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Georgia Demographic, Educational and Economic TrendsVersion May 2021
This information package is provided as a public service to state legislators, government leaders, and the general public.
Georgia’s Changing Demographics
Georgia is a growing and increasingly diverse state. Growth in the state is primarily driven by in-migration of people from other states. In 2020 Georgia’s estimated population was 10.7 million. The state population is projected to climb to 13 million by 2040. Like most states, Georgia has been experiencing a lower birth rate since 2007 and its population is aging. In the next decade, Georgia’s population growth is projected to be centered in the metro Atlanta area, the mountain areas of north Georgia, and coastal counties anchored around Savannah. Urban and regional hubs in the state are projected to continue to see population growth.
Population growth between 1930 and 2010 has accelerated.
0
2
4
6
8
10
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Popu
lati
on in
Mill
ions
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census. Note: The 2020 count has not been released.
Year Population1930 2,908,5061940 3,123,7231950 3,444,5781960 3,943,1161970 4,589,5751980 5,463,1051990 6,478,1492000 8,186,4532010 9,687,653
Much of the population growth occurred in the Atlanta metro area and around Chattanooga.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census and Estimates Program. Note: The 2020 count has not been released; the map uses the 2020 estimate based on the 2010 count.
Population growth accelerated in the 1990’s and is projected to continue at the same rate for the next several decades.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Popu
lati
on in
Mill
ions
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census; Governor’s Office of Planning and Budget Population Projections (2020 Series). Note: The 2020 count has not been released.
Year Population1980 5,463,1051990 6,478,1492000 8,186,4532010 9,687,6532020 10,707,203
2030 11,979,787
2040 13,006,562
Rural counties, especially in middle and south Georgia, are projected to lose population, while suburban and coastal counties gain.
Source: U.S Census Bureau Estimates Program; Governor’s Office of Planning and Budget Population Projections (2020 Series).
Year Population2010 9,687,653
2020 10,707,203
2030 11,979,787
2040 13,006,562
The racial and ethnic makeup of the state has been changing, with White population shrinking and the Hispanic population growing quickly.
20101990 2000
56%
30%
9% 5%
White Black Hispanic Other
63%
29%
5% 3%
White Black Hispanic Other
70%
27%
2% 1%
White Black Hispanic Other
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Social Explorer.
The trend in greater race and ethnic diversity is projected to continue.
2020 20402030
52%
32%
10% 7%
White Black Hispanic Other
50%
32%
11%7%
White Black Hispanic Other
47%
32%
13%8%
White Black Hispanic Other
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Governor’s Office of Planning and Budget Population Projections (2020 Series).
Birth rates in Georgia have been declining since 2007.
Source: CDC
200773.4
201958.0
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Rat
e pe
r 10
00 fe
mal
es a
ge 1
5–44
People moving in from other U.S. states fuels the state’s growth.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Estimates Program.
-10,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
In-Migration Immigration Natural Increase
Domestic in-migration outstrips natural increase
Domestic migration recovers from recession
The population is aging, and the proportion age 65 and over is projected to grow to nearly a quarter of the total by 2040.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Social Explorer; Governor’s Office of Planning and Budget Projections (2020 Series).
7.4% 8.0%9.5% 10.1% 9.6% 10.7%
16.2%
19.8%21.8%
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
% of Georgia Population 65+
Educational attainment in Georgia has been trending up over the past ten years. U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS) data shows that the percent of the population over age 25 that has a bachelor’s degree or higher has improved from 28.8% in the 2010-2015 ACS to 31.3% in the 2015-2019 ACS. Some of the gain is attributable to the economic growth of the state and in-migration of knowledge workers.
Another component of the improvement in educational attainment is attributed to increases in the number of high school graduates and gains related to post-secondary credentials.
High school graduation rates have been trending up for a number of years with the 2019-2020 rate being 83.8% The proportion of individuals with less than a high school diploma decreased in both urban and rural counties but decreased more in rural counties.
Education Trends
Slightly over half of Georgians age 25 and over had at least some postsecondary education in the 5-year period 2015–19.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (5-Year Estimates).
4.6%
8.2%
27.7%
20.3%
7.8%
19.2%
12.1%
Less than 9th grade
9th to 12th grade, no diploma
High school graduate (includes equivalency)
Some college, no degree
Associate's degree
Bachelor's degree
Graduate or professional degree
The high school graduation rate has been steadily increasing.
Source: Governor’s Office of Student Achievement.
83.8%
82.0%81.6%
80.6%
79.4%78.8%
2019-202018-192017-182016-172015-162014-15
Metropolitan counties were home to the highest proportion of those 25 and over with a Bachelor’s degree or higher in 2015–19.
Source: U. S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (5-Year Estimates).
Georgia continues to ranked as one of the top states to do business. Georgia is home to some of the leading fortune 500 companies like Coca-Cola Company, Home Depot, Delta Air Lines, UPS and NCR Corporation. The economy of Georgia is diverse ranging from the growing film industry, to core industries like logistics and transportation, poultry and agricultural products, financial services including banking, insurance, and payment processing companies, and textile manufacturing. There are some aspects of the Georgia economy that are unique to different regions of our state. For example, the floor covering and carpet industry is dominant in the northwest corner of Georgia. Poultry is the state’s top agricultural product and much of the growing and processing of livestock occurs in the northeast part of the state. If you traveled through the southeast part of the state, you would see lots of activity related to timber and wood products as well as the state’s growing blueberry industry and famous Vidalia™ onions. The coast of Georgia is home to one of the busiest ports on the east coast with major terminals in Savannah and Brunswick. Southwest Georgia is home to a variety of manufacturing and agricultural related industries. Small business and entrepreneurs are found across all industry sectors and regions of state. Georgia is also home to several large military bases including Fort Benning and Fort Stewart and Air Force bases in Warner Robins and Valdosta. A Marine Corps Logistics Base is located in Albany and the US Army Cyber Command is at Fort Gordon in Augusta.The diversity and business friendly climate of Georgia’s economy makes the state attractive to new investment and more resilient to economic shocks.
Economics
Suburban metro counties had the highest median household income in 2015–19
Median household income increased 9.2% in Georgia from $51,842 in 2010 to $56,628 in 2019.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (5-Year Estimates).
Asian and White people were the least likely to have income below poverty in the past 12 months in 2015–19.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (5-Year Estimates).
10.3%
11.3%
21.5%
22.6%
22.9%
Asian
White
Black or African American
Other
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
While poverty diminished in much of the state after the great recession, north Georgia, metro Atlanta, and the coast recovered more quickly.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates.
The poverty threshold for a family of 4 in 2010 was
$22,314
The poverty threshold for a family of 4 in 2019 was
$26,172
For more information about demographic, education, and economic changes in Georgia go tohttps://georgiadata.org/topics
Institute of Government contacts:David Tanner, Associate Director, [email protected] Wilson, Workforce and Economic Analysis, [email protected]