Upload
mary-clarke
View
219
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Gender, Agriculture, and Nutrition Linkages
TOPS Food Security MeetingMaputo
September 2011
Nutrition and GDP
2
Nutrition and food consumption issues are critical to sustainably reduce poverty and decrease maternal and child mortality.
Up to 3% GDP LOSSES due to undernutrition $
$World Bank 2006
What Supports Child Nutrition?
Access to water/
sanitation/hygiene and basic
health services
Improvedmaternal and child-
care practices
Access to food
HumanCapital
Agriculturalprocessing
Mealpreparation
Nutritional status
Kept forhousehold
Sold at market
Non-foodcash crops
Livestock, fish, non-
timber forestproducts
Foodcrops
Income
Care
Dietary Intake
Agriculture and Nutrition Pathways
Food
Assets & ResourcesInternational Center for Research on Women
Health
REACH, Sierra Leone
NUTRITION-SENSITIVE AGRICULTURE
PRINCIPLES
• Agriculture affects nutrition outcomes indirectly It works through effects on the underlying causes of undernutrition: access to food and food production, health and care, and most directly through the effects of income and prices on household food security
• Nutrition is both an input for and an outcome of agricultural productivity
• The appropriate actions will be identified through an analysis of determinants of food insecurity/ undernutrition
• Plan multisectorally and implement sectorally
What is USAID doing to link Agriculture and Nutrition?
7
Agriculture Programs
Health Services
Feed the Future Global Health Initiative
Nutrition
Improved access to diverse and quality foods
Improved nutrition-related
behaviors
Improved utilization of maternal and
child health and nutrition servicesincluding hygiene
Key Linkages: Gender, Nutrition, and Agriculture
Focus on women because of their role as care givers, producers, processors of food
Nutrition and health protocols: Customs detrimental to child health and development
Gender approach: involving men
Empowerment of women withknowledge and skills to prevent or
reverse malnutrition, capacity to carefor their children, access to technicalresources to improve food production
and/or food processing.
• Increase year-round supply of nutrient rich foods • Address gaps in sector-specific efforts, such as production or
income gains that fail to translate into improved nutritional status. • Reduce women’s resource constraints by improving their access
to productive technologies such as seeds and extension services; • Identify characteristics of different crop varieties that may be
preferred more by men or women• Provide extension support to enhance uptake of the preferred
varieties• Focus on developing technologies that increase productivity in
parts of the food chain that fall largely within women’s domain
Women’s Role Insight Interventions
Food producer Women and men equally contribute to household food supply and availability
•women’s participation in nutrition-oriented agricultural technology development• enhancing production systems associated with women• addressing production and post-production constraints
Income-earning farmers Women significantly (re)invest their income in food and nutrition
•Gender-responsive market chain development•agri-food value chain development to include nutrition • entrepreneurship and business development for high-nutrition value chains
Health/nutrition caretakers
Women are key decision-makers and stewards of household food and nutrition security
•Introducing agri-food strategies within broader nutrition interventions
Nutritionally vulnerable group
Women’s nutritional status determines their productive and reproductive roles, and affects intra-household nutrition/health
•developing agriculture innovations targeting nutritional issues affecting women• Introducing strategies for enhanced access to healthcare and education services
As partners with men Household and community dynamics require social learning and collective action by men and women
Understanding and overcoming social norms and political economies of agri-nutrition systems