Generating an EMC Test Field Using a Vibrating Intrinsic

© THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS

THIS INFORMATION CARRIER CONTAINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION WHICH SHALL NOT BE USED, REPRODUCED OR DISCLOSEDTO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION BY THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS, AS APPLICABLE.

Unclassifed

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

EMC-Europe in Barcelona 2006Workshop Reverberation Chambers

Generating an EMC Test Field Using a Vibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chamber (VIRC)

Prof. dr. Frank LeferinkTechnical Authority EMC, Thales Netherlands

Manager Centre of Excellence EMC, Thales GroupProfessor at University of Twente, chair for EMC


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

2

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Content

� EMC testing of large systems and installations

� Reverberation Chambers

� Vibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chamber (VIRC)

� Validation of VIRC

� Testing large systems/installations with a VIRC

� Conclusion


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

3

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

EMC and large installations

EMC Research/Engineering/Qualification via� Analyses

� Difficult due to inferior models, large variation o f physical structures etc.

� Expensive in time and resources

Often combined with low level testing or scaled mod el testing

� Testing � preferred and often needed� but expensive:

� Measuring equipment: expensive high-power amplifier s, generators and receivers

� Test facility: expensive large anechoic shielded ch ambers� Equipment Under Test (EUT) and infrastructure has t o be

moved to the test facility. Expensive for fixed installations


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

4

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Here: tested

equipment(EUT)

isportable

or transportable

But facilities and test

equipment (power

amplifiers)still

expensive

WTu

C

152


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

5

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Transportable systems under test


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

6

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Installations

� Fixed installation can be tested only in-situ

� Field testing is often replaced by (bulk) current injection or measuring common mode currents

� Moving large systems or 'transportable installation s' to large test facilities is often time consuming (dismantle, install) and expensive

� So: why not move the test facility to the equipment under test?

� Before answering this question, let us discuss abou t reverberation chambers


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

7

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Modern test technique: Reverberation Chamber, 1

� Used in research for over 20 yrs

� In EMC standards, since appr. 5 yrs� MIL-STD 461E (1999)� GM-9120P� SAE J1113/27� RTCA DO-160D� EUROCAE WG 14/33� IEC (61000-4-21) (2003)

� Operation:� Comparable to a

microwave oven: reverberate (intensify)and mix the field

� Advantage: high field strength with moderate input power


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

8

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE


HErr

,

S E H= ×= ×= ×= ×∑∑∑∑r r r

Frequency

Pd

� A Reverberation Chamber provides a periodic electro -magnetic environment, which is

� randomly polarised, i.e. the phase between all waves is random

� spatialy uniform, i.e. the energy density in the chamber is uniformeverywhere and

� isotropic,i.e. the energy flow in all directions is the same.

WTu

C

153


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

9

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE


� A mode stirrer is needed to obtain such a‘randomly polarised, spatial uniform and isotropic’field

� A reverberation chamber actually represents the rea l world in a much better way than the conventional test methods MIL-STD 461E RS103, IEC 61000-4-3 and others


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

10

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Vibrating IntrinsicVibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chamber (VIRC)

� A chamber made of flexible material

� By moving the walls the modes(resonance frequencies) are changed (no stirrer needed)

� The mode variation is much faster compared tothe conventional modestirred reverberation chamber

� The change in resonance frequency is much larger compared to the conventional mode stirred reverberation chamber

� The VIRC can therefore be used from a lower frequency than a conventional mode stirred reverberation chamber with comparable size

z

y

w

l

h


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

11

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Large installation and the VIRCLarge installation and the VIRC

� Because the VIRC is flexible, it can be used for in -situ testing and thus move the test equipment instead of equipment under test and associated equipment

� and maintain the advantage of high field strength w ith moderate input power


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

12

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Prototype of the VIRC

Material:flexible woven aluminium

Shielding:excellent (>80dB)

Construction:� no walls parallel,� at most one wall placed

perpendicular to another,� dimensions not being

a multiple,� natural corrugation of

surface

WTu

C

154


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

13

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

VIRC


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

14

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

VIRC validation

� Stirring Ratio (SR)

� Correlation functions ( ρρρρ)

� Power Density Function (PDF)

� Cumulative Density Function (CDF)

� Spatial Field Uniformity (SFU)

� Chamber gain (CG)

� Resonance frequency variation ( ∆∆∆∆F)

� Quality Factor (Q)

Etcetera

(Data hereafter obtained with the 3x3x5m VIRC)


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

15

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Test setup for SR, ρρρρ, PDF, CDF

generator

amplifier

dir. coupler

coaxial

splitter

powermeter

optical

BR 2000-3optical

receiver

5-channellogarithmic

detector

AR 11005-channelrecorder


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

16

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

CDF for VIRC, 1000 MHz

1000 MHz

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Normalised Field Strength w.r.t. mean

Cum

ulat

ive

Pro

babi

lity

MP1

MP2

MP3

MP4

MP5

MP6

Excellent CDF!

WTu

C

155


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

17

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

CDF for VIRC, 100 MHz

100 MHz

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Normalised Field Strength w.r.t. mean

Cum

ulat

ive

Pro

babi

lity

MP1

MP2

MP3

MP4

MP5

MP6

Even at this low frequency (<2*F res) nice CDF!EMC-Europe in Barcelona 2006

Workshop Reverberation Chambers

Sep

tem

ber

200

6

18

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Spatial field uniformity (SFU)

-6.00

-3.00

0.00

3.00

6.00

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Frequency [MHz]

Fie

ld s

tren

gth

dev

iati

on w

.r.t

mea

n [d

B]

mp1 mp2 mp3 mp4 mp5 mp6

Compare with the IEC -4-3 field uniformity req: already within 0-6dB from 150 MHz, and

excellent field uniformity above 300 MHz


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

19

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Applications, 1, Testing APAR, 1

� EMC testing of APAR (2000/2001)

� Active Phase Array Radar (APAR) is the multifunctio nal radar (MFR) of German and Dutch Frigates

� The electromagnetic environment is hostile� due to other systems onboard� due to systems operating at nearby platforms (ships ), in a

battlegroup or during replenishment� due to enemy actions

� EMC testing necessary


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

20

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

movie

WTu

C

156


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

21

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE


� EMC testing of APAR (2000/2001)� Full-scale conventional EMC testing (in an anechoic

chamber) difficult : � high power amplifiers needed, � due to the high field strength risk of fire, � changes of existing chamber etc.

� Full-scale conventional EMC testing expensive� Investment in high power amplifiers and associated

equipment

� Upgrade existing anechoic chamber

� Moving the complete APAR system and infrastructure to the EMC test site, make it operational and after EMC te sting dismantle

� Better: use the VIRC


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

22

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE


Material:� metalised (copper) fabric

Production VIRC:� regular tent manufacturer

Shielding:� good (>60dB)

Dimension:� 5 x 3 x 3 m (F res110= 58 MHz)

Connection with EUT:� overlapping flaps,

electrically connected with EUT

Vibration:� wiper motors with excentric

Cost: � <25 kEuro


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

23

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE


VIRC

EUT

M

MM

M

Emission and susceptibility� 10 kHz - 18 GHz

Emission noise level � >20dB below receiver noise!

Susceptibility (with only 100W RF power):� 1000V/m average!

� 10.000V/m peak!

All levels with the existing test apparatusSavings: > 700kEuro

APAR face


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

24

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

movie

WTu

C

157


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

25

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Applications, 2, System XX and system YY, 1

Thales France� Conventional

250kEuro facility xxxkEuro equipmentxxxkEuro infrastructure

� With VIRC:10kEuro VIRC20kEuro equipment

1

2 5

6

7

8 9

10 12 11

13

15

4

3

Overview of the test set -up for the Radi ated Tests of ARABEL – PHASE 2, by means of the VIRC

14

1 m distance below 100 MHz


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

26

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Applications, 2, System XX, 2


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

27

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

System XX on board of a naval vessel


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

28

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE


WTu

C

158


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

29

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE



Sep

tem

ber

200

6

30

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Naval Surface Warfare Centre, US NavyIn-situ EMC test of shelters(fields not stirred in this set-up)

Applications, 3


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

31

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Applications, 4


Sep

tem

ber

200

6

32

© T

HA

LES

NE

DE

RLA

ND

B.V

. AN

D/O

R IT

S S

UP

PLI

ER

S S

ubje

ct to

rest

rictiv

e le

gend

on

title

pag

e

Unclassified

UNIVERSITY ofTWENTE

Conclusion

� Conventional EMC testing of large systems or installations is very expensive

� VIRC gives� High field strength with moderate input power (majo r cost

saver)� Enables in-situ testing (no infrastructure movement s:

large cost savings)

� Technique applied� APAR EMC (and HIRF/HPM) testing� Various EMC tests within Thales Netherlands� System XX and YY tested within Thales France� Shelters and the DD(X) mast demonstrator tested in USA� Various labs, research institutes and universities are

using the technique

WTu

C

159

View

publication statsV

iew publication stats

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254884162

Documents

Generating an EMC Test Field Using a Vibrating Intrinsic