GDPE1053MAR-Power Transmission and Distribution Sample 1-9 ... · 3.1 Key Opportunities in the Power Sector of BRIICS.....15 3.1.1 Private Sector Participation.....15 3.1.2 Long Distance

Power Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Scenario in Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa (BRIICS) Infrastructure, Investment and Regulations Analysis to 2020

GDPE1053MAR / Published January 2013

GDPE1053MAR / Published JAN 2013 Page 2 Power Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Scenario in Brazil, Russia,

India, Indonesia, China and South Africa (BRIICS) - Infrastructure, Investment and Regulations Analysis to 2020 © GlobalData. This report is a licensed product and is not to be copied, reproduced,

shared or resold in any form.

Transmission and Distribution Infrastructure Investments to Support Economic Growth

Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa (BRIICS) have substantial investment planned for Transmission and Distribution (T&D) in order to meet their rising power demand and support their burgeoning economies. The factors of population growth, increasing electrification rates and the rapid progress of industrialization are expected to increase the demand for power in these countries over the forecast period from 2012 to 2020. In order to support the growth of power demand, around XX TW of additional capacity is expected to have been installed in these countries by 2020. This will drive investment in the transmission and distribution sectors, either through upgrades or new build. For example, China plans to invest around $XX trillion in grid construction between 2011 and 2015, while India plans to invest around $XX billion between 2012 and 2022 in power transmission infrastructure.

BRIICS, Annual Planned Investments ($bn) in Transmission till 2015

Brazil Russia India Indonesia China South Africa

Ann

ual P

lann

ed In

vest

men

ts ($

bn)

Source: GlobalData

Incorporation of Renewable Energy into the Grid and Aging Infrastructure to Drive Transmission and Distribution Market

As demand for electricity continues to increase, power producers are seeking to diversify the sources from which electricity is generated. Countries are increasingly investing in alternative fuels such as wind, solar, hydro, biomass and nuclear power in order to meet demand. Among BRIIICS, China and India have the most extensive plans regarding the expansion of the renewable installed capacity base for power generation. By 2020, China and India are expected to have respective wind capacities of around XX Gigawatts (GW) and XX GW. The incorporation of renewable energy into the grid will drive investment in terms of the expansion and modernization of the T&D sector. Investment in the T&D sector will also be driven by the need to upgrade the aging power T&D infrastructure in countries such as Russia, which plan to spend around $XX billion on power transmission upgrades between 2013 and 2017. South Africa plans to spend around $XX billion on the refurbishment of the network.

Smart Grid Deployment to Promote Efficient Power Consumption

The BRIICS power market is characterized by inefficient power distribution, which leads to substantial power losses. Countries such as Brazil and India record sizable unaccountable power losses related to theft. In order to address this issue, some countries among BRIICS have initiated smart grid deployment, which contributes to efficient power distribution and monitoring of power consumption. China is the leading country in BRIICS in terms of smart grid development. The State Grid Corporation of China plans to invest $XX billion in various smart grid projects between 2011 and 2020. In Russia, smart grid pilot projects are being undertaken in northwest Russia (in the region surrounding St. Petersburg) and eastern regions (around Vladivostok and Khabarovsk). In Brazil, a detailed regulatory framework relating to smart grid development is expected to be introduced by 2013. Other countries, such as India, Indonesia and South Africa, are yet to take major initiatives relating to smart grid development.




1 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3

1.1 List of Tables............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 List of Figures............................................................................................................................ 7

2 Transmission and Distribution Market, Overview............................................................................... 9 2.1 GlobalData Report Guidance ................................................................................................... 11

3 Transmission and Distribution Market, BRIICS................................................................................ 12 3.1 Key Opportunities in the Power Sector of BRIICS..................................................................... 15

3.1.1 Private Sector Participation ............................................................................................. 15 3.1.2 Long Distance Power Transmission................................................................................. 15 3.1.3 Integration of Renewable Energy..................................................................................... 15

3.2 Major Challenges in Power Sector of Emerging Markets ........................................................... 16 3.2.1 Poor Transmission and Distribution Infrastructure Leading to High Losses........................ 16 3.2.2 Lack of Competition ........................................................................................................ 16 3.2.3 Grid Connectivity ............................................................................................................ 16

4 Transmission and Distribution Market, Key Markets ........................................................................ 17 4.1 Brazil, Transmission and Distribution Market ............................................................................ 17

4.1.1 Brazil, Country Overview................................................................................................. 17 4.1.2 Brazil, Power Supply Structure........................................................................................ 18 4.1.3 Brazil, Transmission Infrastructure .................................................................................. 19 4.1.4 Brazil, Distribution Infrastructure...................................................................................... 29 4.1.5 Brazil, Smart Grid ........................................................................................................... 32 4.1.6 Brazil, Transmission and Distribution Market, Imports and Exports ................................... 33 4.1.7 Brazil, Transmission and Distribution Market, Investments ............................................... 34 4.1.8 Brazil, Transmission and Distribution Market, Drivers....................................................... 36 4.1.9 Brazil, Transmission and Distribution Market, Restraints .................................................. 38 4.1.10 Brazil, Transmission and Distribution Market, Regulations and Initiatives.......................... 39

4.2 Russia, Transmission and Distribution Market .......................................................................... 43 4.2.1 Russia, Country Overview............................................................................................... 43 4.2.2 Russia, Power Supply Structure ...................................................................................... 43 4.2.3 Russia, Transmission Infrastructure................................................................................. 44 4.2.4 Russia, Distribution Infrastructure.................................................................................... 55 4.2.5 Russia, Smart Grid ......................................................................................................... 64 4.2.6 Russia, Transmission and Distribution Market, Imports and Exports ................................. 65 4.2.7 Russia, Transmission and Distribution Market, Investments ............................................. 66 4.2.8 Russia, Transmission and Distribution Market, Drivers..................................................... 68 4.2.9 Russia, Transmission and Distribution Market, Restraints ................................................ 69 4.2.10 Russia, Transmission and Distribution Market, Regulations and Initiatives........................ 70

4.3 India, Transmission and Distribution Market ............................................................................. 73 4.3.1 India, Country Overview.................................................................................................. 73 4.3.2 India, Power Supply Structure ......................................................................................... 74 4.3.3 India, Transmission Infrastructure.................................................................................... 75 4.3.4 India, Distribution Infrastructure....................................................................................... 84 4.3.5 India, Smart Grid ............................................................................................................ 91 4.3.6 India, Transmission and Distribution Market, Imports and Exports .................................... 91 4.3.7 India, Transmission and Distribution Market, Investments ................................................ 92 4.3.8 India, Transmission and Distribution Market, Drivers ........................................................ 94 4.3.9 India, Transmission and Distribution Market, Restraints ................................................... 98 4.3.10 India, T&D Market, Regulations and Initiatives ................................................................. 99

4.4 Indonesia, T&D Market .......................................................................................................... 107 4.4.1 Indonesia, Country Overview ........................................................................................ 107 4.4.2 Indonesia, Power Supply Structure................................................................................ 107 4.4.3 Indonesia, Transmission Infrastructure .......................................................................... 108 4.4.4 Indonesia, Distribution Infrastructure ............................................................................. 116 4.4.5 Indonesia, Smart Grid................................................................................................... 120 4.4.6 Indonesia, T&D Market, Imports and Exports................................................................. 120 4.4.7 Indonesia, T&D Market, Investments ............................................................................. 121 4.4.8 Indonesia, T&D Market, Drivers..................................................................................... 125 4.4.9 Indonesia, T&D Market, Restraints ................................................................................ 126 4.4.10 Indonesia, T&D Market, Regulations and Initiatives........................................................ 127




4.5 China, T&D Market................................................................................................................ 129 4.5.1 China, Country Overview .............................................................................................. 129 4.5.2 China, Power Supply Structure...................................................................................... 129 4.5.3 China, Transmission Infrastructure ................................................................................ 130 4.5.4 China, Distribution Infrastructure ................................................................................... 137 4.5.5 China, Smart Grid......................................................................................................... 144 4.5.6 China, T&D Market, Imports and Exports....................................................................... 145 4.5.7 China, T&D Market, Investments................................................................................... 146 4.5.8 China, T&D Market, Drivers........................................................................................... 149 4.5.9 China, T&D Market, Restraints ...................................................................................... 151 4.5.10 China, T&D Market, Regulations and Initiatives.............................................................. 152

4.6 South Africa, T&D Market ...................................................................................................... 156 4.6.1 South Africa, Country Overview..................................................................................... 156 4.6.2 South Africa, Power Supply Structure............................................................................ 156 4.6.3 South Africa, Transmission Infrastructure ...................................................................... 157 4.6.4 South Africa, Distribution Infrastructure.......................................................................... 168 4.6.5 South Africa, Smart Grid ............................................................................................... 172 4.6.6 South Africa, T&D Market, Imports and Exports ............................................................. 172 4.6.7 South Africa, T&D Market, Investments ......................................................................... 173 4.6.8 South Africa, T&D Market, Drivers................................................................................. 182 4.6.9 South Africa, T&D Market, Restraints ............................................................................ 184 4.6.10 South Africa, T&D Market, Regulations and Initiatives.................................................... 185

5 BRIICS, Snapshot of Present Status of T&D................................................................................. 189 6 Appendix..................................................................................................................................... 192

6.1 Market Definitions.................................................................................................................. 192 6.1.1 Power........................................................................................................................... 192 6.1.2 Installed Capacity ......................................................................................................... 192 6.1.3 Electricity Generation.................................................................................................... 192 6.1.4 Electricity Consumption................................................................................................. 192 6.1.5 Renewable Energy Resources ...................................................................................... 192 6.1.6 Power Transmission and Distribution............................................................................. 192 6.1.7 Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System ......................................................... 192 6.1.8 High Voltage Direct Current Cables............................................................................... 192 6.1.9 Smart Meters................................................................................................................ 192 6.1.10 Demand Response....................................................................................................... 192 6.1.11 Distributed Energy Generation Systems ........................................................................ 192

6.2 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 193 6.3 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 196 6.4 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 199

6.4.1 Coverage ..................................................................................................................... 199 6.4.2 Secondary Research .................................................................................................... 199 6.4.3 Primary Research......................................................................................................... 200

6.5 Contact Us ............................................................................................................................ 200 6.6 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................. 200




1.1 List of Tables Table 1: Global, Transmission and Distribution Losses (% of Output), 2010 ....................................... 10 Table 2: Brazil, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 ............................................................ 21 Table 3: Brazil, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020................................................................. 24 Table 4: Brazil, Transmission Substations (Units), 2000-2020............................................................ 26 Table 5: Brazil, Planned Transmission Line Length by Voltage Type (Ckm), 2012-2021 ..................... 26 Table 6: Brazil, Planned Transmission Capacity by Voltage Type (MVA), 2012-2021.......................... 27 Table 7: Brazil, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020................................................................ 31 Table 8: Brazil, Transmission Line Investments ($bn), 2011-2020...................................................... 34 Table 9: Brazil, Transmission Line Investments by Voltage Type (%), 2011-2020............................... 35 Table 10: Brazil, Transmission Substations Investments by Voltage Type, 2011-2020.......................... 35 Table 11: Brazil, Transmission Line Investment, 2012-2021 ................................................................ 36 Table 12: Brazil, Transmission Line Investments by Voltage Type, 2012-2021 ..................................... 36 Table 13: Brazil, Transmission Substation Investment by Voltage Type (%), 2012-2021....................... 36 Table 14: Transmission and Distribution Market, Brazil, Drivers and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020 ......... 37 Table 15: Transmission and Distribution Market, Brazil, Restraints and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020..... 38 Table 16: Russia, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020........................................................... 46 Table 17: Russia, Planned Transmission Lines and Capacity Additions, 2013-2017 ............................. 47 Table 18: Russia, Key Transmission Investment Projects, 2013-2017.................................................. 48 Table 19: Russia, Power Pricing Zones Breakup................................................................................. 49 Table 20: Russia, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020............................................................... 51 Table 21: Russia, Transmission Substations (Units), 2000-2020.......................................................... 54 Table 22: Russia, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020.............................................................. 57 Table 23: Russia, Distribution Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020.................................................................. 61 Table 24: Russia, Distribution Substation (Units), 2000-2020............................................................... 64 Table 25: Russia, Power Exports by Country (GWh), 2010-2011 ......................................................... 65 Table 26: Russia, Power Imports by Country (GWh), 2010-2011 ......................................................... 65 Table 27: Russia, Planned Investment in Transmission, 2013-2017..................................................... 66 Table 28: Russia, Planned Investment in Distribution, 2012-2017........................................................ 67 Table 29: Transmission and Distribution Market, Russia, Drivers and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020 ....... 68 Table 30: Transmission and Distribution Market, Russia, Restraints and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020... 70 Table 31: India, Capacity and Power Line Growth, 1950-2011............................................................. 77 Table 32: India, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020.............................................................. 79 Table 33: India, Operational and Planned HVDC Lines, 2012 .............................................................. 80 Table 34: India, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020.................................................................. 82 Table 35: India, Transmission Substations (Units), 2000-2020............................................................. 84 Table 36: India, Number of Villages Electrified, 1950-2012 .................................................................. 86 Table 37: India, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020................................................................. 88 Table 38: India, Distribution Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020..................................................................... 90 Table 39: India, Gap Between ACS and ARR by Region ..................................................................... 90 Table 40: India, Inter-Regional Transmission Capacity by the End of 12th FYP..................................... 92 Table 41: India, Power Distribution Investments Under 12th FYP ( INR Crores) .................................... 93 Table 42: India, Transmission and Distribution Losses (%), 1947-2010................................................ 96 Table 43: Transmission and Distribution Market, India, Drivers and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020 .......... 97 Table 44: T&D Market, India, Restraints and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020............................................ 98 Table 45: India, Mandated Monthly Availability of Transmission Elements............................................ 99 Table 46: India, Restoration Time of Transmission Elements, 2012 ................................................... 100 Table 47: India, Payment of Fees, 2012............................................................................................ 101 Table 48: India, Grid Voltage, Operating Range ................................................................................ 101 Table 49: India, Application Fees ($)................................................................................................. 102 Table 50: India, Timeframe in Days for Processing Applications ........................................................ 102 Table 51: India, Rates for Long-term, Medium-term and Short-term Open Access.............................. 103 Table 52: India, Peak Power Capacity of Transmission Lines ............................................................ 103 Table 53: India, Transmission Losses (%)......................................................................................... 104 Table 54: Indonesia, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 .................................................... 110 Table 55: Indonesia, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020 ........................................................ 113 Table 56: Indonesia, Planned Transmission Infrastructure, 2011-2020............................................... 115 Table 57: Indonesia, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 ....................................................... 117 Table 58: Indonesia, SAIDI and SAIFI Values, 2006-2010................................................................. 118 Table 59: Indonesia, Electrification Ratio, 2008-2016 ........................................................................ 119 Table 60: Indonesia, Planned Distribution Infrastructure, 2011-2020.................................................. 120 Table 61: Indonesia, Power Infrastructure Investment Breakup (%), 2011-2020 ................................. 122 Table 62: Indonesia, Planned Infrastructure Investment Breakup by Region ($m), 2011-2020 ............ 123




Table 63: Indonesia, Transmission and Distribution Investment Split by Years ($bn), 2011-2020........ 124 Table 64: T&D Market, Indonesia, Drivers and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020 ....................................... 126 Table 65: T&D Market, Indonesia, Restraints and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020................................... 126 Table 66: China, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020.......................................................... 132 Table 67: China, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020 .............................................................. 135 Table 68: China, Transmission Substations (Units), 2000-2020 ......................................................... 137 Table 69: China, SGCC and CSPG, Power Sales, 2007-2011 ........................................................... 138 Table 70: China, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 ............................................................. 140 Table 71: China, Distribution Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020 ................................................................. 142 Table 72: China, Distribution Substation Units, 2000-2020 ................................................................ 144 Table 73: China, Generation and Grid Investments ($bn), 2006-2011 ................................................ 146 Table 74: China, Status of UHV AC Projects, 2012 ........................................................................... 147 Table 75: China, Status of UHV DC Projects, 2012 ........................................................................... 148 Table 76: China, CSPG, Grid Investments by Voltage Level ($bn), 2007-2011................................... 149 Table 77: T&D Market, China, Drivers and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020............................................. 150 Table 78: T&D Market, China, Restraints and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020 ........................................ 151 Table 79: China, 12th FYP, Key Features .......................................................................................... 155 Table 80: South Africa, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 ................................................ 158 Table 81: South Africa, TDP, 2013-2022........................................................................................... 160 Table 82: South Africa, Upcoming Power Plants, 2013-2022 ............................................................. 161 Table 83: South Africa, Transmission System Technical Performance, System Minutes, 2011............ 162 Table 84: South Africa, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020..................................................... 164 Table 85: South Africa, Power Transmission, List of Completed Projects Since 2010 ......................... 165 Table 86: South Africa, Power Transmission, List of Projects Planned to be Completed by 2012/2013 166 Table 87: South Africa, TDP 2013-2022, Peak Demand Forecast ...................................................... 167 Table 88: South Africa, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020.................................................... 169 Table 89: South Africa, Electrification Program, No. of Connections Electrified per Year, 2011 ........... 170 Table 90: South Africa, Distribution Sector Performance, SAIDI and SAIFI Performance, 2011........... 170 Table 91: South Africa, Transmission Investment Expansion, Break-down, 2013-2022....................... 173 Table 92: South Africa, Gauteng Province, New Assets, 2013-2022 .................................................. 174 Table 93: South Africa, Kwazulu-Natal Province, New Assets, 2013-2022.......................................... 175 Table 94: South Africa, Limpopo Province, New Assets, 2013-2022 .................................................. 176 Table 95: South Africa, Mpumalanga Province, New Assets, 2013-2022............................................ 177 Table 96: South Africa, Northwest Province, New Assets, 2013-2022 ................................................ 178 Table 97: South Africa, Free State Province, New Assets, 2013-2022................................................ 178 Table 98: South Africa, Northern Cape Province, New Assets, 2013-2022 ......................................... 179 Table 99: South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, New Assets, 2013-2022........................................... 180 Table 100: South Africa, Western Cape Province, New Assets, 2013-2022.......................................... 181 Table 101: T&D Market, South Africa, Drivers and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020 ................................... 183 Table 102: T&D Market, South Africa, Restraints and Impact Analysis, 2012-2020............................... 185 Table 103: South Africa, Grid Access, Charges Levied by Eskom on Generators, 2012........................ 186 Table 104: BRIICS, Snapshot of Present Status of T&D...................................................................... 190 Table 105: Abbreviations.................................................................................................................... 193




1.2 List of Figures Figure 1: Global, Transmission and Distribution Losses (% of Output), 2010 ......................................... 9 Figure 2: GDP, BRIICS v/s Rest of the World, 2011-2020................................................................... 12 Figure 3: Power Consumption, BRIICS v/s Rest of the World, 2011-2020............................................ 13 Figure 4: Power Generation, BRIICS v/s Rest of the World, 2011-2020............................................... 14 Figure 5: Brazil, Power Supply Structure............................................................................................ 18 Figure 6: Brazil, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 ............................................................ 20 Figure 7: Brazil, Power Transmission Network Configuration in SIN, 2011........................................... 22 Figure 8: Brazil, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020................................................................. 23 Figure 9: Brazil, Transmission Substations (Units), 2000-2020............................................................ 25 Figure 10: Brazil, Subsystem Interconnections, Existing and Planned, 2011.......................................... 28 Figure 11: Brazil, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020................................................................ 30 Figure 12: Brazil, Transmission Line Investment ($bn), 2011-2020 ....................................................... 34 Figure 13: Brazil, Transmission Line Investments by Voltage Type (%), 2011-2020............................... 35 Figure 14: Brazil, Relationships Between Institutions, 2012 .................................................................. 39 Figure 15: Russia, Power Supply Structure .......................................................................................... 44 Figure 16: Russia, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020........................................................... 45 Figure 17: Russia, Planned Transmission Lines and Capacity Additions, 2013-2017 ............................. 47 Figure 18: Russia, Key Investment Projects, 2013-2017....................................................................... 48 Figure 19: Russia, Pricing zones ......................................................................................................... 49 Figure 20: Russia, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020............................................................... 50 Figure 21: Russia, Prospects of Power Trade of Russia with its Neighbors............................................ 52 Figure 22: Russia, Transmission Substations (Units), 2000-2020.......................................................... 53 Figure 23: Russia, Regional Presence of Russian Electricity Distribution Companies, 2011................... 55 Figure 24: Russia, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020.............................................................. 56 Figure 25: Russia, Depreciation Rates for Distribution Companies, 2010 .............................................. 58 Figure 26: Russia, Comparison of Power Loss Ratio of MRSKs and Foreign Peers, 2010 ..................... 59 Figure 27: Russia, Distribution Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020.................................................................. 60 Figure 28: Russia, Depreciation Ratios Under RAB and Cost Plus........................................................ 62 Figure 29: Russia, Distribution Substation (Units), 2000-2020............................................................... 63 Figure 30: Russia, Breakdown of the Transmission Investment Plan, 2013-2017................................... 67 Figure 31: India, Power Supply Structure, 2012.................................................................................... 74 Figure 32: India, Capacity and Power Line Growth, 1950-2011............................................................. 76 Figure 33: India, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020.............................................................. 78 Figure 34: India, Current Power Grid, 2011 .......................................................................................... 80 Figure 35: India, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020.................................................................. 81 Figure 36: India, Transmission Substations (Units), 2000-2020............................................................. 83 Figure 37: India, Number of Villages Electrified, 1950-2012 .................................................................. 85 Figure 38: India, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020................................................................. 87 Figure 39: India, Distribution Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020..................................................................... 89 Figure 40: India, Transmission and Distribution Losses (%), 1947-2010................................................ 95 Figure 41: India, Ratio of Investment in Transmission and Distribution to Investment in Generation Over

FYPs.................................................................................................................................. 97 Figure 42: Indonesia, Power Supply Structure.................................................................................... 108 Figure 43: Indonesia, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 .................................................... 109 Figure 44: Indonesia, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020 ........................................................ 112 Figure 45: Indonesia, Planned Transmission Lines, 2012 ................................................................... 115 Figure 46: Indonesia, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 ....................................................... 116 Figure 47: Indonesia, Electrification Ratio, June 2012......................................................................... 119 Figure 48: Indonesia, Planned Transmission and Distribution Lines (km), 2011-2020 .......................... 121 Figure 49: Indonesia, Power Infrastructure Investment Break-down (%), 2011-2020............................ 122 Figure 50: Indonesia, Planned Infrastructure Investment Breakup by Region ($m), 2011-2020 ............ 123 Figure 51: Indonesia, Transmission and Distribution Investment Split by Years ($bn), 2011-2020........ 124 Figure 52: China, Power Supply Structure.......................................................................................... 129 Figure 53: China, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020.......................................................... 131 Figure 54: China, Regional Power Grids, 2011................................................................................... 133 Figure 55: China, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020 .............................................................. 134 Figure 56: China, Transmission Substations (Units), 2000-2020 ......................................................... 136 Figure 57: China, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 ............................................................. 139 Figure 58: China, Distribution Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020 ................................................................. 141 Figure 59: China, Distribution Substation Units, 2000-2020 ................................................................ 143 Figure 60: China, Generation and Grid Investments, 2006-2011 ......................................................... 146




Figure 61: China, Regional Power Grids ............................................................................................ 153 Figure 62: China, Electricity Pricing Scheme...................................................................................... 154 Figure 63: South Africa, Transmission Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 ................................................ 157 Figure 64: South Africa, Existing Grid Infrastructure, 2011.................................................................. 159 Figure 65: South Africa, Planned Power Generation Capacity by 2022................................................ 161 Figure 66: South Africa, Transmission Capacity (MVA), 2000-2020..................................................... 163 Figure 67: South Africa, TDP 2013-2022, Peak Demand Forecast ...................................................... 167 Figure 68: South Africa, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020.................................................... 168 Figure 69: South Africa, Peak Demand Savings (MW), 2004-2011...................................................... 171 Figure 70: South Africa, Comparative Overview of the Various Provinces on the Planned Network Line

Lengths by Voltage Type, 2013-2022 ................................................................................ 182 Figure 71: BRIICS, T&D Market Evolution Stages .............................................................................. 189




2 Transmission and Distribution Market, Overview Rapid economic expansion and industrialization has increased global electricity demand. In order to meet this increasing power demand, countries are investing substantially in increasing their installed capacity base. Global electricity consumption amounted to XXm Gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2011. Between 2012 and 2020, global electricity consumption is expected to increase at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of XX% from XXm GWh in 2012 to XXm GWh in 2020. Global installed capacity for power amounted to XX Terawatts (TW) in 2011. Over the forecast period from 2012 to 2020, global installed capacity is expected to increase at a CAGR of XX% to reach XX TW in 2020. Increasing power consumption and the incorporation of new power generation sources into the grid, increasing interconnection for cross-border electricity trade, will mandate investments in the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) infrastructure. Furthermore, as developing economies realize the need to stabilize their electricity supply in order to support economic growth, increasing investments will be made into the modernization and maintenance of the T&D network. Around $XX trillion of investment is expected to be made into T&D networks worldwide between 2011 and 3035 (IEA, 2011).

The current T&D infrastructure in Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa (BRIICS) is old and has limited capacity for power transmission and distribution. The power markets in these countries are characterized by high loss and theft, and low electrification rates, with the exception of China. T&D investments in these countries are to be driven by the need to meet rising power demand through the incorporation of new power generation capacity into the grid, including renewable energy, increasing the rate of electrification, and upgrading the grid in order to reduce power losses.

The figure below provides a comparison of T&D losses in BRIICS versus some developed countries in 2010.

Figure 1: Global, Transmission and Distribution Losses (% of Output), 2010

Ger

man

y

Chi

na

Japa

n

Fran

ce US

UK

Wor

ld

Sou

th A

frica

Indo

nesi

a

Rus

sia

Bra

zil

Indi

a

T&D

Los

ses

(%)

Source: GlobalData *Number for China represents 2009.




2.1 GlobalData Report Guidance This report opens with an executive summary describing current key growth trends in the power

sector of key emerging economies.

Chapter two provides an overview of the global power T&D network.

Chapter three provides comparison of BRIICS with the rest of the world and lists key opportunities and challenges in the T&D markets in each country.

Chapter four provides information related to T&D networks, capacity and substations for the BRIICS countries. The chapter provides detailed information related to the market characteristics, power imports and exports and investment planned during the forecast period for each of the BRIICS countries. It also lists major regulations and initiatives related to T&D in each of these countries.

Please note: from 2011 onwards, the report provides actual or estimated data, depending upon the information available at the time of writing the report.




4.1.7 Brazil, Transmission and Distribution Market, Investments According to Brazil’s PDE 2020, around R$XX billion ($XX billion) is expected to be invested in the power transmission infrastructure in the country. This includes R$XX billion ($XX billion) in power transmission lines.

The figure and table below illustrate the investment planned in power transmission between 2011 and 2020.

Figure 12: Brazil, Transmission Line Investment ($bn), 2011-2020

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Inve

stm

ents

($bn

)

Source: GlobalData; EPE, 2012b

Table 8: Brazil, Transmission Line Investments ($bn), 2011-2020

Year Investment ($bn)

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Source: GlobalData; EPE, 2012b




4.4.4 Indonesia, Distribution Infrastructure In Indonesia, electricity networks below XXkV are under distribution systems. Voltage levels at XX-XXkV, XXkV and XXkV are designated as “medium voltages” and those lower than XXkV are designated as “low voltages”.

In 2000, the cumulative length of power distribution lines in Indonesia stood at XX Ckm. The country’s cumulative distribution line length in 2011 was estimated at XX Ckm, with distribution lines below XXkV and less accounting for a share of around XX%. The rest was estimated to be accounted for by medium voltage lines. During 2000-2011, the cumulative length of power distribution lines grew at a CAGR of XX%. During the 2012-2020 forecast period, the cumulative length of power distribution lines is expected to grow at a CAGR of XX%, reaching XX Ckm by 2020.

The figure and table below provide detailed information related to the length of power distribution lines in Indonesia, by voltage type, for 2000-2020.

Figure 46: Indonesia, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Dis

tribu

tion

line

(CK

m)

LV MV (20, 12 & 7-6kV)

Source: GlobalData, Power eTrack, T&D Database [Accessed on December 3, 2012]




Table 57: Indonesia, Distribution Line Length (Ckm), 2000-2020 Year LV MV (20, 12 & 7-6 kV) Total Length

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Source: GlobalData, Power eTrack, T&D Database [Accessed on December 3, 2012]




4.5.7 China, T&D Market, Investments With the introduction of competition in power generation, which lead to huge investments in power generation capacity, the country has no shortfall in power generation capacity. However, the investments by the two power grid companies, which own power assets in the T&D sector, have been low.

The figure and table below depicts investments in power generation and the grid by SGCC over the years.

Figure 60: China, Generation and Grid Investments, 2006-2011

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Inve

stm

ents

($bn

)

Generation Investment ($ billion) Grid Investment ($ billion)

Source: GlobalData; CEC, 2011

Table 73: China, Generation and Grid Investments ($bn), 2006-2011 Year Generation Investment Grid Investment

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Source: GlobalData; CEC, 2011

SGCC invested around XX billion ($XX billion) and XX billion ($XX billion) in UHV AC and DC projects in 2011. The UHV projects are part of an SGCC plan to invest around XX billion ($XX billion) on the construction of UHV power transmission lines during the 12th FYP period. The company plans to invest a cumulative amount of around $XX billion in power grid construction over the next five years. SGCC plans to construct a "three horizontal, three vertical" a UHV AC backbone network and XX UHV DC projects to strengthen grid connectivity in the country. The UHV line length is expected to be around XXkm by 2015. The country also aims to spend around $XX billion on the construction of conventional power lines and networks.




6 Appendix

6.1 Market Definitions 6.1.1 Power According to the Energy Information Administration, power is defined as the rate of producing, transferring, or using energy, most commonly associated with electricity. Power is measured in Watts and often expressed in kilowatts (kW) or Megawatts (MW).

6.1.2 Installed Capacity Installed capacity refers to the generator’s nameplate capacity as stated by the manufacturer, or the maximum rated output of a generator under given conditions. Installed capacity is given in MW on a nameplate physically displayed on the generator.

6.1.3 Electricity Generation Electricity generation is the production of electric energy through the transformation of other forms of energy. It also refers to the amount of electric energy produced, expressed in Gigawatt-hours (GWh).

6.1.4 Electricity Consumption Electricity consumption is the sum of electricity generated, plus imports, minus exports, minus transmission and distribution losses, and is measured in GWh.

6.1.5 Renewable Energy Resources This refers to naturally replenishing energy resources limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time. For example, biomass, geothermal, solar, and wind can all be termed renewable resources.

6.1.6 Power Transmission and Distribution This refers to the mechanism of transferring electricity from the place where it is generated to the end-consumer through a network of high-voltage, medium-voltage and low-voltage cables and substations.

6.1.7 Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System Flexible alternating current transmission systems are power technologies that increase the reliability of power grids and reduce cost of power delivery. They help in improving transmission quality and efficiency by supplying inductive or reactive power to the grid.

6.1.8 High Voltage Direct Current Cables High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) cables are power cables that enable transmission of bulk power incurring minimum loss. HVDC cables can transmit power as overhead cables, as underground cables and as sub-sea cables.

6.1.9 Smart Meters Smart meters are electric meters that record electricity consumption every 15 minutes and communicate the data to utilities for billing purposes. The meters facilitate two-way communication between the consumers and utilities.

6.1.10 Demand Response Demand Response (DR) is a dynamic demand mechanism that monitors and manages customer electricity consumption, according to supply situations. The mechanism can be implemented in residential, commercial and industrial establishments.

6.1.11 Distributed Energy Generation Systems Distributed energy generating systems include technologies such as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, small-scale hydropower generating systems, fuel cells and others that help to generate power on a small scale, at consumer premises.




6.2 Abbreviations

Table 105: Abbreviations AC Alternating Current

ACL Ambiente de Contratação Livre

ACR Ambiente de Contratação Regulada

ACS Average Cost of Supply

ADB Asian Development Bank

ANEEL Agencia Nacional de Energia Eletrica

ARR Average Revenue Realised

AT&C Aggregate Technical and Commercial

ATS Administrator of Trading System

BESCOM Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited

BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

BSEB Bihar State Electricity Board

CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate

CEA Central Electricity Authority

CERC Central Electricity Regulatory Commission

CFS Center for Financial Settlements

Ckm Circuit Kilometers

CLP China Light and Power

CMSE Comitê de Monitoramento do Setor Elétrico

CNPE Conselho Nacional de Política Energética

CSPG China Southern Power Grid Company

CTU Central Transmission Utility

CU Consumer Units

D/C Double circuit

DC Direct Current

DG Distributed Generation

DRC Democratic Republic of Congo

DSM Demand Side Management

EPE Empresa de Pesquisa Energgetica

FAS Federal Antimonopoly Service

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

FGC Federal Grid Company

FTA Federal Tariff Authority

FTS Federal Tariff Service

FYP Five Year Plan

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GW GigaWatt

GWh GigaWatt hour

HVDC High voltage direct current

ICTs Inter-Connecting Transformers

IDGCs Interregional Distribution Grid Companies

IEA International Energy Agency

IEEE-SA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Standards Association




IEGC Indian Electricity Grid Code

IMF International Monetary Fund

IPPs Independent Power Producers

IRP Integrated Resource Plan

ISTS Inter-State Power Transmission System

IT Information Technology

km kilo-meter

kV kilo-Voltage

kWh kilo-Watt hour

MME Ministry of Mines and Energy

MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

MVA Mega-Volt Ampere

MW Mega Watt

NBP New Build Program

NDPL North Delhi Power Limited

NDRC National Development and Reform Commission

NERSA National Energy Regulator of South Africa

NHPC National Hydropower Corporation

NLDCs National Load Dispatch Centres

NPCIL Nuclear Power Corporation of India

NPP Nuclear Power Plants

NTB West Nusa Tenggara

NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation

NTT East Nusa Tenggara

ONS Operador Nacional do Sistema

PDE Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia

PGCIL The Power Grid Corporation of India

PLN Perusahaan Listrik Negara

PPA Power Purchase Agreements

PPPs Power Purchase Agreements

PROINFA Programme of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources

R&D Research and Development

RAB Regulatory Asset Base

R-APDRP Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Programme

REBID Renewable Energy Bids

REC Rural Electrification Corporation Limited

REDs Regional Electricity Distributors

REFIT Renewable Energy Feed-In Tariff

RGGVY Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana

RLDCs Regional Load Dispatch Centres

S/C Single Circuit

SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index

SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index

SANEDI South African National Energy Development Institute

SAPP Southern African Power Pool




SASGI South African Smart Grid Initiative

SBUs Strategic Business Units

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SEB State Electricity Boards

SERC State Electricity Regulatory Commission

SETC State Economic and Trade Commission

SGCC State Grid Corporation of China

SLDCs State Load Dispatch Centres

SOE State-Owned Enterprises

SPC State Power Corporation

STU State Transmission Utilities

T&D Transmission and Distribution

TDP Transmission Development Plan

TGCs Territorial Generation Companies

TNB Tenaga Nasional Berhad

TWh TeraWatt hours

TYDP Transmission Year Development Plan

UHVDC Ultra-high Voltage Direct Current

UNEG Unified National Electricity Grid

UPCL Uttaranchal Power Corporation Limited

UPPCL Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited

USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

USTDA United States Trade Development Authority

Uts Union Territories

WGCs Wholesale Generation Companies

WTO World Trade Organization

Source: GlobalData




6.3 Bibliography CEA (2012). Draft National Electricity Plan (Volume - II) Transmission. Central Electricity Authority.

Available from: http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/powersystems/nep2012/transmission_12.pdf

CEC (2011). Investments. China Electricity Council. Available from: http://english.cec.org.cn/

Ceejay (2012). China Power & Energy News. Available from: http://www.ceejay.com.hk/summary1.pdf

CERC (2012). Current Regulations. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. Available from: http://cercind.gov.in/Current_reg.html

CPWC (2011). Market potential and Technology Transfer - Experience and Expectations from a Chinese Perspective. China Wind Power Centre. Available from: http://www.cwpc.cn/cwpc/en/system/files/documents/ERI_WangZY_WindPowerinChina_Nov09.pdf

CSPG (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility Report. China Southern Power Grid Company. Available from: http://eng.csg.cn/CSRFiles/20120920085416041604.pdf

Credit Suisse (2011). China Power Transmission and Distribution Sector. Available from: https://doc.research-and-analytics.csfb.com/docView?language=ENG&source=ulg&format=PDF&document_id=934379241&serialid=sdqN7uy1n8bEav31vJnRHJbXK8lAmO62Wbi1Nf%2BuWrs%3D

EPE (2012a). Plano Decenal De Expansao De Energia 2021. Empresa de Pesquisa Energgetica. Available from: http://www.epe.gov.br/PDEE/20120924_1.pdf

EPE (2012b). Plano Decenal De Expansao De Energia 2020. Empresa de Pesquisa Energgetica. Available from: http://www.epe.gov.br/PDEE/20120302_1.pdf

Eskom (2012). Schedule of Standard Prices. Available from: http://www.eskom.co.za/content/DUoS_Schedule_standard_prices201213.pdf

FGC (2012a). Investments. Federal Grid Company. Available from: http://www.fsk-ees.ru/eng/operations/investments/ [Accessed on November 28, 2012]

FGC (2012b). Investor Presentation, November, 2012. Federal Grid Company. Available from: http://www.fsk-ees.ru/upload/docs/20.11.2012_Investor_Presentation.ppt [Accessed on November 28, 2012]

Gudkova (2012). Progress report on power (capacity) market pricing reform in Russia. European Energy Regulators. Available from: http://www.energy-regulators.eu/portal/page/portal/EER_HOME/EER_INTERNATIONAL/CEER-FTS/4th%20FTS-CEER%20meeting/Gudkova.pdf

Gazprombank (2011). Electricity distribution. Time to plug in. Gazprombank. Available from: http://www.gazprombank.ru/upload/iblock/05f/gpb_mrsks_initiation_15aprc1q.doc.pdf




IEA (2011). World Energy Outlook, 2011. International Energy Agency. Available from: http://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/weo2011sum.pdf

IMF (2012). World Economic Outlook database. International Monetary Fund. Available from: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/02/weodata/WEOOct2012all.xls [Accessed on October 20, 2012]

Integrated Report (2012). Integrated Report, 2012. Eskom. Available from: http://financialresults.co.za/2012/eskom_ar2012/integrated-report/index.php

Inter Raoues (2011). Electricity export and Import. Inter Raoues. Available from: http://interrao.ru/en/activity/traiding/exporteng.php [Accessed on November 28, 2012]

IR (2012). South African Grid Map. Eskom. Available from: http://financialresults.co.za/2012/eskom_ar2012/integrated-report/sa-grid-map.php

Jarman (2012). Indonesia Electricity Infrastructure Development. Ministry Mineral and Mineral Resources. Available from: http://energy-indonesia.com/03dge/0120918-01.pdf

Jonathan (2012). China’s Power Sector Restructuring and Electricity Price Reforms. Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Available from: http://www.vub.ac.be/biccs/site/assets/files/apapers/Asia%20papers/201201%20-%20Edwards%20-%20Electricity%20Pricing.pdf

Kazachenkov A, (2012). Russian Transmission Grid: Present and Future. Federal Tariff Service. Available from: http://www.fstrf.ru/eng/international_activity/meropr/11/3/05.Kazachenkov_Presentation_%2807.02.2012%29.pdf

LSE (2012). MRSK Holding Develops Investment Programme for 2012-2017. London Stock Exchange , July 23, 2012. Available from: http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail.html?announcementId=11274549&error=1 [Accessed on November 28, 2012]

MMA (2008). National Plan on Climate Change. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente. Available from: http://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/imprensa/_arquivos/96_11122008040728.pdf

MRSK (2010). IDGC Holding Shaping Innovative Environment for Electric Grid Facilities. Interregional Distribution Grid Companies, March 26, 2010. Available from: |http://www.holding-mrsk.ru/eng/press/news/detail.php?ID=1905 [Accessed on November 28, 2012]

ONS (2012). Relationships. Operador Nacional do Sistema Eletrico. Available from: http://www.ons.org.br/institucional_linguas/relacionamentos.aspx?lang=en [Accessed on November 20, 2012]

People’s Daily (2011) via Xinhua. Brazil to use China's UHV power transmission technologies in hydroelectric dam project. People’s Daily, April 14, 2011. Available from: http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/7349896.html [Accessed on November 20, 2012]




PGCIL (2011) via SARI-Energy. HVDC Systems in India. South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy. Available from: http://www.sari-energy.org/PageFiles/What_We_Do/activities/HVDC_Training/Presentations/Day_1/1_HVDC_SYSTEMS_IN_INDIA.pdf

PGCIL (2012). One Nation-One Grid. Power Grid Corporation of India Limited. Available from: http://www.powergridindia.com/_layouts/PowerGrid/User/ContentPage.aspx?PId=78&LangID=English

Planning Commission (2012). Report of The Working Group of Power for Twelfth Plan (2012-2017). Planning Commission. Available from: http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp12/wg_power1904.pdf

Powermin (2005). T&D Loss in the Country. Power Ministry. Available from: http://www.powermin.nic.in/distribution/apdrp/projects/pdf/Presentation_on_AT&C_Losses.ppt

Powermin (2011). Growth of Electricity Sector in India from 1974-2011. Ministry of Power. Available from: http://www.powermin.nic.in/indian_electricity_scenario/pdf/Growth_of_Electricity_Sector_in_India_From_1947-2011.pdf

Rhodes T, (2012). Brazil: Brazilian Electricity Market Reforms. Mondaq, September 20, 2012. Available from: http://www.mondaq.com/x/197544/Oil+Gas+Electricity/Brazilian+Electricity+Market+Reforms [Accessed on November 20, 2012]

RUPTL (2011). Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik. Perusahaan Listrik Negara. Available from: http://www.pln.co.id/dataweb/RUPTL/RUPTL%202011-2020-2.pdf

Sakya (2012). Electricity Power Development in Indonesia. Indonesia Energy Electric Sheet. Available from: http://energy-indonesia.com/03dge/01dengen.pdf

SGCC (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility Report. State Grid Corporation of China. Available from: http://www.unglobalcompact.org/system/attachments/18283/original/2011english.pdf?1351485544

TDP (2012). Transmission Ten-Year Development Plan. Eskom. Available from: http://www.eskom.co.za/content/TransDevPlanBrochure2013-2022.pdf

Working Group on Power (2012) via NPTI. Distribution including village and household electrification. National Power Training Institute. Available from: http://www.npti.in/Download/Misc/workinggroup%20report%20final%20100212/05Chapter%2003%20Distribution%2025.01.12.pdf




6.4 Methodology GlobalData’s dedicated research and analysis teams consist of experienced professionals with a pedigree in marketing and market research, consulting backgrounds in the energy industry, and advanced levels of statistical expertise.

GlobalData adheres to the codes of practice of the Market Research Society (www.mrs.org.uk) and the Strategic and Competitive Intelligence Professionals (www.scip.org).

All GlobalData’s databases are continuously updated and revised. The following methodology has been followed for the collection and analysis of data presented in this report.

6.4.1 Coverage The report provides an in-depth analysis of the T&D market in Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa. This report analyzes the T&D market in terms of infrastructure, investments and regulations. It provides information related to T&D lines, transmission capacity and substations. It discusses the key drivers and restraints impacting the market. It also provides information related to smart grid deployment in these countries, their power imports and exports and planned investments in the T&D sector during the forecast period, as planned by their utilities. In the end, the report provides a comparative snapshot of the BRIICS on their present status of power T&D.

The report provides:

Information related to power supply structure in the BRIICS.

Analysis of T&D market related to network lines (in Ckm), capacity (in MVA) and substations (units) for the BRIICS.

Information related to smart grid and power imports and exports in BRIICS.

T&D investment planned during the forecast period in BRIICS.

Key regulations influencing the T&D market in BRIICS. A comparative snapshot of the BRIICS on their present status of power T&D.

6.4.2 Secondary Research The research process begins with exhaustive secondary research within GlobalData's own databases and external sources.

Data related to T&D infrastructure, investments have been derived by taking the following into consideration:

Statistics and historic trends provided by government bodies, industry associations and equipment vendors

Government and private sector investments

Government regulations and policies

Utility expansion plans

GlobalData’s proprietary databases, such as the Transmission and Distribution Network Database and the Power Plant Database.

Other insights built through secondary research and analysis of national power market regulator’s website, company websites, annual reports, investor presentations, industry and trade journals, and association data.




6.4.3 Primary Research Secondary research is further complemented through primary interviews with industry participants to verify and fine-tune the market numbers obtained through secondary research and get first-hand information on industry trends.

The participants are drawn from a diverse set of backgrounds, including industry associations, government bodies, utilities, distributors, and academia. The participants include, but are not limited to, C-level executives, industry consultants, academic experts, business development and sales managers, purchasing managers, plant managers, government officials, and industry spokespeople.

6.6 Disclaimer All Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, GlobalData.

This report is a licensed product and should not to be reproduced without prior permission.

Documents

GDPE1053MAR-Power Transmission and Distribution Sample 1-9 ... · 3.1 Key Opportunities in the Power Sector of BRIICS.....15 3.1.1 Private Sector Participation.....15 3.1.2 Long Distance