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Gears & VEX
Agenda
• Essential Terminology• Gear Types• Gearing Up/Gearing Down• Direction• Gear Ratios• Example• Application: Sumo-Bot Competition
gear testing apparatus
Essential Terminology
• Driver – gear attached to a motor• Follower – gear doing useful work• Idler – gear between the driver and follower• Gear Train – a row of gears• Geared Up – the follower moves faster than the
driver• Geared Down – the follower moves slower than the
driver• Compound gears – a gear train with multiple gears
on one axle
Do you get it?
• Which gear is the driver (A or B)?
• Which gear is the follower (A or B)?
A B
motor
Do you get it?
• Which gear is the driver (A or B)? → A
• Which gear is the follower (A or B)? → B
A B
motor
Do you get it?
• Which gear is the follower (A, B, or C)?• Which gear is the driver (A, B, or C)? • Which gear is the idler (A, B, or C)?
A B C
motorwheel
Do you get it?
• Which gear is the follower (A, B, or C)? → C• Which gear is the driver (A, B, or C)? → A• Which gear is the idler (A, B, or C)? → B
A B C
motorwheel
Gear Types
spur gears
differential bevel gears rack & pinion worm gear
Spur Gears
84 tooth
60 tooth
36 tooth
24 tooth
12 tooth
Worm Gears
worm gear
Worm gears allow axles at right angles to transfer
rotational motion.
Bevel Gears
Bevel gears allow rotational motion to
be transferred at right angles.
Rack & Pinion
rack
pinion
Racks and pinions are used to translate rotational motion into linear motion.
Differential
Differentials are devices that allow each of the axles to rotate at different speeds, while supplying equal torque to each of them.
Sprockets & Chains
Sprockets inside the same chain rotate in the same direction.
Sprockets outside the chain rotate in the opposite direction.
Pulleys & Belts
Pulleys and belts are not available for VEX
Sometimes tank treads can be used as belts.
Direction
• even number of gears:
driver & follower turn in
opposite directions
• odd number of gears:
driver & follower turn in
same direction
driver
driver
driver
follower
follower
follower
Did you get it?
driver
Would the follower gear move clockwise or counterclockwise?
Did you get it?
driver
Would the follower gear move clockwise or counterclockwise?
Did you get it?
driver
Would the follower gear move clockwise or counterclockwise?
Did you get it?
driver
Would the follower gear move clockwise or counterclockwise?
Geared Up
• large driver turns small follower
• increases speed• decreases torque
(turning force)
driven gear follower geardriver
follower
Geared Down
• small driver turns large follower
• increases torque (turning force)
• decreases speed
driven gear follower gear
follower
driver
Gear Analysis
To analyze any gear train you need to:
1. Locate the driver gear
2. Locate the follower gear
3. Calculate the Gear Ratio
Use the following rules to calculate gear ratios.
Gear Ratios(determining what a gear will do)
Example Gear Ratio:– ⅓ or 1:3 – read as 1 to 3– 1 turn of the driver will turn the follower 3 times
thdriver tee
eethfollower t ratiogear
What is the gear ratio?
84 tooth driver
60 tooth follower
What is the gear ratio?
driver
follower
7
5
teeth84
teeth60
thdriver tee
eethfollower t ratiogear
Long Gear Trains
The gear attached to the motor is the driver.
The gear doing work is the follower.
All in-between gears are idlers.
Ignore the idler gears!
DriverIdlers
Follower Gear Ratio = 24/40
= 3/5
3 turns of the 40 tooth gear will turn the 24 tooth gear 5 times.
Compound Gears(Multiple Gears on One Axle)
1. Pair up drivers and followers
2. Start a new driver/follower pair if an axle has a second gear attached.
3. Multiply the gear ratios of all the driver/follower pairs.
D2
Gear 1 = 12 teeth Gear 2 = 36 teeth
Gear 3 = 12 teeth Gear 4 = 60 teeth
Compound Gears(Multiple Gears on One Axle)
1. Pair up drivers and followers
2. Start a new driver/follower pair if an axle has a second gear attached.
3. Multiply the gear ratios of all the driver/follower pairs.
D2
Gear 1 = 12 teeth Gear 2 = 36 teeth
Gear 3 = 12 teeth Gear 4 = 60 teeth
Gear 1 & Gear 2:
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
Compound Gears(Multiple Gears on One Axle)
1. Pair up drivers and followers
2. Start a new driver/follower pair if an axle has a second gear attached.
3. Multiply the gear ratios of all the driver/follower pairs.
1
15
1
5x
1
3
D2
Gear 1 = 12 teeth Gear 2 = 36 teeth
Gear 3 = 12 teeth Gear 4 = 60 teeth
Gear 1 & Gear 2:
Gear 3 & Gear 4:
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
1
5
12
60
driver
follower
Multiply the gear ratios:
Compound Gears(Multiple Gears on One Axle)
1. Pair up drivers and followers
2. Start a new driver/follower pair if an axle has a second gear attached.
3. Multiply the gear ratios of all the driver/follower pairs.
1
15
1
5
1
3
D2
Gear 1 = 12 teeth Gear 2 = 36 teeth
Gear 3 = 12 teeth Gear 4 = 60 teeth
Gear 1 & Gear 2:
Gear 3 & Gear 4:
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
1
5
12
60
driver
follower
Multiply the gear ratios:
15:1
Calculate the Gear Ratio(Assume the last axle does the useful work)
36t
36t
60t
12t
12t
1 23
4
12t
Calculate the Gear Ratio(Assume the last axle does the useful work)
36t
36t
60t
12t
12t
1 23
4
Pair 1:
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
12t
Calculate the Gear Ratio(Assume the last axle does the useful work)
36t
36t
60t
12t
12t
1 23
4
Pair 1:
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
Pair 2:
12t
Calculate the Gear Ratio(Assume the last axle does the useful work)
36t
36t
60t
12t
12t
1 23
4
Pair 1:
Pair 3:
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
1
5
12
60
driver
follower
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
Pair 2:
12t
Calculate the Gear Ratio(Assume the last axle does the useful work)
36t
36t
60t
12t
12t
1 23
4
1
45
1
5
1
3
1
3
Pair 1:
Pair 3:
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
1
5
12
60
driver
follower
Multiply the gear ratios:
1
3
12
36
driver
follower
Pair 2:
45:1
12t
Team Unlimited’s2-Speed Transmission
Calculate This:
Is this transmission currently geared up or down? → geared down
What is the current gear ratio of this transmission? → 60:36 = 5:3
What is the gear ratio of the other set of gears? → 60:60 = 1:1
60 tooth 36 tooth 60 tooth
36 tooth 60 tooth 60 tooth
Calculate This:
Is this transmission currently geared up or down? → geared down
What is the current gear ratio of this transmission? → 60:36 = 5:3
What is the gear ratio of the other set of gears? → 60:60 = 1:1
60 tooth 36 tooth 60 tooth
36 tooth 60 tooth 60 tooth
Sumo-Bot• All robots are placed in a
10’ x 10’ field
• If any part of a robot touches the field wall, it is removed
• The last robot left on the field wins!
Good Luck!
Hint: use gears to get the perfect combination of speed & torque
Thanks/Resources
• Teaching Gear Theory to Students
• CMU's Vex Curriculum: Gearbox Lesson