GENETICS PRACTICE Watch videos BOZEMAN- Beginners Guide to
Punnett Squares BOZEMAN- Beginners Guide to Punnett Squares
BOZEMAN- Mendelian genetics BOZEMAN- Advanced genetics MENDELS PEA
EXPERIMENTSP 1 = Parental F 1 = Filial (pffspring) F 2 = Filial
(pffspring) Refresh your Bio Brain about: GENETICS VOCAB DOMINANT:
RECESSIVE: HOMOZYGOUS (pure-breeding): HETEROZYGOUS (hybrid):
GENOTYPE: PHENOTYPE: Refresh your Bio Brain about: GENETICS VOCAB
DOMINANT: RECESSIVE: gene that is hidden by another represented by
lower case letter gene that hides another represented by capital
letter Refresh your Bio Brain about: GENETICS VOCAB HOMOZYGOUS
(pure-breeding): HETEROZYGOUS (hybrid): Organism with two identical
alleles for a gene TT OR tt Organism with two different alleles for
a gene Tt Refresh your Bio Brain about: GENETICS VOCAB GENOTYPE:
PHENOTYPE: Genetic make up of an organism What genes it has
Appearance of an organism Way it looks It can be written as a:
Fraction ____ Percent ____ Ratio ____ Probability is the likelihood
that an event will occur 1/4 25% 1:3 COIN FLIP There are 2 possible
outcomes: HEADS TAILSThe chance the coin will land on either one
is: ____ ____ ____ Alleles segregate randomly just like a coin
flip... So can use probability to predict outcomes of genetic
crosses. 1/2 50% 1:1 NOT 1:2! IN PEAS: R = round T = tall Y =
yellow peas P = purple flowers r = wrinkled t = short y = green
peas p = white flowers rrrr R GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE ____________
___________ _______ show dominant phenotype _______ show recessive
phenotype Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS ROUND pea plant X
PURE-BREEDING WRINKLED pea plant Show probabilities for: genotypes
and phenotypes of possible offspring Rr ROUND 100% 4/4 0% 0/4 tttt
T GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE ____________ ___________ _______ show dominant
phenotype _______ show recessive phenotype Make a cross between a
HOMOZYGOUS TALL pea plant X HOMOZGYOUS SHORT pea plant Show
probabilities for: genotypes and phenotypes of possible offspring
Tt TALL 100% 4/4 0% 0/4 WHATs THE PATTERN? HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT pea
plant X HOMOZGYOUS RECESSIVE pea plant DO ONE IN YOUR HEAD
HOMOZYGOUS PURPLE FLOWER X HOMOZGYOUS WHITE FLOWER pea plants ALL
Pp 100% PURPLE FLOWERS 0% WHITE FLOWERS IN PEAS: R = round T = tall
Y = yellow peas P = purple flowers r = wrinkled t = short y = green
peas p = white flowers YyYy Y y GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE ____________
___________ _______________________ _______________________ _______
show dominant phenotype _______ show recessive phenotype _________
phenotypic ratio Make a cross between a HETEROZYGOUS YELLOW pea
plant X HYBRID GREEN pea plant Show probabilities for: genotypes
and phenotypes of possible offspring YY Yy Yy yy YY YELLOW 75% 3/4
25% 1/4 Yy yyGREEN YELLOW ____________ genotypic ratio 1:2:1 3:1
TtTt T t GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE ____________ ___________
_______________________ _______________________ _______ show
dominant phenotype _______ show recessive phenotype _________
phenotypic ratio 3:1 Make a cross between a HETEROZYGOUS TALL pea
plant X HETEROZYGOUS SHORT pea plant Show probabilities for:
genotypes and phenotypes of possible offspring TT Tt Tt tt TT TALL
75% 3/4 25% 1/4 Tt ttSHORT TALL ____________ genotypic ratio 1:2:1
WHATs THE PATTERN? HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT pea plant X HOMOZGYOUS
RECESSIVE pea plant DO ONE IN YOUR HEAD HOMOZYGOUS PURPLE FLOWER X
HOMOZGYOUS WHITE FLOWER pea plants ______ PURPLE? ______ WHITE?
_____ PP? _____ Pp? _____ pp? _________ genotypic ratio _______
phenotypic ratio 75% 25% 50% 25% 1:2:13:1 POSSIBLE PARENT GAMETES?
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT __________________________ POSSIBLE PARENT
GAMETES? TRTR TRTR TRTR TRTR INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT TTRRTTRR
________________________ POSSIBLE PARENT GAMETES? trtr trtr trtr
trtr INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT ttrrttrr ________________________ TR tr
GENOTYPE _____________ PHENOTYPE ____________ TtRr TtRr TtRr TtRr
TtRr TtRr TtRr TtRr TtRr TtRr TtRr TrRr TrRr TrRr TtRr TtRr TrRr
TALL & ROUND POSSIBLE PARENT GAMETES? TRTR trtr TrTr tRtR
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT TtRrTtRr ________________________ POSSIBLE
PARENT GAMETES? RYRY ryry RyRy rYrY INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT RrYyRrYy
________________________ RYRyrYry RY Ry rY ry ____ Round &
Yellow ____ Round & green ____ Wrinkled & yellow ____
wrinkled & green RYRyrYry RY Ry rY ry ____ Round & Yellow
____ Round & green ____ Wrinkled & yellow ____ wrinkled
& green RRYY RRYy RrYYRrYy RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy RrYY RrYy rrYY
rrYy RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy RYRyrYry RY Ry rY ry Sign of HETEROZYGOUS
DIHYBRID cross Whats the pattern? ____ Round & Yellow ____
Round & green ____ Wrinkled & yellow ____ wrinkled &
green RRYY RRYy RrYYRrYy RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy
RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy __________ratio is a clue that its a
____________________________cross ____ ____________ TRAIT 1 ;
____________ TRAIT 2 ____ ____________ TRAIT 1; _____________ TRAIT
:3:3:1 HETEROZYGOUS TWO gene dominant dominant recessive recessive
dominant recessive NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE INCOMPLETE
DOMINANCECOMPLETE DOMINANCE F 2 generation- Not a 3:1 ratio
Heterozygote= blended intermediate phenotype HETEROZYGOTE: Both
traits are expressed together (NO BLENDING) Roan horse has BOTH red
& white hair (NOT A PINK HORSE! CO-DOMINANCE NON-MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE An A allele AND a B allele make BOTH A and B
GLYCOPROTEINS = AB Blood type RWRW R W GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE
____________ ___________ _______________________
_______________________ _________ phenotypic ratio 1:2:1 Make a
cross between TWO HETEROZYGOUS ROAN HORSES Show probabilities for:
genotypes and phenotypes of possible offspring RR RW RW WW RRRED
25% 1/4 50% 1/2 RW WWWHITE ROAN ____________ genotypic ratio 1:2:1
25% 1/4 WWWW R GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE ____________ ___________
_________ ROAN offspring Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS RED
HORSE and HOMOZYGOUS WHITE HORSE Show probabilities for: genotypes
and phenotypes of possible offspring RW 100% RW ROAN BLOOD TYPE
MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT & CODOMINANT TRAIT ALLELES: ____ ____
____ NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE _____ allele is dominant to _____
allele. _____ allele is dominant to _____ allele. _____ and _____
are CODOMINANT. BOTH SHOW TOGETHER BLOOD TYPE MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT
& CODOMINANT TRAIT ALLELES: ____ ____ ____ NON-MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE _____ allele is dominant to _____ allele. _____ allele
is dominant to _____ allele. _____ and _____ are CODOMINANT. BOTH
SHOW TOGETHER A B O AO B O A B SEX-LINKED GENES Some genes are
carried on SEX chromosomes X-linked recessive disorders: Hemophilia
Color blindness Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy XX= ________________ XY
= ________________ X-linked traits show up more frequently in males
No backup X to cover for the broken gene FEMALES MALES X-LINKED
Cross a colorblind male with a normal vision (non-carrier) female X
c Y XCXC XCXC X C X c X C Y PHENOTYPE 100% normal vision 50% normal
males 50% carrier females X-LINKED Cross a hemophilia male with a
carrier female X h Y XHXh XHXh X H X h X H Y X h X h X h Y
PHENOTYPE 25%- hemophilia female 25%- hemophilia male 25%- normal
male 25% - normal (carrier) females TEST CROSSES TEST CROSSES
Dominant looking parent could have these genotypes: ________ OR
__________ Can t tell which by looking. Test cross used to
determine which it is. ALWAYS TESTCROSS WITH A
_________________________________ Offspring provide clue about
genotype of unknown parent. HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE Tt TT TEST CROSSES
t T T T t t Tt tt Tt All offspring will be TALL 50% will be TALL
50% will be SHORT If any offspring show the recessive trait...
unknown parent genotype was ________. If all offspring show the
dominant trait... still dont know. BOTH genotypes could produce
offspring that look dominant! Tt Deafness in dogs is caused by a
recessive allele. Deaf dogs have the genotype dd. You have a
hearing dog. Do a test cross to determine its genotype. d D D D d d
d Dd dd Dd dd Dd Dd An actual test cross results in a litter with:
5 hearing puppies 0 deaf puppies What can you conclude?
Firebreathing (F) in dragons is dominant over NON-firebreathing
(f). You have a fire-breathing dragon. What possible alleles could
the fire-breathing parent have? _______ OR ________ EXPLAIN how you
could use a TEST CROSS to help determine the parental genotype.
Show the results of test crossing BOTH OF THE POSSIBLE PARENT
GENOTYPES: An actual test cross results in a litter with: 6
firebreathing dragons 1 NON-firebreather EXPLAIN how you could use
these results to determine the correct parental genotype. TEST
CROSS Used to determine genotype of unknown DOMINANT LOOKING parent
Always cross with HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE (EX: tt) Observe offspring-
If any offspring show recessive trait know parent was HETEROZYGOUS
If all offspring show DOMINANT trait... Still dont know genotype.
Do another test cross. Both TT and Tt can produce tall offspring
with tt cross DRAGONS An actual test cross results in a litter
with: 6 firebreathing dragons 1 NON-firebreather ffff F F F f f f
Ff ff Ff Ff What can you conclude? Unknown parent genotype is Ff
Only way you can get a NON-FIREBREATHER Write a NULL hypothesis
that describes the mode of inheritance for the trait (purple eyes)
I would expect this pattern in the F 1 offspring
_______________________________ I would expect this pattern in the
F 2 offspring ________________________________ THERE IS NO
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE OBSERVED DATA AND THE EXPECTED DATA IF
PURPLE EYES IS A(N) _________________ ____________ TRAIT p p p +p+p
F 1 100% wild typeF 2 75% wild type 25% purple eyed +p ++ +p +p pp
IF YOU IGNORE SEX: If 1000 flies, expect 750 to be wild type and
250 to be purple eyed If you DONT IGNORE SEX: 375 WT MALES 125
purple eyed MALES 375 WY FEMALES 125 purple eyed FEMALES Calculate
Chi-square DO YOU ACCEPT OR REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS? There is no
difference between the frequencies observed and the frequencies
expected if PURPLE eyes is an autosomal recessive trait. H0-H0- m m
+ +m IF GENE is AUTOSOMAL and RECESSIVE TO + MALES:FEMALES 1:1 + m
+ m ++ +m +m mmF 1 All = +m (wildtype) F 2 = ++ 75% wildtype = +m =
mm 25% mutant 3:1 M M + +M IF GENE is AUTOSOMAL and DOMINANT TO +
MALES:FEMALES 1:1 + M + M ++ +M +M MM F 1 All = +M (mutant) F2 = ++
25% wildtype = +M = MM 75% mutant 1:3 X + y X m X + X m X m y IF
GENE is X-linked recessive Different pattern if gene is inherited
from mom or dad Mutant mom X wild type dad X m y X + X m 50% normal
females 50% mutant males X + X m X+y X m X m X m y When using
Virtual fly lab Choose ignore sex and see if it changes the ratios
25% normal females 25% mutant females 25% mutant males 25% normal
males F1 POSSIBLE PARENT GAMETES? RYRY ryry RyRy rYrY INDEPENDENT
ASSORTMENT RrYyRrYy ________________________ RYRyrYry RY Ry rY ry
Sign of HETEROZYGOUS DIHYBRID cross Whats the pattern? ____ Round
& Yellow ____ Round & green ____ Wrinkled & yellow ____
wrinkled & green RRYY RRYy RrYYRrYy RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy RrYY
RrYy rrYY rrYy RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy If CLOSE TOGETHER on homologous
chromosomes, STAY TOGETHER and end up together 100% of time Act
like one gene CROSSING OVER If far apart on homologous chromosomes,
end up together 50% of timeRECOMBINANTS- Put different
maternal/paternal alleles together on different chromosomes
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENTIf on different chromosomes, END UP TOGETHER
50% of time. __________ratio is a clue that its a
____________________________cross ____ ____________ TRAIT 1 ;
____________ TRAIT 2 ____ ____________ TRAIT 1; _____________ TRAIT
:3:3:1 HETEROZYGOUS TWO gene dominant dominant recessive recessive
dominant recessive A large ear of corn has a total of 433 kernals,
including 271 purple & starchy, 73 purple & sweet, 63
yellow & starchy, and 26 yellow & sweet. HYPOTHESIS: This
ear of corn was produced by a dihybrid cross (PpSs X PpSs)
involving two pairs of heterozygous genes resulting in a
theoretical (expected) ratio of 9:3:3:1. Test your hypothesis using
Chi-square and probability values. SHOW YOUR WORK! H 0 - There is
no difference between the frequencies observed and the frequencies
expected for a HETEROZYGOUS DIHYBRID (9:3:3:1) cross. TOTAL = 433
offspring IF 9:3:3:1 then expect: Purple & Starchy = 433 X 9/16
= Purple & Sweet = 433 X 3/16 = Yellow & Starchy = 433 X
3/16 = Yellow & Sweet = 433 X 1/16 = = is larger than 7.82
REJECT THE NULL There is a difference between observed and expected
for 9:3:3:1 = NOT A 9:3:3:1 cross What is the probability? AaBbCcDd
parent genome What is the probability of producing a gamete with
this gene combination? ABCD _____________________________ aBcD
_______________________________ What is the probability? AaBbCcDd
parent genome What is the probability of producing a gamete with
this gene combination? ABCD _____________________________ aBcD
_______________________________ X X X = 1/16 X X X = 1/16 What is
the probability? AaBbCcDD parent genome What is the probability of
producing a gamete with this gene combination? abcD
_____________________________ abcd _______________________________
AbcD ______________________________ What is the probability?
AaBbCcDD parent genome What is the probability of producing a
gamete with this gene combination? abcD
_____________________________ abcd ______________________________
AbcD ______________________________ X X X 1 = 1/8 X X X 0 = 0 X X X
1 = 1/8 What is the probability? AaBbCcDd X AaBbCcDd parents What
is the probability of producing a offspring with this gene
combination? aabbccDd _____________________________
AaBBccDD______________________________
AaBBCCDd______________________________ _ What is the probability?
AaBbCcDd X AaBbCcDd parents What is the probability of producing a
offspring with this gene combination? aabbccdd
_____________________________
AaBBccDD______________________________
AaBBCCDd______________________________ _ X X X X X X X X X = 1/256
= 1/128 = 1/64 What is the probability? AaBbCcDd X AaBbCcDd parents
What is the probability of producing a offspring with this gene
combination? AABbCcDd _____________________________
AaBBccdd______________________________
AaBbCcDd_______________________________ What is the probability?
AaBbCcDd X AaBbCcDd parents What is the probability of producing a
offspring with this gene combination? AABbCcDd
_____________________________
AaBBccdd______________________________
AaBbCcDd_______________________________ X X X X X X X X X = 1/32 =
1/128 =1/16 PEDIGREES = male; doesnt show trait = female; doesnt
show trait = shows trait = carrier; doesnt show trait Circle all
males that show the trait BLUE Circle all females that show the
trait RED Circle all carrier females GREEN Circle all carrier males
PURPLE If this is an autosomal recessive trait, what is the
genotype of individual #1? If this is an autosomal recessive trait,
what is the genotype of individual # 2? If this is an autosomal
recessive trait, what is the genotype of individual #3? 12 34
Circle all males that show the trait BLUE Circle all females that
show the trait RED Circle all carrier females GREEN Circle all
carrier males PURPLE If this is an autosomal recessive trait, what
is the genotype of individual #1? If this is an autosomal recessive
trait, what is the genotype of individual # 2? If this is an
autosomal recessive trait, what is the genotype of individual #3?
Is it possible that this pedigree is for an autosomal recessive
trait? Is it possible that this pedigree is for an X-linked
recessive trait? Write the genotype of each individual next to the
symbol. Is it possible that this pedigree is for an autosomal
recessive trait? Is it possible that this pedigree is for an
X-linked recessive trait? Write the genotype of each individual
next to the symbol. Aa aa Aa or AA YES Is it possible that this
pedigree is for an autosomal recessive trait? Is it possible that
this pedigree is for an X-linked recessive trait? Write the
genotype of each individual next to the symbol. X B Y X B X b X b X
B Y NO The inheritance of the disorder in II-3 from his father
rules out what form of
inheritance?m9ibGVtcyAod2l0aCBhbnN3ZXJzKSBUaGlzIGlzIHRoZSBkZWdyZWUgb2YgZGlmZmljdWx0eSBvZiAuLi4=
Cant be X-linked recessive Males get their X-linked allele from
their mother If dad passed to son it must be AUTOSOMAL X b Y Is
this trait inherited as AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE? Is this trait
inherited as AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE?aa a Aa AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
POSSIBLE Is this trait inherited as AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT ?Aa aa a aa
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT IMPOSSIBLE Is this trait inherited as X-LINKED
RECESSIVE?XaXaXaXa X A Y X-LINKED RECESSIVE IMPOSSIBLE X a Y X a
XaYXaY Is this trait inherited as X-LINKED DOMINANT?XAXaXAXa X a Y
X-LINKED DOMINANT IMPOSSIBLE XAYXAY X a XaYXaY XAYXAY X A X ? X a Y
PATTERNS ARE THE KEY Image modified from: MAKING PUNNETT
PREDICTIONS USING CHI-SQUARE TO ANALYZE GENETICS DATACROSS BETWEEN
A RED EYED (WILD TYPE) FEMALE AND PURPLE EYED MALE DATA: F WT
females; 615 WT males F WT females; 147 purple eyed females; 451 WT
males; 138 Purple eyed males IGNORE SEX : 911 WT flies; 285 purple
eyed flies pur pur + + p + p p + p p p USING CHI-SQUARE TO ANALYZE
GENETICS DATACROSS BETWEEN A RED EYED (WILD TYPE) FEMALE AND SEPIA
EYED MALE DATA: F WT females; 497 WT males F 2 - XXXX WT females;
XXXX sepia eyed females; XXXXX WT males; XXXXX sepia eyed males se
se + + se se + se + se se + se + se se se There is no difference
between the frequencies observed and the frequencies expected if
sepia eyes is an autosomal recessive trait. H0-H0- P1P1 F male WT
590 female WT F female WT 326 male WT 281 male Yellow body Female
WT Male yellow body t + t + X t+ Y t + t + X t+ X t+ y y + +y IF
GENE is AUTOSOMAL and RECESSIVE TO + MALES:FEMALES 1:1 + y + y ++
+y +y yyF 1 All = +y (wildtype) F 2 = ++ 75% wildtype = +y = yy 25%
yellow body 3:1 Y Y + +Y IF GENE is AUTOSOMAL and DOMINANT TO +
MALES:FEMALES 1:1 + Y + Y ++ + Y +Y YY F 1 All = +Y (yellow body) F
2 = ++ 25% wildtype = +Y = YY 75% mutant 1:3 X + y X m X + X m X m
y IF GENE is X-linked recessive Different pattern if gene is
inherited from mom or dad Mutant mom X wild type dad X m y X + X m
50% normal females 50% mutant males X + X m X+y X m X m X m y When
using Virtual fly lab Choose ignore sex and see if it changes the
ratios 25% normal females 25% mutant females 25% mutant males 25%
normal males F1 X t y X t+ X t+ X t+ X t+ y X t+ X t X t+ y IF GENE
is X-linked recessive Different pattern if gene is inherited from
mom or dad Wild type mom X yellow body dad X t+ y X t+ X t 50%
normal females 50% normal males X t+ X t+ X t+ y X t+ X t X t y
When using Virtual fly lab Choose ignore sex and see if it changes
the ratios 50% Wild type FEMALE 25% tan MALES 25% Wild type males
F1F1 F2F2 X + y X M X + X M X M y IF GENE is X-linked dominant
MUTANT MOM X WILD TYPE DAD X M y X + X M 50% mutant females 50%
mutant males X + X M X + y X M X M X M y When using Virtual fly lab
Choose ignore sex and see if it changes the ratios F1 F2 50% mutant
females 25% wild type males 25% mutant males X M y X + X + X M X +
y IF GENE is X-linked dominant WILD TYPE MOM X MUTANT DAD X + y X +
X M 50% mutant females 50% normal males X + X + X + y X + X M X M y
When using Virtual fly lab Choose ignore sex and see if it changes
the ratios 25% wild type females 25% mutant females 25% wild type
males 25% mutant males F1 F2 If CLOSE TOGETHER on homologous
chromosomes, STAY TOGETHER and end up together 100% of time Act
like one gene CROSSING OVER If far apart on homologous chromosomes,
end up together 50% of timeRECOMBINANTS- Put different
maternal/paternal alleles together on different chromosomes
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENTIf on different chromosomes, END UP TOGETHER
50% of time. A Wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body and
normal wings) is mated with a black fly with vestigial wings.
OFFSPRING: 778- wild type 785- black-vestigial 158- black- normal
wings 162- gray body-vestigial wings Is it 9:3:3:1? (2 genes on 2
different chromosomes) Is it 3 Wild type : 1 black vestigial?
(linked on homologous chromosomes) A Wild type fruit fly
(heterozygous for gray body and normal wings) is mated with a black
fly with vestigial wings. OFFSPRING: 778- wild type 785-
black-vestigial 158- black- normal wings 162- gray body-vestigial
wings What is the recombination frequency between these genes? A
Wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body and normal wings)
is mated with a black fly with vestigial wings. OFFSPRING: 778-
wild type 785- black-vestigial 158- black- normal wings 162- gray
body-vestigial wings Recombinants = Total 320 = 17% 1883 A Wild
type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body and normal wings) is
mated with a black fly with vestigial wings. OFFSPRING: 778- wild
type 785- black-vestigial 158- black- normal wings 162- gray
body-vestigial wings What is the recombination frequency between
these genes? A Wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body and
normal wings) is mated with a black fly with vestigial wings.
OFFSPRING: 778- wild type 785- black-vestigial 158- black- normal
wings 162- gray body-vestigial wings What is the recombination
frequency between these genes? Recombinants = Total 314 = 16.7%
1877 A Wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body and red
eyes) is mated with a black fly with purple eyes. OFFSPRING: 721-
gray body/red eyes 751- black body/purple eyes 49- gray body/purple
eyes 45- black body/red-eyes What is the recombination frequency
between these genes? A Wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray
body and red eyes) is mated with a black fly with purple eyes.
OFFSPRING: 721- gray body/red eyes 751- black body/purple eyes 49-
gray body/purple eyes 45- black body/red-eyes What is the
recombination frequency between these genes? Recombinants = Total
94 = 6 % 1566 A Wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for normal
bristles and red eyes) is mated with a spineless bristle fly with
sepia eyes. OFFSPRING: 648- normal bristles/red eyes 681- spineless
bristles/sepia eyes 72- normal bristles/sepia eyes 83- spineless
bristles/red-eyes What is the recombination frequency between these
genes? A Wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for normal bristles and
red eyes) is mated with a spineless bristle fly with sepia eyes.
OFFSPRING: 648- normal bristles/red eyes 681- spineless
bristles/sepia eyes 72- normal bristles/sepia eyes 83- spineless
bristles/red-eyes What is the recombination frequency between these
genes? Recombinants = Total 155 = 10.4% 1484 Determine the sequence
of genes along a chromosome based on the following recombination
frequencies A-C 20% A-D 10% B-C 15% B-D 5% Determine the sequence
of genes along a chromosome based on the following recombination
frequencies A-C 20% A-D 10% B-C 15% B-D 5% Determine the sequence
of genes along a chromosome based on the following recombination
frequencies A-C 10% A-D 30% B-C 24% B-D 16% Determine the sequence
of genes along a chromosome based on the following recombination
frequencies A-C 10% A-D 30% B-C 24% B-D 16% Determine the sequence
of genes along a chromosome based on the following recombination
frequencies A-C 10% A-D 30% B-C 24% B-D 16% Determine the sequence
of genes along a chromosome based on the following recombination
frequencies A-C 10% A-D 30% B-C 24% B-D 16% CABD Determine the
sequence of genes along a chromosome based on the following
recombination frequencies A-B 8% A-C 28% A-D 25% B-C 20% B-D 33%
Determine the sequence of genes along a chromosome based on the
following recombination frequencies A-B 8% A-C 28% A-D 25% B-C 20%
B-D 33% Determine the sequence of genes along a chromosome based on
the following recombination frequencies A-B 8% A-C 28% A-D 25% B-C
20% B-D 33% Determine the sequence of genes along a chromosome
based on the following recombination frequencies A-B 8% A-C 28% A-D
25% B-C 20% B-D 33% Determine the sequence of genes along a
chromosome based on the following recombination frequencies A-B 8%
A-C 28% A-D 25% B-C 20% B-D 33%
