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Geography and Social Studies Skills. Questions. How do historians ( YOU ) research the past? What are primary and secondary sources?. Why We Study History. History and the other social sciences provide a framework and way to study human cultures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS
QuestionsHow do historians (YOU) research the
past?What are primary and secondary sources?
Why We Study HistoryHistory and the other social sciences
provide a framework and way to study human cultures
History is the branch of knowledge dealing with the past
A historian in an expert in history
Why is it important to study the past and cultures from the past?
The Other Social SciencesAnthropology
the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
Economicsthe science that deals with the production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind.
Geographythe study of the natural features of the earth's
surface, including topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc, and man's response to them
Social Sciences Cont.Political Science
a social science dealing with political institutions and with the principles and conduct of government.
Psychologythe science of the mind or of mental states
and processes.Sociology
the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society
The Scientific MethodSince history is a
part of the social SCIENCES, we can study it using the scientific method
The scientific method isIdentify the problemForm a hypothesisDesign an experimentOrganize the resultsConclusion
How would we apply this to history?
Follow the steps of the scientific method to analyze the causes of the Civil War
The Five Themes of Geography
LocationPlaceHuman Environment Interaction
MovementRegion
LocationWhere a place is
ExactLatitude and
Longitude 43°18’N
73°34’WAddress
131 Notre Dame Street, Hudson Falls, NY 12839
RelativeWhere a place is
in relation to another Hudson Falls is
an hour north of Albany
PlaceWhat is it like
there?You identify a
place usingLandformsClimatePlantsAnimalsOr people
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,927 people, 2,876 households, and 1,760 families residing in the village. The population density was 3,763.5 people per square mile (1,453.5/km²). There were 3,120 housing units at an average density of 1,695.1 per square mile (654.7/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 97.91% White, 0.45% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. 0.68% of the population is Hispanic or Latino of any race.[1]
The village is on the east bank of the Hudson River at the west border of Washington County, New York. A village green lies in the center of the commercial district.
Human Environment Interaction2 parts
How an environment affects peopleEskimos use the ice
around them to build igloos
Way people affect the environmentThe feeder canal was
built to bring water from the Hudson River to the Champlain Canal
MovementDeals with the
movement of people, goods, and ideas from place to placeCarsTrainsPlainsPhonesInternetImmigrationmigration
RegionAreas that share
common featuresCan be defined by 2
thingsGeography
The United States is in the Western Hemisphere
CultureThe U.S. is part of
the “English Speaking” world
The World
The 7 Continents
The 5 Oceans
The World’s Hemispheres
North America
The United States
New York State
Counties
Washington County
Hudson Falls
Size and Location
Almost as large entire continent of Europe› Only Russia, China, and Canada are larger
The 48 contiguous states stretch about 3,000 miles east to west and 1,200 north to south
Entire northern border is with Canada Southern border extends from the Gulf of
Mexico to the Pacific Ocean and shares 1,900 miles with Mexico
US RegionsThe United
States can be broken into 8 geographic regionsNew EnglandMiddle AtlanticMidwestSouthernSouthwestRocky MountainPacific CoastAlaska and
Hawaii
US ClimateAll 48 states on
the mainland are in the temperate or middle latitudesNorth of the
Tropic of Cancer 23° 30’
South of the Arctic Circle 66° 33’
The climate varies greatly within the country
Natural Resources
The US was able to become a leading industrial nation because it has a lot of natural resources
Gold and silver was found in western states and Alaska
However the presence of other natural resources like petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, and coal was more important to its long term economic success
LocationRemember, that location is both absolute and relativeAbsolute location is where a place is actually located.
Most precise way of finding absolute location is using latitude and longitude
Relative location is where a place is located in relation to other placesFor example the United States is located south of Canada
and north of MexicoRelative location can change over time
For much of its history the US felt relatively isolated from Europe and Asia
Changes in technology made relative locations much closer over time
LatitudeThe latitude of a location
is the distance of that place south or north of the equator
Latitude is usually measured in degrees
The equator has a latitude of 0°, the North pole is 90° north, and the South pole is 90° south.
Each line of latitude is actually a circle and run parallel to the equator
LongitudeLongitude is a measurement that
specifies the east or west position of a location on the earth’s surface
It is also measured in degreesLongitude runs in lines running
from the North Pole to the South Pole
Lines of longitude can also be called Meridians
The Prime Meridian is 0° longitude and passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England
Using Latitude and LongitudeTo find a specific location using latitude and
longitude, all you need to do is see what degrees of each a place is and then see where the two lines meet