Gene Technology

Honors Breaking Down the Definitions1. Polymerase chain

reaction2. Primer3. Restriction enzyme4. Gel electrophoresis5. DNA fingerprint6. Genetic engineering7. Recombinant DNA

8. Clone9. Vector10. Plasmid11. Probe12. Bioinformatics13. Proteomics14. Cloning by nuclear

transfer

15. Telomere16. DNA vaccine17. Bioethics

Regular Breaking Down the Definitions1. Selective Breeding2. Hybridization3. Genetic Engineering4. Gel Electrophoresis5. Recombinant DNA6. Polymerase Chain Reaction7. Transgenic8. Clone

DNA Identification•Except for Identical Twins, no 2 people in the world are exactly alike genetically.•The majority of human DNA is the same. Only about .1% of our DNA varies by individual.•98% of our DNA does NOT code for proteins= NONCODING DNA.

Steps in DNA Identification1. Copying DNA via Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR

a) Often you only have a small amount of DNA (ie crime scene) so you need to copy it

b) Video Clip2. Cutting DNA with restriction enzymes

a) To cut long DNA molecules biologists use bacterial proteins or restriction enzymes to cut out certain sequences

Steps in DNA Identification3. Sorting DNA by size

a) DNA fragments can be studied with GEL ELECTROPHORESIS, which separated DNA by size and charge.

b) This creates a DNA fingerprint, unique to the individualc) Video Clip

4. Comparing DNA4. Using the DNA fingerprint scientists can produce the

odds that 2 people will have the same DNA fingerprint only about 1 in 100 billion (and there are only 6.5 billion people on Earth).

Recombinant DNA• The process of altering genetic material is called

GENETIC ENGINEERING.•RECOMBINANT DNA results when DNA from 2

different organisms are joined.• Example of Recombinant DNA—scientists inserted a

jellyfish gene (for a fluorescent green glow) into a zebra fish to see blood vessels develop.•Video Clip—6 facts

Cloning•GENETIC ENGINEERING has allowed biologists to study

how genes function and then manipulate them.• In the 1990s scientists began cloning whole organisms or

CLONING BY NUCLEAR TRANSFER.• They introduce a nucleus of a body cell into an egg cell to

generate an organism identical to the donor. •Brainpop!•Dolly, a sheep, was the first successful clone in 1996.•Video

Stem Cells• Brainpop!

Genetic Engineering and Food•Genetic Engineering with plants is called genetically modified (GM) crops. •GM crops are more tolerant of weather conditions (frost, drought), resistant to herbicides, increase the amount of the crop produced, resistant to disease, improved nutritional value of foods

Food Inc

Designer Babies• Issues and Decisions Worksheet• Extra Credit Opportunities!!• Watch one or both of the following movies:• Gattaca or My Sister’s Keeper• 2 page, typed, report on the film• Report should include a summary of the storyline and how it

ties into Genetics and Designer Babies• Report also needs to be signed by a parent, verifying that

you did indeed watch and have permission to watch the movie

Genetic Science Ethics Survey

Bioethics Group Reports

Genetic Engineering Concept Map Review