GeoEngineering Systems-

Challenges, Opportunities

Mehmet T. Tumay, Ph.D., P.E.

Georgia Gulf Distinguished Professor EmeritusDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Louisiana State University

October 5, 2006

NSF Workshop on Reforming Civil & Environmental EngineeringIstanbul, Turkey

GEOENGINEERING

�Who are we? Where were we?

�Where are we now?�Where are we now?

�Where do we want to be?

�How do we get there?

Karl Terzaghi 1883-1963Father of Soil Mechanics

Erdbaumechanik auf bodenphisikalischer Grundlage(Earth Construction Mechanics based onPrincipals of Physics)Tenure in Turkey 1916-1925; published 1924

MountaineerMountaineerGeologistEngineerPractitionerScientistPhilosopher

“The Engineer as Artist”by Richard E. GoodmanASCE Press 1999

©

Geotechnics & Geomechanics

Environmental Geotechnology

GeoEngineering Systems(Geomedia Materials & Systems)

Geotechnical Engineering

21st Century

Soil Engineering(Soil Mechanics & Foundations)

Geotechnics & Geomechanics

Mathematical and Physical Earth Material Behavior PredictionCoulomb and Rankine18th & 19th Centuries

Major Developments in Geotechnical Engineering

1900-1950 Soil Classification, Capillary and Seepage, Stress Analysis by Elasticity, Consolidation and Settlement Analysis, Shear Strength, Slope Stability, Lateral Pressures, Bearing Capacity, Shallow and Deep Foundations

1950-1960 Slope Stability, Shear Strength, Soil Structure, Sensitivity,Compacted Clay Properties, Pavement Design, SoilStabilization, Transient Loading

1960-1970 Physico-Chemical Phenomena, Rock Mechanics, Computer Applications, Finite Element Analysis, Soil-Structure Interaction, Soil Dynamics, Liquefaction, Earth and Rockfill Dams, Pore Pressure, Effective Stress Analysis, Offshore, Cold Regions, Lunar ProjectsCold Regions, Lunar Projects

1970-1980 Constitutive Modeling, In-Situ Testing, Expansive Soils, Soil Dynamics, Centrifuge Testing, Partly Saturated Soils, Earthquake Engineering, Underground Construction

1980-1990 Groundwater and Geohydrology, GeoEnvironmental Engineering, Geosynthetics, Earth Reinforcement, Risk and Reliability, Ground Improvement

1990-2000 Waste Containment, Site Remediation, Seismic Risk mitigation, Land Reclamation, Infrastructure, Geophysical Applications, Geographic Information Systems

“New Frontiers in Geotechnical Engineering,”ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 149, 2006,pp.1-5, James K. Mitchell

GeoEnvironmental Engineering/Environmental Geotechnology

�Fundamental Aspects of Soil/Waste Interaction�Site Characterization of Contaminated Sites�New Improved Computer Simulation Method�New Improved Computer Simulation Method�Automation in Soil and Groundwater Remediation Studies�Data Collection, Reduction and Management of Geomaterials

in Contaminated Areas

”Current Research Emphasis in GeoEnvironmental Engineering,” Geotechnical News,

March 1993, Vol 11, No.1, M.T.Tumay

New Challenge

Through basic and applied research and education, particularly toward

multi- and interdisciplinary approaches, expand fundamental understanding and the

knowledge base as necessary to achieve globalknowledge base as necessary to achieve globalstrategic objectives and address present and future

geo-engineering challenges

REMEMBERING ABET Engineering Accreditation CommissionRequirements for undergraduate education:

The engineering program will demonstrate that its students attain: (a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability(d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams(d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams(e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems(f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility(g) an ability to communicate effectively(h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context(i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning (j) a knowledge of contemporary issues(k) an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.

Goals

•Improve quality and discovery/innovation in education•Embrace Information Technology infrastructure•Promote multi- and inter-disciplinary education & research•Focus on policy, economics and social dynamics•Focus on policy, economics and social dynamics•Increase ties with government agencies and industry•Promote active national/international technology transfer•Encourage productive young researchers•Increase public interest in GeoEngineering

Areas of National Importance

•Waste Management•Hazardous waste (solid/radioactive); policy/social needs

•Infrastructure Development and Rehabilitation•New materials; trenchless technology; monitoring;maintenance/renewal

•Construction Efficiency and Innovation•Foreign technology; policy/social issues

•National Security•Survivability and vulnerability

•Resource Discovery and Recovery•Energy; materials; water•Energy; materials; water

•Mitigation of National Hazards•Earthquakes; hurricanes; landslides; subsidence;erosion; swelling; permafrost

•Frontier Exploration and Development•Polar regions; deep ocean; space

�Cross Cutting IssuesEducation; research/technology transfer;

professional practice

Geotechnology1989 Report of Geotechnical BoardNational Research Council

High Priority Research Topics(selected by leading practitioners among 22 topics identified as of national interest)

•Development and analysis of all types of case histories•Development of in-situ (and non-destructive) testing methods•Development of improved liners, filters and covers•Performance of deep and engineered fills•Performance of deep and engineered fills•Estimation of seismic-induced ground displacements

Regional Research Needs in Geotechnical EngineeringCERF Report 91-F1002.E (1991)Workshops Held in Boston, MA; Atlanta, GA; Chicago, IL; San Francisco, CA

To be developed by 2010

•Site characterization on a real-time basis with high level of certainty •Definition of major soil and rock properties non-destructively•Assessment of in-situ ground improvement effectiveness•Ground characteristics evaluation in real-timei.e. “design as you go”•Assessment of fate and transport of contaminants in geo-materialsgeo-materials•Geo-construction automation•Technology development for ground remediation•Advancement of analytical abilities•Retrieval of global data bases (instantaneously and cost-effectively

Geo-Engineering : A vision for the 21st CenturyCERF Report 94-5021 (1994) for NSF

Promising Novel Technology Applications for GeoEngineering Systems

•Microbes to stabilize or remediate soils•Nanotechnology to modify the behavior of clay•Nanosensors and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) to

characterize and monitor the behavior of geomaterials and geosystems

•Remote sensing and non-invasive ground based sensing •Remote sensing and non-invasive ground based sensing techniques

•Next-generation geologic data models to bridge sensing, computation, and real-time simulation of behavior for adaptive management purposes and geophysics for urban infrastructure detection

National Research Council (2005). “Geological and Geotechnical Engineering in the New Millennium: Opportunities for Research and Technological Innovation,” National Academy Press, Washington, DC

GEO-ENGINEERINGA Proposed New Terminology

Geomedia materials comprised of the multi-phase, natural and man-made

geo-composites in ambient, subterranean, submarine, hazardous, arctic and

extra-terrestrial environments. extra-terrestrial environments.

Geomedia systems involving complex interaction of

scientific/engineering/social/economic principles and technologies in a sustainable manner to understand behavior, and predict performance of geo-engineered systems for

varied applications in the infrastructure.

Mehmet T. Tumay, Ph.D., P.EGeorgia Gulf Distinguished Professor EmeritusOctober 5, 2006NSF Workshop on Reforming Civil & Environmental EngineeringIstanbul, Turkey

Strategies

•Participation in multi and inter- disciplinary education and research initiatives

•Creation of opportunities for academic liaison with industry(building partnerships)

•Implement in academic philosophy: investigation, •Implement in academic philosophy: investigation, analysis, prediction, observation and evaluation *

•Strengthening communication, connectivity and shared resources in cyberinfrastructure

•International technology transfer/networks

*”Using Our Best Judgment,” ASCE Civil Engineering, September 2006, Vol 26, No.9, W.Allen Marr

Intellectual Focus•To promote integrated multi-disciplinary education and research in geo-materials

•Properties, structure, composition•Synthesis, processing, improvement

•To stimulate innovative education and research awareness in geo-hazards

•Earthquake engineering•Environmental hazards, tsunami•Impact of global climate change

•Ice/snow/wind mechanics

•Poromechanics, multi-phase groundwater flow•Poromechanics, multi-phase groundwater flow•To enhance implementation of intelligent control systems and computational methods

•Characterization, data acquisition/reduction•Performance, quality evaluation•Real-time engineering analysis/design•Artificial intelligence; neural networks; fuzzy logic(BUT never obviate the need for sound engineering judgment)

•To increase awareness in social engineering

Convergence of new technologies (NBIC)

Information Technology

CognitiveSciences

BiotechnologyNanotechnology

Presentation by Dr. John A. Brighton

February 2004

New Orleans, LA

Engineering Opportunities

l Nanotechnology

l Bioengineering

l Cyberinfrastructure

Economy

Securityl Cyberinfrastructure

l Sensors

l Manufacturing

l Engineering Workforce

Security

Quality of Life

Presentation by Dr. John A. Brighton

February 2004

New Orleans, LA

Additional Knowledge Requirements for GeoEngineers

�Biotechnology�Biology�Geochemistry

�Nanotechnology�Physics�Chemistry�Material Science

�Cyberinfrastructure (IT)

National Research Council (2005). “Geological and Geotechnical Engineering in the New Millennium: Opportunities for Research and Technological Innovation,” National Academy Press, Washington, DC

�Cyberinfrastructure (IT)�Data Management�Computer Science

�Sensors�Electronics�Signal processing�Inversion math

New Opportunities

•Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Program (ACE)•Modeling, Simulation, Visualization, Data Storage

•Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)•Tsunami research

•Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL)•Sensors; wireless technologies•National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (NGES)

•NSF Educational Initiatives•Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT)•Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) Sites•Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) Sites

•Nanotechnology•Nano/micro instruments, MEMS•Poromechanics

•Collaborative Large-scale Engineering Analysis Network for Environmental Research (CLEANER)•Partnership for Innovation (PFI)

•Geo-composites•Global change

•Wind/Water/Ice•Marine geotechnics (coastal protection)

•International interface

Face Forward

Face Challenges and opportunitieswith a commitment to Forward vision and actionwith a commitment to Forward vision and action