General data about General data about remediation of polluted remediation of polluted

soilssoilsSakari Halmemies, DSc (Tech)Sakari Halmemies, DSc (Tech)

7 May 20097 May 2009

CONTENTCONTENT

• European statistics on soil pollution

• Activities and chemicals that cause pollution

• Finnish system for determination of soil pollution

• Three main approaches to remediation

European statistics on soil European statistics on soil pollutionpollution

• 750.000 polluted sites in Europe(Haavisto 2008)

• soil contamination is number one problem for more than 60 % of Europeans(Ademe, Polluted sites and soils)

Fig: Ekokem’s instruction 2/07

Soil polluting activities from localised sources as % of total

(European Environmental Agency, 2001)

Activities and chemicals that Activities and chemicals that cause pollutioncause pollution

• Distribution and storage of fuels

• Sawmills and impregnating plants

• Industry• Service of motor

vehicles• Gardens • Shooting places

• Waste treatment• Chemical laundry• Power plants• Car salvage yards• Boat lacquers• Mines

Distribution and storage of fuelsDistribution and storage of fuels returnreturn

Oil products, fuels

MTBEFig. http://gallery.kuukuna.net/gallery/v/Raskaskalustoa-merkeitt_in/album32/Union_huoltamo.jpg.html

Sawmills and impregnating Sawmills and impregnating plantsplants returnreturn

Chlorophenols

CCA compounds

PAH compounds

Fig. http://www.tamk.fi/kmo/images/diat/saha.jpg

Industry Industry returnreturn

Heavy metals

PAH compounds PCB compounds

Cyanides

Oil products

Arsenic

Fig. http://www.npe.fi/service.cntum?serviceType=serviceDocumentSection&documentId=13506

Service of motor vehiclesService of motor vehiclesreturnreturn

Oil products

Fats

Heavy metals

Fig. http://www.dillstrom.fi/media/korjaamo230px.jpg

GardensGardens returnreturn

Pesticides

Heavy metals Arsenic

Oil products

Fig. http://www.puutarhasuokukka.fi/puutarha500px.jpg

Shooting placesShooting places returnreturn

Lead

Antimony

PAH compounds

Fig. http://www.venetpalo.net/ampumarata.JPG

Waste treatmentWaste treatment returnreturn

Heavy metals

Cyanides

Solvents

Fig. http://www.rosknroll.fi/@Bin/1628879/Munkkaa.jpeg

Chemical laundryChemical laundry returnreturn

Trichlororethylene

Tetrachlororethylene

Fig. http://lighterfootstep.com.s25460.gridserver.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/laundry_dryers_620.jpg

Power plantsPower plants returnreturn

PAH compounds

Dioxin and furanes

Acidic oxides (NOx, SO2)

Fig. http://www.toinenlinja.fi/photos/web/00/00953.jpg

Car salvage yardsCar salvage yards returnreturn

Heavy metals

Oils, acids

PAH compoundsPCB compounds

Cyanides

Fig. http://www.savonsanomat.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/romuta-autosi-ja-saat-alennusta-autokaupassa(120442).ece

Boat lacquersBoat lacquers returnreturn

TBT compounds

Fig. http://www.elisanet.fi/teemu.suuronen/puuvene/halli_4.jpg

Mines Mines

Heavy metals

Fig. http://www.spj.fi/ppk/kuvat/v_k_kostamuksen_avolouhos.jpg

Finnish assessment for Finnish assessment for determination of soil pollutiondetermination of soil pollution

Source: Assessment of soil pollution and need for remediation

PollutedUnpolluted

Unpolluted, but higher

pollutant concentrations

exist

Treshold valueLower advisory value

-exceeding of treashold value starts general risk assessment

-exceeding of lower advisory value starts closer risk assessment =>

a) risk can be accepted b) site has to be remediated

Three main approaches to Three main approaches to remediationremediation

– OFF SITE • soil or groundwater is transported

somewhere to be treated– ON SITE

• polluted masses are excavated and treated on site in transportable treatment plant

– IN SITU • treatment takes place without excavation

SourcesSources• Ademe, Polluted sites and soils

http://www.motorchallenge.fr/servlet/KBaseShow?sort=-1&cid=96&m=3&catid=17583

• Assessment of soil pollution and need for remediation. In Finnish. Instruction of Environmental Ministry. Draft 20 April 2007.

• Ekokem’s instruction 2/07, In Finnish. http://www.ekokem.fi/attachments/ekokemin_ohjeet/0207_pilaantuneen_maan_kunnostus.pdf

• European Environmental Agency, 2001http://themes.eea.europa.eu/Specific_media/soil/indicators/sources/YIR01SO01.pdf

• Haavisto Teija, Data bank for soil status, Syke, Soili-seminar 7.-8. May 2008, In Finnish.