GEF CReW & the LBS Protocol UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme Protecting our Caribbean Sea Sustaining Our Future Christopher Corbin, Programme Officer MISSION "To promote regional co-operation for the protection and development of the Wider Caribbean Region OBJECTIVE To achieve sustainable development of marine and coastal resources in the Wider Caribbean Region through effective, integrated management that allows for economic growth and sustainable livelihoods CARIBBEAN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME SUB-PROGRAMMES CARIBBEAN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME Assessment & Management of Environmental Pollution (AMEP) Specially Protected Areas & Wildlife (SPAW) Communication, Education, Training & Awareness (CETA) The Cartagena Convention addresses several different coastal & marine environmental threats affecting the countries of the Wider Caribbean Region. There are three supporting Protocols to the Convention which identify additional obligations for the protection and development of the Caribbean Sea further reducing negative impacts to the coastal and marine environment. Only Legally Binding Regional Multilateral Environmental Agreement for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region CARTAGENA CONVENTION Cartagena Convention Adopted in 1983 Entry into force 1986 Protocol for Cooperation in Combatting Oil Spills Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas & Wildlife (SPAW) Protocol concerning Pollution from Land Based Sources and Activities (LBS) Adopted in 1983 Entered into force in 1986 Adopted in 1990 Entered into force in 2000 Adopted in 1999 Entered into force in 2010 The three Protocols to the Convention are supported by Regional Activity Centres (RACs). A RAC is a financially autonomous, international or regional organization, or regional or national institution with regional focus, which has been designated by the Contracting Parties to the Cartagena Convention to coordinate or carry out specific technical functions and activities in support of the Convention and its Protocols. STATUS OF THE CARTAGENA CONVENTION & ITS PROTOCOLS Cartagena Convention: 25 Parties Oil Spills Protocol: 25 Parties SPAW Protocol: 16 Parties LBS Protocol: 11 Parties 12 Parties Our Main Pollutants Sewage Nutrients Sediments Solid Waste - Marine Litter Heavy Metals Oils Persistent Organic Pollutants Radioactive Substances Hormones, Drugs, Microplastics Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources & Activities (LBS) SOURCES OF POLLUTION Garbage running into gullies from various places Sewage Solid waste such as old appliances, car parts Grey water- water from sinks and drains Deforestation Poor land use practices: Urbanization, Coastal Development Fertilizer & pesticide runoff The # 1 Source of Direct Pollution of the Marine Environment is Untreated Domestic Wastewater- Over 75% enters the Caribbean Sea The Protocol was developed in 1999 under the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment (Cartagena Convention) to assist countries of the Wider Caribbean to control, prevent and reduce land based sources of marine pollution. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER: NUMBER 1 Point Source AGRICULTURAL RUN-OFF: NUMBER 1 Non Point Source Entered into force in August 2010 WHAT IS THE LBS PROTOCOL? Reduce pollution through establishment of effluent & emission limitations and/or through best management practices OBJECTIVES OF THE LBS PROTOCOL Exchange information on land-based pollution through cooperation in monitoring & research STATUS OF THE CARTAGENA CONVENTION & THE LBS PROTOCOL Cartagena Convention & Oil Spills Protocol: 25 Parties (28) LBS Protocol: 11 Parties 12 Parties COUNTRY OBLIGATIONS/ 1 COUNTRY OBLIGATIONS/ 2 COUNTRY OBLIGATIONS / 3 CHALLENGES COUNTRIES ARE FACING Financing Lack of data & Information Policies Institutions Laws Appropriate technologies Political Support Public & Private sector support Competing priorities Integrated long term planning HOW IS THE LBS PROTOCOL HELPING IT'S PARTIES? Technical Assistance - Guidelines, Tools, Methodologies, Technologies & Best Practices Mobilize Financing for Pollution Reduction Projects & Activities Capacity Building & Training Promotion & Awareness - Policy Briefs, Data & Information Policy & Legal Reforms UNEP CEP PROJECTS - POLLUTION PREVENTION GEF CReW, IWEco, CLME+ GEF CReW: 13 countries; SIDS, Central America, (IDB & UNEP) Caribbean Regional Fund for Wastewater Management GEF IWEco: 10 Caribbean SIDS (UNEP & UNDP) Implementing Water, Land & Ecosystem Management in Caribbean SIDS GEF CLME+: 2 LMEs: CARIBBEAN LME & NORTH BRAZIL SHELF LME - 25 GEF-eligible countries + dependent territories + USA Support to Plans, Policies, Laws, Legislation & Regulations Support for Training e.g. Project Management, Monitoring & Assessment, Wastewater Technologies Support for on the ground solutions e.g. rainwater harvesting, sanitation, rehabilitation of wastewater treatment plants, sustainable financing, MPAs THANK YOU United Nations Environment Programme Caribbean Environment Programme Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica Tel: ; Fax: Website:Facebook: UNEP-Caribbean Environment Programme THANK YOU