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lecture on rivers in india
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Rivers of IndiaIndus + 5 tributariesAfter partition: Indus water Treaty 1960Indus, Jhelum, Chenab to PakRavi, Beas and Sutlej to IndiaChej doab, ReChna doab, Bari doab, Bist doabIndus river
Cities on Indus LehTributaries:Shyok from Siachin glacierSuru (Obsequent tri) originate from Deosai mt. , Burzil la pass, kargil on it, chutak damGilgit last tri in India
Tributaries of IndusHunza rivGilgit rivSuru rivShyok rivIndus rivZaskar rivSiachin glacier
Jhelum river:Rises at VerinagShrinagar Kishanganga joins on rightKishanganga river dispute with PakistanJhelum enters Pakistan near Baramulla
Tributaries of Indus: JhelumKishanganga riverJhelum river
Two headward tributaries: Chandra and BhagaChnadra originate near Zozi la and Bhaga at Baracha laDhulhasti, Baglihar and Salal damsTributaries of Indus: ChenabChandra riverBhaga riverSource near Rohtang pass in Himachal PradeshDrains between Pripanjal and DhauladharChamba is located on Ravi
Tributaries of Indus: Ravi
Source near Rohtang pass - at southern end of Pir Panjal (HP)Meets Satluj at HarikeKulllu on Beass tributary ParbatiIt is entirely within IndiaTributaries of Indus: BeasOriginate near Man sarovarEnters India through Shipki la passImp tributary: SpitiNeptha-jhakhari dam
Tributaries of Indus: Satluj
Prelims2009Q. Which one of the following rivers does not originate in India?BeasChenabRaviSutlej
Ans. D)UPSCQuestionPrelims2006Q. From north to south, which one of the following is the correct sequence of given rivers in India?Shyok- Spiti-Zaskar-SutlejShyok-Zaskar-Spiti-SutlejZaskar- Shyok-Sutlej-SpitiZaskar-Sultej-Shyok-Spiti
Ans. b)
UPSCQuestionOriginate as Bhagirathi from GangotriAlaknanda originates from BadrinathDhauliganga meet Alaknanda at Vishnu prayagPindar river (from Nanda devi) meet Alaknanda at Karn Prayag
Ganga system
Mandakini (from Kedarnath) meet at Rudra prayagAlaknanda and Bhagirathi meet at Dev prayagAfter merger known as GangaGanga system
Left Bank tributariesRamgangaGomatiGhagharGandakKosiYamunaSonHugliRight Bank tributariesGanga System
RamgangaGomatiGhaghra (Saryu)GandakKosiGanga system: left bank tributariesRamgangaOriginate near GarhwalGomati: north UP Lucknow is on GomatiBoth originate within India
Ganga system: left bank tributaries
RamgangaGomatiGangaGhaghara originate from Gurala mandhata peak (South of Man sarovar) in TibetTwo headward streams: kali (Sarda) and KarnaliAyodhya, Faizabad located on Ghaghara
Ganga system: left bank tributaries
Man sarovar lakeGhaghara riverKarnali riverKali (Sarda) riverGurla mandhata peakRapti riverGandak originated near Nepal-Tibet borderKali Gandaki and Trishuli imp tributariesMerge in Ganga near PatnaGanga system: left bank tributaries
Kali GandakiKosi- Saptkaushi7 streamsLocated in snow covered areas heavy rainfall huge volume of water7 streams -> 3 stream -> merged at Triveni (mahabharat range) to form Kosi
Ganga system: left bank tributaries
Kosi1) YamunaOriginates from Yamnotri glacier Bandarpunch peak GarhwalImp tributaries:Right bank -Tons-rises from Bandar punch glacierGanga system: right bank tributaries
Delhi, Agra and Mathura on YamunaIts imp right bank tributaries from Vindhyan rangeChambal, Sindh, Betwa and KenBanas tri of Chmabal originate from AravalliGanga system: right bank tributaries
ChambalSindhBetwaDhasanKenParbatiKali sindhBanas2) SonFrom Amarkantak plateauImp tributaries: Rihand source Ramgarh hillsGovind vallabh pant sagar on RihandNorth Koel source Chhota Nagpur plateau
Ganga system: right bank tributaries
Son riverRihand Ramgarh hillsAmarkantak pltBaghelKaimur hills3) HugliDistributary of GangaTributary: AjayKolkata on river Hugli
Ganga system: right bank tributaries
Ajay riverHugli riverKolkataPrelims2010Q. Rivers that pass through Himachal Pradesh are:Beas and ChenabBeas and RaviChenab, Ravi and SatlejBeas, Chenab, Ravi, Satlej and Yamuna
UPSCQuestion
ChenabRaviBeasSatlej SpitiYamuna on border between HP and UttarakhandRivers in Himachal PradeshChenabRaviBeasSatlejSpitiYamunaPrelims2010Q. Rivers that pass through Himachal Pradesh are:Beas and ChenabBeas and RaviChenab, Ravi and SatlejBeas, Chenab, Ravi, Satlej and Yamuna
Ans. D) UPSCQuestion
Originate from Chemayungdung glacier in KailashPasses in Indus-Tsangpo sature zone (between Great Himalayas and Kailash range)Enters into India as DibangBrahmaputra systemDihangKailash rangeEnters into Assam Plains near SadiyaAfter Sadiya it is known as BrahmaputraTributaries: Manas, Subansiri, Dhansiri, Dibang, Lohit and KapilliBrahmaputra system
ManasSubansiriDihangDhansiriLohitKapilliGaroKhasiJaintiaBarail rangeNaga hills
enters Bangladesh as JamunaMerged with Ganga unitedly known as PadmaMeghana river joinsNow known as MeghnaLarge delta formationBrahmaputra systemBrahmaputraGangaPadmaMeghnaMeghnaDeltaPrelims2014Q. Consider the following rivers:BarakLohitSubansiri
Which of the above flows/flow through Arunachal Pradesh?
UPSCQuestionBarak river
Barak riverNaga HillsPrelims20141 only2 and 31 and 3 1,2 and 3
Ans. B)
UPSCQuestion
West flowing rivers: Narmada TapiEast-flowing rivers: Damodar, Subarnarekha, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc
Peninsular rivers
Narmada:Source: Amarkantak plateauFlow in rift valley btwn Vindhyan and SatpuraMP-MH and GJDuandhar fall in MPMerged near Bharuch in GJSardar Sarovar damWest flowing Peninsular riversPrelims2013Q. Narmada river flows to east to west, while most other large peninsular rivers flow west to east. Why?It occupies a linear rift valleyIt flows between vindhyan and SatpuraThe land slope to west from central IndiaUPSCQuestionPrelims20131 only2 and 31 and 3None
Ans. A) UPSCQuestionPrelims2009Q. At which one of the following places do two important rivers of India originate; while one of them flows towards north and merge with another important rivers flowing towards Bay of Bengal, the other one flows towards Arabian sea?Amarkantak plateauBadrinathUPSCQuestionPrelims2009c) Mahabaleshward) Nasik
Ans. A) River Son- flows towards north merges with Ganga towards Bay of BengalRiver Narmada flows towards Arabian seaUPSCQuestion2) TapiSource: Betul plateauFlow south of SatpuraImp tributary: Purna riverMerged into sea near SuratMP-MH-GJWest flowing Peninsular rivers
Tapi riverPurna riverBetul plateauRajpipla rangeGawilgarh range
Others:Sabarmati from Aravalli rangeMahi from VindhyansWest flowing Peninsular riversAravalliVindhyanSabarmatiMahi
West flowing rivers from Western GhatsMandovi and Zuari in GOA
West Flowing Peninsular rivers Mandovi riverZuari river
Kalinadi, Sharavati in KNShravati- Jog fall (highest)
West Flowing Peninsular rivers KalinadiSharavatiNetravati Periyar and Pamba in KR
West Flowing Peninsular rivers
kochiVembnad lakePeriyar riverAnnamalai hillsCardamom hillsPamba riverDamodarSource: chhota Nagpur plateauTributary: BarakarIron and steel industry
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Barakar riverDamodar riverChhota Nagpur plt2) Subarnarekha, Baitrani and BrahmaniSubarnrekha from Ranchi plateauBaitrani- Garhjat hillsBrahmani headward streams, South Koel and Sankh from Chhota Nagpur plateauEast Flowing Peninsular rivers
SubarnrekhaBaitraniBrahmaniGarhjat hillsRanchi plateau3) MahanadiSource: DanadkarnyaLeft bank: Sheonath, Hasdo and MandRight bank: Tel, Jonk, OngHirakund damEast Flowing Peninsular rivers
MahanadiSheonathHasdoMandTelOng4) RushikulyaSource: Nayagarh hillsMouth known for: hatching site of Olive ridley turtles
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Rushikulya riverChilka lake
The smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the worldThey live in warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Olive ridley turtles IUCN status- endangered
Oilve Ridley turtles
known for their unique mass nesting called Arribada= thousands of females come together on the same beach to lay eggs.Orissa coast is the largest mass hatching site of Olive ridley turtle in the world.
Olive Ridley turtles on Odisha coast
5) Godavari:Source: Trimbak pltLeft bank tri: Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga (combined = Pranhita), Indravati (fall), Sabari and sileru Right bank tri:Manjara
East Flowing Peninsular rivers SileruSabariIndravatiWengangaWardhaPengangaManjaraPranhitaBalaghat6) Krishna:Source: MahabaleshwarLeft bank tri:Musi, Sina,Bhima, Ghat prabha, Malprabha, Tungbhadra, Hagari
East Flowing Peninsular rivers
Musi BhimaSina Malprabha Ghatprabha TungbhadraHagari
7) Penneru/Penner:Source: Nandi durg peak in KNTri: Kunder, Charavati, Papagni, PunchuEast Flowing Peninsular rivers 8) Kaveri:Source: Tal kaveri at Brahmagiri hillsLeft bank tri:Shimsa, Hemvati, Kabani, Bhavani, Noyil, AmaravatiEast Flowing Peninsular rivers
ShimsaBhavaniNoyilAmravatihemvatiKabani
9) Vaigai:Source: Varushand HillsMadurai located on Vaigai riverDry channelDisappear then again re-appear
East Flowing Peninsular rivers Varushand HillsPrelims2002Q. The correct sequence of eastward flowing rivers of Peninsular India from north to south is:Subarnarekha- Mahanadi- Godavari- Krishna-Pennar- Cauveri- VaigaiSubarnarekha Mahanadi- Krishna Cauveri- Pennar- vaigaiUPSCQuestionPrelims2002c) Mahadnadi- Subarnarekha- Godavari- Krishna- Cauveri- Pennar- Vaigaid) Mahanadi- Subarnarekha- Krishna- Godavari- Cauveri- Vaigai-Pennar
Ans. A)UPSCQuestionPrelims2004west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India have no deltas(R) These rivers do not carry any alluvial sediments
Both correct and R is correct explanation of ABoth correct but R is not correct explanation of AUPSCQuestionPrelims2004c) A is true R is falsed) A is false R is true
Ans. A)West flowing river- short distance no alluvial no deltaUPSCQuestionFirst time recommended by Sir Arthur Cotton in 19th centAims to transfer surplus water of some rivers to water deficit river basinsK.L. Rao, MoWR: Ganga-Kaveri linkDishaw Dastur, pilot: transferring of water using garland canal
River linking projectTransfer of water of Ganga and Brahmaputra towards west and east in south using 14 canalsIn peninsula plateau: linking of rivers using 16 canals
River linking projectLargest inter-basin transfer of water in the world if executedProject will take 50-100 years to completeMay produce 35GW of power
River linking projectFavour:Management of flood and droughtExpansion of irrigation networkDrinking water supplyRiver linking projectChallenges:Indian monsoon climate: rainy months and dry months occur at the same in the entire countryDams and canals- not proper solution to floodsPlateau higher (upland) than northern plains difficult to pumping of water from plains to peninsulaRiver linking project4) That require large amount of energy and canals5) Submergence of forests and villages6) Blocking of rivers damage to riverine ecosystem 7) International water disputes and inter-state water disputesRiver linking project