Diamonds & berylDiamonds & berylDiamonds & berylDiamonds & beryl

Cullinan - 520ctsBlue Hope - 45 cts Great Mogul – 188 ctsCullinan 520ctsBlue Hope 45 cts Great Mogul 188 cts

Premier Rose - 137 cts Regent – 141cts Orloff – 194 cts

DiamondDiamondDiamondDiamond

Formula is C; hardness Formula is C; hardness = 10 (hardest of all = 10 (hardest of all know minerals)know minerals)know minerals)know minerals)Refractive index = 2.41 Refractive index = 2.41 (great dispersion) (great dispersion) (g p )(g p )Adamantine luster Adamantine luster ––adámas, Greek for adámas, Greek for invincible uncutinvincible uncutinvincible, uncut invincible, uncut diamonds look greasydiamonds look greasyBirthstone for AprilBirthstone for Aprilpp

DiamondsDiamonds factsfactsDiamonds Diamonds -- factsfacts

Diamond first discovered in India, prior to Diamond first discovered in India, prior to 400 BC400 BCToday, Today, 7575--80%80% of the world's natural of the world's natural diamonds are used for industrial purposes diamonds are used for industrial purposes andand 2020--25%25% for gemstonesfor gemstonesand and 2020--25%25% for gemstones. for gemstones. It is the chemical and physical properties of It is the chemical and physical properties of this mineral that give it the superior cutting this mineral that give it the superior cutting ability for industrial use. ability for industrial use. Diamond coatings have improved on Diamond coatings have improved on g pg pdiamond's industrial applications in cutting diamond's industrial applications in cutting and in aiding the performance of and in aiding the performance of semiconductors. It is the optical properties semiconductors. It is the optical properties of this mineral that give it the superior of this mineral that give it the superior beauty and durability to be used as a beauty and durability to be used as a Famous Oppenheimer diamond

S ith i I tit ty yy y

gemstone. gemstone. Faceting diamond, in order to maximize its Faceting diamond, in order to maximize its optical properties, depends upon a optical properties, depends upon a knowledge of geometry. knowledge of geometry.

Smithsonian Institute

Form (crystal shape)Form (crystal shape)Form (crystal shape)Form (crystal shape)

Diamonds form Diamonds form octahedral crystalsoctahedral crystals

CC diamond versus graphitediamond versus graphiteC C –– diamond versus graphitediamond versus graphite

Diamond cutsDiamond cutsDiamond cuts…Diamond cuts…

The most popular cut The most popular cut for diamonds is the for diamonds is the “brilliant cut” followed “brilliant cut” followed b th M i db th M i dby the Marquises and by the Marquises and PearPear--shapesshapesIn the 50’s and 60s the In the 50’s and 60s the step c t as the agestep c t as the agestep cut was the ragestep cut was the rageThe cutting centers are The cutting centers are New York, Antwerp, New York, Antwerp, and Israel with theand Israel with theand Israel with the and Israel with the smaller diamonds smaller diamonds being done in Indiabeing done in India

The perfect cutThe perfect cutThe perfect cutThe perfect cut

Too thin Too deep

Perfect

Valuable diamonds!!Valuable diamonds!!

The Steinmetz Pink is probably the finest pink diamond in the world The Steinmetz Pink is probably the finest pink diamond in the world presently. It was first unveiled in Monaco in May, 2003, and was presently. It was first unveiled in Monaco in May, 2003, and was discovered in southern Africa and is the largest Fancy Vivid Pink discovered in southern Africa and is the largest Fancy Vivid Pink diamond known in the world. diamond known in the world. Pink diamonds are extremely rare and usually found in much, much Pink diamonds are extremely rare and usually found in much, much smaller sizes. The Steinmetz Pink weighs 59.60 carats and has been smaller sizes. The Steinmetz Pink weighs 59.60 carats and has been graded as Internally Flawless, an extremely rare and coveted clarity graded as Internally Flawless, an extremely rare and coveted clarity grade. Given its extraordinary importance, the Steinmetz Group took grade. Given its extraordinary importance, the Steinmetz Group took approximately 20 months to cut the diamondapproximately 20 months to cut the diamondapproximately 20 months to cut the diamond. approximately 20 months to cut the diamond.

22 carat flawless fancy purple PINK DIAMOND sold for $$7,000,000 !!!

Famous diamondsFamous diamondsFamous diamondsFamous diamonds

The Allnatt, 101.29 cts, South Africa, largest naturally vivid yellow diamond in the world.

The 616, South Africa, This 616 ct crystal, as found and remaining

uncut, is the largest single diamond crystal in the world.

Rare diamondsRare diamondsRare diamondsRare diamondsTh O FlThe Orange Flame

3.23 cts, South AfricaThe Incomparable

Diamond, 407.48 cts, Congo, third largest cut g , gdiamond ever recorded

The Moussaieff Red5.11 cts, Brazil,The rarest red

The Ocean Dream, 5.51 cts, Central Africa, deep blue-green color of this

diamond is very rare

Expensive and Brilliant D Expensive and Brilliant D ppGrade Diamond Grade Diamond

An 84 37-carat whiteAn 84.37-carat white diamond touted by for its size and beauty sold at auction Wednesday to Guess clothing company founder Georges Marciano for

A square, 32.01-carat emerald-t di d th t billi iGeorges Marciano for

just under $16.2 million (November, 2007).

cut diamond that a billionaire philanthropist bought for her 90th birthday sold for $7.7 million (Oct 2009)

A white diamond from a mine in Lesotho weighing nearly 500 carats is reported in

( )

weighing nearly 500 carats is reported in London on September 21, 2008. It is expected to be worth 10s of millions of dollars.

The Cullinan DiamondsThe Cullinan DiamondsThe Cullinan DiamondsThe Cullinan Diamonds

Th i C lli di d i ( l 96The nine Cullinan diamond pieces (plus 96smaller brilliants). The original uncut diamondweighed 3106 carats or 1.33 pounds!!!

Cullinan ICullinan VII & VIII

Cullinan II Cullinan III & IVCullinan II 530 carats!!

New Diamond Discovery!New Diamond Discovery!New Diamond Discovery!New Diamond Discovery!I hi h li d bI hi h li d bIn this photo supplied by In this photo supplied by Petra Diamonds CEO Petra Diamonds CEO Johan Dippenaar, holds Johan Dippenaar, holds the 507.55 carat white the 507.55 carat white diamond recovered at the diamond recovered at the C lli Di d MiC lli Di d MiCullinan Diamond Mine, Cullinan Diamond Mine, South Africa, on Sept. 24, South Africa, on Sept. 24, 2009. Petra Diamonds Ltd. 2009. Petra Diamonds Ltd. says a diamond the size of says a diamond the size of a chicken egg has been a chicken egg has been f d t S th Af i 'f d t S th Af i 'found at South Africa's found at South Africa's Cullinan mine. The Cullinan mine. The diamond may be among diamond may be among the world's top 20 highthe world's top 20 high--quality gems. It was quality gems. It was di d Th d S tdi d Th d S tdiscovered Thursday, Sept. discovered Thursday, Sept. 24, 2009 at the mine 24, 2009 at the mine northeast of Pretoria, northeast of Pretoria, South Africa.South Africa.

Diamond formationDiamond formationDiamond formationDiamond formation

Diamonds form in the mantle at 120 t 200 k d th d~120 to 200 km depth and are

brought to the surface through kimberlite pipes

Diamonds form in Diamonds form in kimberlite pipeskimberlite pipes

Diamond may be up to 3 billion years old, which is much older than their surface host rock

Exploration for diamondsExploration for diamondsExploration for diamondsExploration for diamonds

Companies look for Companies look for clusters of kimberlite clusters of kimberlite pipespipesAt local scale look for At local scale look for diamond indicator diamond indicator minerals in order of minerals in order of dec easingdec easingdecreasing decreasing significance: garnet, significance: garnet, chromite, ilmenite, chromite, ilmenite, clinopyroxene olivineclinopyroxene olivineclinopyroxene, olivine, clinopyroxene, olivine, and zircon. and zircon. Diamonds found in Diamonds found in gravelsgravels

Most indicator minerals have a distinctive color. Seen here are red pyrope garnets, green chromian clinopyroxene blackgravelsgravels chromian clinopyroxene, black ilmenite and chromite, and yellowish-green olivine.

Diamond producers and Diamond producers and ppexplorationexploration

Value of diamond production since 1994

~87 million carats in 2008!!

See growth by Canada, Botswana and Russia

87 million carats in 2008!!

Diamonds from CanadaDiamonds from CanadaDiamonds from CanadaDiamonds from Canada

Diamond minesDiamond minesDiamond minesDiamond mines

The Jwaneng mine, in Botswana, The Jwaneng mine, in Botswana,

The Argyle mine, Australia is the The Argyle mine, Australia is the largest diamond mine in the largest diamond mine in the world However only 5% of theworld However only 5% of theis the most valuable diamond is the most valuable diamond

mine in the world. Its 1995 mine in the world. Its 1995 production of about 10.5 million production of about 10.5 million carats had a value of about $1.2carats had a value of about $1.2

world. However, only 5% of the world. However, only 5% of the production is gem quality. A production is gem quality. A unique feature of the Argyle mine, unique feature of the Argyle mine, though, is a small but consistent though, is a small but consistent

l f l bl i k t dl f l bl i k t dcarats had a value of about $1.2 carats had a value of about $1.2 billion.billion. supply of valuable pink to red or supply of valuable pink to red or

purple diamonds.purple diamonds.

Diamond typesDiamond typesDiamond typesDiamond types

The rough (uncut) diamond market consists of three very The rough (uncut) diamond market consists of three very different segments different segments -- 'gem', 'near'gem', 'near--gem' and 'industrial'. gem' and 'industrial'. Gem and nearGem and near--gem diamonds are used in jewelry and can gem diamonds are used in jewelry and can vary in color from pure bluevary in color from pure blue--white through pale yellow andwhite through pale yellow andvary in color from pure bluevary in color from pure blue--white, through pale yellow and white, through pale yellow and brown, to the rarest pink or blue diamonds. brown, to the rarest pink or blue diamonds. Industrial diamonds, because of their inferior quality or Industrial diamonds, because of their inferior quality or undesirable color, are used in industry for cutting, grinding, undesirable color, are used in industry for cutting, grinding, polishing drilling and other technical and scientificpolishing drilling and other technical and scientificpolishing, drilling and other technical and scientific polishing, drilling and other technical and scientific applications. applications. GemGem diamonds make up only diamonds make up only 18 per cent of world production18 per cent of world productionby weight, but account for by weight, but account for 66 per cent by value66 per cent by value. . Alluvial diamondAlluvial diamond deposits typically have a high gem content, deposits typically have a high gem content, of 80 per cent or above. of 80 per cent or above.

Crater of Diamonds Crater of Diamonds State Park ArkansasState Park Arkansas

4.38 Ct found November 6, 2007By Iowan Chad Johnson

Largest found is the Uncle Sam40 2 t ( t) d 12 4 ( t)40.2 ct (uncut) and 12.4 (cut)

Only diamond park open to the public in the world!

Diamond marketing and Diamond marketing and ggvaluevalue

Approximately 75 per cent of the world's annual Approximately 75 per cent of the world's annual production of rough diamonds is marketed through production of rough diamonds is marketed through the De Beersthe De Beers--controlled Diamond Trading Companycontrolled Diamond Trading Companythe De Beersthe De Beers controlled Diamond Trading Company controlled Diamond Trading Company (DTC) (DTC) “For each handful of top quality Burma ruby, “For each handful of top quality Burma ruby, Kashmir sapphire large gem red spinel or topKashmir sapphire large gem red spinel or topKashmir sapphire, large gem red spinel, or top Kashmir sapphire, large gem red spinel, or top quality tsavorite, a whole driveway could be quality tsavorite, a whole driveway could be surfaced with fine quality diamonds”….David surfaced with fine quality diamonds”….David MarcumMarcumMarcum.Marcum.It is all about marketing…”diamonds are forever”It is all about marketing…”diamonds are forever”

Diamonds & imitationsDiamonds & imitationsDiamonds & imitationsDiamonds & imitations

MineralMineral HardnessHardness DensityDensity

ddDiamondDiamond 1010 3.523.52

Yttrium aluminum garnetYttrium aluminum garnet 8 258 25 4 554 55Yttrium aluminum garnetYttrium aluminum garnet 8.258.25 4.554.55

Cubic zirconiaCubic zirconia 88 5.75.7--5.95.9

GadoliniumGadolinium--gallium garnet gallium garnet 6.56.5 7.027.02

Imitations can be easily distinguished

How Can I Tell the Difference How Can I Tell the Difference Between Real and Imitation?Between Real and Imitation?

CZ

Between Real and Imitation?Between Real and Imitation?

Jewelers have various tools that can be Jewelers have various tools that can be used to accurately tell the difference used to accurately tell the difference between a real diamond and an imitation between a real diamond and an imitation or synthetic diamond.or synthetic diamond.Another method for testing involves usingAnother method for testing involves usingAnother method for testing involves using Another method for testing involves using a white piece of paper and a marker. You'll a white piece of paper and a marker. You'll need to draw a black line across the paper, need to draw a black line across the paper, and then place the diamond on the line. and then place the diamond on the line. Technically, if you are able to see the line Technically, if you are able to see the line through the stone it isn't a real diamondthrough the stone it isn't a real diamondthrough the stone, it isn t a real diamond. through the stone, it isn t a real diamond. Breath test!! Diamond has a higher Breath test!! Diamond has a higher thermal conductivity of any known thermal conductivity of any known substance, and moisture from one’s breath substance, and moisture from one’s breath will evaporate from a diamond more will evaporate from a diamond more apidl than f om an s bstit teapidl than f om an s bstit te

Cubic zirconia (CZ)rapidly than from any substitute.rapidly than from any substitute.Use an ultraviolet lamp. Glass fluoresces Use an ultraviolet lamp. Glass fluoresces blue (due to Pb), cubic zirconia fluoresces blue (due to Pb), cubic zirconia fluoresces golden yellow, whereas most diamonds do golden yellow, whereas most diamonds do not fluoresce (some bluish)not fluoresce (some bluish)( )( )To produce cubic zirconia, baddeleyite To produce cubic zirconia, baddeleyite (ZrO(ZrO22 ) is heated to about 2300 degrees C ) is heated to about 2300 degrees C (almost 5,000 degrees F). (almost 5,000 degrees F). This causes the This causes the mineral to become isometric. mineral to become isometric.

Synthetic Synthetic DiamondDiamondDiamondDiamond

Seeds

Fluoresecent diamondsFluoresecent diamonds

Hard to tell which ones will fluoresce; due to presence of inclusionsHard to tell which ones will fluoresce; due to presence of inclusions; p; p

Color of diamonds Color of diamonds --FluorescenceFluorescence

Color in diamonds arises from trace amountsf it ( ll ) d b (bl ) di dof nitrogen (yellow) and boron (blue); diamonds

that fluoresce are generally worth less; Ds areworth more than Zs…follow the 4Cs!!

Buying a diamondBuying a diamondBuying a diamondBuying a diamond

“The DeBeers Factor”“The DeBeers Factor”Although the larger the diamond, the more it is Although the larger the diamond, the more it is per caratper carat, , prices increase in stair steps not in a smooth curve The priceprices increase in stair steps not in a smooth curve The priceprices increase in stair steps, not in a smooth curve. The price prices increase in stair steps, not in a smooth curve. The price jumps up at the magic numbers. Which means that a 1.00 jumps up at the magic numbers. Which means that a 1.00 carat stone is a lot more carat stone is a lot more per caratper carat than than a 0.95 carat stone. a 0.95 carat stone. (Chances are that the 1.00 carat stone is also not very well (Chances are that the 1.00 carat stone is also not very well cut since cutters are fudging things a bit to make that magiccut since cutters are fudging things a bit to make that magiccut since cutters are fudging things a bit to make that magic cut since cutters are fudging things a bit to make that magic number.)number.)The next step happens at 1.20 carats. To make the most of The next step happens at 1.20 carats. To make the most of you money, avoid buying a diamond in a popular size (the you money, avoid buying a diamond in a popular size (the

d b b ll ) f h bd b b ll ) f h bround numbers, basically). If you want something above a round numbers, basically). If you want something above a carat, you may as well go 1.15. You paid for the step up, you carat, you may as well go 1.15. You paid for the step up, you may as well go as far as you can at that price level.may as well go as far as you can at that price level.

Beryl (BeBeryl (Be AlAl SiSi OO ))Beryl (BeBeryl (Be33AlAl22SiSi66OO1818))

EmeraldEmerald (traces of Cr (traces of Cr --green)green)AquamarineAquamarine (traces of Fe (traces of Fe ––blue)blue)HeliodorHeliodor (traces of Fe (traces of Fe ––yellow)yellow)G ld b lG ld b l (t f F(t f FGolden berylGolden beryl (traces of Fe (traces of Fe ––yellow)yellow)MorganiteMorganite (traces of Mn (traces of Mn ––pink)pink) Golden berylpink)pink)BixbiteBixbite (traces of Mn (traces of Mn –– red)red)Goshenite (colorless)Goshenite (colorless)

y

BerylBerylBerylBeryl

Hardness = 7.5Hardness = 7.5--88Density = 2.7Density = 2.7--2.92.9Refractive indexRefractive indexRefractive index = Refractive index = 1.561.56--1.601.60Hexagonal crystal Hexagonal crystal system; usually means system; usually means elongate crystalselongate crystalsLatin Latin smaragdus smaragdus ggmeans green stone means green stone (emerald)(emerald)Birthstone for MayBirthstone for MayBirthstone for MayBirthstone for May

EmeraldEmeraldEmeraldEmerald

Emerald occurs most often in mica Emerald occurs most often in mica schists of metamorphicschists of metamorphic--hydrothermal origin wherein the hydrothermal origin wherein the schists and other associated host schists and other associated host rocks formed by chemicalrocks formed by chemicalrocks formed by chemical rocks formed by chemical interaction between granitic rocks interaction between granitic rocks or pegmatites and the enclosing or pegmatites and the enclosing basic (silicabasic (silica--deficient) rocks. deficient) rocks. The chemical ingredients The chemical ingredients necessary for the formation ofnecessary for the formation ofnecessary for the formation of necessary for the formation of beryl frequently migrate from the beryl frequently migrate from the granitic material into the adjoining granitic material into the adjoining basic rocks where the beryl basic rocks where the beryl crystallizes.crystallizes.Some of the o ld's most famo sSome of the o ld's most famo sSome of the world's most famous Some of the world's most famous emerald deposits in emerald deposits in Columbia Columbia (Muzo)(Muzo) are of hydrothermal origin are of hydrothermal origin where heated mineral bearing where heated mineral bearing waters or gases from deep igneous waters or gases from deep igneous sources later cooled andsources later cooled andsources later cooled and sources later cooled and crystallized along fractures in crystallized along fractures in carbonate rocks.carbonate rocks.

EmeraldsEmeraldsEmeraldsEmeraldsBecause of emerald's relatively highBecause of emerald's relatively highBecause of emerald's relatively high Because of emerald's relatively high hardness and specific gravity, it is sometimes hardness and specific gravity, it is sometimes found in found in elluvialelluvial and alluvial deposits. and alluvial deposits. Emerald is usually recognized by its color, Emerald is usually recognized by its color,

840 lbs$400 M!?Brazil

form, hardness and specific gravity. form, hardness and specific gravity. Largest ever found 86,136 carat (40 lbs) Largest ever found 86,136 carat (40 lbs) emerald found in Brazil in 1972!!emerald found in Brazil in 1972!!

Brazil

EmeraldsEmeraldsEmeraldsEmeralds

Asterism and cat's eye stones Asterism and cat's eye stones are possible.are possible.Chromium defines emerald, Chromium defines emerald, whereas beryl colored with whereas beryl colored with vanadium is merely greenvanadium is merely green

Emerald (Cr impurities)

vanadium is merely green vanadium is merely green beryl. beryl. The finest emerald are The finest emerald are transparent but more transparent but more commonly they are clouded commonly they are clouded

ith i l iith i l iwith inclusions.with inclusions.Dispersion is 0.014 and Dispersion is 0.014 and emerald has distinct emerald has distinct pleochroism, showing bluepleochroism, showing blue--green and yellowishgreen and yellowish--green. green.

Green beryl (V impurities)g yg y ggIt has no fluorescence but It has no fluorescence but emerald shows bright red emerald shows bright red through the color or Chelsea through the color or Chelsea filter. filter. Emerald has a brittle tenacityEmerald has a brittle tenacityEmerald has a brittle tenacity Emerald has a brittle tenacity and therefore it is imperative and therefore it is imperative to to nevernever clean any beryl in an clean any beryl in an ultrasonic bath or steam ultrasonic bath or steam cleaner!cleaner!

Enhancements, synthetics Enhancements, synthetics , y, y& imitations& imitations

Nearly all emeralds are Nearly all emeralds are treated with oils or treated with oils or epoxy resins to fillepoxy resins to fill--ininepoxy resins to fillepoxy resins to fill in in surface cracks, making surface cracks, making the cracks less visible the cracks less visible and improvingand improvingand improving and improving transparency. transparency. Some oils are clear, Some oils are clear, some are tinted greensome are tinted greensome are tinted green some are tinted green to make the gems to make the gems more vivid.more vivid.

“Mt St Helens emerald”“Mt St Helens emerald”Mt St. Helens emerald Mt St. Helens emerald

Obsidian produced Obsidian produced from the 1980 Mt. St. from the 1980 Mt. St. Helens (glassy looking Helens (glassy looking l ) l il ) l i $89lava) explosion lava) explosion contains chromium. contains chromium. When cooked to over When cooked to over 2 700 deg ees F it2 700 deg ees F it

$89

2,700 degrees F it 2,700 degrees F it melts. Upon cooling it melts. Upon cooling it will look like a dark will look like a dark green emeraldgreen emeraldgreen emerald.green emerald.Watch it…it is sold on Watch it…it is sold on QVC!!!QVC!!!

$30$

Carolina Emerald (65 carats)Carolina Emerald (65 carats)Carolina Emerald (65 carats)Carolina Emerald (65 carats)

Uncut

Cut stone

Largest emerald ever found in the U.S. (65 carats). It was found in aFarmers field in North Carolina

Uncut

Inclusions in emeraldsInclusions in emeraldsInclusions in emeraldsInclusions in emeralds

Inclusions are numerous Inclusions are numerous in emerald. Excellent in emerald. Excellent images can be found atimages can be found atimages can be found at images can be found at gemtec.com and include gemtec.com and include pyritepyrite and albite crystals; and albite crystals; 33--phase inclusionsphase inclusions;;33 phase inclusionsphase inclusions; ; growth structures, spirals, growth structures, spirals, and and fingerprintsfingerprints; as well ; as well as,as, quartz and calcitequartz and calciteas, as, quartz and calcitequartz and calciteinclusions.inclusions.

Emerald pricingEmerald pricingEmerald pricingEmerald pricingHooker emerald broach

Best green and clean stones Best green and clean stones > 2cts are more valuable > 2cts are more valuable than diamondsthan diamondsBluer and paler stones are Bluer and paler stones are ~ $50~ $50--200+ ct. Best ones 200+ ct. Best ones >$10,000/ct!!>$10,000/ct!!Accepted that emeraldsAccepted that emeraldsAccepted that emeralds Accepted that emeralds contain inclusions and can contain inclusions and can be enhanced with oil and be enhanced with oil and fractures sealed with resinsfractures sealed with resins..Be wary if the Be wary if the emeraldemerald is is inexpensive and is inexpensive and is flawlessflawless, , probably probably syntheticsynthetic

Popular cuts for emeraldPopular cuts for emeraldPopular cuts for emeraldPopular cuts for emerald

AquamarineAquamarineAquamarineAquamarine

Best ones are from Best ones are from Brazil, Madagascar, Brazil, Madagascar, Afghanistan, and Afghanistan, and P ki tP ki tPakistanPakistanFound in pegmatitesFound in pegmatites$20$20--$50/ct$50/ct+ + for paler for paler $$ $$ ppstonesstones$100’s/ct for deep $100’s/ct for deep blueblueBirthstone for MarchBirthstone for MarchHeated to improve Heated to improve colorcolor

MorganiteMorganiteMorganiteMorganite

Best ones are from Best ones are from Brazil, California, and Brazil, California, and MadagascarMadagascarMadagascarMadagascarFound in pegmatitesFound in pegmatites$20$20--$50/ct$50/ct+ + for palerfor paler$20$20 $50/ct$50/ct for paler for paler stonesstones$100’s/ct for deep pink $100’s/ct for deep pink stonesstonesNamed after J.P. Named after J.P. Morgan!!Morgan!!Morgan!!Morgan!!

Golden beryl & heliodorGolden beryl & heliodorGolden beryl & heliodorGolden beryl & heliodor

Inexpensive $10s/ctInexpensive $10s/ctFound in granites and Found in granites and pegmatites; Brazil, pegmatites; Brazil, Madagascar, NamibiaMadagascar, NamibiaSometimes called Sometimes called heliodorheliodorT f FT f FTraces of Fe causes Traces of Fe causes yellow coloryellow colorLargest faceted stone Largest faceted stone is 2045 ctsis 2045 ctsis 2045 cts is 2045 cts (Smithsonian)(Smithsonian)

GosheniteGosheniteGosheniteGoshenite

Colorless berylColorless berylDoes not respond Does not respond ppto heat treatmentto heat treatmentFew dollars/ctFew dollars/ctFound in Goshen, Found in Goshen, Massachusetts, also Massachusetts, also Colombia PakistanColombia PakistanColombia, PakistanColombia, PakistanHas been used as a Has been used as a diamond imitatordiamond imitator

BixbiteBixbiteBixbiteBixbite

Red berylRed berylFound in Utah in Found in Utah in

l i kl i kvolcanic rocksvolcanic rocks<2<2--3 carats usually in 3 carats usually in size and alwayssize and alwayssize and always size and always contains inclusionscontains inclusionsValued at $100’s/ctValued at $100’s/ctCan be synthetic; Can be synthetic; ~$7/ct~$7/ctThe rarest berylThe rarest berylThe rarest berylThe rarest beryl