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sarsMxan;énsMNuMerOg 002

Searching for the Truth: Memory & Justice

Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam)P.O. Box 111066 Sihanouk BoulevardPhnom Penh, CAMBODIATelephone: +855 (23) 211-875Fax: +855 (23) 210-358Email: dccam@online.com.khWebsite: www.dccam.org www.cambodiatribunal.org

GENOCIDEWho Are the Senior Khmer Rouge Leaders to Be Judged?: The Importance of Case 002Jaya Ramji-NogalesAnne Heindel

Editors for PublicationDacil Q. KeoAlex Hinton

TranslatorsPeou Dara VanthanSoksreinith Ten

Funding for this project was generously provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and Swedish International Development Agency (Sida).

Funding for the publication was provided by the Human Rights and Good Governance department of the Royal Danish Embassy, Phnom Penh.

Copyright © 2010 by the Documentation Center of Cambodia. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover and brochure concept: Youk ChhangGraphic design: Yvonne WongGraphic design (Khmer version): Sopheak Sim and Sovanndany Kim

Printed in Cambodia (First publication: 500,000 copies in Khmer; 10,000 in English)This material is used for a traveling exhibition across Cambodia’s provinces and universities, in America, and in Europe. The exhibition, designed by Youk Chhang, is titled, “The Resistance to the Khmer Rouge Genocide: Arms and Emotion.”

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ma:yexIl EpsEmn (Michael Pestman) nigmñak; eToteQ�aH vikT½r kUbeB (Victor Koppe).

sRmab;B½t’manbEnßmTak;Tinnwg nYn Ca sUmemIlelIcMNucB½t’manTak;TgnwgsMNMuerOg ³

www.eccc.gov.kh/ khmer/case002.aspx

Above Left: Nuon Chea at his pre-trial hearing in the ECCC courtroom, Phnom Penh. Photo by Heng Sinith. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Above Right: A monk from a pagoda located in Phnom Srok district, Banteay Mean Chey province. The pagoda was used as a rice ware-house by the Khmer Rouge. Next to the pagoda was one of the largest Khmer Rouge irrigation sites called Trapeang Thmar. Photo by Youk Chhang. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Top: Chi Kreng Pagoda, located in Chi Kreng commune, Chi Kreng district, Siem Reap province. The pagoda was built in 1910 and was recently demolished for the construction of a new pagoda. During the demolition, hundreds of artifacts were unearthed including porcelain and clay wares, jewelry, swords, and coins dating back to at least the mid 19th century. During the Khmer Rouge regime, monks from the pagoda were disrobed and made to work near the Tonle Sap Lake. Photo by David Salazar. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Right Bottom: A Khmer Rouge document written by S-21 prison chief Duch (Kaing Geuk Eav) on October 1, 1976. The letter is addressed to Comrade Pon and encourages Pon to use “hot torture methods…even if it may cause death” upon Ya, a prisoner accused of “hiding his enemies lines and traitorous acts.” Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Letter Translation:

Dear Comrade Pon:

1. Before ten to nine this morning, based on the document and report gathered from our comrades, I reported to Angkar about Ya’s case concerning his conscience.

2. Angkar made a decision that if the lowlife Ya continues hiding his enemy lines and traitorous acts, Angkar will decide to kill him. This action was taken in order to stop him from playing tricks on us. One time, he accidently mentioned it, [the book] and then another time he denied the [existence of ] the entire whole book. His action was regarded as disrespectful towards not only the Security Committee but also the Party.

3. Therefore, you Comrade can employ hot torture methods with force for long periods of time upon Brother Ya. Even if it may cause death, you Comrade, will be not accused of disobeying Party regulations.

With warm revolutionary fraternity!

DuchOctober 1, 1976

[On the original letter, Pon wrote a message on the bottom left corner as follows:]Brother Ya told you to read this in order to think carefully about it. Pon

4

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www.eccc.gov.kh/khmer/case_iengthirith.aspx

A permission letter from a hospital during Democratic Kampuchea. At the top right corner, the Khmer Rouge motto is represented in the six words: Independence, Peace, Neutrality, Sovereignty, Democracy, and Prosperous and Abundant Living Standard. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

From Angkar’s Special HospitalMay 4, 1977

To Pha, my beloved daughter!

I am now in a great danger because the C.I.A had poisoned me in order to kill me.

Nowadays I am being given a thorough treatment by Angkar in Ang-kar’s Special Hospital. It is uncertain whether or not they can save me. Do not go and ask further since this issue is a secret matter.

In 1968, the traitorous Lon Nol, the American servant, detained and aggressively tortured me, and to date the American C.I.A has continu-ously attempted to kill me.

You must endlessly take revenge, class revenge on the imperialist, the C.I.A, the Vietnamese expansionist, the K.G.B (if you target the Soviet), and must forever pass [this revenge] on to the next generation.

You have to lead your siblings to join the cooperative of collective peasants under the sole and rightful leadership of Communist Party of Kampuchea in order to fight against the enemy and build up the socialism of Democratic Kampuchea prosperously with the pace of a

super great leap forward.

Chea stayed with Grandpa Chea in Ta Khmao while your mother stayed in a textile and garment office in Kandal Stung District (Kantuot). You do not have to find them because the road is very difficult. Try to work hard and develop yourself and your siblings with the movement of collectivism under the Party Leadership.

You should live with your aunt because she is frequently ill and no one looks after her. Everyone shall live in the village cooperative.

I would like to say goodbye to you, my beloved daughter, with endless revenge and class revenge on the imperialist, the C.I.A, the Vietnamese expansionist, and the K.G.B until my last breath. I would like to kiss you from a distance, and unwillingly part from you with great pain.

The wise and correct policies of Communist Party of Kampuchea with a super great leap forward!

May 4, 1977Angkar’s Special HospitalTum (your father)

8 9

A pair of earrings found during the demolition of the Chi Kreng Pagoda. The Chi Kreng pagoda was built in 1910 in place of a brick pagoda that dated back to the mid-19th century. The brick pagoda was constructed on the grounds of an ancient temple estimated to have been seven meters high and surrounded by a 100-meter square moat. Photo by Terith Chy. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Top: A letter written by “Tum” on May 4, 1977 from Angkar’s Special Hospital. In the letter addressed to his daughter Pha, Tum writes that he has been poisoned by the C.I.A. and is being treated in Angkar’s Special Hospital. Angkar’s Special Hospital was used to treat Khmer Rouge officials during Democratic Kampuchea. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Ieng Thirith at her pre-trial hearing in the ECCC courtroom, Phnom Penh. Photo by Chhor Sokunthea Source: ECCC Public Affairs Office.

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sRmab;B½t’manbEnßmTak;Tinnwg eGog sarI sUmemIlelIcMNucB½t’manTak;TgnwgsMNMuerOg ³

www.eccc.gov.kh/khmer/case_iengsary.aspx

12

Above and Opposite Page: Swords used by the Cham Muslim minority in their rebellion against the Khmer Rouge during Democratic Kampuchea. The sword on the right was donated to DC-Cam by Ms. Kup Aishah in 2008 from Trapeang Chhouk village, Boeng commune, Baray district, Kampong Thom village. The sword on the left was donated by Sos Ponyamin in 2002 from Svay Khleang village, Svay Khleang commune, Kroch Chhmar district, Kampong Cham province. Photo by Jim Mizerski. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Ieng Sary at his pre-trial hearing in the ECCC courtroom, Phnom Penh. Photo by Heng Sinith. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Tran Thi Loi, Ieng Sary’s mother (middle) in Vietnam. Tran Thi Loi immi-grated to Vietnam with her parents from China when she was a child. She married Kim Riem, a Kampuchea Krom native, and they had three children. Ieng Sary, whose birth name was Kim Srei, was the youngest of the three children. Ieng left his home village in southern Vietnam to attend high school in Phnom Penh’s Sisowath High school and in 1950 traveled to France on an academic scholarship. According to an interview with his nephew Thach Vutha, Ieng only visited his home village once before leaving for France. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Letter translation:

To Brother 703,

Please be informedI would like to inform you that I am three months pregnant. Therefore I request that you allow me to abort the baby by injection do not wish to have any blood ties with this traitor. What is your recommendation? Please let me know.

Signed by Met

A letter written by “Met” to “Brother 703” during Democratic Kampuchea. In the let-ter, Met informs Brother 703 that she is three months pregnant and wishes to abort the baby by injection. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

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www.eccc.gov.kh/khmer/case_khieusamphan.aspx

___________________________

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The mailing addresses from letters written by Tep Sopheap. The left document reads: “To Father Tep Meong, Tuol Sokram village, Trapeang Sdao commune, Romeas Hek district, Svay Rieng region, Zone 203; From your son Tep Sopheap, Office of Division 3, Under the Authority of ‘Y.TH’.” The second set of addresses (right) contain the same information. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Khieu Samphan at his pre-trial hearing in the ECCC courtroom, Phnom Penh. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

A letter written by Tep Sopheap to his father Tep Meong in 1978. In the letter, Tep Sopheap writes that he has not heard from his father and other family members and misses them greatly. He also tells them that Brother Ien died in the battlefield. Tep ends the letter by encouraging them to trust Angkar and to work hard growing rice. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Translation of letter on opposite page:

Missing you

I would like to extend my profound respect and regards to my beloved father, mother, brothers and sisters. Please know that it has been such a long time that I have been constantly daydreaming and missing you all. Each minute of each day, I have been missing all of you whom I love, all of the time. So far, I have not heard whether you are all fine or not; therefore I took this opportunity to write a letter and to ask how everyone is doing. Last month, I received news that Brother Ien sacrificed his life on the battlefield. Although he has passed away, you do not need to feel grieved over his death father and brothers; it was his duty to defend the country that is his and ours. Therefore, all of you must have a clear mind and put your faith in Angkar. Thus, father and brothers, you have to bear this suffering due to the enemy expansionists, enemy aggressors, and all other types of remaining enemies. Therefore, you all must fight against the enemy and be committed to your work growing rice to fulfill the Party plan.

Furthermore father and brothers, you have to hold a strong stance and consciousness to work and also sacrifice all personal belongings along with your sense of family ties in order to faithfully serve the worker and collective classes of the Party. Therefore, all of you bear in mind compassion, faithfulness, and a sense of collectivism; you must not have misgivings about the Party. By the way, as for me, I have been fine.

To conclude, I would like to wish father and all members of our fam-ily good health and vigorous strength to serve collectivism and work growing rice according to the Party’s orders.

On the 7th of 1978Signature,Tep Sopheap

P.S: Father and Brother, after receiving this letter please let me know the condition of our family.

Translation of cover letters above:

left cover:

To father Tep Meong Tuol Sokram village, Trapeang Sdao commune,Romeas Hek district, Svay Rieng region

From your son, Tep SopheapOffice of Division 3

right cover:

To father Tep MeongTuol Sokram village, Trapeang Sdao commune, Romeas Hek district, Svay Rieng region, zone “203”

From your son, Tep SopheapOffice of Division 3Under the authority of “Y. TH”

16 17

Above: A letter written by Comrade Soy to Comrade Duch on January 5, 1977. Comrade Soy writes about the “traitorous acts” of Saret (a member of the East Zone) which include raping female construction workers, being irresponsible and careless with his work, and constantly arguing with other comrades. The letter notes that “Angkar at the high level decided to arrest him and send him to the security office.” It ends with Soy asking for Duch’s assistance in handling this matter. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Translation of letter on opposite page:

Dear Comrade Duch with love and regards,

I would like to report the acts of Saret who is from the Security Office as follows:

- Saret, a member of East Zone, has been committing traitorous acts serving the enemy scheme as follows:- He threw stones, broke into female construction workers’ houses at night, and raped female comrades who were sleeping. He then alleged that military soldiers living nearby were the ones who broke into their homes and raped them. As a consequence, this led to suspicion and quarrel between the construction workers and the military soldiers there.- Saret was a worker in the bike rubber tire factory near Tuol Kork.- After having investigated the acts of throwing stone and raping, it is evident that it was Saret who committed these acts.- He roamed, communicated, and worked freely. Furthermore, he did not follow his assignments.- He instigated others to complain about not having enough to eat and having too much work. - He was irresponsible and careless with his work. He sometimes left work, which caused a lot of damage. For instance, he over-steamed the rubber until it burned; each time he did this, hundreds of kilograms of rubber were lost.- He created cliques to criticize each zone, saying that one zone was

good while another zone was bad.- He continuously quarreled with other comrades.

As for Saret’s case, Angkar of the high level decided to arrest and send him to the Security Office. Therefore, I would like to ask for your assis-tance through Comrade Thorn from the Ministry of Industry.

Official StampMinistry of IndustryDemocratic Kampuchea Independence Peace Neutrality

With profound revolutionary fraternityJanuary 05, 1977

SignatureComrade Soy

18 19

Two Khmer Rouge soldiers: Phal (left) and Meas Sakhouen (right). Meas joined the Khmer Rouge army in 1971 at the age of 17. Both men are from Kraham Kor village, Chantrey commune, Romeas Hek district, Svay Rieng province. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

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TUrs½BÞelx ³ 023 211 875

TUrsarelx ³ 023 210 358

GuIem:l ³ dccam@online.com.kheKhTMB½r ³ www.dccam.org nig www.cambodiatribunal.org

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For more information about the ECCC, please contact:Reach Sambath

Chief of Public Affairs OfficeExtraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC )

Mobile: +855-12 488 156Fax: +855-23 219 841

Email: reach.sambath@eccc.gov.kh

Reach Sambath (middle, wearing a long-sleeve shirt), head of the ECCC’s Public Affairs Office, posing with a visiting group of Cham Muslim leaders in front of the ECCC courtroom, January 2007. Photo by Dacil Q. Keo. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Left: A key discovered during the demolition of the Chi Kreng Pagoda in Siem Reap province. The key is estimated to be approximately 300 years old, dating farther than the pagoda itself which was built in 1910 on the site of an an-cient temple. Photo by Terith Chy. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

Background Photo: Khmer Rouge Hospital P1 Organizational Chart. Source: DC-Cam Archives.

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