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7/30/2019 Geert HofstedeGs Model
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Geert Hofstedes Model
These ideas were first
based on a large research
project into national
culture differences across
subsidiaries of a
multinational corporation
(IBM) in 64 countries.
1
7/30/2019 Geert HofstedeGs Model
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Geert Hofstedes Model (cont.)
Subsequent studies by
others covered students
in 23 countries
2
Elites in 19 countries;
Commercial Airline Pilots in 23 countries;
Up-market Consumers in 15 countries; and
Civil Service Managers in 14 countries.
These studies together identified and validated five
independent dimensions of national culture differences.
7/30/2019 Geert HofstedeGs Model
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GeertHofstedes
Model
Geert Hofstedes Model (cont.)
3
Power Distance
Individualism
Masculinity vs.
Feminity
Uncertainty
Avoidance
Long Term vs.
Short Term
Orientation
7/30/2019 Geert HofstedeGs Model
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Geert Hofstedes Model (cont.)
It is a measure of the inequality
between bosses and inferiors.
The extent to which the less
powerful members of organizationsand institutions (like the family)
accept and expect that power is
distributed unequally. This
represents inequality, but definedfrom below, not from above.
4
Power Distance
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/power%20distance.flv7/30/2019 Geert HofstedeGs Model
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Geert Hofstedes Model (cont.)
It is the degree to which one thinks
in terms ofI vs. WEOn the individualist side we find
societies in which the ties between
individuals are loose everyone is
expected to look after him / herself
and his / her immediate family.
5
Individualism
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Geert Hofstedes Model(cont.)
It is the degree to which individuals
are integrated into groups.
These are societies in which people
from birth onwards are integrated into
strong, cohesive in-groups, extended
families (with uncles, aunts and
grandparents) which continue
protecting them, in exchange for
unquestioning loyalty.6
Individualism vs. Collectivism
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/Collectivism%20and%20Individualism.flv7/30/2019 Geert HofstedeGs Model
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Geert Hofstedes Model(cont.)
Masculinity vs. its opposite Femininity, is also known as
Achievement vs. Relationship-orientation.
7
Masculinity vs. Feminity
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Geert Hofstedes Model(cont.)
The Assertive pole
has been called
Masculine
8
Masculinity vs. Feminity
and the
modest, caringpole Feminine!
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Geert Hofstedes Model(cont.)
It is the degree to which one is comfortable withambiguous situations
9
Uncertainty Avoidance
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Geert Hofstedes Model(cont.)
Unstructured situations are
novel,
unknown,
surprising,
different from usual..!
10
Uncertainty Avoidance
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Geert Hofstedes Model(cont.)
Uncertainty avoiding cultures
try to minimize the possibility
of such situations by strict
laws and rules, safety andsecurity measures.
11
Uncertainty Avoidance
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Geert Hofstedes Model(cont.)
Values associated with Long Term Orientation are:
Thrift and Perseverance
12
Long Term vs. Short Term Orientation
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Geert Hofstedes Model(cont.)
Values associated with Short Term Orientation are:respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and
protecting one's face.
13
Long Term vs. Short Term Orientation
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Comparisons Across Countries
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India UK
Australia USA
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Geert Hofstedes Classification
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Geert Hofstedes Classification
India & China
http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/uae.htmhttp://www.cyborlink.com/besite/saudi-arabia.htmhttp://www.cyborlink.com/besite/egypt.htm7/30/2019 Geert HofstedeGs Model
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Egypt Iraq Kuwait Lebanon Libya KSA UAE
0
20
40
60
80
100
PDI IDV MAS UAI
17
http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/uae.htmhttp://www.cyborlink.com/besite/saudi-arabia.htmhttp://www.cyborlink.com/besite/egypt.htm7/30/2019 Geert HofstedeGs Model
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PDI
0
20
40
60
80
100
PowerDista
nceIndex
PDI
PDI 36 69 80 35 77 54 93 49 58 35 40
Australia Brazil China * Germany India Japan Russia *South
AfricaTaiwan UK USA
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19
IDV
0
50
100
Individualism
IDV
IDV 90 38 20 67 48 46 39 65 17 89 91
Austr Brazil China Germ India Japan Russi South Taiwa UK USA
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20
LTO
0
50
100
150
Lon
gTerm
Orientation
LTO
LTO 31 65 118 31 61 80 87 25 29
Austral Brazil China * Germa India Japan Taiwan UK USA