Geographic Information Systems/Science (GIS) Jim Wyles, GISP
College Lecturer in GIS ([email protected]) Guest Presentation
for UST 610
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What is GIS? Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are
computerized systems designed for the storage, retrieval and
analysis of geographically referenced data GIS uses advanced
analytical tools to explore at a scientific level the spatial
relationships, patterns, and processes of cultural, biological,
demographic, economic, geographic, and physical phenomena
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A GIS Journey National Geographic Video (by ESRI): 10 min. URL:
http://video.esri.com/watch/968/a-gis-journeyhttp://video.esri.com/watch/968/a-gis-journey
GIS Definition Video ClipGIS Definition Video Clip (by ESRI)
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog469/node/200https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog469/node/200
(by Penn State University) Some other interesting GIS videos :
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Why does GIS matter?
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80% of local government activities estimated to be
geographically based a significant portion of state government has
a geographical component businesses use GIS for a very wide array
of applications military and defense scientific research employs
GIS Why does GIS matter?
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Examples of Applied GIS Urban Planning, Management & Policy
Zoning, subdivision planning Land acquisition Economic development
Code enforcement Housing renovation programs Emergency response
Crime analysis Tax assessment Environmental Sciences Monitoring
environmental risk Modeling stormwater runoff Management of
watersheds, floodplains, wetlands, forests, aquifers Environmental
Impact Analysis Hazardous or toxic facility siting Groundwater
modeling and contamination tracking Political Science Redistricting
Analysis of election results Predictive modeling Civil
Engineering/Utility Locating underground facilities Designing
alignment for freeways, transit Coordination of infrastructure
maintenance Business Demographic Analysis Market Penetration/ Share
Analysis Site Selection Education Administration Attendance Area
Maintenance Enrollment Projections School Bus Routing Real Estate
Neighborhood land prices Traffic Impact Analysis Determination of
Highest and Best Use Health Care Epidemiology Needs Analysis
Service Inventory
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Almost everything that happens, happens somewhere. Knowing
where and when something happens is critically important. Longley
et al. (2001), Geographic Information Systems and Science, John
Wiley & Sons, p.2.
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What kinds of people live in the 10 th Congressional District?
Where should I open my next clothing outlet store? Where should I
dig up the road to gain access to the gas main? How can my
authority best respond to the needs of those single parent families
with low income and poor housing? How can I find a famous Italian
restaurant in this city and which route would be the fastest way?
Geographic (Geospatial) Problems
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Maps and GIS Mapping does not always mean doing GIS! However, a
map can be transformed to either spatial information or spatial
knowledge depending on how you use GIS.
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Maps and projects using GIS from Northern Ohio Data &
Information Service (NODIS) NODIS GIS maps
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Geographic Problems LocationWhere is it? Where are my
competitors? ProximityWhat is near? What banks are within 2 miles
of my home? PatternsHow is it distributed? Public facilities,
population (age specific), land use ModelingWhat if? A chemical
tanker truck spills toxic chemical into storm sewer. Where will the
chemical travel within one hour?
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Spatial queries and reasoning Data (spatial/non-spatial)
Visualization How can we solve geographic problems?
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GIS supports all the problem solving processes through: Spatial
data integration Spatial data analysis (tools) Spatial
information/knowledge visualization
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The Power of GIS: Data Integration Link basemap with:
Residential data Agency data Scanned documents, images or videos
Global positioning system data Backdrop with: Digital aerial
imagery or Satellite imagery
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Real-World Examples
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October 10, 2007 CSX Train Derailment (Painesville, OH)
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Incident Action Plan Map Source: Lake County GIS
Department
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Impacted Property Ownership Data Provided Source: Lake County
GIS Department
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Floodplain houses - FEMA maps with needed structure info.
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Emergency Preparation Source: Lake County GIS Department
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Hazardous materials teams can have toxic plumes and at-risk
populations mapped Source: Lake County GIS Department
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Park Service Areas Source: Leah J. Pesek (GIS Capstone Project,
2009) 1/4 mile 1/2 mile 3 mile 2 mile 1 mile Parks
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The following are links to a sampling of my projects: Water
Distribution Infrastructure- City of Cleveland, Water Division
Water Utility Service Dispute- GIS Expert Witness: City of
Zanesville, OH Bioindicators Project- Ohio EPA Locate "Mega" Retail
and Grocery Store using demographics- Kramer & Associates Ohio
Redistricting Competition Workshop using ArcGIS districting
software- Ohio Secretary of State Market Penetration of Chemical
Coating Facilities- Sherwin-Williams Co. Locate Additional
Children's Activity Center- Horizon Activities Center GIS project
examples
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UST 610-486/586 coordination Use NEOCANDO to see list of
possible 2010 Census variablesNEOCANDO
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More information about GIS? If you want to know more about GIS
or GIS Certificate Program of Levin College, contact me: GIS
Certificate Program Email: [email protected]@csuohio.edu
Phone: (216) 687-2221 Office: UR 123