Geog 102 Topic 9

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GEOG 102 Population, Resources, and the Environment

Professor: Dr. ean!Paul Rodri"ue

Topic 9 Environmental Sustainability

# $he %oncept of &ustaina'ilit(

) $o*ards a &ustaina'le +orld

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The Concept of Sustainability

1. Sustainable Development 2. Sustainable Society 3. General Indicators

A

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Sustainable Development

The issue Brought or!ard in vie! o challenges at a scale never seen

beore. Demographic challenge"

# Strong population gro!th$ notably in the developing !orld. %esource challenge"

# &n increasing usage o resources$ rene!able and non rene!able ali'e.( %a! materials.( )nergy.( *ood.

)nvironmental challenge"# +igher levels o environmental impacts o human activities.

The capacity o this !orld to sustain its population is

compromised.

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,Sustainable- The process or the activity can be

maintained !ithout ehaustion or

collapse. Intra and Inter/generational issue.

0apacity o a system to accommodatechanges"

# %ates o use o rene!able resources

should not eceed their rates or

regeneration.# %ates o use o non/rene!able

resources should not eceed at !hich

rene!able substitutes are developed.# %ates o pollution emissions should not

eceed the assimilative capacity o the

environment.

1

Your generation

The 340 generations of humanity

Generations tocome

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,Development- Development is about people$ not necessarily the economy. Development is a process. Improvement o the !elare o the population"

# 0reate an enabling environment or people.# ten orgotten in the immediate concern !ith the accumulation o

commodities and !ealth.

*inding !ays to satisy and improve human needs.

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0onditions" &ppropriate social$ political$ legal

and economic conditions.

utcomes Improvement o the physical and

human capital. +uman capital"

# Improved health or 'no!ledge.# Improved opportunities or people

to use their acuired capabilities.

# Improved !or' or leisureconditions.

hysical capital"# Improved private inrastructures.# Improved collective

inrastructures.

Development

-Health-Education

-Quality of life

-ights-E!uity

-ule of la"

#onditions

-Employment-$urplus

Human #apital %hysical capital

&utcomes

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Sustainable Society

Three ,)-s )conomics. )cology 4 )nvironment. )uity 5social6.

opulation 7essen population gro!th and stabili8e it 5preerably6. Stop subsidi8ing reproduction. &ccess to contraception and amily planning 5reedom o choice6.

Basic material needs satisied 5social obligation96. olitical and gender euity. &ccess to inormation and education.

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Sustainable Society

)cology %estore the biological base 5soils$ orests$ atmosphere and

hydrosphere6. &griculture supporting ecosystems 5diversity and organic

recycling6. )nergy

:inimi8e and abolish ossil uels 5mar'et orces are li'ely to do

so6.

Shit to natural gas as an interim measure. :ove to rene!able energy sources 5hydrogen$ solar$ !ind$

geothermal$ biomass and hydroelectric6.

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Sustainable Society

)conomy romotion o eiciency and recycling. Source materials mainly recycled materials. %educe !astes in production$ pac'aging and distribution.

)conomy li'e an ecosystem. Demateriali8ation o the economy.

Spatial orms %ational use o space 5mar'et orces6.

Dense and compact cities. :ultiamily d!ellings. &lternative transportation modes"

# 7eaning on mass transit$ cycling and !al'ing.

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Energy and Density280

40

20

60

20 60 30040 80 100

Los Angeles

Sydney

LondonSingapore

United States

Australia and Canada

EuropeAsia

Hong Kong

Chicago

Houston

PhoenixDetroitDenver

Adelaide

Melbourne

Toronto

Ne !or"

#ienna

Paris

$erlin To"yo

Ener"(consu

mptionpercapita-1,00

0millionsof.oules/

Population densit( -people per hectare/

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Sustainable Society

Social orms :aterial suiciency and rugality"

# %eplacing consumerism and materialism 5unli'ely6.# 7iving according to one;s means.

Sel/!orth and social status"#

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Global Sustainability

Economic Development

#Sustain economic gro!th

#:aimi8e proit#)pand mar'ets#)ternali8e costs

Ecolog

ical

Dev

elop

men

t

#%espect carrying capacity#0onserve and recycle

resources#%educe !aste

$

ocialDevelopm

ent#Satisy needs#Increase sel/reliance

Socialism #onservationism

Ecologism

2

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Global Sustainability

ualit( of ife

&ustaina'le

level

ive

)illion%onsumes 203

Resource 4 Ener"(

consumption

%arr(in" capacit(

2

One

)illion%onsumes 503

6nsustaina'le

level

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General Indicators

Glo'al $ustaina'ility

3

)ater* materials and "aste Energy and air !uality

+iva'ility

Transportation+and* green spaces

and 'iodiversity

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General Indicators: hat the !ar"et Can Do

Ener"( and air7ualit(

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To#ards a Sustainable orld$

1. 0onventional =orlds 2. Barbari8ation 3. Great Transitions

B

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The %utures of &umanity1

Reference

)alanced "ro*th

ortress +orld

8e* &ustaina'ilit( Paradi"m

Eco!communalism

2000

9 5 10 12

;0

100

1;0

200

2;0

Gross +orld Product-trillion

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Conventional orlds

0onventional Developmentscenario Situation let as it is. Solution led to mar'et mechanisms. 7ittle or no collective eorts.

7imited success o birth controlpolicies.

Generation o !ealth$ but unair

distribution.

0onseuences Gro!th o ineualities and

environmental degradation. otential instability and environmental

collapse.

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Conventional orlds

Balanced Gro!th 7egislation and policy intervention"

# Strengthen management systems.# )nsure !idespread use o better

technology.

rovide greater social euity andenvironment protection.

Same patterns o production and

consumption. or global

environmental issues. Socialism.

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'arbari(ation

Brea'do!n

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)*+* 'rea"do#n Scenario

./00 000 .00

Pollution

>ndustrial outputPopulation

ife e?pectanc(

8atural resources

Oil production

030

ood

2

,rea1do"n

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'arbari(ation

*ortress =orld &uthoritarian ,solution-. 0onlicts bet!een the rich and the poor"

# & minority o the elite in privileged

enclaves.

# rotect their !ay o lie by orcibly imposinglimits and social controls on the

impoverished ma>ority.# Sei8ing control o critical natural resources

or eclusive use.# %estricting access to inormation and

technology. 0onseuences

?nchec'ed demographic gro!th. Social stratiication. Instability o a ,*ortress- system may push

the !orld into a ,Brea'do!n- situation.

2

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3 Great Transitions

)co/communalism Deep green utopian vision. Strong collective eorts to!ards

small/scale. )mphasis"

# Bio/regionalism.# 7ocalism and ace/to/ace

democracy.# Small technology and economic

autar'y.

0onseuences opulation and economic scales

diminish. )nvironmental conditions improve

dramatically. Socialism4communism9

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Great Transitions

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Conclusion

=hich *uture9 In light o the current situation around the !orld$ !hich scenario

is the most li'ely9 =hat are the alternatives9

opulation$ resources and the environment The absolute bottom line. =ill shape the ate o humanity in the 21stcentury. eriod o strong demographic gro!th 5demographic transition6.

opulation policy and amily planning. :igration and urbani8ation. 0onsumption o resources 5commodities and energy6. The environmental challenge.

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Geog 102 Topic 9