvari qmedebis Tanaamsruleblobad dakvalificireba formalur-obieqturi TeoriiT? am kiTxvas pasuxi rom gavceT, saWiroa, gadavitanoT es magaliTi erT amsrulebelze.

petrem gadawyvita, moklas pavle. am mizniT man SeiZina civi iaraRi da Causafrda mas saxlis SesasvlelTan. roca pavle gamoCnda, petrem xeli staca mas da gaakava, raTa dana Caertya misTvis. sainteresoa, ra stadiasTan gvaqvs saqme?

esaa mkvlelobis mcdelobis stadia da ara misi momzadebis stadia, radgan qmedebis amsrulebeli momzadebis stadiidan (Casafrebidan) ukve gadavida mcdelobis stadiaze. kerZod, saxezea daumTavrebeli mcdelobis stadia, radgan msxverplis xelis gakaveba misi mokvlis mizniT niSnavs imas, rom ukve uSualo safrTxe emuqreba msxverplis sicocxles.

amdenad, mokvlis mizniT msxverplis xelis gakaveba mkvlelobis daumTavrebeli mcdelobaa da ara momzadeba. e.i. piri ukve iwyebs mkv-lelobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis erT-erTi niSnis ganxorcielebas,

38 ix. q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tb., 2011, gv. 149-150; 160.

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rac msxverplisadmi Zaladobis dawyebaSi gamovlinda. Sesabamisad, Tu am viTarebas or pirze gadavanawilebT _ erTma

msxverpls xeli gaukava, meorem dana Casca mas _ saxezea Tanaamsrule-bloba, radgan orive mkvlelobis Semadgenlobas axorcielebs: msx-verplis xelis gakaveba mkvlelobis daumTavrebeli mcdelobaa, danis Cacema ki _ damTavrebuli mcdeloba.

saerTod, sainteresoa sakiTxi: ramdenad batonobs qmedebaze is, vinc mxolod xelmZRvanelobs danaSaulis Cadenas, magram obieqturad ar asrulebs misi Semadgenlobis arc erT niSans (batonobs codniT, funqcionalurad an organizaciulad)? ramdenad da ra moculobiT SeuZlia aseT pirs nebismier momentSi Secvalos uSualo amsrule-beli, Tu man, ase vTqvaT, „ver gaamarTla“?39

ganvixiloT es sakiTxi zemoT xsenebuli bankis gaqurdvis magali-Tze. petrem gaukeTa ra organizeba sami piris mier bankis gaqurdvas, gauSva isini qurdobis Casadenad. am pirebma didi winaaRmdegobis os-taturad gadalaxviT (rac SedarebiT gauadvildaT petres mier ga-dacemuli teqnikis gamoyenebiT da misgan miRebuli rCevebiT), SeaR-wies bankis sacavSi. sanam bankis gaqurdvas daiwyebdnen, moulodnelad maT daeuflaT sasjelis abstraqtuli SiSi da gadawyvites, daetove-binaT bankis sacavi, Tumca misi gaqurdva Tavisuflad SeeZloT.

maTi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb petrem (organizatorma) rom Seityo, kategoriulad aukrZala maT danaSaulze xelis aReba, magram bankSi Sesuli pirebi amaze ver daiTanxma. ufro metic, petre maT mokvliT-ac ki daemuqra, Tuki isini qurdobis gareSe datovebdnen banks, magram amaod, arc am muqaram gaWra. qmedebis amsruleblebma datoves bankis sacavi ise, rom araferi wauRiaT.

aseT dros risi gakeTeba SeuZlia organizators? SeuZlia ki mas dauyovnebliv Secvalos sami „uvargisi“ piri sxva pirebiT?

ra Tqma unda, ara. amis gakeTebas didi Zalisxmeva sWirdeba. jer unda gamoZebnos sxva pirebi da Semdeg Tavidan unda uxelmZRvanelos maT, anu Tavidan unda moawyos es danaSauli.

aseve verafers gaawyobs petre, Tuki man Seityo, rom bankSi Se-suli pirebi eqscesis ganxorcielebas apireben. magaliTad, bankis gaqurdvis nacvlad gadawyvites, Caidinon ZalmomreobiTi sqesobrivi danaSauli. Tu am pirebma es gadawyvetileba mtkiced miiRes, gareT myofi petre maT veranairi muqariT ver SeaCerebs.

ufro metic, petre aq organizebuli jgufis xelmZRvanelic rom iyos, maSinac ki ver Secvlis qmedebis amsruleblebs nebismier dros. kerZod, is dauyovnebliv ver Secvlis am sam pirs, romlebmac um-tyunes, sxva pirebiT. marTalia, mas axali pirebis gamoZebna ar das-

39 am sakiTxze ix. q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi. dasax. naSr. gv. 147.

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Wirdeba, radgan organizebul jgufSi sxvebic hyavs, magram maT bankSi SeRwevisa da seifebis gaxsnisaTvis aseve sWirdebaT Sesabamisi teqnika da saTanado winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva, rasac dro sWirdeba.

amdenad, organizatori qmedebis uSualod ganxorcielebisas mis sadaveebs srulyofilad ar flobs. mas flobs mxolod garkveuli doziTa da farglebSi. kerZod:

a) flobs im doziT, ra doziTac qmedebis amsruleblebi isurve-ben, daemorCilon mas:

b) im farglebSi, sanam amsruleblebi jer ar misulan SemTxvevis adgilamde.

sxva sakiTxia, roca organizatori winare etapze Seatyobs, rom amsruleblebi mas ar gamoadgebian konkretuli qmedebis Casadenad. aseT SemTxvevaSi misTvis problema araa, mokle droSi Secvalos isini sxva pirebiT, Tumca arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom pirTa Canacvlebas garkveuli droc dasWirdes.

organizators rom sruli moculobiT ara aqvs xelT qmedebis sa-daveebi, amaze isic metyvelebs, rom mas ara aqvs eqscesis Cadenis Ses-aZlebloba. saerTod, amsrulebelTa saxeebSi am mxriv gamonaklisia mxolod SualobiTi amsrulebeli, romelic sxva pirs iyenebs „cocxal iaraRad“ da amdenad, gasakviri araa, igi ar flobdes im qmedebas, rac „cocxalma iaraRma“ unda Caidinos.

sxva saxis amsruleblisaTvis ki aucilebel niSnad unda CaiT-valos eqscesis SesaZlebloba, riTac igi gansxvavdeba Tanamonawil-isagan. organizatori imitomacaa Tanamonawile da ara „amsrulebeli amsruleblis ukan“, rom mas eqscesis SesaZlebloba ara aqvs. Tumca igi arc SualobiTi amsrulebelia, radgan saqarTvelos ss kanonmde-blobiT SualobiTi amsrulebeli danaSaulis Casadenad cocxal iara-Rad iyenebs iseT pirs, visac Seuracxadobis an sxva garemoebis gamo ar daekisreba ss pasuxismgebloba.

zemoT xsenebul SemTxvevaSi ki petre bankis gasaqurdad iyenebs ss pasuxismgeblobis asaks miRweul da Seracxad pirebs, romlebic Cveulebrivi wesiT sisxlissamarTlebrivad ageben pasuxs ganzraxi da-naSaulis CadenisaTvis.

rogorc vxedavT, saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba SualobiT amsrule-blobas ukavSirebs iseT SemTxvevas, roca cocxal iaraRs ar daekisre-ba sisxlis amarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba yovel SemTxvevaSi ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis mainc. amiT ki igi gansxvavdeba gfr-is ss kanonmde-blobisagan, romlis ssk 25-e paragrafis pirveli nawilis mixedviT, amsrulebelia isic, vinc danaSauls sCadis sxva piris gamoyenebiT.

amdenad, am qveyanaSi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, es „sxva piri“ eqvemde-bareba Tu ara ss pasuxismgeblobas ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis aqedan.

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gamomdinare, is, vinc CvenTan Tanamonawilea (kerZod, organizatori), gfr-Si SeiZleba iyos amsrulebeli, kerZod, SualobiTi amsrulebeli, vinc sxva piris gamoyenebiT Caidina danaSauli.

ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli Tanaamsrulebloba Sereuli umoqmedobi-sas? am sakiTxs aqvs ara marto Teoriuli, aramed wminda praqtikuli mniSvneloba qmedebis swori kvalifikaciisaTvis.

pirvel rigSi unda gairkves, Tu ra igulisxmeba Tanaamsrule-blobaSi saqarTvelos ssk 22-e muxlis mixedviT? kerZod, Tanaams-ruleblebi amsruleblebi arian, Tu sakmarisia, maTgan mxolod erTi iyos amsrulebeli,xolo meore _ Tanamonawile?

iuridiul literaturaSi am sakiTxze gansxvavebuli mosazreba arsebobs. kerZod, prof. m. turava miiCnevs, rom sisxlis samarTalSi ganviTarebuli e.w. funqcionaluri Teoria gamoiyeneba im Tanaams-ruleblis mimarT, romelsac uSualo monawileoba ar miuRia qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaSi. misi azriT, Tanaams-ruleblobis interpretacia formalur-obieqturi Teoriis mixedviT moZvelebulia, radgan, Tanamedrive gagebiT, danaSaulis CadenaSi uSu-alod monawileobs isic, vinc danaSaulis Cadenis uSualo procesSi xels uwyobs amsrulebels da uadvilebs mas qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebas. aseTi piri ar SeiZleba iyos ubralod mxolod damx-mare, aramed igi funqcionaluri amsrulebelia. 40 gansxvavebul mo-sazrebas aviTarebs prof. T. wereTeli. misi azriT, Tanaamsruleblad ar CaiTvleba is, vinc, Tumca danaSaulis Cadenis dros moqmedebs, magram danaSaulis Semadgenlobas uSualod ar axorcielebs. magali-Tad, vinc danaSaulis Cadenisas sadarajoze dgas, an vinc danaSaulis Cadenisas dabrkolebas acilebs amsrulebels danaSaulis bolomde miyvanisaTvis.41 prof. o. gamyreliZe aseve miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelos ssk 22-e muxlis Canaweri „sxvasTan erTad uSualod monawileobda da-naSaulis CadenaSi“ niSnavs kodeqsis kerZo nawilis muxliT aRwerili qmedebis Semadgenlobis uSualod ganxorcielebas. amdenad, Tanaams-rulebloba igive amsruleblobaa.42 imave mosazrebaze dgas prof. g. naWyebia.43

es ukanaskneli mosazrebebi sworad unda CaiTvalos, radgan Ta-naamsrulebeli ssk 22-e muxlis mixedviT unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnas:

a) sxvasTan erTad unda monawileobdes danaSaulis CadenaSi da

40 ix. m. turava. dasax. naSr. gv. 336-337 41 Sead. T. wereTeli. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, me-2 tomi, Tb., 2007, gv.

135-137.42 Sead. o. gamyreliZe. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi III, Tb., 2013, gv. 261.43 ix. g. naWyebia. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2007,

gv. 206-208.

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b) uSualod unda monawileobdes danaSaulis CadenaSi. amdenad, ori an meti piri Tanaamsruleblad rom CaiTvalos, am or

niSans unda akmayofilebdes ara marto erTi piri, aramed meorec, e.i. am niSnebs unda akmayofilebdes orive.

axla mivubrundeT dasmul sakiTxs.is faqti, rom wminda umoqmedobiT Cadenil danaSaulSi (magali-

Tad, gansacdelSi motovebaSi _ 128-e muxli) Tanaamsrulebloba Seu-Zlebelia, sadavo araa, radgan masi Cadena dakavSirebulia special-uri movaleobis SesrulebasTan, romelic personaluria da deliqtis bunebis ganmsazRvrelia. amdenad, misi gadatana sxvaze ar SeiZleba da misi darRvevac mxolod erT pirovnebas SeuZlia, Sesabamisad, es mova-leoba Tanaamsruleblobis saxiT ar gadanawildeba44.

magaliTad, srulwlovani da-Zma xedavs, rom maTi mSobeli Rrma TxrilSi Cavarda da Svela sWirdeba. vinaidan isini dakavebuli iyvnen telefonze saubriT, arc erTi maTgani ar miexmara mSobels, radgan imedi daamyares iq myof xalxze, romelTac gansacdelSi myofs gauwies daxmareba.

SeuZlebelia maTi qmedebis Tanaamsruleblobad Sefaseba, radgan TiToeul maTgans personalurad evaleboda gansacdelSi myofi mSob-lis daxmareba da es movaleoba ar SeiZleba erTmaneTze gadanawildes. amdenad, isini damoukideblad ageben pasuxs ssk 128-e muxliT, ro-gorc samarTlebrivi garantebi.

rac Seexeba Sereuli umoqmedobis deliqtebs, anu deliqtebs, romlis Cadena SesaZlebelia rogorc moqmedebiT, ise umoqmedobiTac (magaliTad, mkvleloba), iuridiul literaturaSi miCneulia, rom am dros SesaZlebelia Tanaamsrulebloba.45

am azris naTelsayofad literaturaSi moyvanilia SemTxveva, roca col-qmari winaswari SeTanxmebiT mcirewlovan Svils Seuwyvets sakvebis micemas, rac gamoiwvevs bavSvis sikvdils. prof. o. gamyrel-iZis azriT, am SemTxvevaSi mSoblebi mkvlelobis Tanaamsruleblebi arian, magram Tanaamsruleblebad imitom ki ar CaiTvlebian, rom erTi maTganis movaleoba meoreze gadavida, aramed imitom, rom TiToeulma maTganma daarRvia Tavisi movaleoba da amiT Svili mokla. swored es Sedegi, romelic mkvlelobis Semadgenlobis aucilebeli elementia, safuZvlad daedo im debulebas, rom TiToeuli maTganis umoqmedoba erTad aRebuli, mkvlelobis Tanaamsruleblobad unda Sefasdes.46

marTalia, aseTi msjeloba sagulisxmo argumentebs eyrdnoba, ma-gram misi bolomde gaziareba mizanSewonilad ar migvaCnia. Tuki am

44 Sead. o. gamyreliZe. dasax. naSr. gv. 265.45 ix. o. gamyreliZe. dasax. naSromi, gv. 265-266; q. mWdliSvili-hedrixi, dasax.

naSr. gv. 353.46 Sead. o. gamyreliZe. dasax. naSr. gv. 266.

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SemTxvevaSi col-qmris qmedebas SevafasebT Tanaamsruleblobad, es imas niSnavs, rom es mkvleloba unda dakvalificirdes, rogorc Cad-enili jgufurad (ssk 109-e mux.), rac ar unda CaiTvalos gamarTlebu-lad. ismis kiTxva: ratom?

ra xdeba umoqmedobisas, rogorc amas adgili hqonda zemoTx-senebul magaliTSi? am SemTxvevaSi Cvilis sikvdili dadga SimSilis Sedegad, rac gamoiwvia misi sakvebis gareSe darCenis faqtma. aq ara aqvs mniSvneloba imas, ramdeni garanti hyavda mocemul SemTxvevaSi Cvils _ erTi Tu ramdenime. samarTlebrivi garantebis raodenoba zegavlenas ver moaxdebs Cvilis SimSilis xarisxze. mis organizmSi SimSilis biologiuri procesi erTnairad midis imis miuxedavad, ram-deni garanti iyo saxeze da ramdenma maTganma ar Seasrula misi samar-Tlebrivi movaleoba _ erTma, orma Tu xuTma. Sesabamisad, mas rom hyoloda mxolod deda, romelmac kveba Seuwyvita Cvils, sikvdili zustad imave dros da imgvaradve dadgeboda, rogorc es dadga ori mSoblis umoqmedobis SemTxvevaSi.

aqedan gamomdinare, zemoT xsenebul msjelobaSi uzustoba aris Semdeg mosazrebaSi: „TiToeuli maTganis umoqmedoba erToblivad aRebuli (xazgasman ekuTvnis nona Toduas) mkvlelobis Tanaamsrule-blobad unda Sefasdes“. ufro swori iqneba, am msjelobas ase Tu SevcvliT: TiToeulis umoqmedoba ara erTad aRebuli, aramed cal-calke aRebuli unda Sefasdes mkvlelobis amsruleblobad, radgan TiToeuli es umoqmedoba calke aRebuli savsebiT sakmarisi iyo am marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis amjerad dasadgomad. is faqti, rom mo-cemul SemTxvevaSi saxezea ori samarTlebrivi garantis umoqmedoba, arafers cvlis marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomis procesSi.

aseve arafers cvlis maTi winaswari SeTanxmebis faqti. winaswar SeTanxmebas mniSvneloba eqneboda maSin, Tu isini mkvlelobas moq-medebiT Caidendnen.

magaliTad, Svils TiToeulma maTganma sakvebSi Cauyara Sxamis sa-sikvdilo doza, ramac gamoiwvia sikvdili.

marTalia, aqac TiToeulis mier Cayrili sawamlavi savsebiT sak-marisi iyo bavSvis mosaklavad (alternatiuli mizezobrioba), magram saqme isaa, rom, gansxvavebiT umoqmedobisagan, Sxamis rac meti doza iqneba gamoyenebuli msxverplis winaaRmdeg, miT ufro swrafad da garantirebulad dgeba es Sedegi.47

amdenad, col-qmris qmedeba unda Sefasdes, rogorc paralelu-ri amsrulebloba mkvlelobisa da ara Tanaamsrulebloba. es ki imas niSnavs, rom TiToeuli maTganis qmedebis kvalifikacia unda moxdes,

47 alternatiul mizezobriobaze ix. m. turava. sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2013, gv. 100-102.

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rogorc mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi, kerZod, Cadenili wi-naswar SecnobiT arasrulwlovnisa (ssk 109-e m.), magram ara rogorc Cadenili jgufurad.

marTalia, aq savsebiT Tavisuflad SeiZleba msjeloba gansa-kuTrebuli sisastikiT Cadenil mkvlelobazec, magram es sakiTxis sxva mxarea.

es SemTxveva aseve ver CaiTvleba Tanaamsruleblobad, Tuki mas SevcvliT Semdegnairad: dedam mokvlis mizniT Svils Seuwyvita sakvebis micema.

meore dRes, roca bavSvi dasustda, mamam SeamCnia, rom deda Cvils ar kvebavs da miuxvda mas ganzraxuls. Tumca manac ar Seasrula misi samarTlebrivi valdebuleba da araferi iRona bavSvis gadasarCenad, radgan masac surda misi Tavidan moSoreba. col-qmarma gaagrZeles erTad cxovreba ise, rom arc erTi maTgani ar asrulebda dakisrebul movaleobas, Tumca isini amaze ar SeTanxmebulan.

ramdenime dReSi bavSvi SimSilisagan gardaicvala.es SemTxvevac ar SeiZleba Sefasdes Tanaamsruleblobad da da-

kvalificirdes, rogorc mkvleloba winaswar SeuTanxmebeli jgufis mier Cadenilad. aqac adgili aqvs arasrulwlovnis mkvlelobis para-lelur amsruleblobas.

obieqturi da subieqturi niSniT kvalificirebuli Semadgenlobis gamijvnis mniSvneloba Tanaamsruleblisa da Tanamonawilis qmedebis kvalifikaciisas.

obieqturi niSniT kvalificirebuli Semadgenlobebi saxezea ma-Sin, roca danaSaulis romelime obieqturi niSani romelime umarTlo-bis damamZimebeli garemoebaa. magaliTad,

− ssk 109-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „g“ qvepunqti. _ iseTi saSu-alebiT, rac ganzrax uqmnis safrTxes sxvaTa sicocxles an janmrT-elobas;

− amave muxlis me-2 nawilis „a“, „b“ da „e“ qvepunqtebi _ mkvl-eloba damnaSavisaTvis winaswar SecnobiT orsuli qalisa, arasrulw-lovnisa an umweo mdgomareobaSi myofisa;

− amave muxlis me-3 nawilis „a~ da „b“ qvepunqtebi, aseve nawilo-briv „g“ qvepunqtic _ mkvleloba ori an meti pirisa, gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT, mkvleloba SekveTiT.

roca saxezea danaSaulis obieqturi niSniT kvalificirebuli Semadgenloba, Tanaamsruleblis an Tanamonawileobis qmedebis kvali-fikaciisas unda gamoviyenoT ssk 25-e muxlis me-4 nawili.

Sesabamisi magaliTebi: petres colTan usiamovneba mouvida, ris gamoc colma igi datova

da Tavis dedasTan gadavida sacxovreblad. petrem sTxova Serigeba,

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magram amaod. petre varaudobda, rom colTan urTierTobas sidedri ufuWebda. man gadawyvita moekla rogorc sidedri (eWvianobis niadag-ze), ise coli (SurisZiebis motiviT).

man es azri gauziara Tavis megobar vasos da misgan mkvlelobis iaraRi iTxova, rac vasom misca. am iaraRis gamoyenebiT petrem mokla coli da sidedri.

saxezea mkvleloba ori an meti pirisa (ssk 109-e muxlis me-3 nawili „a“ qv.), romlis amsrulebelia petre.

vaso ki aris mkvlelobis Tanamonawile, kerZod, fizikuri damx-mare.

magram ismis kiTxva: romeli mkvlelobis Tanamonawilea vaso _ martivi mkvlelobisa (108-e muxli), Tu ori piris mkvlelobisa (109-e muxli)?

am kiTxvaze pasuxi rom gavceT, jer unda aRiniSnos, rom ori an meti piris mkvleloba damZimebulia obieqturi niSniT, radgan igi xe-lyofs ramdenime adamianis sicocxles. amdenad, aq es damamZimebeli garemoeba aris qmedebis niSani da ara personaluri niSani.

ssk 25-e muxlis me-4 nawilis mixedviT, „roca amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis mxares aris iseTi niSani, romelic axasiaTebs marTl-sawinaaRmdego qmedebas, maSin es niSani Seeracxeba sxva amsrulebels an Tanamonawiles, romlis mxares igi ar arsebobda, Tu mas es niSani Secnobili hqonda“.

marTalia, mocemul SemTxvevaSi petrem gadawyvita ori piris mokv-la erTani ganzraxviT da ara vasom, magram, vinaidan ori an meti piris mkvleloba aris obieqturad damZimebuli garemoeba, anu qmedebis ni-Sani, igi Tanamonawile vasosac Seeracxeba, radgan vasos es niSani Sec-nobili hqonda (man icoda, rom iaraRi petres ori piris mosaklavad gadasca).

amdenad, vasos qmedeba dakvalificirdeba, rogorc ori piris mkv-lelobaSi Tanamonawileoba _ 25-e, 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „a“ qve-punqtiT.

meore magaliTi: petrem gadawyvita, SurisZiebis motiviT gansa-kuTrebuli tanjviT moklas ivane.

am miznis gansaxorcieleblad, igi mivida Tavis megobar vasosTan, gauziara Canafiqri da sTxova, daemzadebina misTvis iseTi sawamlavi, rac didi wvalebiT amoxdida suls ivanes.

vasom daamzada aseTi wamali da misca petres, romelmac misi gam-oyenebiT mokla ivane.

saxezea mkvleloba, Cadenili gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT, radgan saxezea misi orive kriteriumi: obieqturi (ivane obieqturad daitan-ja sanam mokvdeboda) da subieqturic (petrem Segnebulad gamoiyena

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iseTi sawamlavi, rac didi xnis wvalebis Semdeg moklavda msxverpls). am mkvlelobis amsrulebelia petre.

vaso ki aris mkvlelobis Tanamonawile, kerZod, fizikuri damx-mare.

aqac ismis kiTxva: romeli mkvlelobis Tanamonawilea vaso, mar-tivi mkvlelobisa (108-e mux.), Tu damamZimebel garemoebaSi gansa-kuTrebuli sisastikiT Cadenili mkvlelobisa (109-e muxli)?

es mkvleloba damZimebulia obieqturi niSniT, radgan, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, gansakuTrebuli sisastike fasdeba ori kriteriumiT, saidanac erT-erTi aris obieqturi kriteriumi _ msxverpls obieqtu-rad gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT unda mouspon sicocxle. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, sikvdilis dadgomamde igi gansakuTrebulad unda dai-tanjos.

radganac saxezea obieqturi niSniT makvalificirebeli garemoeba, es imas niSnavs, rom gansakuTrebuli sisastike aris qmedebis niSani, amitom aqac unda gamoviyenoT ssk 25-e muxlis me-4 nawili.

Sesabamisad, vasos qmedeba dakvalificirdeba, rogorc Tanamonaw-ileoba gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT Cadenil mkvlelobaSi _ 25-e, 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „b“ qvepunqti.

marTalia, vasos Tavad ar hqonda msxverplis gansakuTrebulad datanjvis survili, magram mas Secnobili hqonda, rom petres exmare-boda swored gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT Cadenil mkvlelobaSi.

mesame magaliTi: petrem gadawyvita moekla misi coli eWvianobis niadagze. am mizniT man fuli gadauxada ivanes, raTa mas moekla pe-tres coli. ivanem mokla petres coli.

saxezea mkvleloba SekveTiT (ssk 109-e m-is me-3 naw. „g“ qv.), rom-lis amsrulebelia ivane. kerZod, ivanem aiRo ra fuli petresagan misi colis mokvlis sanacvlod, es imas niSnavs, rom man miiRo kriminal-uri SekveTa petresagan, rac Seasrula kidec mkvlelobis obieqturi Semadgenlobis uSualod ganxorcielebiT.

SekveTiT Cadenili mkvlelobisas saxezea sul mcire ori mxare _ erTi SemkveTi, romelic, rogorc wesi (Tu igi amave dros ar iyo Ta-naamsrulebeli), aris am mkvlelobis Tanamonawile, xolo meore mxare aris mkvlelobis amsrulebeli.

amasTanave, mkvleloba SekveTiT moicavs angarebis motivsac, radganac misi Cadena umetesac swored mkvlelis daqiravebas, anu an-garebas gulisxmobs. amitom daqiravebuli mkvlelis qmedeba unda Se-fasdes ara rogorc mkvleloba angarebiT, aramed rogorc Cadenili SekveTiT.48

48 ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mosazrebis Sesaxeb ix. m. turava. sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2013, gv. 340.

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rac Seexeba petres, igi aris mkvlelobis Tanamonawile, kerZod, wamqezebeli, magram romeli mkvlelobis Tanamonawilea igi? martivi mkvlelobisa Tu mkvlelobisa, rac Cadenilia SekveTiT (109-e mux.)?

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisaTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom SekveTa aris procesi, ra drosac erTi piri ukveTavs mkvlelobas meore pirs (rac gamoixateba materialuri gasamrjelos dapirebaSi an gadacemaSi, anda kriminaluri avtoritetis an xelmZRvaneli piris mier masze daqvem-debarebuli pirisaTvis davalebis micemaSi), xolo meore piri iRebs ra am kriminalur SekveTas, uSualod axorcielebs mkvlelobas. amde-nad, igi xdeba am mkvlelobis amsrulebeli.

radganac SekveTa procesia, amdenad, igi qmedebaa. es ki imas niS-navs, rom es damamZimebeli garemoeba aris qmedebis niSani da ara raime personaluri niSani. Sesabamisad, petres (anu SekveTis mimce-mis) qmedebis kvalifikaciisas unda vixelmZRvaneloT ssk 25-e muxlis me-4 nawiliT. radganac petres Secnobili hqonda qmedebis es niSani (kerZod, is, rom man ivanes SeukveTa mkvleloba da ivane mkvlelobas sCadioda SekveTiT), igi aris wamqezebeli SekveTiT Cadenili mkvl-elobisa (25-e, 109-e m-is me-3 nawilis „g“ qvepunqti).

subieqturi niSniT kvalificirebuli Semadgenlobebi:Tavdapirvelad unda iTqvas, rom subieqturi niSniT kvalificire-

bulia iseTi Semadgenloba, sadac motivi an mizani aris damamZimebeli an Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba; aseve maSin, roca pirovnebisaTvis dam-axasiaTebeli raime niSani (magaliTad, nasamarTloba) aris danaSaulis makvalificirebeli garemoeba. magaliTad:

ssk 109-e muxlis pirveli nawili „d“ qvepunqti _ sxva danaSaulis dafarvis an misi Cadenis gaadvilebis mizniT (mizniT kvalificire-buli deliqti);

− amave muxlis me-2 nawilis „g“ qvepunqti _ mkvleloba xulignuri qvenagrZnobiT (motiviT kvalificirebuli deliqti);

− amave muxlis me-3 nawilis „d“ da „e“ qvepunqtebi, aseve nawilo-briv „g“ qvepunqtic. kerZod, mkvleloba angarebiT, msxverplis orga-nos gadanergvis an sxvagvarad gamoyenebis mizniT (mizniT kvalifici-rebuli deliqtebi);

− mkvleloba araerTgzis _ ssk 109-e muxli (amsruleblis pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSani _ nasamarTloba aris makvali-ficirebeli garemoeba);

zemoT CamoTvlil SemTxvevebSi motivi an mizani aris damamZime-beli garemoeba.

mizani zogjer qmnis danaSaulis privilegiur Semadgenlobas (mkv-lelobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba) ssk 110-e muxlSi. kerZod, mkvl-eloba msxverplis TxovniT momakvdavis Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisa-

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gan gaTavisuflebis mizniT.unda iTqvas, rom saerTod, motivi da mizani aris danaSaulis

subieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani. am SemTxvevaSi igi qmedebis niSania, rac imas niSnavs, rom am motivis an miznis gareSe ar arsebobs es da-naSaulebrivi qmedeba, anu ar arsebobs am danaSaulis ZiriTadi Semad-genloba (mizniT an motiviT dafuZnebuli umarTloba).

magaliTad, marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizani qurdobisas (ssk 177-e mux.) anda angareba an sxva qvenagrZnoba bavSvis Secvlisas (ssk 174-e mux.). aseve angareba an sxva piradi motivi samsaxurebrivi siyalbisas (ssk 341-e mux.). esenia mizniT an motiviT dafuZnebuli umarTlobebi.

amdenad, qmedebis qurdobis TanamonawileobiT kvalifikaciisas araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, Tanamonawiles (organizators, wamqezebels an damxmares) hqonda Tu ara sxvisi nivTis marTlsawi-naaRmdego misakuTrebis mizani. mTavaria, man icodes, rom igi aris qurdobis Tanamonawile, anu icodes, rom aris Tanamonawile sxvisi nivTis farul dauflebaSi misi marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT.

magaliTad, petrem gadawyvita, farulad daeuflos xis Ziras mZi-nare mTvrali pavles CanTas, sadac sxvadasxva nivTi eguleba. man es azri gauziara vasos da sTxova, roca roca am CanTas aiRebda, vasos Tavisi a/manqaniT swrafad waeyvana igi SemTxvevis adgilidan, Tumca mas am samsaxuris sanacvlod arafers dahpirebia. vaso daTanxmda.

petre marTlac daeufla pavles xelCanTas, xolo vasom igi swrafad waiyvana SemTxvevis adgilidan ise, rom petres misTvis naqurdali nivTebidan araferi miucia da vaso arc elodeboda rame gamorCenas.

vinaidan qurdobaSi sxvisi nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdego misa-kuTrebis mizani aris am danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis ni-Sani (anu igi qmedebis niSania), igi Seeracxeba qurdobis Tanamonawile vasosac, romelsac es mizani ar amoZravebda, magram, radgan mas es niSani gacnobierebuli hqonda.

kerZod, vasom icoda, rom petre farulad eufleboda sxvis nivTs misi marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT (ssk 25-e m-is me-4 naw.).

sul sxva viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca motivi an mizani aris makvalificirebeli (e.i. damamZimebeli an Semamsubuqebeli) garemoe-ba. am SemTxvevaSi igi bralis niSania da ara danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani.

amdenad, arsebobs mizniTa da motiviT dafuZnebuli deliqte-bi (ssk 177-e, 174-e, 341-e da sxv.), sadac mizani an motivi afuZnebs umarTlobas. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, am miznisa an motivis gareSe

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ar arsebobs es konkretuli umarTloba. am SemTxvevaSi es mizani an motivi aris qmedebis niSani.

mizniT dafuZnebul deliqtSi am miznis gareSe rom ar arsebobs es konkretuli umarTloba, am sakiTxis naTlad warmoCenisaTvis mov-iyvanoT aseTi magaliTi: petrem gadawyvita, droebiTi sargeblobis mizniT (da ara marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT) daeuflos vasos mobilur telefons, radgan midis paemanze (an saqmian Sexve-draze) da telefoni ki ara aqvs.

man Cumad amoacala vasos telefoni da wavida paemanze. ramdenime saaTis Semdeg ki iqidan dabrunebulma, aseve Cumad Caudo igi vasos jibeSi.

roca petre daeufla vasos telefons, mas, marTalia, hqonda sxvisi nivTis Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr gankargvis obieqturi SesaZlebloba, magram subieqturad ar amoZravebda am nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdego mi-sakuTrebis mizani (swored amitomac daabruna igi ukan). xolo sxvisi moZravi nivTis farulad daufleba araa sakmarisi qmedebis qurdobiT kvalifikaciisaTvis. amisaTvis aseve aucilebelia, pirs amoZravebdes misi marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizani. am miznis gareSe qur-dobis umarTloba ar arsebobs. amdenad, es mizani qurdobaSi aris qmedebis niSani da ara personaluri niSani.

petres mocemul SemTxvevaSi amoZravebda sxvisi nivTis droebiTi sargeblobis mizani.

amdenad, am SemTxvevaSi ara gvaqvs ara marto qurdobis Semadgen-loba, aramed saerTod ara gvaqvs sxva danaSaulis Semadgenloba, rac gamoiwvevda sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas.

aseve, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, arsebobs mizniTa an motiviT kvali-ficirebuli deliqtebi (ssk 109-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „d“ qvepun-qti, ssk 110-e muxli da sxv.), sadac mizani an motivi ki ar afuZnebs umarTlobas, aramed igi aris makvalificirebeli (e.i. damamZimebeli an Semamsubuqebeli) garemoeba.

am SemTxvevaSi es mizani an motivi aris ara qmedebis, aramed bra-lis niSani, radgan igi am umarTlobis mometebulad an SezRudulad Seracxvis safuZvelia.

subieqtur niSans warmoadgens aseve amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli raime niSani (magaliTad, misi na-samarTloba).

roca saxezea danaSaulis subieqturi niSniT kvalificirebuli Semadgenloba, Tanaamsruleblis an Tanamonawileobis qmedebis kvali-fikaciisas unda gamoviyenoT ssk 25-e muxlis me-5 nawili.

Sesabamisi magaliTebi:pirveli magaliTi: petrem Seityo, rom mis mier Cadenili sqeso-

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brivi danaSaulis msxverpli apirebs mis mxilebas da am mizniT proku-raturaSi gancxadebis Setanas. petrem gadawyvita, moekla msxverpli, raTa amiT aecilebina sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. es azri man gauziara megobar vasos da sTxova am saqmeSi daxmareba. kerZod, eTxovebina misTvis a/manqana, romlis gamoyenebiT igi moklavda msx-verpls.

vasom xaTri ver gautexa petres da aTxova manqana, Tanac daariga, Tu rogor unda moqceuliyo.

petre Causafrda msxverpls soflis miyruebul adgilas. roca igi gamoCnda, man didi siCqariT daZra manqana da viTomc SemTxveviT Seejaxa mas. msxverpli adgilzeve gardaicvala.

Cadenilia ara satransporto danaSauli (ssk 276-e m-is me-5 naw.), aramed mkvleloba danaSaulis dafarvis mizniT, romlis amsrulebeli aris petre.

vaso ki aris mkvlelobis Tanamonawile, kerZod, damxmare (fizi-kuri da inteleqtualuri).

ismis kiTxva: romeli mkvlelobis Tanamonawilea vaso _ damamZimeb-el garemoebaSi Cadenili mkvlelobisa (ssk 109-e muxli) Tu martivi mkvlelobisa (ssk 108-e muxli)?

am kiTxvas pasuxi rom gavceT, unda aRiniSnos, rom mkvleloba da-naSaulis dafarvis mizniT damZimebulia ara obieqturi, aramed subi-eqturi niSniT. amasTanave, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, marTalia, saerTod, motivi da mizani aris danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani, magram zog SemTxvevaSi, igi SeiZleba iyos bralis niSani. es is SemTx-vevaa, roca motivi an mizani aris makvalificirebeli (e.i. damamZimebe-li an Semamsubuqebeli) garemoeba. am dros igi aris Cadenili umarT-lobis mometebulad, an piriqiT, SezRudulad Seracxvis safuZveli.49

swored aseT SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme mizniT kvalificire-bul iseT mkvlelobaSi, rogoricaa mkvleloba danaSaulis dafarvis mizniT. es mizani aq gaxlavT bralis niSani da ara danaSaulis subieq-turi Semadgenlobis niSani.

aqedan gamomdinare, vasos qmedebis kvalifikaciisas unda gamoviy-enoT ssk 25-e muxlis me-5 nawili, romlis mixedviTac: „personaluri niSani, romelic bralisaTvis anda erT-erTi amsruleblis an Tana-monawilis pirovnebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, Seeracxeba im ams-rulebels an Tanamonawiles, romelsac igi axasiaTebs“.

amdenad, ssk 25-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mixedviT personaluri niSani aris ori saxis: a) bralis niSani da b) amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSani (magaliTad, piris nasamarT-

49 Sead. o. gamyreliZe. sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, Tb., 2013, gv. 184; m. tura-va. sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb., 2013, gv. 127; n. Todua. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, Tb., 2014, gv. 79-81; 108-109.

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loba).rogorc vxedavT, ssk 25-e muxlis me-5 nawilis arsis Sesabamisad,

nebismieri personaluri niSani Seerecxeba mxolod im amsrulebels an Tanamonawiles, romelsac igi axasiaTebs (mocemul SemTxvevaSi im pirs Seeracxeba, romelic am motiviT an mizniT moqmedebs) da igi ar gadava sxva amsrulebelze an Tanamonawileze, Tundac mas es niSani gacnobierebuli hqondes.

zemoT xsenebul magaliTSi, petres mier Cadenil mkvlelobaSi sax-ezea personaluri niSani (danaSaulis mizani), rac damaxasiaTebelia bralisaTvis. kerZod, danaSaulis dafarvis mizniT moqmedebda petre da ara vaso. marTalia, vasos gacnobierebuli hqonda petres mizani, magram, vinaidan es mizani aq aris ara danaSaulis subieqturi Semad-genlobis niSani, aramed bralis niSani, rac personaluria, igi ver gadava vasoze. amitom vaso aris Tanamonawile ara damamZimebel gare-moebaSi Cadenili mkvlelobisa (ssk 25, 109-e mux.), aramed igi aris mar-tivi mkvlelobis Tanamonawile, kerZod, damxmare (ssk 25-e, 108-e mux.).

meore magaliTi: petres emarTa pavles vali, romlis gadaxda ar surda. am mizniT man gadawyvita kreditor pavles Tavidan moSoreba. es azri man gauziara vasos da sTxova erCia, Tu rogor moekla igi ise, rom danaSaulis kvali da raime samxili SemTxvevis adgilze ar darCeniliyo.

vasom mas Sesabamisi darigeba misca, risi gaTvaliswinebiTac pe-trem Caidina pavles mkvleloba, raTa Tavi daeRwia valis gadaxdisaT-vis.

petres mier Cadenilia mkvleloba angarebiT (ssk 109-e muxli me-3 nawili „g“ qvepunqti).

vaso ki aris mkvlelobis Tanamonawile. kerZod, inteleqtualuri damxmare. sakiTxavia, romeli mkvlelobis Tanamonawilea igi _ dama-mZimebel garemoebaSi Cadenili angarebiTi mkvlelobisa Tu martivi mkvlelobisa?

rogorc zemoT ukve aRiniSna, marTalia, motivi saerTod aris da-naSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani, magram zogjer igi aris bralis niSani (Tuki es motivi aris damamZimebeli an Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba).

mocemul SemTxvevaSi angarebis motivi aris mkvlelobis umarT-lobis damamZimebeli garemoeba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, angareba aris am umarTlobis mometebulad Seracxvis safuZveli.

radganac es motivi bralis niSania, igi personaluri niSania, da ar gadadis sxva pirze (magaliTad, Tanamonawileze). amitom Tana-monawilis qmedebis kvalifikaciisas unda gamoviyenoT ssk 25-e muxlis me-5 nawili, razec zemoT, pirvel magaliTSi ukve gvqonda saubari.

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Sesabamisad, vinaidan angarebis motiviT moqmedebda petre da ara vaso, vasos ar Seeracxeba es damamZimebeli garemoeba imis miuxedavad, rom mas igi Secnobili hqonda (man icoda, rom petres exmareboda an-garebiT mkvlelobaSi). misi qmedeba dakvalificirdeba, rogorc mar-tiv mkvlelobaSi Tanamonawileoba (25-e, 108-e mux.).

mesame magaliTi (roca mizani gvaZlevs umarTlobis privilegiur Semadgenlobas): petrem ver gauZlo ukurnebeli seniT Sepyrobil, misi axlo naTesavis _ ivanes daJinebul Txovnas da gadawyvita, mo-makvdavis Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisagan gaTavisuflebis mizniT mis mimarT ganaxorcielos evTanazia.

evTanaziis ganxorcielebisaTvis petrem Zliermoqmedi dasaZine-beli wamali sTxova mis mezobel vasos, romelsac xeli miuwvdeboda aseT preparatebze, Tanac auxsna saqmis arsi.

vasos emarTa momakvdav ivanes vali, romlis gadaxdis droc ax-lovdeboda. aqedan gamomdinare, vasom gadawyvita, gamoeyenebina es momenti Tavis sasargeblod da am gziT Tavi gaeTavisuflebina va-lis gadaxdisagan, radgan, misi azriT, Tu ivane mokvdeboda, mas valis gadaxda ar mouwevda.

marTlac vasom ivanes valis gadaxdisagan Tavis gaTavisuflebis mizniT misca petres Zliemoqmedi saZile saSualeba, risi gamoyenebiT-ac petrem ivanes mouspo sicocxle.

ismis kiTxva: ssk 110-e muxlSi momakvdavis Zlieri fizikuri tki-vilisagan gaTavisuflebis mizani aris subieqturi Semadgenlobis ni-Sani, Tu igi bralis niSania?

ganvixiloT pirveli varianti. davuSvaT, rom es mizani aris ssk 110-e muxlis subieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani. rogor dakvali-ficirdeba am dros pirTa qmedeba?

Cven mier gansaxilvel magaliTSi sadavo araa petres qmedebis kvalifikacia ssk 110-e muxliT, vinaidan igi akmayofilebs am mux-liT gaTvaliswinebul yvela moTxovnas (saxezea momakvdavi, misi da-Jinebuli Txovna mokvdinebaze, aseve misi namdvili neba, misi Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisagan gaTavisuflebis mizani da mokvdinebisaTvis gamoyenebuli umtkivneulo xerxi _ saZile saSualeba).

sadavoa mezobel vasos qmedebis kvalifikacia. kerZod, ismis kiTx-va: rogor unda dakvalificirdes vasos qmedeba, romelmac mxolod wamali misca petres evTanaziis ganxorcielebisaTvis?

Tu davuSvebT, rom es mizani aq aris subieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani, maSin gamova, rom igi qmedebis niSani yofila da maSin Tana-monawilis qmedebis kvalifikaciisas unda gamoviyenoT ssk 25-e muxlis me-4 nawili, sadac weria: „roca amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis mxares aris iseTi niSani, romelic axasiaTebs marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas,

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maSin es niSani Seeracxeba sxva amsrulebels an Tanamonawiles, rom-lis mxares igi ar arsebobda, Tu mas es niSani Secnobili hqonda“.

gamodis, rom, radganac vasos Secnobili hqonda, rom petres surda evTanaziis ganxorcieleba, imis miuxedavad, rom mas Tavad es mizani ar axasiaTebda, mainc unda Seeracxos Tanamonawileoba evTana-ziiT ganxorcielebul mkvlelobaSi _ ssk 25-e, 110-e muxli.

sakiTxis aseTi gadawyveta ar iqneba samarTliani, radganac vasos amoZravebda piradi egoisturi motivi, rogoricaa angareba da ara msxverplis sibralulis motivi. Sesabamisad, ar viqnebiT samarTliani, Tu maszec gavavrcelebT im SeRavaTebs, rac dadgenilia ssk 110-e mux-liT Cadenili mkvlelobis umarTlobisaTvis.

kanonmdebelma aseTi SeRavaTi daadgina mxolod im pirTaTvis, vinc msxverplis sibralulis motiviT moqmedebs. Sesabamisad, kanon-mdeblis mier dadgenili es moTxovda unda gavrceldes ara marto amsrulebelze, aramed Tanamonawilezec.

aqedan gamomdinare, unda davaskvnaT, rom mizani ssk 110-e muxlSi araa danaSaulis subieqturi Semadgenlobis niSani.

ganvixiloT meore varianti: ssk 110-e muxlSi momakvdavis Zlieri fizikuri tkivilisagan gaTavisuflebis mizani aris bralis niSani, radganac igi aris mkvlelobis umarTlobis SezRudulad Seracxvis safuZveli.

am dros mezobel vasos qmedebis kvalifikaciisas gamoiyeneba ssk 25-e muxlis me-5 nawili, romlis mixedviTac: „personaluri niSani, romelic bralisaTvis anda erT-erTi amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis pirovnebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, Seeracxeba im amsrulebels an Tanamonawiles, romelsac igi axasiaTebs“.

am magaliTSi bralisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSani aris special-uri mizani _ momakvdavis gaTavisufleba Zlieri fizikuri tkivil-isagan, rac axasiaTebs mxolod petres da ara vasos. mas sul sxva piradi da egoisturi mizani axasiaTebs (Tavi gaiTavisuflos valis gadaxdisagan). amitom, marTalia, vasos Secnobili aqvs petres mizani, magram igi masze ar gadava, radgan Tavad mas es mizani ar axasiaTebda.

Sesabamisad, vasos qmedebis kvalifikaciisas ver gamoviyenebT ssk 110-e muxls. mas Seeracxeba Tanamonawileoba mkvlelobis ara am privilegiur SemadgenlobaSi, aramed ganzrax mkvlelobaSi (25-e, 108-e muxli).

esaa sakiTxis samarTliani gadawyveta.ismis kiTxva: ratom unda dakvalificirdes vasos qmedeba 25-e,

108-e da ara 25-e, 109-e muxliT (Tanamonawileoba angarebiT mkvlelo-baSi)? vaso xom angarebiTi motiviT moqmedebda?

saqme isaa, rom ssk kerZo nawilis Sesabamisi muxlebi iqmneba ara

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Tanamonawileze, aramed amsrulebelze. Tanamonawileoba ki, rogorc cnobilia, aris aqcesoruli xasiaTis. amitom angarebiT mkvlelobaSi Tanamonawileoba saxeze SeiZleba iyos maSin, Tu Tavad amsrulebeli moqmedebda angarebiT da masTan erTad Tanamonawilesac igive motivi amoZravebda. mocemul SemTxvevaSi ki angarebiT moqmedebda ara mkvl-elobis amsrulebeli, aramed Tanamonawile (vaso).

sabolood SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, roca motivi an mizani qmnis dana-Saulis Semamsubuqebel garemoebas (e.i. privilegiur Semadgenlobas), maSin igi aris bralis niSani da ara danaSaulis subieqturi Semad-genlobis niSani. amdenad, es motivi da mizani am dros personaluri niSania da ara qmedebis niSani. e.i. igi ar afuZnebs umarTlobas, ker-Zod, mkvlelobis umarTlobas, aramed am umarTlobis SezRudulad Seracxvis safuZvelia.

meoTxe magaliTi: petre nasamarTlevi iyo martiv mkvlelobaSi. na-samarTloba ar hqonda moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli. es ambavi icoda vasom, romelmac igi waaqeza Tavisi mtris _ ivanes mkvlelobaSi. misi waqezebiT petrem marTlac mokla ivane.

petres qmedeba dakvalificirdeba ssk 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „e“ qvepunqtiiT, rogorc Cadenili araerTgzis, radgan mkvlelobaSi nasamarTlevi piri kvlav sCadis mkvlelobas.

ismis kiTxva: rogor dakvalificirdeba am mkvlelobis wamqezeb-lis _ vasos qmedeba?

ssk 25-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mixedviT, erT-erTi amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli personaluri niSani (am SemTxvevaSi nasamarTloba) Seeracxeba imas, romelsac igi axasi-aTebs.

amdenad, miuxedavad imisa, rom vasom icoda petres mkvlelobaSi nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb, es faqti (nasamarTloba) masze mainc ar gada-va, radgan igi personaluri niSania. vasos qmedeba dakvalificirdeba, rogorc Tanamonawiloba martiv mkvlelobaSi (ssk 25-e, 108-e muxli).

sabolood unda iTqvas, rom danaSaulis ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi (magaliTad, ssk 177-e m-is pirv. naw-Si) aRwerili yvela niSani, kerZod, obieqturia igi Tu subieqturi, aris am danaSaulis qmedebis niSani da ara bralis niSani. amdenad, Tuki Tanamonawiles Secnobili aqvs es niSani, igi mas Seeracxeba da araa savaldebulo, masac axasiaTebdes igi. kerZod, araa savaldebulo isic swored am mizniT an motiviT moqmedebdes. magaliTad, isic isakuTrebdes qurdobis Sedegad miRe-buli nivTis nawils.

amisagan gansxvavebiT, roca danaSaulis obieqturi an subieqturi niSani makvalificirebeli garemoebaa (e.i. damamZimebeli an Semamsub-uqebeli garemoeba), maSin sakiTxi wydeba diferencirebulad. kerZod:

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a) Tu saxezea obieqturi niSniT kvalificirebuli Semadgenlo-ba, maSin es makvalificirebeli garemoeba aris qmedebis niSani da igi Seeracxeba sxva amsrulebelsa da Tanamonawiles im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mas es niSani Secnobili hqonda.

b) Tu saxezea subieqturi niSniT kvalificirebuli Semadgenloba, igi ukve personaluri niSania da ara qmedebis niSani. es personal-uri niSani exeba brals an erT-erTi amsruleblis an Tanamonawilis pirovnebas. amdenad, igi Seeracxeba mxolod imas, visac axasiaTebs da ar Seeracxeba sxva amsrulebels an Tanamonawiles, Tundac mas es niSani gacnobierebuli hqondes (magaliTad, icodes, rom mkvleloba danaSaulis dafarvis mizniTaa Cadenili).

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V. TaRliTobis gamijvna xelSekrulebiT nakisrivaldebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis

samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobisagan

es sakiTxi mwvaved dgas sasamarTlo praqtikaSi, radganac arc- Tu iSviaTad TaRliTobisas motyuebis xerxad gamoyenebulia pirTan sxvadasxva garigebis dadeba, riTac TaRliTobis Camdeni kisrulebs garkveuli valdebulebis Sesrulebas da am gziT eufleba mis qonebas.

rogor gavmijnoT msgavs SemTxvevaSi TaRliToba da samoqalaqo samarTaldarRveva? sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis rodis dgeba rogorc sisxlis-samarTlebrivi (ssk 180-e m-iT), ise samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba, xolo rodisaa saxeze mxolod samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba?

qmedebis TaRliTobad kvalifikaciisaTvis aucilebelia, mo-tyuebis xerxi win uZRodes sxvisi nivTis an qonebrivi uflebis dauflebas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, motyueba gamoyenebuli unda iyos manam, sanam piri daeufleba sxvis nivTs an qonebriv uflebas. Tuki mo-tyueba gamoyenebulia sxvisi nivTis dauflebis Semdeg, rogorc misi SenarCunebis saSualeba, TaRliToba gamoricxulia. aseTi qmedeba, rogorc wesi, iwvevs samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobas, an iwvevs sisxlis-samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ssk sxva muxliT (magaliTad, 182-e muxliT _ miTviseba).

magram sakiTxavia, rogor SevityoT, win uZRoda Tu ara motyueba sxvisi nivTis dauflebas?

amisaTvis guldasmiT unda iqnes Seswavlili saqmis yvela gare-moeba. kerZod, Tu saqmis masalebiT ver mtkicdeba, rom garigebis dadebisas pirs gadawyvetili hqonda motyuebis gziT sxvisi nivTis misakuTreba, amdenad, ver sabuTdeba, rom garigeba am miznis SeniR-bvisaTvis iyo dadebuli, maSin ivaraudeba, rom mas surda garigebiT nakisri valdebulebis Sesruleba. Tumca SemdegSi es valdebuleba man sxvadasxva garemoebis gamo ver Seasrula. xolo sxvisgan miRebul qonebas materialuri gasaWiris gamo ver ubrunebs mesakuTres.

magram aseve sakiTxavia, rogor unda damtkicdes, rom pirs ar surda garigebiT nakisri valdebulebis Sesruleba da misi survili iyo mxolod sxvisi nivTis an qonebrivi uflebis misakuTreba?

amisaTvis gamokvleul unda iqnes: a) ramdenad realuri iyo Sesasruleblad is garigeba, rac man

dado sxva pirTan, visganac miiRo qoneba? b) ramdenad Seecada igi am valdebulebis realurad ganxorciele-

bas da raSi gamoixata es mcdeloba? g) ramdenad realuri iyo is, rom igi garigebiT nakisri valdeb-

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ulebis Seusruleblobisas (magaliTad, Tu ver SeZlebda Sepirebuli biznesis wamowyebas an warmarTvas) igi apirebda, aenazRaurebina miy-enebuli ziani dazaralebulisagan aRebuli Tanxis ukan dabrunebiT an am Tanxis Sesabamisi Rirebulebis sxva nivTis gadacemiT?50

moviyvanoT Sesabamisi magaliTebi.Tavdapirvelad ganvixiloT sxvisi saxeliT bankidan Tanxis gamota-

nis SemTxvevebi.magaliTi pirveli: 2012 wlis ianvarSi elzam misi megobris lalis

TxovniT Tavisi saxeliT „elit eleqtroniqsidan“ ganvadebiT gamoita-na „samsungis“ firmis 1700 larad Rirebuli sarecxi manqana da gadas-ca lalis. manve (elzam) Tavisi saxeliT aiRo krediti „saqarTvelos bankSi“ da elzasa da saqarTvelos banks“ Soris daido xelSekruleba, riTac mas grafikis mixedviT unda gadaexada es fuli yovelTviurad, sanam mTlianad ar dafaravda vals.

elzam es gaakeTa imitom, rom misi megobari lali dahpirda mas yovelTviurad sarecxi manqanis safasuris gadaxdas Sedgenili grafi-kis mixedviT. elzam es dapireba irwmuna.

sinamdvileSi lalim ar Seasrula danapirevi da ar gadaixada arc erTi Tvis gadasaxadi. amis gamo banksa da elzas Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare, garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg el-zas bankis sasargeblod daericxa davalianeba jarimasTan erTad 18150 laris odenobiT.

aris Tu ara lalis qmedebaSi TaRliTobis niSnebi? pasuxi aq unda iyos Semdegi: TaRliTobiT kvalifikacia gamoiricxe-

ba, Tu saqmis masalebiT dadgindeba, rom sarecxi manqanis miRebisas lalis materialuri mdgomareoba SesaZleblobas aZlevda mas, gadae-xada is Tanxa, rac dawerili iyo bankis grafikiT. Tumca SemdegSi misi es materialuri mdgomareoba moulodnelad mkveTrad Seicvala da valis gadaxdis droisaTvis igi materialur siduxWires ganicdida, ris gamoc ver SeZlo valis gadaxda.

sul sxvagvarad unda gadawydes sakiTxi, Tu damtkicdeba, rom lalis materialuri mdgomareoba imTaviTve iseTive iyo, rogorc va-lis gadaxdis drois dadgomis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi saxezea TaR-liToba.

amdenad, gadamwyveti araa is, Tu ras ityvis lali Tavis CvenebaSi, mTavaria saqmis realuri viTareba.

aseT viTarebaSi yuradReba im faqtzec unda iqnes gamaxvilebuli, Tu Tavad lalim ratom ar gaaforma xelSekruleba „elit eleqtron-iqsTan“ an bankTan da ratom sTxova amis gakeTeba mis megobar elzas?

50 Sead. m. lekveiSvili. sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, wigni pirv. Tb., 2014, gv. 427-430.

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Tuki dadgindeba, rom mas bankTan ar SeeZlo xelSekrulebis ga-formeba, radganac igi ukve mxilebuli iyo masTan arakeTilsindisier damokidebulebaSi, es kidev erTi dasturia imisa (sxva mtkicebule-bebTan erTad), rom saxezea TaRliToba.

magaliTi SevcvaloT aseTnairad: lalim daiwyo valis gadaxda da ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi aZlevda elzas bankis vals, magram Sem-degSi bolomde ar gadaixada igi.

aseT SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom lalis elza-sTan garigebis dadebisTanave gadawyvetili hqonda misi motyueba. anu SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom tyuili win uZRoda sarecxi manqanis dauflebas. amdenad, aseT SemTxvevaSi saxezea samoqalaqo samarTaldarRveva.

meore magaliTi: lalim miiRo ra elzasgan es nivTi, ise gayida igi sxva pirze, rom Tavad arc gamouyenebia. aRebuli Tanxa ki piradi saWiroebisaTvis daxarja. roca movida baknis fulis gadaxdis dro, man ufuloba moimizeza da Tanxas ar aZlevda elzas.

is faqti, rom lalim es nivTi maSinve gayida sxva pirze, xolo aRe-buli Tanxa ar gadasca elzas, aramed Tavad daxarja, imis dasturia, rom lalis elzas motyueba imTaviTve hqonda gadawyvetili. amdenad, aseTi SemTxveva, rogorc wesi, TaRliTobad unda dakvalificirdes.

TaRliTobis Sefaseba mas ver miecema mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu damtkicdeba, rom am nivTis gayidvis mizezi iyo lalis Tavze damty-dari moulodneli materialuri gasaWiri, ris gamoc mas Tanxa dauyo-nebliv dasWirda. magaliTad, misi ojaxis wevri mohyva a/avariaSi, ris gamoc saswrafod saoperacio gaxda da Sesabamisi Tanxa man sarecxi manqanis gayidvis daxmarebiT Seagrova.

fulis sesxad aRebis SemTxvevebi:magaliTi pirveli: petrem erTi wlis vadiT isesxa vasosagan

10 000 aSS dolari im motiviT, rom yidulobda axal binas da Tanxa ak-ldeboda. daTqmuli drois dadgomis Semdeg man ramdenjerme iTxova valis gadavadeba, xolo bolos kontaqti gawyvita vasosTan da emale-boda mas. kerZod, gamoicvala telefonis nomeri da sacxovreblad sxvagan gadavida.

dadginda, rom petres arc hqonia gadawyvetili binis yidva da arc SeuZenia igi. Turme man am fuliT bankis vali gaistumra, radgan ipoTekiT datvirTuli hqonda bina da Tu vals ar gadaixdida, binas dakargavda.

aseve damtkicda, rom mas da mis ojaxs ar hqonda araviTari Se-mosavali, rac mas miscemda imis varaudis saSualebas, rom erT weli-wadSi (an Tundac ramdenime weliwadSi) gadaixdida am vals. mas aseTi saSualeba rom hqonoda, sakuTari TanxiT gadaixdida bankis vals da binis dakargvis safrTxec ar Seeqmneboda.

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am SemTxvevaSi saxezea TaRliToba, radgan petrem fulis miRebi-saTvis gamoiyena tyuili (damala bankis valis faqti da moigona binis SeZena. aseve damala, rom mis ojaxs ara aqvs Semosavali), riTac Sec-domaSi Seiyvana vaso. mas vasosaTvis saqmis namdvili arsi rom gae-mxila, vaso mas fuls ar asesxebda.

meore magaliTi: petrem vasosagan erTi wlis vadiT isesxa 10000 aSS dolari, magram es Tanxa ar daubruna, rasac materialuri gas-aWiriT xsnida.

am SemTxvevaSi unda gairkves, Tu ra aucilebeli saWiroebisaTvis isesxa man es Tanxa da sesxebis dros ra faqtebze dayrdnobiT fiqrob-da, rom SeZlebda mis ukan dabrunebas daTqmul vadaSi.

Tuki dadginda, rom nasesxebi Tanxa man daxarja qeifSi, mogzau-robasa da sxvagvar dro tarebaSi, anda ver gairkva, Tu raSi dax-arja. amave dros, misi materialuri mdgomareoba ar aZlevda mas am Tanxis gastumrebis varaudis saSualebas, maSin qmedeba TaRliTobad unda dakvalificirdes. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saxezea samoqalaqo samarTaldarRveva.

mesame magaliTi: erT-erTi universitetis kursdamTavrebulTa banketze yofilma kurselebma erTmaneTTan saubrisas Seityves, rom maT kursel petres TiToeuli maTganisagan, Tanac araerTxel hqonda nasesxebi sxvadasxva raodenobis Tanxa misi droulad dabrunebis pi-robiT. Tumca fuli aravisTvis arasodes daubrunebia. gairkva, rom petre bolo dros arsad muSaobda, xolo misi Svili totalizatorebis xSiri „stumari“ gaxldaT, ris gamoc mamisagan ganuwyvetliv iTxovda Tanxas. amdenad, petre klaselebisagan aRebuli Tanxis didi nawiliT ixdida misi Svili vals totalizatorSi, xolo nawiliT ojaxs ar-Cenda.

saxezea klasikuri TaRliToba, radganac motyueba win uZRvis sx-visi fulis dauflebas. motyueba gamoixateba SemdegSi: petrem icis, vinaidan ar muSaobs da Semosavali ara aqvs, valsac ver gadaixdis, mas arca aqvs misi gadaxdis ganzraxva. mas mxolod fulis xelSi Cagdeba surs, raTa gadaixados Svilis valebi totalizatorSi, aseve darCe-nili fuliT ojaxi arCinos. motyueba imaSic Cans, rom igi TiToeuli kurselisagan valis saxiT motyuebiT iRebs fuls araerTgzis maSin, roca Tavdapirvelad aRebuli vali ara aqvs gadaxdili.

biznesis saWiroebisaTvis valis aRebis SemTxvevebi:magaliTi pirveli: petre mivida Tavis amxanag vasosTan da sTxova,

mieca misTvis 20 000 aSS dolari sesxad, radgan igi apirebda biznesis gafarToebas. kerZod, iyo ra kafis mesakuTre, axla apirebda restor-nis yidvas da Tanxa akldeboda. igi dahpirda petres, rom am fuls daubrunebda erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tanac yovelTve miscemda am Tanxis 10 procents mogebis saxiT, amave dros, daasaqmebda restoran-

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Si da saTanado xelfassac gadauxdida. vinaidan vasos ar hqonda aRniSnuli Tanxa, petres rCeviT man bank-

Si ipoTekiT datvirTa misi bina da aiRo 20 000 aSS dolari, rac ga-dasca petres.

daTqmuli dro gavida, magram petres misTvis arc danapirevi 10 procentis gadaxda dauwyia, arc nasesxebi fuli daubrunebia da arc sadme dausaqmebia. bolos petre daemala vasos da Tavs aridebda mas-Tan Sexvedras.

dadginda, rom petres ar uyidia restorani. ufro metic, arc ki hqonia misi yidvis mcdeloba. amave dros ver daasabuTa, Tu raSi dax-arja aRebuli 20 000 aSS dolari. aseve zustad isic ver dadginda, hqonda Tu ara mas odesme kafe sakuTrebaSi, radgan dReis mdgomareo-biT mas igi ar aRmoaCnda. anda Tu hqonda, ratom dakarga igi. petre amaze arafers ambobda da arc saTanado dokuments gvaZlevda.

es SemTxveva TaRliTobad unda dakvalificirdes, radgan irkveva, rom petrem tyuili dapireba misca vasos restornis yidvis, masSi dasaqmebis, valis erT weliwadSi gadaxdisa da yovelTviurad 10-pro-centiani mogebis micemis Sesaxeb, roca icoda, rom amis gakeTebas ar apirebda.

es magaliTi SevcvaloT ase: dadginda, rom petres marTlac hqon-da kafe, rac gayida. aRebul Tanxas miamata vasosgan nasesxebi fuli da marTalc SeiZina restorani. magram misi amuSaveba da mogebis miRe-ba ver SeZlo, radgan restoranSi klientebi ver miizida.

amis gamo, gamovida, rom restornis SenaxviT droTa ganmavlobaSi man mxolod xarji naxa, sargebeli ki araviTari.

saxeze araa TaRliToba, radgan ar Cans motyueba, rac win uZRoda fulis dauflebas. petres unda daekisros samoqalaqo pasuxismge-bloba da mas unda daubrunos aRebuli Tanxa vasos.

marTalia, fulis sesxeba restornis yidvis mizniT did riskTanaa dakavSirebuli, radgan sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom biznesis wamow-yeba yovelTvis dakavSirebulia met-nakleb riskTan, magram saqme isaa, rom es faqti cnobilia rogorc petresTvis, ise vasosTvis da vaso am riskze Segnebulad midis. mTavaria, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi pe-tres marTalc surda biznesis gafarToeba da am mizniT kidec Seudga saqmianobas.

rogoria qmedebis kvalifikacia, roca pirs fulis sesxebisas ga-dawyvetili aqvs misi drouli dabruneba, magram Semdeg gadawyvets, ar daubrunos igi kreditors?

zemoT ganxiluli SemTxveva SevcvaloT ase: petrem marTlac iy-ida restorani da Seudga saqmianobas. man dasawyisSi, ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi, marTalac gadauxada vasos dapirebuli 10 procenti

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miRebuli Tanxidan, magram Semdeg gadawyvita, ar gadaexada misTvis darCenili Tanxa, Tumca restorans saTanado mogeba hqonda. man Seu-wyvita Tanxis micema vasos da miuxedavad araerTgzisi Sexsenebisa, ar aZlevda mas dapirebul mogebas da arc aRebul vals uxdida.

am SemTxvevaSi, radgan igi Tavidan ixdida Sepirebul Tanxas, Seu-Zlebelia imis damtkiceba, rom motyueba win uZRoda fulis daufle-bas. amdenad, saxezea samoqalaqo samarTaldarRveva da petres samo-qalaqo wesiT unda daekisros pasuxismgebloba, Seasrulos xelSek-rulebiT nakisri valdebuleba. aseve SesaZloa, daekisros material-uri pasuxismgebloba miyenebuli moraluri zianisaTvis.

ramdenad aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba TaRliTobisa da samoqa-laqo pasuxismgeblobis gamijvnisaTvis miyenebuli zianis odenobas?

ganvixiloT es sakiTxi Semdeg magaliTebze.magaliTi pirveli: petrem fiqciuri dokumentis gamoyenebiT

moatyua moqalaqe, rom, viTomc igi iyo mzrunvelobas moklebul bavS-vTa daxmarebis fondis warmomadgeneli da am fondisaTvis Sesawiris miRebis motiviT gamoarTva mas 30 lari, rac miisakuTra.

magaliTi meore: petrem valis saxiT nacnobisagan isesxa 10 000 lari ori wlis vadiT. mas imedi hqonda, rom ojaxis danazogiT Se-Zlebda mis dabrunebas, magram male misi ojaxis Semosavali mkveTrad Semcirda, ris gamoc man valis gadaxda ver SeZlo.

marTalia, pirvel magaliTSi pirze miyenebuli ziani gacilebiT mcirea (30 lari), vidre meore magaliTSi (10 000 lari), magram es ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos TaRliTobisa da samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis gamijvnis kriteriumad.

pirvel magaliTSi motyueba win uZRvis sxvisi nivTis dauflebas da esaa aq mTavari. xolo meore magaliTSi sesxis miRebas win ar uZ-Roda motyueba, aramed nivTis daubrunebloba ganpirobebuli iyo gauTvaliswinebeli materialuri siduxWiriT.

aqedan gamomdinare, rogorc marTebulad aris aRniSnuli iurid-iul literaturaSi, marto miyenebuli zianis odenoba ar SeiZleba formalizebul safuZvlad davudoT am sakiTxis gadawyvetas. am del-iqtebs Soris gansxvaveba ara raodenobrivi, aramed Tvisebrivia.51

miyenebuli zianis odenobam mxolod maSin SeiZleba gamoricxos qmedebis kvalifikacia ssk 180-e muxliT, Tu es odenoba imdenad mc-irea, rom qmedeba mxolod formalurad Seicavs ss kodeqsis 180-e muxliT (TaRliTobiT) gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis niSnebs, ma-gram Tavisi mcire mniSvnelobis gamo ar gamouwvevia iseTi ziani, rac aucilebels gaxdida misi Camdenis sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismge-

51 Sead. m. lekveiSvili. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, Tb., 2014, gv. 431.

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blobas (ssk me-7 muxlis me-2 nawili). magaliTad, zemoT xsenebul mag-aliTSi petrem moqalaqes bavSvTa fondis daxmarebis motiviT gamo-arTva 5 lari.

es SemTxveva ar warmoadgens danaSauls da piris mimarT gamoy-enebul unda iqnes ssk me-7 muxlis me-2 nawili, magram igi ar gamor-icxavs samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobas miyenebuli zianis gamo.

sabolood unda iTqvas, rom msgavsi kategoriis saqmeze sakmarisi araa modave mxareTa Cvenebis miReba, aramed aucilebelia, mopovebul iqnes maTi Cvenebis damadasturebeli an gamabaTilebeli sxva faqto-brivi garemoebebi, raTa dadgindes motyueba uZRoda Tu ar win sxvisi nivTis an qonebrivi uflebis dauflebas.

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VI. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi gasatarebeli reformebi

Semdeg sakiTxad unda SevexoT im sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis mizan-Seuwonlobas, riTac bolo dros (2006 wlidan) sruliad usafuZvlod gafarTovda ssk kerZo nawilis mTeli rigi normebis moqmedebis ar-eali, riTac faqtobrivad moxda qmedebaTa kriminalizacia.

amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT sazogadoebrivi uSiSroebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi: ssk 223-e da 225-e muxlebi, rom-lebmac erTdroulad (2011 wlis 1 ivliss) ganicades sakanonmdeblo cvlileba.

ssk 223-e muxli iTvaliswinebda sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismge-blobas ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis Seqmnisa Tu masSi monaw-ileobisaTvis, xolo 225-e muxli _ masobrivi areulobisaTvis.

ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis Seqmna da xelmZRvaneloba Sekvecili Semadgenlobis danaSaulTa ricxvs miekuTvneba, radgan igi damTavrebulia Seqmnis momentidan. 2011 wlis cvlilebamde mis aucilebel niSnad iTvleboda SeiaraReba, magram xsenebuli cvli-lebis Semdeg am muxliT qmedebis kvalifikaciisaTvis araa aucile-beli, Seqmnili formireba SeiaraRebuli iyos cecxlsasroli, civi an sxva iaraRiT. sakmarisia, igi aRWurvili iyos nebismieri mowyobi-lobiT an sagniT, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes cocxali an sxva obieqtis dasazianeblad.

amdenad, sadReisod ukanono formirebad CaiTvleba pirTa jgufi, romelic aRWurvilia beisbolis burTebiT, riyis qvebiT, xis xelkete-biT da a.S., radganac am nivTebiTac SesaZlebelia sxvisi nivTis an Tavad adamianis dazianeba.

ismis kiTxva: ra aucileblobiT iyo ganpirobebuli amgvari sakanon-mdeblo cvlilebis Setana? aseTi SeuiaraRebeli jgufisaTvis, misi Seqmnis momentidan araa imanenturi sazogadoebrivi uSiSroebisaTvis safrTxis Seqmna, radgan maTi mizani araa TavdasxmiTi (gangsteruli) qmedebebis Cadena. ufro metic, araa gamoricxuli, maT patriotuli mizanic ki amoZravebdeT.

amdenad, Seiqmna viTareba, roca, erTi mxriv, bandis aucilebe-li niSania SeiaraReba imis miuxedavad, rom maTi mizani TavdasxmiTi qmedebebia, xolo, meore mxriv, ukanono formirebis aucilebeli ni-Sani araa SeiaraReba cecxlsasroli an civi iaraRiT, miuxedavad imi-sa, rom misi mizani araa TavdasxmiTi qmedebebis Cadena.

banditizmis socialuri saSiSroeba rom metia, vidre ukanono formirebisa, es aSkarad Cans maTze dawesebuli sanqciebis Sedare-biTac.

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amasTanave, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom 2011 wlis am cvlilebiT aseve gamkacrda am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia (Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 6-dan 12 wlamde, nacvlad 6-dan 9 wlisa, rac adre iyo dawe-sebuli).

rogoraa es sakiTxi gadawyvetili ss kodeqsis zemoT xsenebul proeqtSi?

proeqtis mixedviT Semsubuqda ssk 223-e muxlis pirveli nawil-iT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT samidan cxra wlamde, rac ufro msubuqia, vidre es iyo 2011 wlis sakanon-mdeblo cvlilebamde. rac Seexeba SeiaraRebas, am muxlis SeniSvnas am mxriv arsebiTi cvlileba ar ganucdia. am SeniSvnis pirveli nawilis mixedviT formireba (laSqari, gaerTianeba, razmi an sxva jgufi) gu-lisxmobs ara marto cecxlsasroli an civi Tu asafeTqebeli iara-RiT SeiaraRebuls, aramed „sxvisi sicocxlis, janmrTelobis an sa-kuTrebis dasazianebalad“ nebismieri sxva mowyobilobiT an sagniT SeiaraRebul jgufs (Sead. aRniSnuli proeqtis 223-e m-is SeniSvnas). rogorc vxedavT, iaraRSi kvlav igulisxmeba „nebismieri mowyobiloba an sagani, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom aq aqcenti gakeTebulia piris mizanze, gamoiyenos igi adamianis sicocxlis mospobis, janmrTelobis dazianebis an sakuTrebis dasazianeblad.

aseTi cvlileba garkveulad aris wingadadgmuli nabiji, magram aSkaraa, rom srulyofilad araa aRmofxvrili is xarvezi, rac da-kanonda 2011 wlis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebiT.

igive unda iTqvas ssk 225-e muxlis mimarT, romelic iTval-iswinebda ss pasuxismgeblobas masobrivi areulobis organizebis an xelmZRvanelobisaTvis, rasac Tan axlavs Zaladoba, rbeva da sxva Za-ladobiTi qmedebebi (maT Soris xelisuflebis warmomadgenlisaTvis SeiaraRebuli winaaRmdegobis gaweva).

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis Semdeg danaSaulebrivi qmedeba gamoix-ateba ara masobrivi areulobis, aramed jgufuri moqmedebis orga-nizebaSi, rasac Tan axlavs zemoT CamoTvlili qmedebebi. rogorc vxedavT, danaSaulis Semadgenlobas ukve gvaZlevs ori an sami piris moqmedeba da ara masis, e.i. ramdenime aTeuli pirisa.

ismis kiTxva: ori piris qmedebisaTvis ramdenadaa damaxasiaTebeli iseTi Sedegebi, rogoricaa rbeva, an iseTi Zaladoba anda xelisu-flebisaTvis iseTi winaaRmdegobis gaweva, rom amiT qveyanaSi Seqmnas umarTavi viTareba da safrTxeSi aRmoCndes sazogadoebrivi uSiSroe-ba? miT umetes, rom am muxlis SeniSvnis mixedviT sadReisod aqac iaraRSi igulisxmeba ara marto cecxlsasroli, civi an sxva iaraRi, aramed nebismieri sagani an mowyobiloba (magaliTad, qva, xelketi, burTebi), romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes cocxali an sxva obi-eqtis dasazianeblad.

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amasTan, isic ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom masobrivi areuloba (am-Jamad jgufuri Zaladoba) _ esaa ukmayofilo moqalaqeTa protestis gamoxatvis marTlsawinaaRmdego forma da ara raime piradi motiviT konkretuli piris winaaRmdeg Cadenili qmedeba. amdenad, Zneli mis-axvedri araa, Tu ra mizans emsaxureboda 2011 wels gatarebuli es sakanonmdeblo cvlileba.

rogor gadawyda es sakiTxi warmodgenil proeqtSi? proeqtSi aRdga ssk 225-e muxlis dispoziciis adre moqmedi re-

daqcia, rac uadavod misasalmebelia, magram SeniSvnaSi iaraRis cne-baSi aqac darCa „nebismieri mowyobiloba an sagani, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes cocxali an sxva obieqtis dasazianeblad an gas-anadgureblad“, rac am proeqtis naklad unda CaiTvalos.

sainteresoa, is faqti, bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos ss kanonmde-blobaSi gatarebuli cvlilebiT iyo SemTxveva, roca erT-erTi mZime kategoriis danaSaulisaTvis dawesda gacilebiT msubuqi sasjeli.

saqme exeba ssk 117-e muxls _ janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime daziane-bas, romelmac 2006 wlis 28 aprilis kanoniT ganicada seriozuli sakanonmdeblo cvlileba.

kerZod, es muxli am kanonis amoqmedebamde warmoadgenda mZime kategoriis danaSauls (isjeboda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT er-Tidan rva wlamde), xolo sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis Semdeg igi gaxda naklebad mZime danaSauli (isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT sami-dan xuT wlamde).

rogorc vxedavT, minimalurma zRvarma aiwia, magram aq mTavari sasjelis maqsimaluri zomaa, radgan igi gansazRvravs danaSaulis ama Tu im kategoriisadmi mikuTvnebis sakiTxs.

garda amisa, amave cvlilebiT am muxls daemata axali me-2 nawili, Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebuli Semadgenloba _ igive qmedeba, ramac gamoiwvia sicocxlis mospoba. manamde ki janmrTelobis ganz-rax mZime an naklebd mZime dazianebisaTvis, rasac sasikvdilo Sedegi mohyva, gaTvaliswinebuli iyo ssk 119-e muxli, rac ss kodeqsidan am cvlilebiT amoRebul iqna, xolo es Tanamdevi Sedegi gadanawilda janmrTelobis mZime da naklebad mZime dazianebis muxlebis sxvadasxva nawilSi.

TavisTavad imaSi, rom kodeqsidan amoRebul iqna specialuri muxli Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebuli danaSaulisa, uCveulo araferia. es sakanonmdeblo teqnikis sakiTxia da amasTanave, Sesa-Zloa, sasjelTa diferencirebis kuTxiT uprianic ki iyos.

magram sainteresoa, sasjelis kuTxiT ra samarTlebrivi Sedegi mohyva am Tanamdevi Sedegis gadanawilebas ssk 117-e muxlis sxvadasxva nawilSi?

amisaTvis erTmaneTs unda SevadaroT 117-e muxlis me-2 nawilisa

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da adre moqmedi 119-e muxlis sanqcia. ssk 119-e muxliT Tanamdevi Sedegis dadgomisas dawesebuli iyo Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT samidan 12 wlamde, anu saxeze iyo gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli, radaganac ssk me-11 muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT, Tanamdevi Sede-giT kvalificirebuli danaSauli iTvleba ganzrax danaSaulad. xolo, Tu ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis dawesebuli sanqcia aRemateba 10 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, ssk me-12 muxlis me-4 nawilis mixedviT, igi gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulia.

vnaxoT, ra sasjelia dawesebuli janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime da-zianebis Tanamdevi sasikvdilo SedegisaTvis dRes moqmedi kanoniT 117-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi. esaa Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT oTxi-dan eqvs wlamde. rogorc vxedavT, sasjelis minimaluri da maqsimal-uri zRvari mxolod erTi wliTaa gansxvavebuli am muxlis pirveli nawilis sanqciisagan. amave dros, es sasjeli orjer ufro msubuqia, vidre es gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 119-e muxliT. garda amisa, Tu 119-e muxli warmoadgenda gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauls, ssk 117-e mux-lis me-2 nawili warmoadgens mZime kategoriis danaSauls. amdenad, sakanonmdeblo cvlilebiT moxda ara marto sasjelis Semcireba, ar-amed danaSaulis kategoriis Secvlac misi Serbilebis kuTxiT.

amasTan dakavSirebiT ismis kiTxva: xom araa es faqti saqarTvelos kanonmdeblis mier sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis liberaliza-ciis gamovlineba?

cnobilia, rom xSiria SemTxveva, roca kanonmdeblobis avtori-taruli da liberaluri modeli zog qveyanaSi erTmaneTs erwymis. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, zogjer iqmneba viTareba, roca mocemuli qveyana liberaluria romelime aspeqtSi, xolo avtoritarulia sxva sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.52

iqneb saqarTveloSic am kanonis miRebiT msgavs movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme?

am kiTxvas pasuxi rom gaeces, jer unda SevafasoT, ramdenad iyo liberalizaciis gamovlineba ssk 117-e muxlis pirveli nawilis sanq-ciis aseTi arsebiTi Semsubuqeba?

am cvlilebis liberalizaciad Sefaseba SesaZlebeli iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kanonmdebeli aseve Seamsubuqebda janmrTelobis wi-naaRmdeg mimarTul sxva danaSaulTaTvis dawesebul sasjels Tundac umniSvnelod.

saqme isaa, rom am TaviT gaTvaliswinebul sxva danaSaulebisaTvis (janmrTelobis naklebad mZime an msubuqi dazianeba) ar ganucdiaT araviTari cvlileba sasjelTa Semsubuqebis TvalsazrisiT.

garda amisa, Tu kanonmdeblis TvalsazrisiT janmrTelobis mZime

52 Seadar. Jan pradeli. SedarebiTi sisxlis samarTali, red. prof. T. niniZe,. gv. 88.

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dazianebisaTvis dawesebuli sasjeli iyo Seusabamod mkacri (8 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTa) da igi TiTqos Semsubuqebas imsaxurebda, maSin am logikiT mas mkvlelobaze dawesebuli sasjelic unda Seemsubuqe-bina, rac ar momxdara.

maS, ra logikas eqvemdebareba janmrTelobis mZime dazianebisaT-vis sasjelTa aseTi arsebiTi Semsubuqeba, ramac am danaSaulis kat-egoriisadmi mikuTvnebis sakiTxic Secvala?

mkvlelobis Semdeg adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa Soris yvelaze saSiSia janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba, radgan mZime dazianebasa da sikvdils Soris sxva Sedegi ar arsebobs. Tuki mkvl-eloba aris gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli (da es asec unda iyos), ratom araa janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba mZime kategoriis danaSauli mainc? ratom gadaiqca igi naklebad mZime danaSaulad?

ra Tqma unda, kanonmdebeli am cvlilebis gatarebisas ar xelmZ-Rvanelobda raime samarTlebrivi kriteriumebiT. piriqiT, sakiTxis amgvari gadawyvetiT kanonmdebelma daarRvia samarTlianobis prin-cipi, radgan sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom saxelmwifom qmedebis kriminalizaciis etapze unda gadawyvitos danaSaulisa da sasjelis Sesabamisobis sakiTxi. kerZod, ss kanonSi gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes yoveli danaSaulisa da misi Semadgenlobis Sesatyvisi (proporciuli) sasjeli am danaSaulis socialuri saSiSroebis gaTvaliswinebiT, raTa mosamarTlem SeZlos, daniSnos samarTliani sasjeli.53

amdenad, samarTlianobis principi mimarTulia ara marto mosamarTleze, aramed pirvel rigSi _ kanonmdebelze da misi safuZve-li aris qmedebis socialuri saSiSroebis Sesatyvisi, anu proporci-uli sasjelis daweseba ss kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxliT.

rogorc vxedavT, ssk 117-e muxli dRes arsebuli sasjelis Tval-sazrisiT amovardnilia Cveni samarTlebrivi konteqstidan.

rogor wydeba es sakiTxi zemoT xsenebul proeqtSi? proeqtis mixedviT ssk 117-e muxlis pirveli nawilis sanqcia gaizarda Tavisu-flebis aRkveTiT samidan eqvs wlamde. amdenad, igi gaxda mZime kat-egoriis danaSauli, rac samarTliania, Tumca am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia kvlav erTi wliTaa gansxvavebuli pirveli nawilis sanqciasTan SedarebiT (Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT oTxidan Svid wlamde).

axla vnaxoT, ramdenad iyo ssk 117-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT Tanam-devi Sedegisadmi sasjelis Semsubuqeba liberalizaciis gamovlineba, radgan SesaZlebelia, kanonmdebelma zogadad liberaluri pozicia airCia Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebuli Semadgenlobebis mimarT.

53 Seadar. g. naWyebia. sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2007, gv. 32.

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am kiTxvas pasuxi rom gaeces, saWiroa, erTmaneTs SevadaroT kanonmdeblis politika sasjlTa mimarTebaSi ssk 117-e muxlis me-2 nawilisa da sxva Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebul danaSaulebSi.

magaliTisaTvis moviyvanoT sahaero, wylis an rkinigzis moZravi Semadgenlobis marTlsawinaaRmdego daufleba (227-e muxli) da me-kobreoba (228-e muxli), romelTa damamZimebeli garemoeba iTval-iswinebs Tanamdevi sasikvdilo SedegiT kvalificirebul Semadgenlo-bas. aseve gaupatiureba (137-e muxli) da sxva Zaladobrivi sqesobrivi danaSaulebi, romlis me-4 nawilSi mocemulia sasikvdilo Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebuli Semadgenloba.

ssk 227-e muxli iTvaliswinebs adamianis sicocxlis mospobas, ro-gorc Tanamdev Sedegs da misTvis dawesebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT 10-dan 15 wlamde maSin, roca amave muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaT-valiswinebuli sanqcia warmoadgens Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 7-dan 10 wlamde vadiT. gamodis, rom maqsimalur sanqciaTa Soris sxvaoba aris 5 weli da es gasagebicaa, radgan es is xuTi welia, rac dawesebulia sicocxlis gaufrTxileblobiT mospobis (116-e muxli) me-2 nawiliT, rogorc am danaSaulisaTvis dadgenili yvelaze mkacri sasjeli.

igive viTareba gvaqvs mekobreobis Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalifici-rebul SemadgenlobaSi (228-e muxlis me-2 nawili), sadac, Tu pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 6-dan 10 wlamde, misi me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 10-dan 15 wlamde.

rogorc vxedavT, aqac sxvaoba Tanamdevi SedegisaTvis aris 5 weli..am sakiTxis ganxilvisas TvalSi sacemia is garemoeba, rom am mux-

lebmac (227-e da 228-e muxlebi) ganicades sakanonmdeblo cvlileba imave kanoniT (2006 wlis 28 aprilis kanoniT), riTac cvlileba gani-cada ssk 117-e muxlma.

aqedan gamomdinare, ismis kiTxva: Tuki kanonmdebelma airCia lib-eraluri politika ssk 117-e muxlis mimarT da aseve am muxliT gaT-valiswinebuli Tanamdevi Sedegis mimarT, maSin ratom ar airCia igive liberaluri politika ssk 227-e da 228-e muxlebis mimarTac?

rac Seexeba gaupatiurebis Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificirebul Semadgenlobas (137-e muxli me-4 nawilis „b“ qvepunqti), misi maqsimal-uri sanqcia (Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 15 wlamde) 3 wliT ufro mkacria, vidre am danaSaulis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia (Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa 12 wlamde).

igive viTarebaa sxva analogiur SemTxvevebSic (magaliTad, ssk 138-e muxlis me-4 nawili) da am muxlebmac imave kanoniT (2006 w. 28 aprilis) ganicada garkveuli cvlileba.

amdenad, Cveni kanonmdebeli sasikvdilo Tanamdevi SedegiT kvali-ficirebul SemadgenlobaSi sul mcire 3 wliT ufro mkacr sasjels

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awesebs.aqedan gamomdinare, keTdeba daskvna, Tuki kanonmdebels surda

liberaluri politika gaetarebina Tanamdevi SedegiT kvalificireb-uli Semadgenlobebis mimarT, ratom ar gaatara igi sxva danaSaulebT-an mimarTebaSi, miT umetes, rom am sxva danaSaulTa ZiriTadi Semad-genloba, gansxvavebiT ssk 117-e muxlebisagan, aris SedeggareSe, anu formaluri danaSauli. janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba ki aris Sedegiani, anu materialuri danaSauli, ris gamoc 117-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT qmedebis kvalifikacia niSnavs imas, rom sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgomamde Cven saxeze gvqonda janmrTelobis mZime dazianebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sedegebidan erTi mainc, rac ganzrax iyo gamowveuli.

rac Seexeba mekobreobasa da sahaero xomaldis marTlsawinaaRm-dego dauflebas, isini safrTxis deliqtebia. kerZod, pirveli konkre-tuli safrTxis deliqtia, xolo meore _ abstraqtuli safrTxis deliqti.

mosawesrigebelia narkotikuli danaSaulis Tavic. dRes arsebuli kanoni awesebs sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismge-

blobas narkotikuli saSualebis ganmeorebiT moxmarebisTvis ssk 273-e muxliT, sadac sasjelis saxiT jarimis garda, aseve gaTvaliswine-bulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa erT wlamde vadiT. es faqti imas adas-turebs, rom sworad araa gaazrebuli wamaldamokidebulebasTan daka-vSirebuli problemis buneba. kerZod, janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebu-li problemebis mqone adamianebis, romlebic ganicdian paTologiur damokidebulebas narkotikul nivTierebebze, izolacia sazogadoebi-sagan sruliad araproporciuli meTodia problemasTan sabrZolve-lad. aseT pirebs, upirveles yovlisa, sWirdebaT mkurnaloba da ara sazogadoebisagan izolacia.

saerTod, civilizebuli saxelmwifo SezRudulia instrumentebi-sa da formebis SerCevaSi, mas ar SeuZlia mimarTos araproporciul da represiul meTodebs, Tundac samarTliani da legitimuri miz-nis misaRwevad (mizani ar amarTlebs saSualebas). zogadad, sisxlis-samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da miT umetes Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis SesaZleblobis daweseba wamaldamokidebuli pirebis mimarT aris swored amgvari gaumarTlebeli da araproporciuli Careva saxelmwi-fos mxridan, miuxedavad Carevis miznebis legitimurobisa. am mosaz-rebas is faqtic amyarebs, rom Cveni kanonmdeblobiT araa dadgenili pasuxismgeblobis alternatiuli formebi, maT Soris, samkurnalo-sareabilitacio RonisZiebebi, aseve ar arsebobs zianis Semcirebis programebi, risk-jgufebze orientirebuli sazogadoebrivi progr-amebi da sxva naklebad SemzRudavi saSualebebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom zemoTx senebuli sakoordinacio komisiis mier

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momzadebul proeqtSi araa gaTvaliswinebuli ssk-is 273-e muxlTan dakavSirebuli cvlilebebi. amitom, aucileblad migvaCnia kanonpro-eqtSi Setanil iqnes cvlilebebi 273-e muxlis sanqciasTan mimarTe-baSi, romliTac am muxlis sanqcidan amoRebuli iqneba Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.

marTalia, narkotikuli saSualebebis raodenobebis gansazRvra sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis miznebSi ar Sedis, magram SeuZlebelia ssk-is 260-e muxlis reforma ise, rom mxedvelobaSi ar iqnes miRebuli narkotikuli saSualebebis raodenobebTan dakavSirebuli problema. `narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebis, prekur-sorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, garkveul narkotikul nivTierebebs mcire odenoba ar gaaC-niaT. aseTia, magaliTad, heroini, aseve dezomorfini, romelic e.w. „niangis“ Semadgeneli nivTierebaa. amdenad, am nivTierebaTa CamonaT-valis gaswvriv me-3 vertikalur grafaSi araa dafiqsirebuli gr-amebis odenoba, aramed dafiqsirebulia tire (-). es imas niSnavs, rom, Tu moxmarebis Semdeg SpricSi CarCa narkotikis umciresi, sruliad usargeblo doza, Tavisuflad SeiZleba piris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba ssk 260-e muxliT _ narkotikis ukanono SenaxvisaTvis.

ufro metic, aseT SemTxvevaSi zemoT xsenebuli kanonis Tandar-Tuli siis SeniSvnis mixedviT, pirs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-bloba daekisreba ssk 260-e muxlis ara pirveli, aramed me-2 nawiliT (didi odenoba), radgan, roca narkotikul saSualebas ar gaaCnia mcire odenoba, igi iTvleba did odenobad. gamodis, rom aseT narkotikul saSualebebs ar gaaCnia arc mcire da arc sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-suxismgeblobisaTvis sawyisi odenoba, rac sruliad gaumarTlebeli da aralogikuria.

garda amas, gasaTvaliswinebelia 2014 wlis 16 aprils ssk-Si ganx-orcielebuli cvlileba. 260-e muxls daemata 11 punqti, romlis mixedviTac aseve dasjadi gaxda axali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxava, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba.

aRniSnuli damatebis mixedviT mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tu ra ode-nobis fsiqoaqtiuri niviTerebaa aRmoCenili, agreTve araa gamijnuli, qmedeba Cadenilia piradi moxmarebis Tu gasaRebis mizniT.

Sesabamisad, dRes arsebuli redaqciiT, umciresi odenobiT fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis aRmoCena, Tundac is piradi moxmarebis mizniT iyos SeZenili, pirdapir iwvevs sisxlissamarTlebriv pasux-ismgeblobas 260-e muxliT. sakiTxis amgvarad gadawyveta SeiZleba aixsnas „axali fsiqoaqtiuri“ nivTierebebis odenobebis gansazRvris

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SeuZleblobiT, magram amis miuxedavad, es sakiTxi ar unda gadaiWras mxolod braldebulis interesebis SezRudvis xarjze.

magaliTad, Tuki Cveulebrivi narkotikuli nivTierebis mcire odenobis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi pirs jer administraciuli pasux-ismgebloba daekisreba da mxolod ganmeorebiTi qmedebis Cadenisas daiwyeba mis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, „axali fsiqoaqti-uri“ nivTierebis aRmoCenisas, pirvelive SemTxvevas mohyveba sisxlis-samarTlebrivi devna mxolod imis gamo, rom SeuZlebelia dadgindes, aRmoCenili nivTiereba Tavisi raodenobiTa da organizmze zemoq-medebis siZlieriT aWarbebs Tu ara im zRvars, saidanac sxva narkoti-kuli nivTierebebis aRmoCenis dros iwyeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.

moqmedi redaqciiT 260-e muxlis erT-erTi damamZimebeli garemoe-baa imave qmedebis Cadena piris mier, „visac winaT Cadenili aqvs kod-eqsis am TaviT (narkotikuli danaSauli) gaTvaliswinebuli romelime danaSauli“. aRniSnuli Canaweri erTnairad exeba yvela narkotikul danaSauls, maT Soris ssk-is 273-e muxlsac. Sesabamisad, Tuki am mux-liT pasuxisgebaSi micemul pirs aRmoaCndeba sisxlissamarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani odenobis narkotikuli nivTiereba, misi qmedeba da-kvalificirdeba 260-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT. samwuxarod, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis SemoTavazebuli cvlilebebis paketSic araa yuradReba gamaxvilebuli aRniSnul damamZimebel garemoebaze da es Canaweri ucvleladaa gadmotanili, rac ar Seesabameba wamal-damokidebuli pirebis mimarT saxelmwifo politikis gaumjobesebas da saerTod, sisxlis samarTlis politikis liberalizacias.

aqedan gamomdinare, 260-e muxlis damamZimebeli garemoeba _ piris mier, visac Cadenili aqvs am kodeqsis am TaviT gaTvaliswinebuli romelime danaSauli, unda Camoyalibdes Semdegnairad: „piris mier, visac Cadenili aqvs am kodeqsis am TaviT gaTvaliswinebuli romelime danaSauli (garda ssk 273-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulisa)“.

narkotikul danaSaulTa TavSi arsebobs sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulTa mTeli rigi muxlebis specialuri Semadgenlo-ba _ ssk 264-e muxli, sadac mis pirvel nawilSi, aseve damamZimebel garemoebebSi gaTvaliswinebulia qurdobis, Zarcvis, TaRliTobis, miTvisebis, yaCaRobisa da gamoZalvis specialuri Semadgenloba.

saerTod, ss kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi zogadi normebis gverdiT specialuri normebis arseboba Cveulebrivi movlenaa da am mxriv arc aq aris raime gamonaklisi da problema. magram, Tuki kargad da-vukvirdebiT ssk 264-e da 260-e muxlebis Semadgenlobas, im ucilo-bel daskvnamde mivalT, rom es muxlebi unda gaerTiandes. kerZod, ssk 264-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli xerxebi specialuri kontrols

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daqvemdebarebuli nivTierebebis dauflebisa, unda gadavides ssk 260-e muxlSi da 264-e muxli kodeqsidan amoRebul unda iqnes.

sakiTxis ukeT warmoCenisaTvis moviyvanoT aseTi magaliTi: petrem specialuri afTiaqidan moipara narkotikuli saSualeba da gavida quCaSi. mas surda am narkotikis saxlSi waReba, magram ver moaxerxa, radgan quCaSive daakaves (anda daakaves maSin, roca manqaniT mihqonda igi saxlSi). dadginda, rom petrem es narkotiki specialuri afTiaqi-dan farulad gamoitana.

ismis kiTxva: rogor unda dakvalificirdes misi qmedeba _ rogorc narkotikuli saSualebis marTlsawinaaRmdego daufleba (264-e mux-lis pirveli nawili), Tu rogorc narkotikuli saSualebis ukanono Senaxva (ssk 260-e muxlis pirveli nawili), Tu dakvalificirdes igi danaSaulTa erTobliobiT: ssk 260-e da 264-e muxlebiT, radgan pe-tre faruli xerxis gamoyenebiT kidec daeufla narkotiks marTl-sawinaaRmdegod, amave dros, igi inaxavda mas ukanonod, roca quCaSi gamosuls xelT epyra narkotikuli saSualeba (anda edo manqanaSi da moZraobda saxlis mimarTulebiT)?

dasmuli kiTxvis pasuxad unda iTqvas Semdegi: petres qmedeba srulad moculia ssk 264-e muxlis pirveli nawil-

iT, radgan narkotikis marTlsawinaaRmdego daufleba qurdobiT (is-eve rogorc zogadad qurdoba _ ssk 177-e muxli) damTavrebulia maSin, roca piri daeufleba mas da miecema misi sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr gankargvis SesaZlebloba. es imas niSnavs, rom, roca daufleba xde-ba dacul obieqtSi (rogoricaa specialuri afTiaqi), maSin gankarg-vis SesaZleblobas piri iZens daculi obieqtidan gamosvlis Semdeg. Cvens SemTxvevaSi petres qmedeba damTavrda quCaSi misi gamosvlis Semdeg. manamde adgili hqonda ssk 264-e muxlis mcdelobas. aqedan gamomdinare ki, keTdeba is ucilobeli daskvna, rom ssk 264-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba _ marTlsawinaaRmdego daufleba moicavs narkotikebis ukanono Senaxvis faqtsac (quCaSi gamosuli an manqanaSi mjdari petre narkotiks flobs ukanonod) da mas damatebiT kvalifi-kacia ar sWirdeba.

TiTqos aq sadavo araferia, magram, Tu sakiTxs SevxedavT sxva kuTxiT, petres quCaSi gamosvlisas (aseve narkotikTan erTad manqaniT moZraobisas) misi qmedeba garegnulad emsgavseba aseve narkotikuli saSualebis ukanono Senaxvasac, ris gamoc sakiTxisadmi zerele mid-gomis SemTxvevaSi araa gamoricxuli, praqtikaSi moxdes am qmedebis danaSaulTa erTobliobad Sefaseba _ rogorc 264-e, ise 260-e muxle-biT.

aseTi sakiTxi ar daismeva, roca saxezea sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi (ssk 177-181-e muxlebi). kerZod, SeuZlebe-

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lia daisvas sakiTxi qmedebis danaSaulTa erTobliobiT kvalifi-kaciis Sesaxeb, roca saqme exeba Tavisufal brunvaSi myofi nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdego dauflebas. magaliTad, petrem Caidina qurdoba da naqurdal nivTTan erTad daakaves quCaSi (an manqanaSi masTan er-Tad gadaadgilebisas, anda sulac es naqurdali mas saxlSi upoves saguldagulod Senaxuli). am SemTxvevaSi aravin dasvams sakiTxs pe-tres qmedebis danaSaulTa erTobliobiT dakvalificirebis Sesaxeb _ ssk 177-e da 186-e muxlebiT (qurdoba da winaswari SecnobiT dana-Saulebrivi gziT mopovebuli qonebis floba), radganac saxezea Tavi-sufal brunvaSi myofi nivTi da imTaviTve igulisxmeba, rom qurdoba moicavs ssk 186-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Semadgenlo-bas, ris gamoc mas ar sWirdeba damatebiTi kvalifikacia. amdenad, araa sadavo, rom ssk 186-e muxlis amsrulebeli ver iqneba im danaSaulis amsrulebeli an Tanamonawile, ra danaSaulis Cadenis gziTac moxda am qonebis xelSi Cagdeba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, piri imitom qurdobs, rom naqurdali nivTi an Tavad gamoiyenos, an gaasxvisos da am gziT miiRos sargebeli. amdenad, ssk 186-e muxlis subieqti aris me-3 piri, visac winaswari Sexeba predikatul danaSaulTan ar hqonia.54

Cven mier gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi ki saxezea specialur kontrols daqvemdebarebuli nivTiereba (narkotiki), ris gamoc am sakiTxis gan-sxvavebulad gadawyvetis safrTxe namdvilad arsebobs. qmedebis er-TobliobiT kvalifikaciis interesi SesaZloa gaCndes imitomac, rom ssk 264-e muxlis pirveli nawilis sanqcia (jarima, gamasworebeli sa-muSao vadiT or wlamde an Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT oridan oTx wlamde) gacilebiT msubuqia, vidre ssk 260-e muxlis pirveli nawilis sanqcia (Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT 11 wlamde). amitomac, sanam ssk 260-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli aris gansakuTrebiT mZime kategoriis, xolo ssk 264-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli ki _ naklebad mZime kategoriisa, zemoT xsenebuli SemTxvevis danaSaulTa erTobliobiT kvalifikaciis sakiTxi miT umetes dadgeba dRis wes-rigSi.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sakiTxis srulyofilad warmo-CenisaTvis saWiroa, Cveni Sexedulebis ufro safuZvliani dasabuTeba.

petres qmedebaSi rom araa danaSaulTa erToblioba, es Semdegnai-rad unda dasabuTdes:

a) ssk 264-e muxlis pirveli nawili _ specialur kontrols daqvem-debarebul nivTierebaTa marTlsawinaaRmdego miTviseba an gamoZalva aris e.w. formalur-materialuri Semadgenlobis danaSauli. kerZod, gamoZalvis nawilSi igi aris formaluri Semadgenlobis danaSauli.

54 am sakiTxze ix. m. lekveiSvili. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, Tb., 2013, gv. 449.

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e.i. damTavrebulad iTvleba qmedebis (narkotikis moTxovnis) Cadeni-sTanave da mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, SeZlo Tu ara gamomZalvelma narkotikis daufleba.

rac Seexeba marTlsawinaaRmdego dauflebis nawilSi, es danaSau-li aris materialuri Semadgenlobis. rac imas niSnavs, rom igi dam-Tavrebulad iTvleba ara maSin, roca piri xelT igdebs narkotiks, ar-amed im momentidan, roca miecema misi gankargvis SesaZlebloba. aseTi SesaZlebloba, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, pirs miecema maSin, roca igi Tavs daaRwevs dacul obieqts. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, roca moSor-deba im adgils, sadac narkotiki inaxeboda mis marTlsawinaaRmdego dauflebamde. magaliTad, gava quCaSi.

b) quCaSi gasvla ki is momentia, roca piri ukve flobs narkoti-kul saSualebas, anu ukanonod inaxavs mas (jibeSi, xelCanTaSi an sx-vagan).

amdenad, ssk 264-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba _ narkotikis marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTreba, Tavis TavSi moicavs narkotikis ukanono Senaxvasac da mas damatebiTi kvalifika-cia ar sWirdeba ssk 260-e muxliT.

g) am SemTxvevis danaSaulTa erTobliobiT kvalifikacia imitoma-caa dauSvebeli, rom aseTi kvalifikaciisas gamova, TiTqos ssk 264-e muxli, rogorc damoukidebeli (avtonomiuri) danaSauli ar arsebobs da igi damTavrebisTanave unda gadaebas sxva danaSauls (ssk 260-e muxls). aseTi ram ki gamoricxulia, radgan ssk 264-e muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli danaSaulis ganxorcieleba araa dakavSirebuli sxva da-naSaulTan (am SemTxvevaSi 260-e muxlTan), rogorc amas adgili aqvs, magaliTad, ssk 109-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „b“ qvepunqtSi (mkvl-eloba mZevlad xelSi CagdebasTan dakavSirebiT),sadac es mkvleloba aucileblad dakavSirebulia piris mZevlad xelSi CagdebasTan da mis gareSe igi ar arsebobs. amitom aseTi saxis mkvleloba xorcield-eba an mZevlad xelSi Cagdebis procesSi,an mZevlis xelSi Cagdebis iuridiulad damTavrebis Semdeg, sanam es denadi danaSauli miedineba da faqtobrivad ar dasrulebula. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ssk 109-e muxlis am damamZimebeli garemoebiT mkvlelobis kvalifikaciisaTvis aucilebeli winapirobaa, es mkvleloba dakavSirebuli iyos sxva dana-SaulTan, kerZod, mZevlad xelSi CagdebasTan.

sul sxva viTarebaa narkotikis marTlsawinaaRmdego dauflebisas. misi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebisaTvis srulebiT araa saWiro sxva raime danaSaulis Cadena.

amdenad, radganac am danaSaulis ganxorcieleba araa mibmuli sxva danaSaulTan, warmoudgenelia, misi dasrulebis momenti mibmuli iyos sxva romelime danaSaulTan.

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zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, praqtikaSi am sakiTxis mimarT azrTa sxvadasxvaobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, upriani iqneba ssk 264-e muxlis gaerTianeba ssk 260-e muxlTan misi pirveli nawilis Sem-degnairad CamoyalibebiT: „narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna, marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTreba an gamoZalva“ .

rac Seexeba iseT damamZimebel garemoebas, rac mocemulia ssk 264-e muxlis me-2 da me-4 nawilis „g“ qvepunqtebSi („ZaladobiT an muqa-riT, rac araa saSiSi sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis“ da „Zalado-biT an muqariT, rac saSiSia sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis“), igi Sesabamisad unda gadavides ssk 260-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi. aseTive Sinaarsis cvlileba unda Sevides ssk 260-e muxlis pirvel prima nawilSi, riTac dawesebulia ss pasuxismgebloba axali fsiqoaq-tiuri nivTierebisadmi ukanono mopyrobisaTvis da ssk 261-e muxlSic.

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VII. sasjelis individualizacia

dabolos, SevCerdebiT 2006 wels ganxorcielebul im sakanonmde-blo siaxleze, romliTac ss kodeqsis mTeli rigi muxlebis sanqciebma garkveuli cvlileba ganicada. kerZod, moxda sasjelTa minimaluri da maqsimaluri zRvris daaxloeba minimaluri sanqciis vadis aweviT da maqsimaluri sanqciis vadis daweviT.

aseTi cvlileba ganicada janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebam, (razec zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari), aseve sqesobrivi danaSaulis um-ravlesobam. magaliTad, Tu gaupatiurebis martivi SemadgenlobisaT-vis dawesebuli iyo Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT samidan 7 wlamde, igi Seicvala Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT oTxidan 6 wlamde. aseve ganicada cvlileba Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTis sanqciam (ssk 143-e muxli). rac Seexeba mZevlad xelSi Cagdebas, misi sanqciis qveda zRvarma aiwia, xolo zeda darCa 10 weli da a.S.

sasjelTa aseTi cvlilebiT, riTac erTmaneTs dauaxlovda Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis minimaluri da maqsimaluri vada (xSirad es am-plituda mxolos 2 wels Seadgens), aSkaraa, rom mosamarTles mniS-vnelovnad SeezRuda sasjelTa individualizaciis principis ganxor-cielebis SesaZlebloba, rac gaumarTlebelia.

amas emateba is faqtic, rom saqarTveloSi ukve ramdenime wlis win uzenaesma sasamarTlom miiRo saxelmZRvanelo rekomendaciebi da wi-nadadebebi (e.w. gaidlainebi) qvemdgomi sasamarTloebis mimarT, sadac detaluradaa gawerili gavrcelebul danaSaulTa mimarT ra viTare-baSi ra saxis da zomis sasjeli unda daniSnos mosamarTlem. roca saqme exeba Tavisufleebis aRkveTas, mosamarTles SeuZlia plus-mi-nus 6 TviT gansxvavebuli sasjelis daniSvna, rac unda daasabuTos ganaCenSi.

ufro metic, saqarTvelos ss kodeqsSi aris muxlebi, sadac faq-tobrivad dawesebulia absoluturad gansazRvruli sanqcia, anda sasjelis romelime saxis absoluturad gansazRvruli zoma.

magaliTad, ssk me-200 me-2 prima muxli (aqcizuri markirebis meo-radi gamoyenebis mizniT gasaReba, SeZena da an/da maTi sxva pirisaTvis gadacema). am muxlis pirveli nawiliT sasjelis saxed dawesebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT 6 Tvemde.

aseTi redaqciiT iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom TiTqos sasamarT-los SeuZlia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvna 6 Tveze naklebi va-diTac, rac sinamdviles ar Seesabameba, radgan ssk 50-e muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis minimaluri vada aris swored 6 Tve. amdenad, zemoT xsenebuli muxlis pirveli nawil-iT qmedebis kvalifikaciisas sasamarTlo SezRudulia absoluturad gansazRvruli sanqciiT, rac dauSvebelia.

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amasTan dakavSirebiT ismis kiTxva: Tuki zemoT xsenebuli muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis saSiSroeba imdenad mcirea, rom misi saSiSroebisaTvis Tanazomier (proporciul) sasjelad unda CaiT-valos Tavisuflebis aRkveTis minimaluri vada (6 Tve), maSin saer-Tod ra saWiroa sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis SemoReba am muxlisaTvis? sasjeli Tavis mizans sasjelTa alternatiuli saxis (arasapatimro sasjelis) dawesebiTac miaRwevs. miT umetes, rom sax-eze araa ZaladobiTi danaSauli.

msgavs SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme ssk 2381-e muxlSic (civi iaraRis tareba), am muxlis pirveli nawili sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs ja-rimas an Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 6 Tvis vadiT.

marTalia, aq mocemulia ori alternatiuli sasjeli (jarima an Tavisuflebis aRkveTa), magram saqme isaa, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTa warmodgenilia absoluturad gansazRvruli zomiT (6 Tve), rac aseve dauSvebelia.

garda amisa, sainteresoa, ramdenad samarTliania aseTi sasjelis SemoReba sxva kuTxiTac? kerZod, aqac Cndeba igive kiTxva: Tuki am danaSaulis saSiSroeba imdenad mcirea, rom misTvis 6 Tveze ufro mkacri sasjelis daweseba kanonmdebelma ar CaTvala saWirod, maSin saerTod ra saWiroa aseTi qmedebisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Se-moReba? ufro samarTliani iqneba aseT SemTxvevaSi jarimis gverdiT sasjelis iseTi alternatuli saxis daweseba, rogoricaa sazogadoe-brivad sasargeblo Sroma, Tavisuflebis SezRudva da sxva.

sakiTxis aseTi gadawyveta im TvalsazrisiTac iqneba misaRebi, rom igi xels Seuwyobs cixeebis gantvirTvas patimrebisagan.

Cvens kanonmdeblobaSi uaxloes xanebSi unda gatardes saTanado cvlileba am kuTxiTac, rom dawesdes danaSaulis saSiSroebis Sesa-tyvisi sasjeli. aseve mosamarTles unda mieces pasuxismgeblobis in-dividualizaciis principis realurad gatarebis SesaZlebloba. es procesi sakanonmdeblo doneze ukve dawyebulia da igi Seexo sqeso-briv danaSaulebs.

kerZod, 2013 wlis 27 noembris kanoniT gamkacrda sasjelebi am saxis danaSaulze. magaliTad, ssk 137-e muxlis (gaupatiureba) pirve-li nawilis sanqcia gaxda Tavisuflebis aRkveTa vadiT eqvsidan rva wlamde. rac Seexeba 16 wels miuRwevel pirTan sqesobriv kavSirsa da garyvnil qmedebas (ssk 140-e da 141-e muxlebi), Seicvala maTi kat-egoriisadmi mikuTvneba da isini gaxda mZime kategoriis danaSauli, rac samarTliania, radgan gaupatiureba aris piris pativis Semlax-veli Zaladobrivi danaSauli da aqedan gamomdinare, didia misi so-cialuri saSiSroeba.

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amave dros isic unda aRiniSnos, rom, rogorc am siaxlidan Cans, kvlad ZalaSi rCeba sasjelTa minimaluri da maqsimaluri zRvris daaxloebis SenarCunebis tendencia (Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT 6-dan 8 wlamde), rac zRudavs mosamarTles sasjelis individualiza-ciis sakiTxSi.

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