Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Geology Today
Geoscience graduate reunion April 30 2012
Guyot Hall
Moderator: Blair Schoene (Asst. Prof. Geosciences) Panelists: Lisa Pra: (*82), John Shaw (*93), Chris Andronicos (*99)
Volcanism exGncGon environment
Geology = mulGdisciplinary
Schoene et al., 2010a
Geology = field work
Geology = analyGcal
Geochronology comes (back) to Guyot
Schoene et al., 2010a
Panel Discussion
What is the role of !eldwork in modern Geology research and education?
How has the digital revolution changed the !eld of Geology? Or, Did your Princeton geological education prepare you for the rapid rate of change in science driven by technology?
How can geology as a discipline be more successful at recruiting under-represented groups?
What social, ethical or educational responsibilities do geologists have in society (if any)? How has this been, and how can it now be, incorporated into a Princeton Geology education?
Lisa Pratt (*82)
Rio Grande RiT, 1976 Van Houten Symposium, 1985
John Shaw (*93)
Chris Andronicos (*99)
In his PhD field area, the coast mountain batholith, BriGsh Columbia
Lisa Pratt (*82)
Rio Grande RiT, 1976 Van Houten Symposium, 1985
Al Fischer in 1978 at the Cenomanian-‐Turonian boundary near Pueblo, Colorado
Drilling in 1979
Rhythmic beds of limestone, marlstone, black shale
ApGan-‐Albian near Piobbico , Italy
Drilling in 1982
Winnie and Al celebraGng the joy of field work.
Working with Tullis Onsto: to obtain samples of cells, membrane lipids, and DNA in deep ground water, South Africa
Sulfate producGon rate for powdered pyrite under
gamma radiaGon was 2.1 x 10-‐9 mole m-‐2 year-‐1
Sealed silica tubes showing products of reacGon between pyrite and hydrogen peroxide at moderate temperatures.
RadiolyGc Splibng of Water as Energy for Microbes
CommunicaGon orbiter
MAX-‐C explore and cache
Fetch rover Rocket assent to Mars orbit
Mars Astrobiology Explorer Cacher (MAX-‐C) Looking for evidence of life or prebioGc chemistry in marGan
environment s with high potenGal for habitability and preservaGon.
Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets (ASTEP) Greenland Emission Trace Gases as Analogue for Methane on Mars
(GETGAMM)
IniGal methane survey in 2011 using open-‐path laser
Instrumented Field Campaign involving Indiana University, Princeton University, Goddard Space Flight Center, Honeybee
RoboGcs, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2012 NASA budget cuts
Mars Program Planning Group
Find less costly ways to make progress on sample return
Dark seasonal streaks in equator-‐facing, southern hemisphere craters, image from HiRISE on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
John Shaw (*93)
Nature of fault & fold systems in the Earth’s crust Prof. John H. Shaw (*93) -‐ Harvard University
CriGcal taper wedge mechanics
Fault-‐related folding
Geologic & geophysical data that helps constrain fault geometry & acGvity Applications to earthquake science and hazard assessment
Raymond fault, Los Angeles, CA
All of these data are integrated to define the geometry, slip history, and paleoearthquake history of active fault systems
Seismic profiles (1), wells (2), geologic data (3), and cross secGons (4) are assembled and geo-‐referenced.
Plesch et al., (2007)
Raymond fault, Los Angeles, CA
Community Fault Model (CFM) for southern California
Plesch et al., (2007)
• basis for probabilisGc hazards assessment
• constrain crustal deformaGon models
• finite source simulaGons and strong ground moGon predicGon
Geologically informed mechanical models assist in trap and reservoir characterizaGon
Applications to energy exploration
Well distribuGon Fracture distribuGon
high low
Sweet spot Poor performance
Early Devonian (400Ma)
Blakey, NAU, 2011
High (contrac:on)
low High (expansion)
Production rates (radius of spindle) correlate with rock strains
Shale gas Chesapeake shale gas rig Towanda, Pennsylvania
Chris Andronicos (*99)
In his PhD field area, the coast mountain batholith, BriGsh Columbia
What is my science?
• I study the origin and evoluGon of the earth’s outer most layers: – The crust
• Oceanic • ConGnental
– Mantle Lithosphere
What are the processes that control the major physiographic features of Earth?
• Oceanic crust is made of the mostly of basalt, a rock rich in iron and magnesium, and with moderate to low amounts of SiO2. – This is a dense rock, so it sits at lower elevaGons. – MelGng in the earth’s mantle always makes basalt
• The conGnental crust is made of many different kinds of rocks, but has the average composiGon of andesite. Andesite contains more more SiO2, is enriched in Ca, Na and K relaGve to Basalt. – This is makes less dense rock, so it floats higher on the mantle.
– Andesite are made mainly at conGnental margin mountain ranges like the Andes Mountains in South America
TECTONICS -‐ Greek for “builder” -‐-‐ tekton
basalt
basalt
Andesite
Research Approach
• Go to places where you can observe the rocks that record the formaGon of oceanic and conGnental crust.
• Oceanic Crust – Mid-‐ocean ridges – “Ophiolites”
• ConGnental crust – ConGnental Arcs – Mountain belts
Panel Discussion
What is the role of !eldwork in modern Geology research and education?
How has the digital revolution changed the !eld of Geolgy? Or, Did your Princeton geological education prepare you for the rapid rate of change in science driver by technology?
What social, ethical or educational responsibilities do geologists have in society (if any)? How has this been, and how can it now be, incorporated into a Princeton Geology education?
How can geology as a discipline be more successful at recruiting under-represented groups?
Panel Discussion
What is the role of !eldwork in modern Geology research and education?
Panel Discussion
How has the digital revolution changed the !eld of Geology? Or, Did your Princeton geological education prepare you for the rapid rate of change in science driven by technology?
Panel Discussion
How can geology as a discipline be more successful at recruiting under-represented groups?
Panel Discussion
What social, ethical or educational responsibilities do geologists have in society (if any)? How has this been, and how can it now be, incorporated into a Princeton Geology education?
Geology Today
Geology Today
