GENETIC TECHNOLOGYHONORS BIOLOGY 2AMotzko

Constantine Fahlberg - Saccharin (1879)

James Schlatter - Aspartame (1965)

Percy Spencer -Microwave Oven (1945)

John Harvey Kellogg - Corn Flakes (1899)

Alexander Fleming - Penicillin (1927)

Werner Arber(1969)1st To Isolate Restriction Endonucleases (Enzymes)

Restriction Endonucleases

Restriction EndonucleasesEnzymes that cut DNA at specific locations on the strand known as restriction sites

Naturally produced by bacteria to protect them against viruses

Restriction sites differ depending upon the sequence of nucleotides

When restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand they can leave either blunt ends or unpaired nucleotides called sticky ends Restriction Enzymes digest/cut the restriction sites on DNA strands based upon specific 3D structure

Sticky Ends Allow Restriction Enyzmes To Assist In The Creation Of Recombinant DNA

Boyer & Cohen (1973) First to create recombinant DNA using restriction enzymes

Splicing The Genes Into The Plasmid

pGLO Plasmid

APPLICATIONS OF RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASESGenetic Recombination/Creating of Genetically Modified Organsisms (GMOs)DNA FingerprintingPolymerase Chain Reactions (PCR)Microarray Chips Contructed Using Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

PART ONE: DNA FINGERPRINTING

PART 2 Polymerase Chain Reactions

Why Use PCR?Allows for amplification of genes for use in recombinant DNA (gene splicing) or isolation of sequences in DNA fingerprintingRequired Ingredients For PCRDNAPrimers (short sequences)Taq PolymeraseThermal Cycler

PART 3: Microarrays and GWAS

PART FOUR: CLONING