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8/8/2019 Generations Of Computer By Ashish
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Definition of Modern Computer Inputs, outputs, processes and stores
information
Physical: Keyboard, monitor, etc. are
these necessary components?
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History of Computers - Long, Long Ago
beads on rods to count and calculate
still widely used in Asia!
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History of Computers
Slide Rule 1620
based on Napiers rules for
logarithms
used until 1960s
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Charles Babbage - 1792-1871 Difference Engine c.1822
huge calculator, never finished
Analytical Engine 1832 could store numbers
calculating mill used punched
metal cards for instructions
powered by steam! accurate to sixty decimal places
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Vacuum Tubes - 1939 - 1965
First Generation Electronic
Computers used Vacuum Tubes
Vacuum tubes are glass tubes withcircuits inside.
Vacuum tubes have no air inside of
them, which protects the circuitry.
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UNIV
AC - 1951 first fully electronic
digital computer built in
the U.S. Created at the University
of Pennsylvania
ENIAC weighed 30 tons
contained 18,000vacuum tubes
Cost a paltry $487,000
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First Transistor
Uses Silicon
developed in 1948
won a Nobel prize
on-off switch
Second Generation
Computers usedTransistors, starting in
1956
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Second Generation 1959-1965 1956 Computers began to incorporate
Transistors
Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors
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Integrated Circuits
Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips).
Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors
integrated together into a single chip
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Operating System
Software Instructions for Computer
Operating system is set of instructions
loaded each time a computer is started
Program is instructions loaded when needed
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Third Generation 1965-1971 1965-1971
Integrated Circuit
Operating System
Getting smaller, cheaper
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TheF
irst Microprocessor 1971
The 4004 had 2,250 transistors four-bit chunks (four 1s or 0s)
108Khz
Called Microchip
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What is a Microchip?
Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSI)
Transistors, resistors, and capacitors
4004 had 2,250 transistors
Pentium IV has 42 MILLION transistors
Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)
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4th
Generation 1971-1991 MICROCHIPS!
Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still
using microchip technology
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Birth of Personal Computers - 1975
256 byte memory (not
Kilobytes orMegabytes)
2 MHz Intel 8080 chips
Just a box with flashinglights
cost $395 kit, $495
assembled.
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Generations of Electronic ComputersFirst
Generation
Secon
Gen.
Thir
Gen.
Fourth Gen.
Technology Vacuumu es
ransistors nte rateCircuitsmultiple
transistors
icroc ipsmillions of
transistors
Size Fille W oleuil in s
Fille alf aroom
maller in almilot is as
po erful as
ol uil insi ecomputer
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Over the past 50 years, the Electronic
Computer has evolved rapidly.
Connections:
Which evolved from the other, which wasan entirely new creation
vacuum tube
integrated circuit
transistor
microchip
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Evolution of Electronics
Vacuum
Tube
Transistor
Integrated
Circuit
Microchip
(VLSIC)
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Evolution of Electronics Vacuum Tube a dinosaur without a modern
lineage
Transistor Integrated Circuit Microchip
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IBM PC - 1981 IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture
First wide-selling personal
computer used in business
8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors
4.77 Mhz processing speed
256 K RAM (Random AccessMemory) standard
One or two floppy disk drives
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Apple Computers Founded 1977
Apple II released 1977
widely used in schools
Macintosh (left) released in 1984, Motorola 68000
Microchip processor first commercial computer with
graphical user interface (GUI) andpointing device (mouse)