General Pathology:General Pathology:Introduction to the CourseIntroduction to the Course

Lorne Holland, M.D.Lorne Holland, M.D.Lorne.Holland@ucdenver.eduLorne.Holland@ucdenver.edu

General InformationCOURSE DIRECTOR: Lorne Holland, M.D. Leprino Office Building, Main Laboratory- Rm

280 Email: Lorne.Holland@ucdenver.edu Office: (720) 848-7050

ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATOR: Jaime Kean Building A01 Room L15-2203 Email: Jamie.Kean@ucdenver.edu Phone (303) 724-3905

Map

LeprinoOfficeBuilding

ParkingGarage

Exams

• Sample questions will periodically be posted on Blackboard with answers following shortly

• Before each exam there will be a Q&A session– This is an opportunity for you to ask questions

about the material– This is not meant to be a formal review of all

lecture material• For best responses, please send me your

question(s) a day or two in advance so I know what to expect

Exams

• Multiple-choice, single best answer• 2-3 questions per lecture• Mid-October and December 17th• 2nd exam is cumulative with

approximately 80% new and 20% old• Exams will be timed with 1.5 minutes

allotted for each question

Exams

• How much does a normal human head weigh?– More than twice the average orange– Between 4.4 and 5.3 kilograms– Hair is typically 0.2% to 1.1% of head

weight– It would weigh only 1/6th as much on the

moon

Exams

• Review session immediately after• Answers will be projected• Your chance to ask questions• Only opportunity to review test

answers

Exams

• Grading– Tests are sent to the computer center

for grading where they calculate statistics for each question

– A few questions will have “bad” numbers and will be thrown out•Too hard or too easy•Random answer pattern

Other Tests• Independent study questions

– Posted on Blackboard and due Sept 28th

– May collaborate, but each student must submit their own answers

– Remember, this material is fair game for both exams

• Periodic, unannounced quizzes– Multiple-choice, single best answer and/or

short answer– You can use class notes and textbook– Students not present when the quizzes are

handed out will receive a zero– Lowest quiz score will be dropped

Objectives

• Each lecture will have a set of objectives– This is the bare minimum you should be

getting out of each lecture– If you can not perform the objectives

then it is unlikely you will pass– If you only know material specifically

addressed by the objectives, you will probably pass, but only barely (70-80%)

Odds and Ends• Lecture handouts should be available on

Blackboard 48 hrs before lecture• Exam dates will be firm, but lectures

may occasionally move around a bit. You should have at least 24 hrs warning.

• Please address questions directly to the lecturer. If you do not receive a response within 48 hrs then let me know

• Evaluations after each test. Please complete them so I know what is working and what is not

Scope of PathologyPathology

Experimental ClinicalAnatomic

“laboratory medicine”

Pathology

Experimental ClinicalAnatomic

Pathogenesis

Etiology

Epidemiology

Scope of Pathology

Pathology

Experimental ClinicalAnatomic

Surgical

Cytology

Autopsy

Hematopath

Gross / Micro

Gross / Micro

Microscopic

Microscopic

Scope of Pathology

Pathology

Experimental ClinicalAnatomic

T.D.M.

Transf. Med

Toxicology

Molecular

Microbiology

Hematology

Chemistry

Virology

Coagulation

Urinalysis

Serology

Point of CareFlow Cytometry

Scope of Pathology

Quick Guide to Microscopy

• Unless otherwise stated, pictures in books and lecture and hemotoxylin and eosin (H&E)– Proteins and starch stain pink– Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) stain blue– Air, water, sugar and lipids do not stain at all– Naturally colored materials, black, brown, green

Quick Guide to Microscopy

Quick Guide to Microscopy

Other Colors

• Golden (yellow/brown/green)– Bile

• Brown– Hemosiderin,

lipofuschin (iron)

• Black– Carbon– Melanin

Special Stains

• PAS starch/sugar• Prussian Blue iron• Oil Red O lipids

Immunohistochemistry

• Produce antibodies to specific molecules, usually proteins

• Attach a marker of some kind to the antibody

• Wash a tissue section with the labeled antibody

Estrogen receptor-Breast cancer

CD15/30-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Alphafetoprotein-Testicular Cancer

Keratin-Carcinoma, not lymphoma

Questions?