Genetic Disorders

Inheritance of Genetic Traits

Genetic code1966The Genetic code was

discoveredScientists are able to

predict characteristics by studying DNA.

This leads to genetic engineering, genetic counseling.

DNA FingerprintingThe late 1980's.An international

team of scientists began the project to map the human genome.

The first crime conviction based on DNA fingerprinting in Portland Oregon.

Human Genome Project

•Completed in 2003•13-year project •http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.gen.hgp/

Human Genome Project

http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/video/2012/sep/05/encode-human-genome-junk-dna-video

Human Genome Project

A project that set out to detect all the genes

Will help begin to treat diseases by altering our very genes‚ giving us new ones if ours are non-functional, changing bad genes for good ones.

Gene Therapy1990.Gene therapy was

used on patients for the first time.

DNA Testing1995.DNA testing in

forensics cases gains fame in the O.J. Simpson trial.                            

Cloning Begins1997.Dolly the sheep - the

first adult animal clone.

http://www.schooltube.com/video/79993a85a3ae0c3d6321/Cloning-Animation

                                     

Genetic Disorders

Sickle Cell Anemia Inherited red blood cells,

normally disc-shaped, become crescent shaped

function abnormally and cause small blood clots

These clots give rise to recurrent painful episodes called "sickle cell pain crises".

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2o3wQ-mJZuQ

Sickle Cell

Sickle cell disease is most commonly found in African American populations.  This disease was discovered over 80 years ago, but has not been given the attention it deserves.

Mutationsinherited from a parent a mistake that is present in the

DNA of all body cells. The mutation is copied every

time body cells divide

Mutations occur all the time in every cell in the body. Each cell, however, has the remarkable ability to recognize mistakes and fix them before it passes them along to its descendants. But a cell's DNA repair mechanisms can fail, or be overwhelmed, or become less efficient with age. Over time, mistakes can accumulate.

Read and Discuss:

Would You Want to Know?

Would you want to know if you or your children had a strong likelihood of getting certain types of cancer or genetic disorders?

Explain why or why not?

Sickle Cell

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fN7rOwDyMQ

What if the recessive gene in your imaginary family of four were a gene for sickle cell anemia?

How many of these offspring would have the disease?

How many would be protected against malaria?

Sickle Cell

How can a mutation be harmful in one environment and helpful in another?

Why should a mutation persist if it kills people?

Why are there more people with sickle cell disease in one part of the world than in other parts?

Index Card Activity

Each card represent a gene for an unknown trait

You have an allele on each card.What would the genotype for this trait be

called?Each of you is heterozygous for this trait

because you have one dominant and one recessive gene.

Pair Up RandomlyPair up with someone in your group. Hold your gene cards behind your

back, shuffle them, count to three, and then put one card in front of you.

Your alleles together become the genotype.

Write down the genotype of this offspring.

Repeat three more times to determine the probability for four children

How many of your children will have a recessive genetic disorder?

Aa

Tay-Sachs Disease: fatal genetic disorder that causes progressive destruction of the brain in young children.

One Wrong Letter

Tay-Sachs Disease

Assume that the "a" allele in your gene cards was a gene for Tay-Sachs disease. How many of your offspring would have the disease?

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/media/2809_q056_03.html

Mutation of Genes - Cancer

Geneticists have learned that a mutation in two specific genes have been linked to a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

These genes are called BRCA1 and BRCA2, short for breast cancer 1 and breast cancer 2

They can do testing to find out if you carry the mutated genes

Gene Mutation

Discussion

What happens if you receive a mutated gene?

According to the previous slide, could your body fix the mutated gene?

Would you want to know if you carried a mutated cancer gene?

What happens next? (Slideshow)

What is Cancer? Animation Video

Cancer – Good Cells Gone Bad

Baggies Normal Cells and What the Items Represent Cancer Cells and What the Items Represent

Discuss with your group the different items in the bag. Be able to talk about one of the items if called

on

Textbook – Page 403

Read the section on Lung Cancer

So.........Is Cancer Genetic?

Some types are genetic.The most common are:

Breast Cancer Ovarian Cancer Prostate Cancer Colorectal Cancer

Cancer Facts: How Does Lung Cancer Develop Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dd2jYSTi9NM

DNA – So What is It?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwibgNGe4aY

Extracting DNA

Directions: http://biology.about.com/od/biologylabhowtos/ht/dnafromabanana.htm

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhS89DfP-aQ