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8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geo-part1 1/12
QAJGGN GE CXAJKTBATRXB, HRKNDKIO & DBQKOI Abitrb egr Lgdbri Crajktbaturb Qtudkbs ki Qgutjbcst Cskc (LCQQC)
HRKNDKIO QAKBIAB 3
Acsb Qtudy= Kdbitkeykio kiigvctkvb pcsskvb dbskoi strctbokbs
Vrgmbat= OBG HukndkioCrajktbat= Xusnci @jcnkd Csskgakctbs
Tutgr = Lkss Qumc
Iclb KA/Ly@cd Ig Qtudbit KD Ig
3 Ecl Nk @kci ;263633128?6 613651;
8 Nbgio Acrlbi ;16:3;6:53:8 6134;21
1 @kci Qggi Mbci ;1613:362;86 6134;?:
4 _gio Mkci @ck ;461646325?2 6134?;4
2 [kbw Suijb ;46;86632:1; 6134:6;
5 [csbbi Ectklc Qybd hi:6515: 616;683
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | 8
AGITBIT
KITXGDRATKGI VCOBQ
Obibrcn kiegrlctkgi 1
Hukndkio Orbbi Dbskoi Qtrctbokbs 4-2
Grtjgorcpjka Drcwkio 5-?
Anklctb Dctc :-;
k. Tblpbrcturb
kk. Xbnctkvb Julkdkty
kkk. Vsyajrglbtrka Ajcrt
_kid Qpbbd cid Dkrbatkgi 36-33
Quipctj & Nkojtkio 33-38
k. Qjcdgw Xciob Dkcorcl
kk. Ciiucn Quipctj
kkk. Dckny Quipctj Dkcorcl
VCQQKUB DBQKOI EBCTRXBQ
Hcska Hukndkio Dbskoi 31-3?
k. Huknd Grkbitctkgi
kk. Hukndkio Agiekourctkgi
kkk. Kisunctkgi
_kidgws cid Xgge nkojt 3:-86 k. _kidgw
kk. Xgge nkojt
XBEBXBIAB 83
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | 1
KITXGDRATKGI
Tjb OBG hukndkio sjgws klpnblbitctkgi ge kitborctbd dbskoi agiabpts, wjbrb catkvb cid pcsskvbbibroy systbls crb kitbrwgvbi kitg tjb hukndkio ktsbne, cid wjbrb sbvbrcn hukndkio bnblbits cnsg
sbrvb cs bibroy systbls. Tjks jbnps ki hrkiokio tjb bxtrc agsts ge tjb hukndkio dgwi. Cdvciabd
aglputbr dbskoi tggns jcvb hbbi usbd tjrguojgut tjb dbskoi prgabss. Dbskoibd ct c tklb wjbi tjb
cwcrbibss ge hukndkio orbbi ks stknn ct kts kieciay ki tjks aguitry, kts bibroy beekakbit ebcturbs sagrbd
eunn pgkits uidbr tjb Bibroy Beekakbiay cid Kiigvctkgi arktbrkc ge tjb OHK.
Vrgmbat Kiegrlctkgi
Typb= Ngw Acrhgi Blksskgi Geekab
Ngactkgi= Hcidcr Hcru Hciok
Anklctb ]gib= Trgpkacn
Qktb Crbc = 8 jbatcrbs
Hukndkio Orgss Crbc = 4,666 l8
Jbkojt = 4?.26 lbtrbs
Iulhbr ge Xggls = 43 rggls
([ggio, 866:, p. 5?)
Dbskoi VjkngsgpjyTjb sustckichnb orbbi hukndkio egr tgdcy cid tjb
euturb.
AbrtkekactkgiVusct Tbicoc Lcncyskc (Lcncyskc Bibroy Abitrb) ks
prbvkgusny `igwi cs ]BG (]brg Bibroy Geekab)
Hukndkio - geekakcnny Lcncyskc‛s ekrst Orbbi Hukndkio
Kidbx (OHK) Abrtkekbd Hukndkio. Aurrbitny, kt ks `igwi
cs OBG (Orbbi Bibroy Geekab) Hukndkio. Kt ks cnsg
Lcncyskc‛s ekrst aglpnbtbd orbbi-rctbd geekab
hukndkio. (Vusct Tbicoc Lcncyskc, 866:)
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | 4
HRKNDKIO OXBBI DBQKOI QTXCTBOKBQ
Tjb hukndkio ks nkt prklcrkny hy dcynkojt, suppnblbitbd hy bnbatrka nkojtkio giny durkio vbry dcr` cid
gvbracst pbrkgds. Bxtbiskvb catkvb bibroy beekakbiay lbcsurbs crb klpnblbitbd ki tjb hukndkio ki
grdbr tg rbduab tjb ibbd egr bnbatrkakty tg ci chsgnutb lkiklul, wktjgut aglprglkskio tjb rbqubst
egr aglegrtchnb tblpbrcturb cid julkdkty cid cdbquctb nkojtkio. Tjbsb lbcsurbs kianudb clgio
gtjbrs jkoj beekakbiay pulps cid ecis, cid usb ge bibroy beekakbit geekab bqukplbit.
Tjb OBG wktj kts lciy kiigvctkvb BB ebcturbs ks acnaunctbd tg agisulb vbry nkttnb egsskn eubns wktj c
dbskoibd hukndkio bibroy kidbx ( HBK) ge 52`_j/l8 ybcr. Aglpcrbd wktj gtjbrs agivbitkgicn geekab
hukndkio ge 826-166 `_j/l8 ybcr, OBG jcs prgvbi kts strctbokbs. (Vusct Tbicoc Lcncyskc, 866:)
Tjb usb ge Xbibwchnb Bibroy ( XB) ks cnsg tjb skoikekacit ebcturb ge ktsbne. Tjb hukndkio kiagrpgrctbs
HkVU systbl wjkaj ks crajktbaturcnny cid cbstjbtkacnny kitborctbd kitg hukndkio dbskoi.
OXBBI DBQKOI EBCTRXBQ= (Vusct Tbicoc Lcncyskc, 866:)
- Dcynkojtkio (Hcska Hukndkio Dbskoi) =Hukndkio usbs dkeeusbd dcynkojt egr 366% icturcn dcynkojtkio.Tg
tc`b cdvcitcob ge tjks dkeeusbd dcynkojt, hukndkio ks strctbokacnny pgsktkgibd tg bisurb tjct lgst ge ktswkidgws ecab igrtj cid sgutj, ki grdbr tg cvgkd dkrbat suinkojt cid bxtbiskvb jbct ocki.
- Aggnkio cid Bibroy Beekakbit Ubitknctkgi Qystbl= Tjks systbl ks lcdb up ge 26% rcdkcit aggnkio
cid 26% ckr aggnkio (agivbatkgi) systbl. Tjb rcdkcit aggnkio ks cajkbvbd hy tjb usb ge enggr snch
aggnkio wjbrb agnd wctbr pgnybtjynbib argssnki` pkpkio crb blhbddbd kitg tjb enggrs.
- Xkvbr Xgge =Cats cs tjb aggnkio tgwbr gr jbct ski` systbl egr tjb hukndkio. Kt dksajcrobs jbct kitg
tjb clhkbit tblpbrcturb untknkskio tjb aggn ikojt s`y rcdkctkgi, 36-86 dborbb Abnakus.
-Hukndkio Kitborctbd Vjgtgvgntcka Qystbl ( HKV_) = Tjks systbl prgvkdbs 26% ge tjb bnbatrkakty tjb
hukndkio ibbds. Tjb sgncr systbl prgvkdb up tg 386,666 `_j/ybcr ge bibroy.
-Xcki _ctbr Jcrvbstkio =Tjb rcki wctbr ks jcrvbstbd tg jbnp agisbrvb wctbr ki tjb hukndkio cid
rbduakio tjb usb ge trbctbd wctbr ergl utknkty. Kt usbd egr aggnkio systbl agidbisbr skdb, wctbrkio
tjb ncidsacpkio cid egr obibrcn anbcikio purpgsbs.
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | 2
CKX SRCNKT[
Tjb pbrebat qucnkty ge ckr wcs cajkbvbd vkc tjb prgabss ge dbjulkdkekactkgi. C skionb ckr jcidnkio uikt
(CJR) ks usbd egr akraunctkio tjb aggn erbsj ckr wktjki tjb hukndkio cid cnsg egr dbjulkdkekactkgi
purpgsbs. Dbjulkdkekactkgi ge ckr qucnkty ki hukndkios agisulbs c orbct clguit ge bnbatrkakty0 jbiab
c orbbi tgwbr ks kitrgduabd.
Tjb orbbi tgwbr, ks c lgduncr aggnkio tgwbr tjct usbs chsgnutbny ig bnbatrkakty tg pgwbr tjb eci. Kt
kistbcd usbs tjb wctbr engw cid prbssurb, tjct ks cnrbcdy prbsbit ki tjb prgabssbs. Tjb tgwbr ruis ct
c orbctbr beekakbiay, cs kt rbpncabs kiaglkio julkd erbsj ckr wktj aggnbr ckr.
OXBBI AGGNKIO TG_BX
LCKI AGITXKHRTGXQ TG NG_ BIBXO[ AGIQRLVTKGI
Ci bibroy beekakbit hukndkio bivbngpb wktj bibroy beekakbit dguhnb onczkio cid wbnn kisunctbd
wcnns cid rgges.
Rsb ge dcynkojt cs tjb giny sgurab ge nkojtkio durkio dcytklb.
Rsb ge bibroy beekakbit geekab bqukplbit
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | 5
GXTJGOXCVJKA DXC_KIO
QKTB VNCI (Dbrkvbd ergl Oggonb Lcp)
Ngactkgi = Qbatkgi ;, Hcidcr Hcru Hciok, Hciok, Qbnciogr
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | ?
QBATKGI
ENGGX VNCI
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | :
ANKLCTB DCTCTBLVBXCTRXB
Gvbr tjb agursb ge c ybcr, tjb lcxklul dckny tblpbrcturb typkacnny vcrkbs ergl 13 D.A. tg 18 D.A.
wjbrbcs tjb lkiklul dckny tblpbrcturb typkacnny vcrkbs ergl 84 D.A. tg 84.2 D.A.
XBNCTKUB JRLKDKT[
Tjb rbnctkvb julkdkty typkacnny rciobs ergl ??% tg ;6% gvbr tjb agursb ge tjb ybcr.
6
2
36
32
86
82
16
12
Mci Ebh Lcr Cpr Lcy Mui Mun Cuo Qbp Gat Igv Dba
Ciiucn (8631) Tblpbrcturb egr Qbpcio, Lcncyskc
Cvbrcob Lcxklul Tblpbrcturb (Dborbb Abnskus)
Cvbrcob Lkiklul Tblpbrcturb (Dborbb Abnskus)
?8
?4
?5
?:
:6
:8
:4
:5
::
Mci Ebh Lcr Cpr Lcy Mui Mun Cuo Qbp Gat Igv Dba
Ciiucn (8631) Xbnctkvb Julkdkty egr Qbpcio, Lcncyskc
Cvbrcob Xbnctkvb Julkdkty (%)
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | ;
CICN[QKQ
C XJ ge 366% dbigtbs c egooy, wbt, cid scturctbd ctlgspjbrb. Nbvbns hbngw 46% XJ suoobst
dryibss wjknb nbvbns chgvb :6% XJ suoobst jkoj prbsbiab ge lgksturb. Hbtwbbi 46% cid :6% XJ, kt
ks c aglegrtchnb bivkrgilbit ke tjb tblpbrcturb ks cnsg aglegrtchnb. Caagrdkio tg tjb ajcrt chgvb,
Qbpcio‛s anklctb ks rctjbr julkd cs XJ nbvbns crb lckiny chgvb :6% XJ.
VQ[AJXGLBTXKA AJCXT (Dbrkvbd ergl Bagtbaj 8633 sgetwcrb)
Tjks Vsyajrglbtrka ajcrt sjgws tjct Lcncyskc's dry hunh tblpbrcturb ks crguid 36-12 ¶A ,
wjkaj kianudbd tjb aglegrt zgib . Lgrbgvbr , chsgnutb julkdkty (CJ) ks nckd hbtwbbi 1-31
(o/l1), wjkaj kianudbd tjb aglegrt zgib cs wbnn .
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | 36
_KID QVBBD CID DKXBATKGI (Dbrkvbd ergl Bagtbaj 8633 sgetwcrb)
Tjb wkid spbbd cid dkrbatkgi aci hb cicnysbd uskio tjb dkcorcl hbngw.
Hcskacnny, wkids aglb ergl cnn dkrbatkgi cid tjb strgiobr wkids crb lgvkio ki ergl tjb
Qgutj-_bst dkrbatkgi , wjknb wkids hngw jkojbr erbqubiay ergl Qgutj-Bcst.
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | 33
QRIVCTJ & NKOJTKIO (Dbrkvbd ergl Bagtbaj 8633 sgetwcrb)
QJCDG_ XCIOB DKCOXCL
6:66-3866
3866-3?66
8/12/2019 GEO-PART1
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Vcob | 38
CIIRCN QRIVCTJ DKCOXCL
DCKN[ QRIVCTJ DKCOXCL
6?66 6;66
3366 3166
3266 3?66