Name:_______________________________Date:____________Period:__________

Let’s review some terms from the last chapter…

Gamete: ________________ cells (_________ and _______)

Chromosomes: Coiled up ______, looks like an “X”

Genes: A segment of _______ that codes for a specific protein

Autosome: Any chromosome that isn’t a _____________________.

Sex chromosome: A chromosome that determines the _______ of an individual

The passing of ___________ from parents to their offspring

Science of heredity and how traits are ___________

Genetics developed from curiosity

The BLENDING HYPOTHESIS says that “offspring traits are a ______________ of traits from their parents.

A ___________ of a specific characteristic.

THE FATHER OF GENETICS

� Born in ______________

� Entered a seminary then became an ordained ___________

� Went to University of Vienna and then ______________________

THE EXPERIMENT:

He used garden __________ and their features

Pea plants have both _______ and __________ parts

So, to stop SELF-FERTILIZATION, he ______ either

the male or female parts off the plant.

This allowed for _____________________

With this technique, Mendel was able to combine ________ from the

pollen of one flower to fertilize the _______ in the flower of a different

plant.

Mendel used CROSS-FERTILIZATION

to look at traits (characteristics)

like tall plants or green pods.

THE FINDINGS:

When he crossed parent plants, he saw ______ parent trait in each of the

F1 generation.

When he crossed the F2 generation, he saw traits that were only in the

__________________ generation!

LABEL THE GENERATIONS:

1. Give 2 examples of human TRAITS.

2. What method did Mendel use to combine sperm from pollen of one flower to

fertilize the eggs in the flower of a different plant?

3. If you are the F2 generation in your family, who would be the PARENT and F2 generation?

_____________ forms of a gene

HOMOZYGOUS –

HETEROZYGOUS –

DOMINANT –

RECESSIVE –

We use upper and lowercase letters to represent _____________

Why don’t we use “s” for short? Because each is a characteristic for the same

trait ____________, so we use the same letter

SHORTHAND WRITING ALLELES

Alleles in the ____________

What the GENES look like

_____________ appearance

What the organism _____________

looks like

H =_______ h = _______

Offspring of __________________ parents

What is your favorite hybrid we talked about?

A cross that looks at _____________ characteristic.

The likelihood a particular event _______________, the

_______________ for the event to occur.

WE FIND PROBABILITY BY MAKING A PUNNETT SQUARE which is a chart that shows a genetic cross and the inheritance of specific alleles.

STEPS FOR MAKING A PUNNETT SQUARE:

1. ___________ the square (2X2)

2. Write genotype for first parent on the ________

side

3. Write genotype for second parent on the ___________

4. Pick a square, write ____________ from the same column and row.

5. Do the same for the other 3 squares…

Let’s make some puppies…

Problem: Cross a homozygous dominant puppy

with a homozygous recessive puppy

If they have 4 puppies, how many

puppies will be:

Brown? _______

Blue ? _______

Homozygous?_________

Heterozygous?________

Problem: Red (R) flower color is dominant to white (r).

Cross two heterozygous individuals.

How many offspring are:

homozygous dominant? ______

homozygous recessive? ______

heterozygous? ______

What is the genotypic ratio?

What is the phenotypic ratio?

These ratios give you the odds on what will likely happen – like the odds on

horseracing or something like that…

SO – what is the percent chance for a: RED FLOWER?

WHITE FLOWER?

B = brown

b = blue

Is a _______________ of characteristics _________characteristic is dominant over the other

Do the Punnett square to show mating in the F1 generation to predict the offspring

in the F2 generation

What are your results?

A cross that looks at _______ characteristics

What characteristics are

looked at in this dihybrid

cross?

1.

2.

Problem: Mate a person with blood type O with a person whose blood type is AB.

What is the probability of getting offspring

with blood type:

A? _________

B? _________

AB? _________

O? _________

Blood Types Determination

A

AB

B

O

Some chromosomes are found on the SEX CHROMOSOMES…

- Are found on ________ chromosomes

- AUTOSOMAL are genes found on __________ chromosomes

WHAT ARE SOME SEX LINKED TRAITS?

______________________________________________________________

Shows ____________ relationships and ___________ that

are passed throughout a family.