+

Genetic and environmental contributions to eating habits in twins Katie Waldrip

+Genetic vs. Environmental

Additive genetic variation Nonadditive genetic variation Shared environment Unshared environment

(2)

+Study Designs

Classic Twin Design Cotwin Control Design

(1)

+Monozygotic vs. Dizygotic

What is the difference? Genetic effects underlie the use-frequencies of all food

items

(4)

+Male vs. Female

Women had a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates Men obtained more energy from fat For some food groups, genetic effects were found for women,

but not for men (juices, poultry, eggs, and margarine) Fruit intake was not genetically influenced in men or women How much? How often?

(2) (4)

+Preference of Taste/Allergen Sensitization Sour vs. salty Common allergens Peanut and shellfish allergens

(12) (5)

+Restrained Eating and Obesity Genetic and unique environmental experiences contribute Behavior pattern Genetically determined body shapes Restrictive/overeating styles vs health-conscious eating

styles Genetic predisposition Why are behavior determinants important? Intentional weight loss vs overeating

(8) (3) (6)

(11)

+Physical Activity

Eating according to need Habitual physical activity Daily energy intake Body fat percentage

(7)

+Age

When do environmental contributions stop impacting? Why is this important? When do genetic contributions impact the most? Five specific dietary food patterns

(4) (6) (10)

+Now what?

Around the world Implementation

(9)

+All about Katie and Lauren…

Dizygotic Shared environment Body composition Allergies Eating habits

+References

1. Faith MS. Development and modification of child food preferences and eating patterns: Behavior genetics strategies. Int J Obes. 2005;29(6):549-556.

2. Hasselbalch AL, Heitmann BL, Kyvik KO, Sorensen TIA. Studies of twins indicate that genetics influence dietary intake. J Nutr. 2008;138(12):2406-2412.

3. Keski-Rahkonen A, Bulik CM, Pietilainen KH, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Rissanen A. Eating styles, overweight and obesity in young adult twins. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61(7):822-829.

4. Keskitalo K, Silventoinen K, Tuorila H, et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to food use patterns of young adult twins. Physiol Behav. 2008;93(1-):235-242.

5. Liu X, Zhang S, Tsai HJ, et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to allergen sensitization in a chinese twin study. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2009;39(7):991-998.

6. Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P, North KE, Adair LS. Body mass index gain, fast food, and physical activity: Effects of shared environments over time. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14(4):701-709.

+References (continued)

7. Rintala M, Lyytikainen A, Leskinen T, et al. Leisure-time physical activity and nutrition: A twin study. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(5):846-852.

8. Schur E, Noonan C, Polivy J, Goldberg J, Buchwald D. Genetic and environmental influences on restrained eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(8):765-772.

9. Sung J, Lee K, Yun-Mi Song, Mi KL, Dong-Hun Lee. Heritability of eating behavior assessed using the DEBQ (dutch eating behavior questionnaire) and weight-related traits: The healthy twin study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(5):1000-1005.

10. Teucher B, Skinner J, Skidmore PML, et al. Dietary patterns and heritability of food choice in a UK female twin cohort. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2007;10(5):734-748.

11. Wade TD, Treloar SA, Heath AC, Martin NG. An examination of the overlap between genetic and environmental risk factors for intentional weight loss and overeating. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(6):492-497.

12. Wise PM, Hansen JL, Reed DR, Breslin PAS. Twin study of the heritability of recognition thresholds for sour and salty taste. Chem Senses. 2007;32(8):749-754.

+Questions?