GeoInfo in DM.ppt

7/28/2019 GeoInfo in DM.ppt

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Geo informatics

Dr. Mukta Girdhar

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Geo informatics includes:

Remote Sensing(RS)Geographic Information System (GIS)

Global Positioning System (GPS)


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REMOTE SENSINGEarth observation from space can provide information to meet

meteorological needs, Resources Mapping, monitoring requirements and

sustainable development

-INSAT Satellite

-IRS Satellite

RemoteSensing is not alien to human beings. They make use of it in

their daily life. The three essential components of a remote sensing

system are inbuilt in every human being.

Non contact Sensors: Eye, ear and nose

Platform: Human body

Data acquisition and processing: Brain

Eyes respond to the electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) in the visible

spectrum of 0.4 to 0.7 and enable three dimensional visualization of

our surroundings.


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Uses of Remote Sensing in Disaster Management

Identify hazard and risk modeling of tsunamis,

hurricanes, earthquakes and disease pandemics etc.

Models of extreme oceanic, land and atmospheric

phenomena as well as pandemic outbreaks

Remote sensing based early warning systems for natural

disasters such as tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes,

floods, etc, when other network fails.

Satellite and/or airborne observations of extreme natural

events in support of disaster response

Damage and loss assessment using satellites and airborne

sensors for different disasters.


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Geographic Information System (GIS)

GIS is a system of hardware and software used for

storage, retrieval, mapping, and analysis of geographicdata. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as

including the operating personnel and the data that go

into the system. Spatial features are stored in a

coordinate system (latitude/longitude, state plane, UTM,

etc.), which references a particular place on the earth.


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GIS comes into the pictureWe know that any planning and managementprocess requires data as a support to takedecision. If the data is on paper or even in

computers in tabular format, it cant be asuseful as data represented on mapsbecausethis can enable us to create various thematicanalyses ad hoc.

It is said thatA Picture is worth a Thousand Words


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The GPS (Global Positioning System) is a "constellation" of24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the Earth and make itpossible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint theirgeographic location. The location accuracy is anywhere from100 to 10 meters for most equipment.

This is the only system today able to show your exactposition on the earth any where, in any weather

Where I am ?

How do I get to my destination?

Global Positioning System (GPS)Global Positioning System (GPS)


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Global Positioning System

Your location is:

17o23.323 N

78o32.162 E

532.456 m


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Disaster Management Cycle

Identification & Planning

Mitigation

Preparedness

Response

Recovery


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GIS in Disaster Relief / management

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Disaster Planning

Predicting The risk of event

Impact of event:

- Human Life- Property

- Environment

Response requirement study / Preparedness Alternate / Best route for sending relief

Evacuation routes

Protection needs Identifying affected vegetation in wildfire

Reinforcement of structures in case of earthquakes

Evacuation center development

( Earthquake, Landslides, Floods, Manmade Disaster.....)
http://e/Preparedness.avihttp://e/Preparedness.avi


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GIS in Disaster Relief / management

Modeling & simulation (using GIS) Visualize the scope of disaster

High risk prone areas

Lives & property at higher risk

Response resources

Modeling Disaster assistance center

Number of people affected Availability of shelter facilities

Essential & affective preparedness

Communication Tools

Training Tools

Records management Post Disaster claims

Status of repairs

Staffing & organizing

Report generation

Visualization

Display damaged & unsafe structures


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Service Areas

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Fire Management System, Delhi

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Buildup area of Delhi.


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C.P. Area


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Fire stations


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Hospitals


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Police stations


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23Road Network

Major Roads

Minor roads

Bye lanes


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Water tanks


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Open/Greenareas


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All layers merged


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Focus Area:- C.P.


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3d Visualisations


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Development of the model (Fire support system)

The model is able to analyse the following queries.

1. Display information of various fire safety parameters of the affected

building.

2. Calculating point to point distances.

3. Analysing the nearest feature of interest with respect to the affectedarea.

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Database development:To develop a database on:-1. High rise buildings (initially for C.P.)

2. Fire stations.

3. Nearby hospitals.

4. Water tanks

5. Police stations.

6. Road network.7. Park/Open areas.(For rehabilitation)

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(1.) Instant display of the information

Info tool


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Display of the attributeBy placing the cursor on the affected building


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Instant display of all theInformation attached


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Plan of the constructionof the affected building


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2. Analysing the nearest

feature of interest

with respect to the affected area.


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Advantages of the system Instant display of all the fire safety parameters of the

concerned building.

Shortest route to the scene of incident.

Nearest fire station, hospitals, water tank etc.

Efficient management of resources available at thenearest fire stations.

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Preparation of a GIS based

inventory of hospitals

capable of handling of masscasualty in any eventuality


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The study undertaken included 62 hospitals with a total bed capacity of 13,739

beds with a mean of 193 beds and median of 60.5 to make an database on GIS

problem. All the CATS units were geocoded along with their base hospital units

and location and analysis was done .

The various buffers generated at different pre-determined distances were

analysed using buffers around the venue with respect to the CATS units and

hospitals facilities reflected the spatial inequality and the existing facilities where

affected can be mobilized effectively after Incident on site triage. The localization

of CATS at strategic locations can effectively minimize the response timings. Also

it is prudent to cluster the CATS units in a standard operating

procedure which is dynamic and evidence based rather than on basis of

assumptions and primary reflections of CATS team. The effectiveness of poolingin hospital ambulance units (dispatch units ) and synchronization with CATS can

yield very good results.

Defined input layers and attributes: Hospitals


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p y p

1.


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Defined input layers and attributes:

CATS Units

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Buffer at 500 meters

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Buffer zone at one km around the

venue

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List of hospitals in 2 Km buffer zone

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Buffer zone at Five kms around thevenue- List of Hospitals

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Spatial Reach; CATS at 3 km buffer

zone

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Spatial Reach; CATS at 3 km buffer

zone

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Buffer at 5 Km with Hosp & CATS

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The creation of data base of hospitals and contingent facilities need to be not only

geocoded but up-linked with web and updated periodically with hospital information

system to enable real time data analysis and retrieval. A possible GPS link up of CATS And

other ambulances in cluster if can be integrated together than a coordinated and effective

response mechanism would be a reality.

The buffer at one kilometer included only three hospitals and five CATS units. While

a total of 15 hospitals were found to be located in the buffer zone at two kilometreswith a bed capacity of 5955 and 9 hospitals having dedicated burns units with a mean

ambulance availability of 2.8. Although seven CATS units were located in the zone but

they were found clustered. The evidence of spatial modeling and decision making

was obvious here as the analysis showed that if CATS unit is stationed at Khel gaon

Marg , it could cater to DLTA, JLN stadia and Sirifort games complex.


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In the buffer zone at three kilometers, there were 33 hospitals with dedicated burns facility

in 19 with a mean of 301 beds and 16 CATS units . In addition to 2 km buffer segments

18 additional hospitals with a bed strength of 3944 were included in the zone.Three km buffer showed optimum response capabilities with few spatial hurdles which

could be rectified by changing the locations of the CATS units.

The spatial accessibility in this zone is better at Jawaharlal Nehru stadium

and RK khanna stadium with AIIMS & PSRI within reach respectively which

are both multi speciality hospitals capable of handling mass casualty with adequate care.

In addition to zone 3km , 5km buffer zone provides additional bed capacity of 1926

beds with mean of 143 and median of 70 with the coverage of three major multispeciality trauma and burns center. Even at 5km range the major response center

Of Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital remains elusive to Major Common Wealth Games site.

The central question of the study has been to address the spatial inequity in hospital

resources and response capability in the event of mass casualty. Poor locational decisions

are one of the important resons for poor access to health services. The locations of healthinfrastructure becomes crucial in times mass casulty, as the first responders have the

limitation of administering first aid in terms of standard guidelines.

Linkages to Mass Casualty Management


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Linkages to Mass Casualty Management

These events are complex, difficult to manage and require the involvement of many

agencies, many of which seldom work together outside a particular emergency. Preparingfor such events requires uncommon levels of collaboration, preparedness, and timely ability

to create a common vision of the what,where, and how that will guide effective

response. Of all the emergency events that remain most illusive to the first responder

community, bioterrorism is likely one of the most difficult to prepare for, protect against,

and respond to effectively.The agencies involved includes:

Hospital emergency departmentLaw enforcement department

Transportation services

Fire services

Medical and surgical facilities

Pharmacies

Public works departments

Public health agencies

Central health agencies

State public health agencies


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The major hurdles as recognised in the planning of a mass casualty response

are the overwhelming proportions, no/minimal facilities for triage, poor

emergency support network and a perennial resources crunch. Inevitably theability to manage such a situation is dependent on the existing infrastructure and

existing trauma and critical care systems in the affected area.

Similarly well tested emergency preparedness and response plans are necessary.

To reduce mortality and morbidity in the first hours and days following a disaster,local response capability and infrastructure management must be strengthened to

ensure the best outcomes for those severely injured in an event. And the

replicability of SDI and GIS platform as also the assistance for timely

interventions increases manifolds if above scientific platforms are used. As it can

provide assistance in mobilizing optimal resources, routing patients to the most

nearest and capable facility and provide a logical framework for Tier I and Tier IIworkers and law enforcement agencies.


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Bhiwani District- Haryana

Dengue fever (DF)


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Dengue fever (DF)


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The data collected through personal interviews from both dengueaffected samples

(DAS) and unaffected samples (UAS). Findings indicated that out of sixty

socioeconomic and socio-cultural variables, only sixteen were co-related significantly

with Dengue. These sixteen variables were used in the stepwise regression model;

only eight variables, namely, frequency of days of cleaning of water storage

containers, housing pattern, use of evaporation cooler, frequency of cleaning of

evaporation cooler, protection of water storage containers, mosquito protection

measures, frequency of water supply and waste disposal made a Dengue risk levels

associated with social and cultural parameters in Jalore significant contribution to

the incidences of DF/DHF/DSS. The geographical information system (GIS) has

been used to link the spatial and significant socio-cultural indicators with the

disease data. Using factorial discriminate analysis and spatial modeling with these

eight socio-cultural indicators, five classes of risk categories ranging from very

low to very high were identified based on the analysis of socio -cultural practices

adopted by DAS and UAS and from the application of GIS. Below figure shows the


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Malaria Mapping in Belize


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Malaria Mapping in Belize

This image taken over San Pedro, Belize, by a Landsat

satellite, shows the distribution of malaria cases in the

area. The yellow and orange dots show where most

outbreaks occurred per household. The vegetation in thesurrounding countryside is colored red in this image,

while human settlements and roads are light blue. (Image

courtesy Uniformed Health Services)


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Web - GIS applications inDisaster Management :

application to the Tsunami

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Next few slides show the creation of

base maps and showing different

features in different layers

A base map showing

th t l i


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the coastal region.Villages shown in Red are

the most affected

ones because they are about

5 km away from the coast.

Villages shown in Blue

can provide help to the affected

region as they lie within

5 to 10 km belt from the coast.

Map-Querying, ad-hoc, on-line


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Important information of the

map objects can be

instantly accessed by placing

the cursor on the objects.

Categorizing Villages


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Possible Shelters


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Hospitals and medical facilities


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Hospitals and medical facilities

Point-and-Clickshows the medical


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shows the medical

balance.

Before the event,

only the resources

would be shown. Afterthe event we would

update the Patients

field. More points

would be added as and

when emergencyclinics and First Aid

posts are set up.


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The 2x2 km grid


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cells give an idea of

the geographical

distribution ofPopulation. (Gives

an idea of the

potential number of

refugees.)(map created using the GC-GeoMiner module; size of grid is upto the user)


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Over-served and under-

served areas. (In this case for

Medical centres - we need

some more emergency

clinics.) The same analysis

could be done for Food

godowns and distribution

centres, etc.


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A 1 km Buffer Zone

around Creeks / riverbeds; locations

requiring study


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59 Villages are found

to be in the 1 km x 12

km buffer up the river

beds.

Hosting the maps on the Internet


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Hosting the maps on the Internet

A Web GIS


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Need ofWeb GIS in Disaster management Accessibility and dissemination of timely and accurate

information Centralized Control: A web GIS can disseminate informatio

from a control room which can reach everyone. Authenticit

and accuracy are guaranteed.

Only one map needs to be maintained at the server.

Changes made in the map are reflected everywhere

No need for a GIS Software with the users

No need for training the users in GIS

Instant Feedback and updation: The current status can be

updated from moment to momentWeb-based GIS play a vital role in this aspect providing timely and right information

to the concerned people and the emergency managers for taking necessary actions

Maps on a web browser ona Palmtop


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a Palmtop

These pictures show a simulated GeoConcept

Pocket GIS working on the Compaq palmtop. We are,

however, recommending that the palmtop be used with

only a browser.

The base-map. Each button is labelled.Clicking on it will bring up a specific map


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Clicking on it will bring up a specific map.

Result of pressing theMedical Facility button


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Medical Facility button

Service Area of a Hospital


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We spelled out the name of a

village; the map was re-centred on

that village; we clicked on it and the

attribute-data appears below.

Quick Navigation on themap


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map

Various positions on the map can

be saved which can be accessed

with a single mouse click

Viewing a map atdifferent zoom levels : More


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different zoom levels : Morefeatures may appear as you zoom

in.

Possible Shelters


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The High

Schools, Middle

Schools etc. andother Pucca

constructions can

be identified.

They can be

potential shelters.

Villages which are far fromthe coast might still beaffected because they are


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affected because they arenear the rivers.A 1-Km buffer on each sideof the river bed.

Showing the Population density byusing a Grid can be useful in

identifying what are likely to be the


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worst-affected areas

These areas are

densely populated and

are very near the

coastline


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The slides shown are only a few examples of using GIS

especially WEB-GIS - in Disaster Management with

special reference to Cyclones and the Tsunami. A similarcase could be made for GIS-aided management of other

natural disasters, such as Earthquakes and monsoon

flooding.

Effective use of GIS in advance of any actual event

enables one to plan the pre-deployment of things in the

right place telecom equipment, shelters, medicine,

jeeps; also to micro-manage information in the post-

disaster period - identify the most vulnerable locations;

direct traffic onto the routes that are open, etc.; and finally

to provide monitoring and evaluation support in the long-

term for rehabilitation.

Objective:


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Develop a Geospatial system to

meet the operational requirements of

different users involved in relief &

rescue, flood management and long

term flood control measures.

Functionalities: Access & update the spatial database;

Analysis of flood event;

Generate statistics and outputs for

presentation of flood information;

Facilitating Simple & complex queries.

Outputs:

Overview/regional inundation map;

Relief support inundation map;

Breach & embankment location map;

Seasonal flood summary;

Brief flood report with Hydrologic status.


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Base map

Land use map

Settlements

Road & Rail network

Flood inundation map

. ..

Damage information system

Main window with Navigation and Identify Tools


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Main window with Navigation and Identify Tools


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g y

Secured Logging for Data Management


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Secured Logging for Data Management

Authorized Data Viewing, Append and Update facility


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g, pp p y

Overview inundation Map


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Regional inundation Map


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Regional inundation Map

Relief support inundation map


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Targeting and Reaching out..

PUNJAB & HARYANA FLOODS 2010
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Bihar_floods_Delay_in_relief_triggers_food_riots/articleshow/3431348.cms


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PUNJAB & HARYANA FLOODS - 2010

Heavy torrential rain during the first week of July have Lashed

many parts of Haryana region, flooding lowlying areas . Ambala

and Kurukshetra districts were worst effected by floods. Most

rivers including seasonal Tangri, Ghaggar and Beng were reportedto be in spate. Several villages of Kurukshetra and Ambala districts

have been marooned in deep water due to a 100-feet breach in

Sutiej - Yamuna Link (SYL) canal at Gulabgarh village.

The Ghaggar innundated more villages due to its breaches at

several places .


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2005


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Flooding in Mozambique


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(2000)


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This pair of images from Landsat 7 shows the incredible

amount of flooding that occurred in March of 2000 in

Mozambique. A month of rains and two cyclones caused

the Limpopo River to swell to 80 km wide in places.Several hundred people were killed, and over a million

were forced from their homes. (Image courtesy of NASA)


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Components of Delhi Project
http://snellaa.com/images/2f1.gifhttp://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cabsa.co.za/Prisma/j0303484.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.cabsa.co.za/newsite/DisplayPage.asp%3FId%3D112&usg=___7Aj5iC6R4hrlmzevuHP7WT8GUc=&h=83&w=90&sz=16&hl=en&start=84&tbnid=8x8dIqIZz1GCdM:&tbnh=72&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dproject%2BPlanning%2B%2526%2BMobilisation%26imgtype%3Dclipart%26as_st%3Dy%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D80http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcgiconsulting.bc.ca/web/images/gallery/puzzle1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.pcgiconsulting.bc.ca/web/DesktopDefault.aspx%3Ftabindex%3D0%26tabid%3D262&usg=__D-C-5S-FBok6rg5bty8SREfgIqc=&h=88&w=143&sz=4&hl=en&start=128&tbnid=aXKkh3uT93tAHM:&tbnh=58&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3DRequirement%2BAnalysis%26imgtype%3Dclipart%26as_st%3Dy%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D120http://sheqconsulting.co.za/images/kk.jpghttp://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://w10.naukri.com/jg/atrenta/gifs/animcomp.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.naukrionline.com/jg/atrenta/career.htm&usg=__xzgjpcErc_y381JTC6vKCrGw5pg=&h=68&w=112&sz=7&hl=en&start=211&tbnid=gE1yaWRpApeV2M:&tbnh=52&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDesign%2B%2526%2BPrototyping%26imgtype%3Dclipart%26as_st%3Dy%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D200http://crisys.cs.umn.edu/images/test-header.gifhttp://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.emprower.com/images/Teamwork2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.emprower.com/solutions.html&usg=__RS4SMl1gkagzsRF7VVtwP-2xp7A=&h=300&w=300&sz=233&hl=en&start=37&tbnid=0RhAKUFHfAWtcM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dimplementation%26imgtype%3Dclipart%26as_st%3Dy%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mhtc.net/~mcguirer/webquest/images/puzzled.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.mhtc.net/~mcguirer/webquest/credits.htm&usg=__b1crGdffdrLj-z55Ew2Y_zGbE98=&h=429&w=466&sz=9&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=8MdZAn25WVyMIM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3DEvaluation%26imgtype%3Dclipart%26as_st%3Dy%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.watchworx.co.uk/images/webGraphics/frontImages/125Deployments/AutoDep-3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.watchworx.co.uk/pages/access/deploy.html&usg=__WgcSWqhzqhkJQh3ZHM1WDpkv-aM=&h=89&w=125&sz=21&hl=en&start=70&tbnid=i9NtYo4btxLeuM:&tbnh=64&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDeployment%26imgtype%3Dclipart%26as_st%3Dy%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D60


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Delhi

SDI

PROJECT

COMPONENT A:

GPS Control, Aero Triangulation

/Digital Elevation

Model/Orthophoto

COMPONENT C :

PRIMARY DATA CAPTURE

3D Mapping, Property Survey, Utility

Survey, UIS & LIS

COMPONENT B :

SYSTEM DESIGN/

INTEGRATION

Database schema,

10 Monitoring Centers,

2 Control Centers, DSSDI

Geoportal, Training

COMPONENT D :

3D GIS

3D Topology,

Texturing, 3D

Visualisation, GIS

Application

Components of Delhi Project

Application Developmentfor Line Departments


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Metadata Creation

Property Survey

Attribute Data Attachment

Survey

Requirement analysis

Database Design Document

Utility SurveyPhotogrammetric

Survey

Spatial Data Generation - Categories

Field Validation

Application Development

for Line Departments

Cadastre

Hydrography

HypsographyImages

DEM

Framework

Boundary

Building

Transportation

Utility

Land Use

Census of India

Commonwealth Games Delhi 2010

Delhi Development Authority

Delhi Disaster Management Authority

Delhi Fire Services

Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System Limited

Delhi Jal Board

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.

Delhi Police

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi State Industry & Infrastructure Dev. Corp. Ltd.

Delhi Tourism & Transport Dev Corporation Ltd.

Delhi Transco Limited

Delhi Transport Corporation

Department of Forests

Department of Health & Family Welfare

Department of Irrigation & Flood Control

Department of Trade and Taxes

Directorate of Education

Excise Entertainment and Luxury Tax Department

Indraprastha Gas Limited Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd

Municipal Corporation of Delhi

New Delhi Municipal Council

North Delhi Power Limited

Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Delhi

Office of the Labour Commissioner

Public Works Department

Revenue Department

Yamuna & Rajdhani BSES Power Limited

Line

Depts.

DSSDI - Generic Applications Details for Line

Departments of GNCTD


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Departments of GNCTDLine Department

Login

Map

Navigation

Query Analysis Report

Query Builder

Department

Specific Query

HelpAttribute

Update

Proximity

Analysis

Spatial

Analysis

Network

Analysis

Map

Classification

Address

Locator

Planning &

Monitoring


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DESERTIFICATION STATUS MAP


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4/4/2013 112


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4/4/2013 113

ORISSA CYCLONE, 1999


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ORISSA CYCLONE, 1999

A super-cyclone hit Orissa on 29.10.99

12 Districts Affected

About 10,000 killed

12.6 million people affected

1.2 million houses damaged

3.55 lakh cattle lost

SUPER CYCLONEOVER ORISSA

28 Oct-3gmt

28 Oct-6gmt

28 Oct-9gmt

29 Oct-3gmt

29 Oct-6gmt

29 Oct-9gmt

30 Oct-3gmt

30 Oct-6gmt

30 Oct-9gmt


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INSAT IMAGESSHOWING THECYCLONE MOVEMENTDURING 28 OCT TO30 OCT, 1999

...AND THE AFTERMATHNEARLY 3.75 LAKH Ha. INUNDATED

ROAD, POWER AND COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS SEVERELY AFFECTED IN 10

COASTAL DISTRICTS

OVER ORISSACOAST


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POST-CYCLONE SATELLITE DATA02 Nov,1999 04 Nov,1999 05 Nov,1999


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11708 Nov,1999 11 Nov,1999 13 Nov,1999

Radarsat Radarsat IRS-1D WiFS

IRS-1D WiFS IRS-1D WiFS IRS-1C WiFS


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Communication


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Earth Observation Satellite Communication

Disaster Education Health

Met DataUtilization

DisasterWarning

Flood mapDroughtBulletin

Local Nodes

Relief Agencies

Hurricane Katrina (August 2005)


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Hurricane Katrina (August 2005)

Began as tropical depression in central Bahamas

afternoon of 23 August 2005. Made landfall along SEcoast of Florida evening of 25th as Category 1 hurricane.

Regained hurricane status after emerging into Gulf of

Mexico, becoming Category 1 storm morning of 26th of

August. Conditions in Gulf were favorable for Katrinato intensify.

Evening of 26th, Katrina was Category 2 storm and

continued to move slowly W-SW in southeastern Gulf of

Mexico.

Morning of 27th, Katrina became Category 3 storm with

maximum sustained winds of 100 knots (115 mph).

Hurricane Katrina from


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TRMM (#1)

Hurricane Katrina from TRMM (#1)


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This first image was taken at 03:24 UTC 28 August

2005 (11:24 pm EDT 27 August) just as Katrina wasabout to become a Category 4 hurricane in the centralGulf of Mexico. The image reveals the horizontaldistribution of rain intensity within Katrina as obtainedfrom TRMM's sensors. Rain rates in the central portionof the swath are from TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR).PR is able to provide fine resolution rainfall data anddetails on the storm's vertical structure. Rain rates in theouter swath are from the TRMM Microwave Imager

(TMI). The rain rates are overlaid on infrared (IR) datafrom the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS).TRMM reveals that Katrina has a closed eye surrounded

by concentric rings of heavy rain (red areas) that areassociated with outer rain bands.



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TRMM (#2)



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The second image was taken at the same time as the

first image and shows a 3D perspective of Katrina witha cut-away view through the eye of the storm. Thevertical height is determined by the height of

precipitation-sized particles as measured by theTRMM PR. Two isolated tall towers (in red) arevisible: one in an outer rain band and the other in thenortheastern part of the eyewall. This area of deepconvection in the eyewall is associated with the area ofintense rainfall in the eyewall. The height of the

eyewall tower is 16 km. Towers this tall near the coreare often an indication of intensification as was truewith Katrina, which became a Category 4 storm soonafter this image was taken.



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TRMM (#3)



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u ca e a a o (#3)

The final image was taken at 02:29 UTC August 29th

(9:29 pm CDT August 28). The center of Katrina doesnot fall within the PR swath in this image. However,the large eye of the storm is clearly visible using TMI

by the large ring of moderate intensity rain, (green

annulus). The first outer rain bands with embeddedareas of heavy rain (red areas) are already impactingthe coast in southeastern Louisiana. At the time ofthis image, Katrina was at Category 5 intensity withmaximum sustained winds measured at 140 knots

(161 mph) by NHC. Katrina initially made landfall at6:10 am CDT along the Mississippi delta as a strongCategory 4 storm. (TRMM Imagery by

NASA/JAXA)


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KOSI FLOODS BIHAR


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Significant portion of theKosi (75%) is flowingThrough embankment

Around 25% in the mainchannel

The Current flow of the riverafter the embankmentbreach is following the oldcourse of 1926

-2008

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Image credit: Joint Typhoon WarningCenter. Storm summary: Rob Gutro,Goddard Space Flight Center.

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CHANGING NATURE OF FLOODPLAINS

Floodplains are neither static nor stable.


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Composed of unconsolidated sediments, they are rapidly

eroded during floods and

High flows of water, or they may be the site on which new

layers of mud, sand, and silt are deposited.


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IRS-1D LISS-III + PAN merged data of 08-Sep-03

A Close View of Embankment Breaches in part of Puri District


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g p

These LISS-III, PAN merged images show the breaches in embankments of Daya

River, a distributary of Mahanadi, near Pipli area in Puri district. Affected roads can

also be seen in the image.

Affected Road

Breach

Orissa Floods - 2007

Floods hit Orissa due to heavy rains in Orissa state during first week of July

2007 due to depression in Bay of Bengal.


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IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 24-Mar-06 IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 08-July-07

Flood Inundation

PRE-FLOOD DURING FLOOD

Rivers Subarnarekha and Baitarini were in spate. Subarnarekha had

crossed its previous HFL on 7th July 07

The worst affected districts were Balasore, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Keonjhar and

Mayurbanj

Bhadrak

Jajpur

Kendrapara

Balasore

Keonjhar

Flood Recedence in part of Khammam District, AP State

Flood Image Flood RecedenceFlood Image


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Flood

Inundation

IRS-P6 LISS-III Image of 08-Jul-06

Flood Image Flood Recedence

IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 07-Jul-06

Flood Image

Flood Recession

Flood Inundation as on 08-Jul-06

River course

Flood

Inundation

Barmer Floods-2006

Village boundaries overlaid on IRS LISS 3 data


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Village boundaries overlaid on IRS LISS 3 data

Water spread as on 5th September and 15th September, 2006Kawas Uttarlai Malwa


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14.83 sq km17.25 sq km

19.53 sq km19.64 sq km

3.95 sq k4.66 sq km


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17.01.9817.05.98 08.10.98

False color composites


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Vegetation Index - NDVI


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145


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Synoptic & Close View

of

Rockslide Around

Ghingran Uttaranchal

Recent Landslides in Uttarakhand


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Year Place Death

1998,

12-18th August

Malpa, Pithoragarh

district

210

1998,

12th August

Okhimath, Rudraprayag

district

107

2002,

10 -11th August

Ghansyali Tehsil, Tehri-

Garhwal

29

2003,Sept-Oct

Uttarakashi

2004,

1-6th July

Chamoli District 25


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Landslide Lake in Tibet Floods India

R hl ft


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Roughly a year after

forming behind a landslide

dam, the lake on thePareechu River in Tibet

began to drain on June 26,

2005. Water and mud gushed

down the Pareechu River into

the Sutlej, the major river thatflows through Indias

Himachal Pradesh state.

Thousands were evacuated

from the banks of the Sutlej,

and though several bridgesand buildings were damaged

or destroyed, no injuries were

reported in the flood,

according to news reports.

Uttarkashi Landslide

Already predicted in 2002


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IRS-LISS-III images taken before and after Varunavat landslide in 2003

Varunavat Landslide, Uttarkashi IRS-PAN image

Landslides in the Alkananda valley

Sliding started in Sept

2003

Continues till date

Property loss over 300crores

No lives lost

Questions ???

Is it related to Earthquakein 1991, 1999 and in recenttimes

A case study from Sikkim Himalayas


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SEWAGESC G


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MUMBAI CITY

SEWAGEDISCHARGE IN

MAHIM BAY

DISCHARGE

IRS-1D LISS-III IMAGE


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Korangi Mangrove forest near Kakinada


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IRS1D LISS-III AND PAN MERGED IMAGE


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A massive fire broke out at the Indian Oil Corporation depot in SitapuraIndustrial Area of Jaipur on Thursday night. This led to an

uncontrollable fire which engulfed 12 huge tanks.Nearly one lakhkilolitres of fuel, worth Rs 500 crore just burn out. The flames, hadthrown up huge columns of thick, black smoke which blocked sunlight.Officials and firefighters finally decided to wait for the burning fuel toget consumed and for the fire to extinguish by itself, as there seemed tobe no other alternative.An area of 5 km radius had been marked asdanger zone.

29/10/2009


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Map showing location of IOC depot at Jaipur and its adjoining areas


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Area where Fire smoke of IOC depot observed


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Satellite image overlay on land records map


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Forestry


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MODIS-detected real-time fire hot-spot image


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USEM


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USEM


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USEM


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Tsunami Damage

(December 2004)


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(December 2004)

Tsunami Damage


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177

The island of Phuket on the Indian Ocean coast ofThailand is a major tourist destination and was also in the

path of the tsunami that washed ashore on December 26,2004, resulting in a heavy loss of life. These simulatednatural color ASTER images show a 27 kilometer (17-mile) long stretch of coast north of the Phuket airport onDecember 31 (right), along with an image acquired twoyears earlier (left). The changes along the coast areobvious where the vegetation has been stripped away.

These images are being used to create damage assessmentmaps for the U.S. Agency for International Development(USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. Imagecredit: NASA/JPL.


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USEM


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Before & After Disasters

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant


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North of SendaiThis area, which includes Minamisanriku and the

Onagawa nuclear plant, was closest to the epicenter of thequake. In Minamisanriku alone, more than 10,000 people

i i


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are missing

One of the hardest hit, this port town was completely devastated.

Self- Defence Force rescued 32 people around the quay near the

port. More than 4,400 people are sheltered in the town


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Sendai's city center, about 7 miles inland, remainedlargely intact after the quake, but there was massivedamage along the coast. Much of the airport, which is

less than a mile from the water, was also destroyed.


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In this town, search for survivors turned into

a search for bodies. Among the dead are

mostly elderly people. The Natori river heregrew from a sedate flow to a raging wall of

destruction

Japans eastern seashore that faced the fury ofFridays tsunami was left severely damaged.

Settlements were destroyed and farms were washed

away.


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The Arahama area of Sendai witness major havoc. Houses were flattened, green

cover destroyed and the beach washed away.


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Huge quake struck at 2.46pm, An hour later, a vast amount of

water rushed in. The waves did not stop till they had reached

three miles inland. Very few survivors likely.


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In this town, search for survivors turned into a search for bodies.

Among the dead are mostly elderly people. The Natori river here

grew from a sedate flow to a raging wall of destruction.

Yuriage Town


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The tsunami left a trail of devastation,reducing the airport to a water

world. The runway was inundated, aircraft swept away and the

terminal building badly damaged.


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Iwaki area

Whole neighborhoods were in ruin and cars and debriswere piled high around Iwaki.


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Early Tsunami Warning System


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y g y

Basis: Seismological waves move 30to 40 times faster (6 to 8 km per sec.)

than Tsunami waves (0.2 km per sec).

Lead time can be availed to warn

coastal community if quick detection

and rapid communication systems are

established.


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Towards Building Disaster ResilienceDisaster Management Support Programme National Database for

Emergency Mgt.

Hazard Zonation &


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Hazard Zonation &Early Warning

VPN Communications

Decision SupportSystem

Landslide HazardZonation

Cyclone warning

1 Hub at MHA

7 Expert Nodes atNRSA; IMD; CWC;INCOIS; GSI; NIDM; PMO4.5 M Antenna; 4 MbpsBandwidth

22 State EmergencyOperations Centres[SEOCs]1.8 M Antenna

Satellite based VPN for DMS

NIDM

IMD

CWC

PMO

MHA

[NEOC]

Drought Monitoring

Tsunami Response

Working with DoD for

Early Warning

System

Flood Management

Sea Surface Temperature

Land: green pixels show


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Land: green pixels show

where foliage is beingproduced due to

photosynthesis; tan pixels

show little or no productivity.

Ocean: red pixels showwarmer surface temperatures,

while yellows and greens are

intermediate values, and blue

pixels show cold water.

Credit: MODIS Instrument Team, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

Animation produced using 8-day composite of MODIS data acquired daily

over whole globe during first week in April 2000.

What is GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a


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197

Space SegmentControl Segment

User Segment

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

Constellation of Earth-Orbiting Satellites forthe Purpose of Defining Geographic

Positions On and Above the Surface of theEarth.

Examples of GPS Applications

Emergency Sport and Recreation


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198Environmental Issues Fishing

GPS for Disaster Support
http://www.wmi.org/bassfish/lunkers/T28.htm


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G hi I f i S


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Map India 2003 201

Geographic Information Systems

Computer-based methodology for managing andanalyzing geographical data

Correlation between various layers of data

Various perspectives of presentation for effectiveinterpretation and analysis of data


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Map India 2003 202

GPS-GIS integration in fleet management

Real-time Automatic Vehicle Location

Position display on map

Driver and control-room interaction

In-vehicle routing and guidance

Monitoring driver and traffic characteristics

Security systems

GPS Augmentations andGIS Integration


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Map India 2003 203

Differential GPS

Beacons and antennae

GLONASS and Galileo Integration

Precise GIS-based mapsto snap back the obtainedpositions to the correct route

Fleet management


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Map India 2003 204

Public transport and utility fleetsBuses, trams, fire-brigade, police vehicles, ambulances

Tracking in case of accidents, thefts or hijackings

Fleet performance, detection of irregularities

Commercial fleetsSupply of raw materials and finished goods

Operations control in manufacturing

Logistics and SupplyChains


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Map India 2003 205

Dynamic routing and trip

allocation

Prompt supply of raw

material and finished Least storage time at

warehouses

Randomness of transit

times, equipment failuresand driver availability

Disaster Recovery (CaseStudy)


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Map India 2003 206

Ground Zero disaster due to the 9/11 attack

Removal of 1.8 million tonnes of debris

Enormous costs and management problems

Continuing search for human remains and debris testingfor evidence

Total loss of the fiber-optic network

Multiple disposal sites

Case Study - Solution


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Map India 2003 207

y Response center in the American Express building

connected to website server at Minneapolis by a fiber-

optic network.

GPS receivers on trucks capable of triggering alarmson signal loss, tampering, deviation from given route,

unauthorized dumping.

GIS maps displaying equipment status and tunnel

locations for lowering tracking levels

Case Study - Results


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Map India 2003 208

y First time use of GPS-based technology for disaster

recovery by Criticom International Corporation of

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Task accomplished in 8 months Cost $750 million Vs predicted $7 billion

Online access of audit data after closure

Pilot Experiment


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Map India 2003 209

p GPS readings for key landmarks and major roads to

check for signal availability in the IIT campus

Trimble GeoExplorer3 mapping-type hand-heldreceivers used to log data

GPS data processed by Pathfinder Office softwareversion 2.8

GPS data exported to GIS ArcView software version

3.1 to plot colour-gradation of PDOP and HorizontalPrecision values along the route

Pilot Experiment Results


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Map India 2003 210

Pilot Experiment Results (contd.)


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Map India 2003 211

Pilot Experiment Results (contd.)


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Map India 2003 212

Conclusions and Future

Work


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Map India 2003 213

Precision of positioning obtained in the pilot test goodenough for transportation purposes

Canopy problem can be solved using precise GIS-basedmaps

Real-time integration being pursued using rover receiver,modem and transmitter for transmission to base station

In times of emergency, knowing exactly where the

victim is could be the difference between life and

death. The global positioning system benefits

emergency responders with almost pinpoint accuracy

In Times of Emergency


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emergency responders with almost pinpoint accuracy.

This cuts down on response time, which couldultimately result in saving someone's life. GPS canbe used from the air, ground or sea.

Pinpoint Location of Emergency Reports: GPSequipped cell phones can transmit preciselocations. This allows the dispatcher to have animmediate and accurate location instead ofrelying upon descriptions of people who may be

unfamiliar with the area or too distraught toexplain their location. The same technology hasalso helped catch people who make crank callsfrom their GPS-enabled cell phone.

Speedy Arrival Thanks To GPS: GPS softwarecan be used to quickly tell which emergencyvehicle is closest to an accident or otheremergency. With GPS coordinates associated with

land-line telephone numbers, an emergencylocation can be quickly plotted on a map and theclosest emergency response vehicle can be quicklyidentified, saving precious minutes off of theresponse time.

Ground Emergency Response with Car Navigation

Step1: Turn the GPS on. Allow the deviceto track satellites. Once the system has


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y

tracked the satellites, it will display whereyou are. The GPS is now ready to use.

Step2: Locate where the emergency is.This information is usually provided bythe dispatcher. The street address can beentered into the GPS.

Step3: Follow the step-by-step directionsas the GPS guides you to the location ofthe emergency.

Very useful for Fire departments/Police

departments/Ambulances-Hospitals andother emergency services

Emergency Response Using GPSFrom Aircraft


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Step1: Turn on the GPS prior totake off. Allow the GPS to boot upand find your current location.

Step2: Check the coordinates ofthe emergency location. Relay the

coordinates to the emergencyresponse team on the ground. Theground team can then enter thelocation of the emergency into itsGPS to find the exact location.

Step3: Fly to the emergency site.

At-Sea Emergency Response

Step1: Boot up the GPS. Usually


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Step1: Boot up the GPS. Usually

during a response to an at seaemergency, a distress beacon fromthe boat or ship will emit thecoordinates.

Step2: Enter the coordinates into

the GPS to pinpoint the location ofthe distressed vessel.

Step3: Follow the guidance of theGPS to successfully respond to theemergency.

GPS Use in Law Enforcement

Tracking Suspected Criminals: GPS units have been used to record andmonitor the movements of crime suspects Use of such information to aid in a


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monitor the movements of crime suspects. Use of such information to aid in aconviction or an investigation has been challenged by defendants as aninfringement of their privacy.

Tracking Convicted Criminals: GPS bracelets can be placed on selected felonson parole to monitor their movements. For example: the system could monitorif criminals are staying away from the homes of their victims, travelling towork each day or going near schools. Such systems can be used to verify thatcertain restraining orders are being obeyed.

Online Crime Maps: The San Francisco police department is running an onlineGIS that allows the public to create maps of the locations of different categoriesof crimes which have occurred over the past 90 days. This is part of theirphilosophy of keeping the public well informed.

Appeal You Speeding Ticket With GPS Data: A few individuals cited forspeeding have produced GPS tracking information from their on-board GPS toappeal their ticket. Maybe the officer stopped the wrong car or his radar wasmalfunctioning?

Ground Emergency Response : GPS technology helpedthe forces to know the location and to respond quickly.It helped them to know the no. of EXIT points,topography.

GPS & MUMBAI ATTACK


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Tracking : It helped in geographically track via GPSavailable resources in real time and enabling thecreation of mini private networks that allow suchresources to be deployed in a manner which maximizesefficiency and effectiveness and minimizesduplication.The data available was also analysed howthe GPS was used to guide the terrorist to locationsacross Mumbai and on the costal belt. Thereby

ensuring proper security can be established at eachlocation in future by creating a GIS network

Prevention: The Mumbai attacks could have beenprevented if the governments of the Indian coastalstates had adopted the recommendation of the CoastGuard to fit all fishing boats with a low-cost GPS-enabled alarm system.The device known as low cost

Distress Alarm Transmitter (DAT), developed by SpaceApplication Laboratory, ISRO Ahmedabad is a smallGlobal Positioning System (GPS) based fisheries alertsystem.


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Documents

GeoInfo in DM.ppt