RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGETHANDALAM CHENNAI ndash 602 105

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

LESSON PLAN (JUNE 2011 ndash NOV 2011 )

Faculty Name Code VGayathri BT17( Senior Lecturer) amp` SThiruvengadam BT109 (Senior Lecturer)

Sub Code Name GE 2021-Professional Ethics And Human Values Class V Semester (Sec A B)

SYLLABUS (Regulation 2008) Total Lect hrs 45

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality UNIT II ENGINEERING ETHICS

Senses of ldquoEngineering Ethicsrdquo - variety of moral issued - types of inquiry - moral dilemmas - moral autonomy - Kohlbergs theory - Gilligans theory - consensus and controversy ndash Models of Professional Roles - theories about right action - Self-interest - customs and religion - uses of ethical theories

UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation - engineers as responsible experimenters - codes of ethics - a balanced outlook on law - the challenger case study

UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS

Safety and risk - assessment of safety and risk - risk benefit analysis and reducing risk - the three mile island and Chernobyl case studies Collegiality and loyalty - respect for authority - collective bargaining - confidentiality - conflicts of interest - occupational crime - professional rights - employee rights - Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) - discrimination

UNIT V GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational corporations - Environmental ethics - computer ethics - weapons development - engineers as managers-consulting engineers-engineers as expert witnesses and advisors -moral leadership-sample code of Ethics (Specific to a particular Engineering Discipline)

TEXT BOOKS

T1 Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger ldquoEthics in Engineeringrdquo McGraw-Hill New York 1996T2 Govindarajan M Natarajan S Senthil Kumar V S ldquo Engineering Ethicsrdquo Prentice Hall of India New

Delhi 2004

REFERENCES

R1 Charles D Fleddermann ldquoEngineering Ethicsrdquo Pearson Education Prentice Hall New Jersey 2004 (Indian Reprint now available)

R2 Charles E Harris Michael S Protchard and Michael J Rabins ldquoEngineering Ethics ndash Concepts and Casesrdquo Wadsworth Thompson Learning United States 2000 (Indian Reprint now available)

R3 John R Boatright ldquoEthics and the Conduct of Businessrdquo Pearson Education New Delhi 2003R4 Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry ldquoFundamentals of Ethics for Scientists and Engineersrdquo

Oxford University Press Oxford 2001

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

1 The right to freedom of physical movement2 The right to ownership of property3 The right to freedom from torture4 The right to a fair trial5 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment6 The right to physical security7 The right to freedom of speech and association8 The right to minimal education9 The right to political participation10 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

11 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices12 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

13 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

14 Define Ethics

15 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

16 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

17 Define Confidentiality

18 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

19 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

20 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

21 Define Self Confidence

22 List the types of Human Values

23 What are the professional responsibilities

24 What is meant by moral autonomy

25 What are the functions of code of Ethics

26 What do you understand by the term authenticity

27 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

28 What is meant by voluntary risk

29 Define conflict resolution

30 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

11 The right to freedom of physical movement12 The right to ownership of property13 The right to freedom from torture14 The right to a fair trial15 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment16 The right to physical security17 The right to freedom of speech and association18 The right to minimal education19 The right to political participation20 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

31 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices32 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

33 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

34 Define Ethics

35 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

36 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

37 Define Confidentiality

38 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

39 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

40 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

1 The right to freedom of physical movement2 The right to ownership of property3 The right to freedom from torture4 The right to a fair trial5 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment6 The right to physical security7 The right to freedom of speech and association8 The right to minimal education9 The right to political participation10 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

11 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices12 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

13 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

14 Define Ethics

15 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

16 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

17 Define Confidentiality

18 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

19 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

20 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

21 Define Self Confidence

22 List the types of Human Values

23 What are the professional responsibilities

24 What is meant by moral autonomy

25 What are the functions of code of Ethics

26 What do you understand by the term authenticity

27 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

28 What is meant by voluntary risk

29 Define conflict resolution

30 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

11 The right to freedom of physical movement12 The right to ownership of property13 The right to freedom from torture14 The right to a fair trial15 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment16 The right to physical security17 The right to freedom of speech and association18 The right to minimal education19 The right to political participation20 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

31 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices32 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

33 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

34 Define Ethics

35 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

36 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

37 Define Confidentiality

38 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

39 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

40 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

1 The right to freedom of physical movement2 The right to ownership of property3 The right to freedom from torture4 The right to a fair trial5 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment6 The right to physical security7 The right to freedom of speech and association8 The right to minimal education9 The right to political participation10 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

11 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices12 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

13 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

14 Define Ethics

15 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

16 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

17 Define Confidentiality

18 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

19 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

20 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

21 Define Self Confidence

22 List the types of Human Values

23 What are the professional responsibilities

24 What is meant by moral autonomy

25 What are the functions of code of Ethics

26 What do you understand by the term authenticity

27 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

28 What is meant by voluntary risk

29 Define conflict resolution

30 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

11 The right to freedom of physical movement12 The right to ownership of property13 The right to freedom from torture14 The right to a fair trial15 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment16 The right to physical security17 The right to freedom of speech and association18 The right to minimal education19 The right to political participation20 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

31 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices32 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

33 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

34 Define Ethics

35 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

36 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

37 Define Confidentiality

38 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

39 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

40 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

21 Define Self Confidence

22 List the types of Human Values

23 What are the professional responsibilities

24 What is meant by moral autonomy

25 What are the functions of code of Ethics

26 What do you understand by the term authenticity

27 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

28 What is meant by voluntary risk

29 Define conflict resolution

30 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

11 The right to freedom of physical movement12 The right to ownership of property13 The right to freedom from torture14 The right to a fair trial15 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment16 The right to physical security17 The right to freedom of speech and association18 The right to minimal education19 The right to political participation20 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

31 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices32 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

33 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

34 Define Ethics

35 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

36 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

37 Define Confidentiality

38 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

39 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

40 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

11 The right to freedom of physical movement12 The right to ownership of property13 The right to freedom from torture14 The right to a fair trial15 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment16 The right to physical security17 The right to freedom of speech and association18 The right to minimal education19 The right to political participation20 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

31 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices32 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

33 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

34 Define Ethics

35 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

36 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

37 Define Confidentiality

38 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

39 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

40 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

11 The right to freedom of physical movement12 The right to ownership of property13 The right to freedom from torture14 The right to a fair trial15 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment16 The right to physical security17 The right to freedom of speech and association18 The right to minimal education19 The right to political participation20 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

31 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices32 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

33 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

34 Define Ethics

35 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

36 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

37 Define Confidentiality

38 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

39 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

40 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

11 The right to freedom of physical movement12 The right to ownership of property13 The right to freedom from torture14 The right to a fair trial15 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment16 The right to physical security17 The right to freedom of speech and association18 The right to minimal education19 The right to political participation20 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

31 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices32 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

33 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

34 Define Ethics

35 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

36 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

37 Define Confidentiality

38 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

39 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

40 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

11 The right to freedom of physical movement12 The right to ownership of property13 The right to freedom from torture14 The right to a fair trial15 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment16 The right to physical security17 The right to freedom of speech and association18 The right to minimal education19 The right to political participation20 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

31 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices32 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

33 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

34 Define Ethics

35 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

36 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

37 Define Confidentiality

38 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

39 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

40 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

41 Define Self Confidence

42 List the types of Human Values

43 What are the professional responsibilities

44 What is meant by moral autonomy

45 What are the functions of code of Ethics

46 What do you understand by the term authenticity

47 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

48 What is meant by voluntary risk

49 Define conflict resolution

50 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

21 The right to freedom of physical movement22 The right to ownership of property23 The right to freedom from torture24 The right to a fair trial25 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment26 The right to physical security27 The right to freedom of speech and association28 The right to minimal education29 The right to political participation30 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

51 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

52 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

53 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

54 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

55 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

56 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

57 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

58 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

59 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

60 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

61 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

62 List the types of Human Values 63 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence64 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern65 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

66 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

67 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

68 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

69 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

70 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty (8)

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict52 What do you mean by problems of disagreement53 What are the steps for confronting moral dilemmas54 What are the factors influencing the moral concern55 What is moral autonomy56 What are the three levels of moral development in Kohlbergrsquos theory57 What is conventional level of moral development58 What are the difficulties in Kohlbergrsquos theory59 What are the concepts of Pre-conventional level and conventional level in Gilliganrsquos theory60 How one is able to become morally responsible61 What is Gilligan theory62 What are consensus and controversy63 What is the relationship between moral autonomy and authority64 Define profession and professionalism65 Mention the two basic criteria for the Professional engineers66 What are professional responsibilities67 Explain professional organization68 What are the obstacles or impediments to responsibility in profession69 Define engineer as savior70 Is professionalism based on virtues71 What are the types of virtues72 What are the types of theories about virtues73 What do you mean by public spirited virtues74 What is moral integrity75 What are the components of self respect76 What is accountability77 What do you mean by ethical egoism78 What is honesty in beliefs79 What is honesty in acts80 What is honesty in speech81 Differentiate self esteem and self respect82 What are the senses of responsibility83 Differentiate casual responsibility and legal responsibility84 What are the Rawls two principles85 What is ethical egoism86 What is paradox of happiness87 Define ethical pluralism and ethical relativism88 Write any three uses of ethical theories89 What are self-direction virtues90 What are public spirited virtues team work virtues and proficiency virtues91 Who are right ethics followers92 Discuss the need for moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics93 Discuss the skills for improving the moral autonomy94 What are the steps involved in confronting moral dilemmas95 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos theory of moral autonomy96 Discuss Gilliganrsquos theory of moral autonomy97 Discuss Heinzrsquos dilemma with reference to the above theories98 Discuss consensus and controversy99 Discuss the responsibility of professional as a professional virtue100 Discuss the senses of responsibility101 Discuss the challenger disaster with reference to O rings102 Explain the theories of right action

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

103 Write a short note on self-interest and ethical egoism104 Discuss the uses of ethical theories105 What are the salient features of implementing the code of ethics or stressing towards the responsibility of engineers106 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as responsible engineers107 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid informed consent108 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-explain109 ldquoEngineers should have imaginative foresight and thought for the futurerdquo- discuss110 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values111 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals112 How did Gilligan recast Kohlbergrsquos levels of moral development Or how did Gilligan view the three levels of moral development initiated by Kohlberg113 Discuss the ethical issues faced by the engineers working in industry114 Enumerate the steps to resolve problems of disagreement in solving moral problems in engineering companies115 Explain the vital role of consensus and controversy while considering moral autonomy in engineering ethics116 How can professionalism be achieved117 ldquoEngineers are obliged to bring integrity and competence to what ever work they undertakerdquo-discuss118 What are the general types of inquiries involved in engineering inspection Give details119 What are the skills required for improving moral autonomy of engineers and professionals120 State the important uses of ethical theories

Engineering as Social Experimentation

121 What are the logics of engineering as social experimentation122 How Titanic tragedy could be brought under engineering as social experimentation123 What are the basic similarities between engineering experiments and standard experiments124 What are the various reasons for the repeated recurrences of tragedies like that of Titanic incident125 What are the important differences between engineering and standard experiments126 What are the factors that make it appropriate to view engineering projects as experiments127 What is monitoring128 What is the responsibility of a manager129 What is the responsibility of a scientist130 How do you describe informed consent131 What are the conditions for valid consent132 What is the specific role of informed consent in engineering experimentation133 What are the salient features of informed consent in engineering experimentation134 What are the moral responsibilities of engineers to society135 What is conscientiousness in terms of engineers as responsible experimenters136 Bring out the role of conscientiousness in professional engineering137 How engineering could be regarded as preventive technology138 What are the attitudes followed in lsquodefensive engineeringrsquo139 What are the general features of morally responsible engineers140 What are the possible threats and obstacles to an engineer141 What is the responsibility of an engineer142 Mention the role or moral autonomy in professional engineering143 How professional societies are actively associated with moral autonomy of engineers144 What is accountability145 What is the primary reason that caused the failure of space shuttle praogramme Challenger146 Name the aerospace experts and scientists who were associated with the launching of Challenger147 What is the statement of Jerry Mason in the Challenger case148 How exactly the tragic collapse of Challenger space shuttle took place149 Name some of the safety issues concerned with the launching of Challenger150 Mention about the significance of teleconference held before the launching of Challenger151 What are the roles played by cods of ethics152 What is the responsibility of a stockholder153 What are the different types of the industrial standards154 What are the advantages of following industrial standards

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

155 Define code of ethics156 What are the positive aspects of code of ethics157 Name some of the important code of ethics published by engineering societies158 What are the benefits derived by engineers out of ethics

159 Mention a few limitations of ethical codes160 What is the responsibility of a consumer161 Give two examples for lsquolearning from the pastrsquo162 What is the significance of industrial codes163 What is the proper role of law in engineering

Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

164 What is safety165 What is meant by risk166 How risk is identified167 Is risk accepted168 What is an accident169 What are the three types of accidents170 How do you assess safety171 What is safe design172 How useful is knowledge of risk to designers173 What are the tests for safety174 Risk benefit-explain175 Is risk accepted by public176 Define hazard177 How risk is reduced178 What is risk management179 How the risk evaluation is done180 Name the methods to control risk181 How is risk accounted182 Give an example for improved safety183 Name the steps involved in design for safety184 What are the ways in which risks are identified185 Give any two action plan that would ensure safe design186 What is risk retention187 Define risk transfer

Responsibilities and Rights

188 Define loyalty189 What is collegiality190 Mention the core elements of collegiality191 What do you understand by lsquorespectrsquo192 What is the meaning of commitment193 Define connectedness194 What are the two senses of loyalty195 What are institutional authority and expert authority196 What is obligation of loyalty197 What is misguided loyalty198 Discuss professionalism and loyalty199 When an engineer is right in withholding identification loyalty200 Differentiate authority and power201 What is moral right202 Distinguish between human moral rights and special moral rights203 What is accepting authority204 State the paramount obligations205 What is collective bargaining206 Who is a faithful agent207 What are the consequences of collective bargaining in public service208 What is confidentiality209 What is trade secret

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

210 What is patent211 How can one escape from patent violation212 What are gifts and bribes213 Explain insider information214 Explain occupational crime215 What is price fixing Is it illegal

216 Is employeesrsquo life protected217 What are professional rights218 What is the basic right of professional conscience219 What is institutional recognition of rights220 What is right of conscientious refusal221 Limited right-explain222 How engineers are made happy223 What are the two basic rights of professional conscience224 Explain rights ethics225 What is duty ethics226 What is utilitarianism227 What is whistle blowing228 List the four man features of whistle blowing229 Discuss external internal and open whistle blowing230 What re the different views about whistle blowing231 What re the moral guidelines for whistle blowing232 Are whistle blowers protected233 Is whistle blowing a right234 What are employee rights235 What is employee bill of rights236 What is discrimination237 What is sexual harassment238 Explain the following abbreviations FAA BART NSPE EPA AFL CIO GATT WTO NASA WIPO239 What is IPR240 What are the main areas of IPR241 What is WIPO242 Distinguish between confidential and privileged information243 How patents differ from trade secrets244 Do you see any special moral issue raised by anonymous whistle blowing245 Present your view on collective action by unions aimed at employers and disloyalty on the part of the employees246 Write short note on utility patent247 Differentiate design patent and plant patent248 What is copyright Whose rights are protected249 What is bootlegging250 What is meant by occupational crime

Global Issues

251 What are global issues252 Distinguish between ethical relativism and descriptive relativism253 What are the roles of international rights in multinational companies254 Differentiate between technology transfer and appropriate technology255 Mention some typical examples for appropriate technology256 Mention the causes of Bhopal tragedy257 What re the important concepts of environmental ethics258 How Cinemarsquos rice oil is associated with the violation of environmental ethics259 What is sentient centered ethics260 Mention about the salient features of eco centric ethics261 What are the characteristic features of human centered environmental ethics262 What are the computer abuses263 What are the roles of power relationships in computer ethics264 What s biased software265 What is embezzlement266 What are hackers267 What re the professional issues that are related with computer ethics

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

268 What are the moral values of engineerrsquos involved in weapons development269 How engineers justify their involvements in weapons works270 List out the various problems of defense industry271 How do you evaluate that engineers are best suited to be managers272 Define an ethical climate273 Briefly give the contribution of Martin Marietta Corporation of US in the promotion of ethical climate274 Name the special features of an ethical corporate climate

275 Name the important areas that highlight the responsibilities of consulting engineers276 What are the prerequisites of engineers to act as expert witness and advisers277 Mention the important responsibilities of engineers as expert witness in the court278 Define hired guns279 How engineers could act as morally creative leaders280 What is honesty in beliefs281 What is honesty in acts282 What is honesty in speech283 What does compromise mean284 What are the senses of responsibility285 What is sense of dignity286 What are moral principles287 What are human values288 What are the different types of values289 What are ethical values290 Distinguish values from ethics and culture291 What is integrity292 Define work ethics293 What is service learning294 Mention some civic virtues295 Write a note on caring and sharing296 Write a note on honesty297 What is courage as a value298 Write a note on time management299 Write a note on co-operation and commitment300 What is empathy301 Write a note on self-confidence302 What is character as a human value303 What is Spirituality

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

GE 1301 Engineering Ethics

UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction

Short Questions

1 Discuss the need to focus on Professional Ethics

2 Define Personal and Professional Ethics

3 What is meant by moral autonomy

4 Classify the types of inquiry

5 Define the terms ldquoProfessionrdquo and ldquoProfessionalismrdquo

6 What are the basic concepts of right action

7 What do you understand by self-interest and ethical egoism

8 Explain the levels of moral development suggested by Kohlberg

9 What are the steps needed in confronting moral dilemmas

10 Which are the practical skills that will help to produce effective independent thought about

moral issues

11 What are the three virtues of religion

12 What are the professional responsibilities

13 What is the ethical duty of a manager toward his fellow engineer

14 Explain what is meant by moral integrity

15 What is self-respect

16 Explain the concepts of Rule Utilitarianism and Rational Desires

17 Explain Kantrsquos view of duty ethics

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

18 What are the membership criteria for being an engineer

Long Questions

1 Discuss any two case studies on professional disagreements an engineer may encounter and

discuss how you would act in that situation

2 Discuss the scope and aims of engineering ethics

3 Discuss the theories pertaining to Moral Autonomy with specific reference to consensus and

controversy

4 What is meant by professional responsibility and discuss the theories about virtues

5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering

6 What is virtue ethics Explain the meaning of virtue and the ldquogolden meanrdquo of Aristotle

7 What are the theories about morality Explain briefly about each theory

Problems

1 How different are personal ethics and business ethics Is this difference true for you personally

2 What are the roots of your personal ethics

3 What changes would have to be made for engineering to be a profession more like medicine or

law

4 In which ways do law medicine and engineering fit the social-contract and the business models

of a profession

5 What do duty and rights ethics tell us about the Challenger case

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals Values and Ethics ndash Integrity ndash Work Ethic ndash Service Learning ndash Civic Virtue ndash Respect for Others ndash Living Peacefully ndash caring ndash Sharing ndash Honesty ndash Courage ndash Valuing Time ndash Co-operation ndash Commitment ndash Empathy ndash Self-Confidence ndash Character ndash Spirituality

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Question Bank

Professional Ethics1 Define Engineering Ethics2 Why is it important for engineering students to study engineering ethics3 What are the ethical principles for students4 List the approaches to engineering ethics5 Where and how do moral problems arise in engineering6 List the types of inquiry7 What are the moral rights essential for engineers to fulfill their professional obligations8 What is a profession and professional9 What does it mean when codes of ethics say engineers should protect the safety health and welfare of the public10 Why study engineering ethics11 What are moral dilemmas12 What do you mean by moral autonomy13 Differentiate profession and professionalism14 What do code of ethics exhibit15 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process16 State some issues on engineering ethics17 How do engineering ethics differ from general ethics18 What are the objectives of ethics19 What are the roles of engineers in engineering societies20 What are the characteristics of a good engineer21 Explain the scope of engineering ethics22 Define morality23 How do moral problems arise in engineering24 What is the need of moral autonomy in the field of engineering ethics25 What are the attributes of a profession26 What are the pleasures offered by engineering27 What is meant by professional responsibility28 How can professionalism be achieved29 What is the significance of ethics in engineering profession29 What are the basic goals of engineering ethics30 Define engineering ethics31 What are the applications of engineering ethics in decision making

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

32 Define ethics and morals33 What is the purpose of studying engineering ethics34 How ethics in engineering differ from ethics of engineers35 Mention the various senses of ethics36 Differentiate moral and ethics37 What are moral reasons38 Give any four technical judgments of an engineer39 Give any four moral aspects of an engineer40 What are the technical functions of an engineer that require involvement in ethical decisions41 Differentiate between Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in engineering

42 Explain briefly how moral issues are related to1048766 Organization1048766 Environment1048766 Society43 Explain how an engineerrsquos morality is related to(i) Finance(ii) Competitor(iii) Government44 What are the three types of inquiries in engineering ethics45 What is normative inquiry Give an example46 What are conceptual inquiries47 Define factual inquiries48 Under what situation moral dilemma occurs49 What are moral dilemmas50 What are the types of moral dilemmas51 What is conflicting reasons or role conflict

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate 8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

31 The right to freedom of physical movement32 The right to ownership of property33 The right to freedom from torture

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

34 The right to a fair trial35 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment36 The right to physical security37 The right to freedom of speech and association38 The right to minimal education39 The right to political participation40 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

71 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices72 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

73 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

74 Define Ethics

75 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

76 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

77 Define Confidentiality

78 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

79 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

80 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

81 Define Self Confidence

82 List the types of Human Values

83 What are the professional responsibilities

84 What is meant by moral autonomy

85 What are the functions of code of Ethics

86 What do you understand by the term authenticity

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

87 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

88 What is meant by voluntary risk

89 Define conflict resolution

90 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing is inappropriate

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

41 The right to freedom of physical movement42 The right to ownership of property43 The right to freedom from torture44 The right to a fair trial45 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment46 The right to physical security47 The right to freedom of speech and association48 The right to minimal education49 The right to political participation50 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

91 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices92 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo

93 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

94 Define Ethics

95 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo

96 Define lsquoRiskrsquo

97 Define Confidentiality

98 What do you mean by external whistle blowing

99 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations

100 Define Computer Ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

101 Define Self Confidence

102 List the types of Human Values

103 What are the professional responsibilities

104 What is meant by moral autonomy

105 What are the functions of code of Ethics

106 What do you understand by the term authenticity

107 What are the faulty assumptions about safety

108 What is meant by voluntary risk

109 Define conflict resolution

110 What is contextualism

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

GE-1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUESQUESTION PAPERS

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

1 What are the three different levels of moral development suggested by Kholberg The three different levels of moral development as suggested by Kholberg are i) Pre-conventional ii) Conventional and iii) Post-conventional

2 List the different models of professional roles i) Engineers as saviours Ii) Engineer as guardiansrsquo iii) Engineer as bureaucratic servants iv) Engineer as social servants v) Engineer as social eanablers and catalysts and vi) Engineer as game player

3 Mention the five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories The five widely used tests for evaluating ethical theories are i) The theory must be clear and logical The concept of the theory should be formulated to enhance applicability ii) The theory should be consistent with its principles The principles of the same theory should not contradict each other iii) The theory and its defense should rely only upon facts truths and correct information iv) The theory should be adequately complete so that to provide guidance for our required specific situations v) The theory should be well-matched with moral convictions such as judgments and intutions about concrete situations

4 Give the limitation of the code i)Codes are restricted to general and vague wording Hence it is impossible to apply for all situations ii) The codes are different and conflicting and thereby create the moral dilemma which one to apply for a particular situation iii) The codes cannot serve as a final moral authority for professional conduct iv) The limitation of codes are due to their proliferation

5 What reasons lead to many repetitions of past mistakes Lack of established channels of communication misplaced pride in not asking for information embarrassment at failure or fear of litigation and plain neglect often impede the flow of such information lead to many repetitions of past mistakes

6 Give Lowrancersquos definition for safety and acceptability of mistakes William Lowrance defined safety as lsquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablersquo That means a thing is safe for a person if the perceived risk is less Similarly a thing is unsafe if the perceived risk is high

7 List the methods that can be applied when testing inappropriate

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

The methods for testing inappropriate are 1 Scenario analysis 2 Failure modes and effects analysis 3 Fault-tree analysis and 4Even-tree analysis

8 Define whistle-blowing and when it occurs Whistle-blowing is the act by and employee informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behaviour by an employer or superviosor It occurs to discourage the organization to continue the unethical activity When repeated information was ignored and no steps were taken to prevent the activity by the management or superiors

9 List any four international rights listed by Donaldson Thomas Donaldson in his book lsquoThe ethics of International Businessrsquo has listed the following as the International rights

51 The right to freedom of physical movement52 The right to ownership of property53 The right to freedom from torture54 The right to a fair trial55 The right to nondiscriminatory treatment56 The right to physical security57 The right to freedom of speech and association58 The right to minimal education59 The right to political participation60 The right to subsistence

10 What you mean by appropriate technology Appropriate technology refers to the identification transfer and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

111 Define moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the ability to think critically and independently about moral Issues and apply the same to the situations that arise during the professional engineering practices

112 What you mean by lsquoProfessionrsquo Profession means ldquoThe occupation which one professes to be skilled and follow a vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others or in the practice of an art based upon itrdquo In general it is synonym for job or occupation

113 What is lsquoSafe Existsrsquo When a product fails it will fail safely the product can be abandoned safely or the

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

user escapes safely from the adversity of the product All the three conditions are referred as lsquoSafe Existsrsquo

114 Define Ethics The term ethics is derived from the Greek word lsquoEthosrsquo which means customs Ethics are the study of the characteristics of morals It concerned with what is wrong and what is right

115 What is the meaning of lsquoSafetyrsquo Safety means being in the safe state ie Protected from harm and danger It is defined by William W Lowrence as ldquoA thing is safe if its risks are judged to be acceptablerdquo

116 Define lsquoRiskrsquo Risk can be defined as a potential that is something unwanted and harmful may occur It is the possibility of suffering harm or loss

117 Define Confidentiality Confidentiality is the obligation of keeping certain information of employerclient secret or confidential It is one of the external responsibilities of Engineer

118 What do you mean by external whistle blowing It is the whistle blowing where in the information is passed outside the organization

119 List out four examples of Multinational Corporations Large corporations having investment and business in number of countries are known as Multinational or Transnational corporation Some of them are Hindustan Lever Ford Toyota Sony LG Smith Kline Beecham ITC Ponds etc

120 Define Computer Ethics The study of ethical issues that are associated with computer its peripheral and accessesseries and the computing profession is called as computer ethics

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashA (2MARKS)

121 Define Self Confidence Having confidence in oneself is called Self Confidence

122 List the types of Human Values 123 What are the professional responsibilities The professional responsibility is an umbrella virtue that can be grouped into four categories They are 1 Self-direction virtues that are fundamental in exercising moral autonomy and responsibility 2 Public-spirited virtues are those focused on the good of clients and the public 3 Team-work virtues those are essential in enabling the professionals to work successfully with other people an 4 Proficiency virtue is the competence

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

124 What is meant by moral autonomy Moral autonomy is the skill and habit of thinking rationally on ethical issues based on moral concern125 What are the functions of code of Ethics The various functions of code of Ethics are

1 Inspiration2 Guidance3 support for responsible conduct4 Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct5 Education and promotion of mutual understanding6 Contributing to positive public image of the profession7 Protecting the status quo and suppressing dissent within the profession

and 8 Promoting business interests through restraint of trade

126 What do you understand by the term authenticity People are morally autonomous hen their moral conduct and principles of action are their own That is moral belief and attitude must be held on the basis of crtitical reflection rather than merely on the conviction and convention of the society church or authority This is called as authenticity in onersquos commitment to moral values

127 What are the faulty assumptions about safety The faulty assumptions about safety are 1 The cause of accident is due to the operator error and negligence 2 Producing safe product always increases the cost 3 We learn about the safety after a product has been completed and tested 4 Warning about harms are sufficient Insurance cover is cheaper than planning for safety

128 What is meant by voluntary risk The risk taken by a person knowingly it is unsafe is called as voluntary risk

129 Define conflict resolution Conflict resolution is the result based on some objective standard and corporate usually uses general standards for evaluating the results

130 What is contextualism In accordance to Gilligan women try hard to preserve personal relationship will all people This context-oriented emphasis on maintaining personal relationship is called as ethics of care in contrast with ethics of rules and rights

MAY JUNE 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

1 Explain the skills needed to handle problems about moral issues in engineering ethics (8)

2 Discuss the different models of professional roles (8)

3 State the similarities to view engineering projects as experiments (8)

4 How engineering projects differs from standard experimentation (8)

5 Discuss on the roles played by the codes of ethics set by professional societies

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

6 Explain in detail the effects of information on risk assessment with an example (8)

7 Write notes on Personal risk Public risk (8)

8 Describe the concept of risk ndashbenefit analysis (8)

9 Give any four examples of improved safety and explain (8)

10 Explain the concept of collegiality and loyalty

11 Write short notes on Professional rights (8)

12 Write short notes on employee rights to privacy and choice of outside activities (8)

13 Describe the moral threats posed by the revolutionized communication using computers to the right to privacy (8)

14 Describe the concept of environmental ethics with a case study (8)

15 Discuss the three senses of lsquoRelativersquo values (8)

16 Give the philosophical views of nature and discuss them (8)

NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2006 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

17 Explain the scope of Engineering Ethics

18 Discuss the importance of Duty ethics and Virtues in engineering profession

19 How do you call an Engineer as a responsible Experimenter

20 Write short notes on Ethical Relativism (8)

21 Write short notes on abuses on the codes of ethics (8)

22 Explain the various measures for assessing and reducing Risk

23 Discuss the concept of safety exists in the Chernobyl Case Studies

24 Define the Collective Bargaining Explain the role of collective bargaining in workplace rights and responsibilities

25 How will you apply confidentiality for avoiding harmful conflicts of interest in workplace

26 Is there any relationship among Engineering Ecology and Economics Discuss

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

27 Explain the issues related to computer ethics and internet with personal experience

MAY JUNE 2007 PART ndashB (4-16 MARKS)

28 What is spirituality How spirituality is promoted in work place What are spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities

29 Define virtues List the types of virtues with suitable example for each (10)

30 Discuss the term respect for others (6)

31 Discuss Kohlbergrsquos model of moral development and Glligan theory of moral development

32 Define Self Respect (4)

33 List the steps in confronting moral dilemma (12)

34 In the Challenger Disaster examine if and how the principal actors behaved as responsible experimenters

35 Compare and contrast engineering experiments with standard experiments (10)

36 What is the proper role law in Engineering (6)

37 Discuss the notion of safe exit using evacuation plans for communities near nuclear power plants or chemical processing plants

38 Discuss on the ways and means of reducing occupational crimes in industries (8)

39 Discuss the intellectual property plants (8)

40 Write a brief account on Consulting Engineering (8)

41 Explain Engineers as expert witness and advisors (8)

42 Discuss an Engineers involvement in weapons work (8)

43 Discuss on the Professional Societies (8)

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

UNIT-II ndash ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as experimentation

1 Why does engineering have to be viewed as an experimental process2 ldquoEngineers should have Imaginative Foresight and thought for the Futurerdquo ndash Discuss3 ldquoThe role of engineering as an experimentation in the process of designing a productrdquo ndash Justify4 What are the main aspects that are virtual for combining engineering works to make it suitable

as experiments5 What are the constraints which occur in the model design which control engineering as

experimentation6 ldquoJust like the results of the experiments the final outcome of engineering projects too are

generally uncertainrdquo ndash Discuss7 What are the factors which may impede the flow of information for repeated mistakes in

design-Explain with case studies8 What are the aspects in which engineering differs from standard experiments9 Why isnrsquot engineering possible to follow a random selection in product design10 What is meant by ldquoInformed consentrdquo when bringing an engineering product to market11 What is engineering experimentation12 Compare medicine and engineering with respect to experimenterrsquos knowledge and experimenter13 What are the conditions that are essential for a valid Informed Consent

Engineers as responsible experiments

14 What are the responsibilities of engineers for serving the society as a responsible experimenter15 What is meant by conscientiousness of an engineer with respect to moral obligation16 Discuss the conscientious commitment of an engineer to live by moral values17 The engineers have the vision as guardians of the public interest-Explain18 Explain the importance of relevant factual information to the fulfilment of engineers moral

obligations19 What is meant by ldquoMoral Autonomyrdquo20 How does the consideration of engineering as a social experimentation help to keep a sense of

autonomous participation is a personrsquos work21 What are the salient features that differentiate Casual Influence from Moral Accountably in

engineering

Codes of ethics

22 What do the ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo exhibit23 What are the salient features of implementing the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo (or) stressing towards the

responsibility of engineers24 What are the different roles and functions of ldquoCODESrdquo25 What are the inspirations and guidance provided by the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo for achieving the

obligations by engineers26 Name some of the engineering societies which published ldquocodes of ethicsrdquo27 How do the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo provide discipline among the engineers28 What are the different ways and means of the ldquocode of ethicsrdquo help the engineers29 What are the Limitations of ldquocode of ethicsrdquo

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

Balanced outlook on Law

30 What does the Balanced Outlook on Law stress in directing engineering practice31 What is the importance of Industrial Standards32 Explain with simple example the purpose of Industrial Standards33 Discuss the various problems being faced by the engineering and general public by Law in

Engineering34 Explain in detail the powerful support and proper role of law in engineering35 How are the rules and regulations to be constructed for responsible experimentation or safe

execution by engineers

The Challengers case study

36 Briefly discuss the space shuttle challenger accident What are the ethical problems involved in this

37 Account in detail the ldquoChallenger Disasterrdquo and examine how the main actors or engineers behaved as responsible experimenters within the frame work of the engineering-experimental model

38 The astronauts on the ldquoChallenger missionrdquo were aware of the dangerous nature of riding a complex machine such as the space shuttle so they can be thought of as having given informed consent to participating in a dangerous enterprise- What role did informed consent play in this case

39 Analyze the factual conceptual and moral issues in the space shuttle Challenger case40 How would you classify the space shuttle Challenger case accident Why

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety

Safety and risk

1 Are the engineers responsible to educate the public for safe operation of the equipment How2 What kind of responsibility should the engineer have to avoid mistakes that may lead to accident

due to the design of their product3 ldquoSafety should be an integral part of designrdquo-Discuss4 State the industrial definition on lsquoSafety5 What are the basic concepts of industrial safety with regard to the product and their usages6 What are the factors that influence the perception of risk ndash Explain in detail7 What is meant by lsquoRiskrsquo in industrial working situations ndash Explain in detail8 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to engineers

Assessment of safety and risk

9 What are the factors an engineer should know before accessing any product10 Compare safety and risks11 What is meant by a disaster12 What are the increased costs of products if design is un-safe13 How does the manufacturer understood the risk in a product help14 Mention any two ways to determinequantify the risk15 What are the positive uncertainties in determining risks 16 Explain clearly how stressing on high safety and low risks lead to higher primary costs17 How does the knowledge of uncertainties in design help the engineers to access the risk of a

product

Risk benefit analysis

18 a) What is the necessity for using risk benefit analysisb) What is meant by risk benefit analysis ndash Explainc) What are the informations that could be received from the Risk benefit analysis

19 Explain in detail about the criteria the engineer has to investigate in order to minimize the risk in any product

20 a) What are the difficulties faced is accessing personal risks What are the various conceptual difficulties exist in Risk benefit analysis of safetyb) What are the ethical implications of risk benefit analysis and how to weigh them

21 Give some example of improved safety in product manufacturing22 What are the factors affecting the risk acceptability23 What is the use of knowledge of risk acceptance to an engineer24 What is the knowledge required to access the risk25 lsquoThrough checking and testing of both the prototype and final product is essential to ensure

safetyrsquo ndash Discuss the responsibility of design engineer in this regard with suitable example26 What are the drawbacks in prototype testing and destructive testing for ensuring safety

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

27 Explain the analytical methods available in testing the safety of an engineering product28 Explain the method of ldquoFault Tree Analysisrdquo What are its advantages and limitations 29 Draw a Fault Tree Diagram for an accident which involves a person falls out of a bus during

accident30 How can the quantifiable losses in social welfare resulting from a fatality be estimated Give

some examples31 What are the problems which affect the public accountability for risk32 How the engineer does acts to safeguard the public from risk33 Account for some faulty assumptions about safety and state the related reality with respect to the

assumptions with suitable examples

Reducing risk

34 Give some examples of laws with respect to safety and liability in favour of the i) Buyer and ii) Producer 35 What is meant by lsquoStrict Liabilityrsquo

Safe exit

36 What is meant by ldquosafe exitrdquo in industries37 What are the issues arisen in creating a lsquosafe exitrsquo38 Give some examples of safe exit

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies

39 Compare the reasons for Nuclear Reactor accident occurred in Three Mile Island and Chernobyl40 What are the problems (or) difficulties that may arise in shifting the operators and sophisticated

equipments in the event of an accident41 Explain the responsibility of engineers in the design of the product (or) project in the design

stage itself before the event of an accident42 What is the other unexpected cost loss to be incurred in the major industrial accident apart from

the association of cost43 What are the safeties pre-cautions and measures to be taken in the plant design of Nuclear power

Industry on public interest

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

UNIT- IV Responsibilities and RightsShort Questions1 ldquoA person who is loyal has respect for authorityrdquo Discuss

2 ldquoProfessional rights can lead to conflicts of interestrdquo Explain

3 What is meant by ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

4 List any two limitations of ldquowhistle blowingrdquo

5 List the moral rights of a salaried engineer

6 What is meant by loyalty and collegiality

7 Define the word ldquoconfidentialityrdquo

8 Write short notes on occupational crime

9 Define Utilitarianism

10 Differentiate copyright and patent

11 What is meant by ldquodiscriminationrdquo

12 State the benefits of collective bargaining

13 Discuss the relationship between professional responsibility and loyalty to company

14 Define ldquoprivileged informationrdquo and ldquoproprietary informationrdquo

15 What is the right of professional conscience

16 What is ldquoreverse discriminationrdquo

Long Questions

1 How are ldquoconflicts of interestrdquo solved

2 Discuss in detail about the ldquoemployee rightsrdquo

3 What is the importance of loyalty and collegiality in team work

4 What are the procedure to be followed for ldquowhistle blowingrdquo How can this be avoided

5 Discuss the ways and means of reducing occupational crime in industries

6 What is institutional authority How do you correlate institutional authority expert authority and power

7 Explain the meaning of faithful agent in relation to public service

8 Discuss the right of conscientious refusal

9 Explain what is needed by the right to recognition

10 Define and elucidate on Intellectual Property Rights

11 What is respect for authority How far should it be recognized by salaried professionals as morally justified

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations

1 What meant by the Global Issues2 Define lsquoMultinational Corporationrsquo with examples3 Mention some Multinational Companies and their establishment of business4 In Multinational Corporations what are the benefits enjoyed by the Host Company5 What are the normal problems or issues that may arise in Multinational Corporation6 What is meant by ldquoRelative Valuesrdquo in Multinational Corporation issues7 What are the different forms of relativism in existence of the formation of a Multinational

Corporation8 What is known as Ethics Relativism with respect to Multinational Corporation9 What does the Descriptive Relativism state Give your answer in context with Multinational

Corporation10 How does any Multinational Corporation function with respect to the International Human

Rights11 What are the important International Human Rights to be respected by any Multinational

Corporation12 What are the different ways available for any Multinational Corporation to promote morally

justifiable measures13 What is known as technology transfer14 What are the organizations that can take the responsibility for technology transfer15 What is meant by ldquoappropriate technologyrdquo16 How can the appropriateness be examined in the transfer of appropriate technology with respect

to Multinational Corporation17 What are the cautions to be observed by a Multinational Corporation in the transfer of

appropriate technology18 Give an account of lsquoBhopal disasterrsquo19 What are the reasons for the disaster occurred in Bhopal Discuss Environmental Ethics

Environmental Ethics

20 Why is Environmental Ethics so important to create environmental awareness to the general public

21 What does an environmental ethic educate22 Discuss the effects of damage to the entire system of the society due to Environmental pollution23 Give an account of anti-ecological attitudes of public in environmental activities24 What are the duties of an engineer in his role as experience What sort of queries he should

respond25 What are the serious environmental issues concerned to the engineers

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

26 Quote some examples of disaster through which environment has been spoiled totally27 What is meant by Acid rain How they are deposited on ground28 What are the ill effects of Acid Rain29 What are the general effects of Acid Rain30 Quote some examples of pollution that spoils the environment31 What are the ethical and democrative controls to be taken for better and clean environment32 What are the ethical issues or questions that arise in environmental protection33 What are the responsibilities of an engineer in planning his respective project as an engineering

or social experimentation34 What does the ldquoRight Ethicsrdquo stress for a livable environment

Computer ethics

35 What is meant by computer Ethics36 Discuss the attempt made by Emment Ethics in defining computer ethics37 What is the need to have computer ethics as a branch in engineering ethics38 What is meant by policy vacuum in computer ethics39 What are the different categories of problems exist in computer ethics40 What is the difficulty in applying an ethical theory to generate appropriate policy in computer

ethics41 What is meant by conceptual work in computer ethics42 What are the quires that may arise while formulating a policy for protecting computer programs43 How are the computer ethics problems classified Explain44 How are computers used as the Instrument of unethical behaviour45 How do the autonomous functions of computer create negative implications46 What are the problems computer in workplace may create47 What are the aspects of logical security of the hardware in computer48 Computer ethics involves privacy ndash Discuss49 What are the problems arise in case of protecting privacy in computers50 Discuss the functioning of anonymity and privacy as (a) helpful and (b) undesirable of computer

aided activities with suitable examples51 Discuss the controversial areas of computer ethics concerned with intellectual property rights52 How does the professional organization can help in ethical responsibilities53 Give an account on lsquoGlobal information ethicsrsquo are lsquoGlobal lawsrsquo with reference to ethical issues

on computer54 How does the lsquoGlobal informationrsquo provide global education

Weapon Development

55 How do the engineers involve development of military weapons56 Why do the engineers refuse to do war works sometimes Explain with relative arguments57 Why do engineers try to avoid weapon work58 What are the problems faced by the defence industry in the development of weapons59 How do you say ldquoweapons work is expensiverdquo to the nation60 Discuss in short the interlink between lsquoTechnology and Warrsquo

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

Engineers as Managers

61 Engineers shine better as manager-Discuss62 What are the implication arising in manager acting as professionals63 What are the responsibilities laid over manager related to the other employees64 How do ethicists argue for the social responsibilities of a manager-engineer65 What is basic ethical and moral responsibility of a manager-engineer66 How can the engineer-manager help to promote ethical climate67 What are the different ways to create an ethical climate68 How can engineers be used effectively for managing conflicts in technological companies69 What are the important forms of conflict that may arise for an engineering project manager70 Given an account of the ldquoPrinciple for Conflict Resolutionrdquo71 ldquoIn conflict focus must be only on interest and not on positionrdquo ndash Discuss

Consulting engineers

72 Who are referred as consulting engineer73 How do the consulting engineers involve in companyrsquos advertising74 Enumerate the ways and means how deceptive advertisements are being made Give some

examples75 What are the rules framed by NSPE in case of professional advertisements76 What is meant by competitive biddings in an engineering profession77 What is the effect in competitive bidding by allowing an engineer in getting involved78 What is meant by contingency fee with respect to engineer What are the ethical issues related to

contingency fee79 What is the major responsibility for consulting civil engineers for designing a project related to

safety and client needs80 How do engineers resolve disputes or disadvantages in a long term engineering project What is

the role of consulting engineers in this aspect

Engineers as expert witness and advisors

81 How do the engineers act as expert witness82 What is meant by forensic engineering83 How does the witness of the engineers considered for judgement84 Explain the functioning of the engineer when hired by lawyers85 What is the role of an engineer as expert witness86 Differentiate lsquoeyewitnessrsquo and lsquoexpert witnessrsquo in the legal system87 Why do lawyers mainly depend on engineers in Specific cases88 Who is referred to as lsquohired gunrsquo Explain with a suitable example89 What is referred as abuse kind of qualification of the engineer as expert witness90 What is meant by contingency fee arrangement on hiring an engineer as witness Explain the

consequences91 Write short notes on (a) Ego bias (b) Sympathy bias92 Briefly explain the role of engineer as expert advisers in policy making93 What are the factors involved in objective study while forming strategies in policy making94 How does technical complicity lead to moral complicity in the function of engineers as expert

advisers95 Mention some of the normative models of engineering advisers What is necessity to use these

models

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

96 What are the characteristics the engineers should have to act as expert advisers

Moral leadership

97 What is meant by moral leadership98 Who are referred to as moral leaders99 Why engineers and technologists are considered as best moral leaders100 How do professional societies help in conflicts involving engineers in moral issues101 Mention some professional societies which get involved in resolving ethical problems in engineering How do these societies function is such moral issues102 Explain the function of engineers in providing moral leadership in communities and communal problems103 Briefly explain the importance of the role of engineers as moral leaders in communities104 Are engineers permitted to do voluntary technical service What does the code of ethics state in this regard

Sample code of conduct

105 What does the code of ethics express106 Give an account on code of ethics at ethical choices and behaviour107 How does the code of ethics achieve its goals108 Explain the origin and development of the codes of the Engineering Societies109 Mention some of the organizations or professional societies who framed their codes of ethics 110 How do the professional societies protect the employee through their codes111 What are the lsquorules of practicersquo framed in the code of ethics for engineers to perform their professional duties more satisfactory112 What expectations from the engineers are raised to serve for the highest standards of professional obligations

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

Ethical theories and Moral DilemmaI Resolving

Identifies the moral aspects and reasons in dilemma Conceptual understanding resolving the moral dilemma Provides guidance in prioritizing and solving the moral problems Finds alternative course of action and evolves a systematic framework for comparisons with

others Evolves framework for moral reasoning discussion and arguments It helps in balancing and controlling of mind to enable us to act better in all aspects of life

II Justifying The general obligations of professional towards the technological development

III Interconnections with Morality It helps in justifying and expressing the professional obligation with morality Enables to understand and differentiate the morality with that of professional moralityFor Example Safety

1 Obligation of safety concern through the codes and laws2 Obligation through the codes of ethics of Professional bodies3 Obligation towards the contractual agreements4 Assurance towards the public safety at the time of their enterance to the profession

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

VALUES Vs PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

1 Self respect and Ethical Egoism Self respect ndash personal good It is balanced and restrained by moral responsibilities

Ethical Egoism (Thomas Hobbes and Ayn Ran)- Maximize onersquos own good- It satisfies his own interest even at the cost of others - It is supported by Adam Smith and Milton ndash Society benefits when individual pursues

their private good - It contradicts Moral ndash One should respects otherrsquos rights and care for others

2 Customs and Ethical Relativism Decides the onersquos moral values Ethical Pluralism ndash alternative to moral perspectives ndash reasonable may not be

accepted by all the persons Ethical relativism ndash actions are morally right when approved by the customs or laws Merits

1 Customs and Laws are clear unambiguous2 It sets moral standards3 Is subjective at the cultural levels4 It is descriptive relativism5 is a moral relativism6 it is not possible to measure the moral values7 it cannot be compared especially with legal standards

3 Religion and Divine Command ethics

Moral values are influenced by religious beliefs CJDucasse ndash Main social character of religion

- to motivate to right actions- to sustain convictions- to promote tolerance- to respect moral concern of others- to be humane

Religions sets higher standards than the moral standards - Christianity ndash Love your neighbours as you love yourself ndash Jainism ndash Love animals as you love yourself

Some of the guidelines and practices of religion are in line with the Law like woman rights

Emphasizes virtues ndash Christianity hope faith love Islam excellence Hinduism conscience righteousness

Conflicts between Morality and Religion

Religion Divine is supreme and he commands Right acts are commanded and wrong doings are forbiddenIf no God exists then there will be no morality

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

The unanswered questions are How to know the God exist or not What are the Godrsquos commands Why only certain command not all

In spite of conflicts the religious beliefs provide reasonable guidelines and leads to good reasoning in case of moral dilemma and conflicts

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct

III Unit Engineers as Social Experimenters

Engineering as Social Experimentation ndash Experimentation for social benefits and its ethical implications and the risk factor is the highest and it is long term planning

Experimentation How it influences or affects the societyWhat is the impact on Individual Society Nation Global and Cultural systems Reasons why it is called as social experimentation

• UNIT I Human Values
• UNIT II Engineering Ethics
• • UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
  • UNIT IV SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS
  • UNIT V Global Issues
  • • TEXT BOOKS
    • • REFERENCES
      • • UNIT I Engineering Ethics Introduction
        • • Short Questions
          • • Long Questions
            • Problems
            • • UNIT I Human Values
              • Unit-II ndash Engineering as Social Experimentation
              • • Engineering as experimentation
                • • Engineers as responsible experiments
                  • Codes of ethics
                  • Balanced outlook on Law
                  • The Challengers case study
                  • • Unit ndash III - Engineerrsquos Responsibility for Safety
                    • Safety and risk
                    • Assessment of safety and risk
                    • Risk benefit analysis
                    • Reducing risk
                    • Safe exit
                    • The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl case studies
                    • UNIT- IV Responsibilities and Rights
                    • • Long Questions
                      • • Unit-Vndash GLOBAL ISSUES
                        • Multinational Corporations
                        • • Environmental Ethics
                          • Computer ethics
                          • Weapon Development
                          • Engineers as Managers
                          • Consulting engineers
                          • Engineers as expert witness and advisors
                          • Moral leadership
                          • Sample code of conduct