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Geo-Ontology for
INSPIRE Data Themes
Msc. Mehmet ERDOĞDU (Noda Information Technologies)
Assist.Prof.Dr. Güler YALÇIN (Osmaniye Korkut Ata University)
June 2012 / ISTANBUL
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Agenda
• Problem Description
• Scope
• Objective
• Basic Terminology
• Related Previous Work
• Proposed Ontology
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Problem Description
INSPIRE
• An Infrastructure for Spatial Information in theEuropean Community
• Declared in 14 March, 2007
• Member countries are obligated to share their non-confidential spatial data through interoperable webservices
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Problem Description – cont.
• 34 data themes under 3 Annexes
ANNEX ICoordinate reference systemsGeographical grid systemsGeographical namesAdministrative unitsAddressesCadastral parcelsTransport networksHydrographyProtected sites
ANNEX IIElevationLand coverOrthoimageryGeology
ANNEX IIIStatistical unitsBuildingsSoilLand useHuman health and safetyUtility and governmental Environmental monitoring Production and industrial Agricultural and aquaculture facilitiesPopulation distribution and demography
Area managementNatural risk zonesAtmospheric conditionsMeteorologicalOceanographicSea regionsBio-geographical regionsHabitats and biotopesSpecies distributionEnergy ResourcesMineral Resources
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Problem Description – cont.
• More than 100 data layers in 27 different countries
• This large existence of data increases the complexity offinding necessary data
• Almost all the data is domain specific
• A regular citizen cannot benefit without a domainspecific experience.
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Scope
Two main problems during INSPIRE Implementation
High complexity of reaching the necessary data.
√ Metadata Catalogs are used for this problem
High domain specific information which prevents a regular user to benefit by.
? Focus on solving data analysis complexity for regular user ?
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Objective
• A preliminary solution for easing the query processof geospatial data
• A model ontology vocabulary describing :
Geographical Objects
Geographical Relations
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Objective – cont.
http://www.example.org/Hydrography/Rivers#Kizilirmak
http://www.example.org/Hydrography/Sea#Karadeniz
http://.../Hydrography/Relations#EmpitesInto
In other words we will convert human readable queries a machine readable versionto
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Basic Terminology
ONTOLOGY
• Onto -> Entity ( In old Greek )
• Defining domain specific entities in terms of their:
TypesRelationsRestrictionsFunctions
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Basic Terminology
RDF ( Resource Description Framework )
• A language for representing information about resources in World Wide Web ( W3C )
<rdf:Property rdf:ID="EmptiesInto"><rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#River"/><rdfs:range rdf:resource="#BodyOfWater"/>
</rdf:Property>
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Basic Terminology
URI ( Uniform Resource Identifier )• A compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txthttp://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txtmailto:[email protected]:+1-816-555-1212telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Basic Terminology
OWL ( Web Ontology Language )
• OWL builds on top of RDF Schema
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Basic Terminology
OWL ( Web Ontology Language ) - cont
Has the power of expressing richer properties :
• Symmetric Properties ( If A connects B then B also connects A )• Transitive Properties ( If A is contained in B and B is contained in C then A is contained in C )
• Functional Properties ( At most one value for the property )• Inverse Properties ( if A related to B in a way of relation X, then B is related to A in a way of relation Y. X and Y relations are inversed. )
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Basic Terminology
OWL ( Web Ontology Language ) - cont
Restrictions in property definitions :
• onProperty : Specifies that on which property the restriction will be applied.• allValuesFrom: Specifies which values are accepted by the property.• hasValue : Specifies which value is the property has to be exactly.• someValue : Specifies that the property has to have at least a value.• cardinality : Specifies the occurrence of the property.• minCardinality: Specifies the minimum occurrence of the property.• maxCardinality: Specifies the maximum occurrence of the property.
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Basic Terminology
OWL ( Web Ontology Language ) - cont
An OWL class definition
<owl:Class rdf:ID="Kyoto-Protected-River"><rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#River"/><owl:oneOf rdf:parseType="Collection"><geo:River rdf:about="http://www.china.org/rivers#Yangtze"/><geo:River rdf:about="http://www.us.org/rivers#Mississippi"/><geo:River rdf:about="http://www.africa.org/rivers#Nile"/><geo:River rdf:about="http://www.s-america.org/rivers#Amazon"/>
</owl:oneOf></owl:Class>
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Related Previous Work
A Geographic Knowledge Base for Semantic Web Applications
• University of Lisbon• Approach for creating and maintaining an geo-ontology• For relating geographical names only• No complete description for spatial relations between features
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Related Previous Work
Semantic Search Engine for
Geographic Data
• CSI Piemonte / Italy• Focused on describing a conceptual model to improve the data usefulness
• Ontology equivalent to metadata catalog• No description for spatial relations between features
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Related Previous Work
Semantic Integration of Thematic Geographic Information in a Multimedia
Context
• Phd Thesis in University of Pompeu Fabra / Spain• Working on geodata regarding data classifications.• For instance palm trees etc.• No georeferenced data relation defined• VideoGIS
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Proposed Ontology
• The main scope is all INSPIRE applied geographical area
• Within concept of the presentation we will focus on some of the water bodies located in Turkey
River, Sea
Corresponding to Hydrography, Land Cover and Sea Regions themes of INSPIRE Annexes.
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Presentation Concept
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Proposed Ontology Diagram
WaterSource
FlowingSource WaterBody
Brook River Tributary Lake Sea Brook
Basin Dam
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Proposed Ontology ( Some Classes )
Water Source<owl:Class rdf:ID="WaterSource">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Thing"/></owl:Class>
Water Body<owl:Class rdf:ID="WaterBody">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#WaterSource"/></owl:Class>
Sea<owl:Class rdf:ID="Sea">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#WaterBody"/><rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction><owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#FeedingFrom"/><owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="#FloatingSource"/>
</owl:Restriction></rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Proposed Ontology ( Some Classes )
Floating Source<owl:Class rdf:ID="FloatingSource">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#WaterSource"/></owl:Class>
River<owl:Class rdf:ID="River">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#FloatingSource"/><rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction><owl:onProperty rdf:resource="#EmptiesInto"/><owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="#Sea"/><owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="#Lake"/>
</owl:Restriction></rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Proposed Ontology ( Properties)Empties Into
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="EmptiesInto"><rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#River"/><rdfs:range rdf:resource="#WaterBody"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
Feeds From<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="FeedsFrom">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#InverseFunctionalProperty"/><owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="#emptiesInto"/><rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#WaterBody"/><rdfs:range rdf:resource="#River"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
Connects To.....Contained In.....Established On......
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Proposed Ontology Diagram ( Cont.)
River Sea
Empties Into Event
Feeding From Event
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Defined Objects for POC
• Objects that are subject to this presentation will be specified :Rivers : KızılırmakSea : Black Sea
• RelationsEmpyties Into : Kızılırmak -> Black SeaFeeding From : Black Sea -> Kızılırmak
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
<River rdf:ID="Kizilirmak"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns="example.org/WaterSource#">
<EmptiesInto rdf:resource="example.org/#BlackSea"/>
<ContainedIn rdf:resource="example.org/#KizilirmakBasin"/>
</River>
<Sea rdf:ID="BlackSea"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns="example.org/WaterSource#">
<FeedingFrom rdf:resource="example.org/#Kizilirmak"/>
</Sea>
Finally – RDF RDF Description
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Finally – Graphical Description
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Further Proposal
• All INSPIRE data themes needs to be investigated anda general INSPIRE Ontology Language(INSPIRONTOLOGY) needs to be prepared.
• An ontology reading engine should be prepared whichwill read the INSPIRONTOLOGY and producequery results for regular citizens through web searchengines.
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Further Proposal Cont.
Annex I
Annex II
Annex III
INSPIRONTOLOGY
Web Search Engines
Regular Users
INSPIRE Ontology Reader
Service
ERDOĞDU, GÜLER / Geo Ontology for INSPIRE Data Themes
Thank you...
- This is where Kızılırmak empties into Black Sea -