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Geophysics Case Study: India, the Himalayas and Tibet
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7/23/2019 Geophysics Case Study: India, the Himalayas and
Tibet
1/7
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7/23/2019 Geophysics Case Study: India, the Himalayas and
Tibet
2/7
g
2 l 7
(l 7)/5
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7/23/2019 Geophysics Case Study: India, the Himalayas and
Tibet
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10 106
Time (sec)
Vp=8.1Vs=4.67
Ps
Dire
ctP
PsSms
PsPms,Pp
Sms,P
sSmp
Pp
Pmp
Pp
Pms,Pp
Smp,PsP
mp
Vp=6.0Vs=3.46
33 Km
35Km
P waveS wave
Direct P
Ps
PpS sm
PpP sm PsS s
m
PsP sm
Surface
Moho
adial receiver
function
Ps
PpPms PpSms + PsPms
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7/23/2019 Geophysics Case Study: India, the Himalayas and
Tibet
4/7
0
20
40
60
80
100
Depth(km)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Distance along section (km)
33.23.4
3.4
3.4
3.63.8
44.2
4.4
0
5
Elv(km)
C1 C2
ou orKKFBNS
STD IZSMCTMFTMBTLhasa TerraneTHHimalayasIndian Foreland
Basin
2 .0 2 .2 2 .4 2 .6 2 .8 3 .0 3 .2 3 .4 3 .6 3 .8 4 .0 4 .2 4 .4
4 .6 4 .8 5 .0
km/s
-
7/23/2019 Geophysics Case Study: India, the Himalayas and
Tibet
5/7
crust
upper mantle
surface
Moho
Sn Sn
Sn
Sn Sn
Sn Sn Sn
-
7/23/2019 Geophysics Case Study: India, the Himalayas and
Tibet
6/7
seismographs
earthquake
76
76
80
80
84
84
88
88
92
92
96
96
100
100
28 28
32 32
36 36
40 40
76
76
80
80
84
84
88
88
92
92
96
96
100
100
28 28
32 32
36 36
40 40
76
76
80
80
84
84
88
88
92
92
96
96
100
100
28 28
32 32
36 36
40 40
76
76
80
80
84
84
88
88
92
92
96
96
100
100
28 28
32 32
36 36
40 40
76
76
80
80
84
84
88
88
92
92
96
96
100
100
28 28
32 32
36 36
40 40
76
76
80
80
84
84
88
88
92
92
96
96
100
100
28 28
32 32
36 36
40 40
76
76
80
80
84
84
88
88
92
92
96
96
100
100
28 28
32 32
36 36
40 40
76
76
80
80
84
84
88
88
92
92
96
96
100
100
28 28
32 32
36 36
40 40
A
A
B
B
C
C
AA XC (1991), XR (1994), X4 (20072009)BB XR (19981999)
CC XF (20022005)
A A
BBC C
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7/23/2019 Geophysics Case Study: India, the Himalayas and
Tibet
7/7
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
0
50
100
150
200
250
150.
90. 60.
40. 20. 10. 0.
Temperature, deg C
Depth,
km
0.
40.
80.
120.
160.
200.
240.
1400
1150
900
650
400
150
0. 20. 40. 60. 80. 100. 120. 140.
Age, Ma
Depth,
km
Tempera
ture(C)
o
Temperature ( C)o
Depth(km)
De
pth(km)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Age (Ma)
by thrusting (2x)
crustal thickening
crust
lithospheric
mantle
Thermal evolution of the lithosphere
