GCSE PE (OCR) BRADLEY STOKE COMMUNITY …ks4.bscsrevision.com/uploads/3/0/9/3/30931869/gcse_pe_revision... · Exam B451: An Introduction to Physical Education ... Mental preparation

GCSE PE (OCR)

BRADLEY STOKE COMMUNITY SCHOOL

UNIT B451: AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION

UNIT B453: DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2014-2016

Y11 REVISION GUIDE

(THIS DOCUMENT IS ALSO AVAILABLE ON SHARED)

@bscspe

B451 / B453 Revision Guide

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BSCS PE

CONTENTS:

Title Page (Page 1)

Contents (Page 2)

Exams Overview (Page 3)

Time Coaching (Page 4)

Exam Technique - questions 1-15: multiple choice (Page 5)

Exam Technique - questions 16-24: compound questions (Page 6)

Exam Technique - question 25: extended writing (Page 7)

Revision Timetable (Page 8)

Revision Techniques & Resources (Page 9)

Key Concepts in Physical Education (Page 10)

Key Process 1: Developing Skills and Techniques (Page 11-13)

Key Process 2: Decision Making (Page 14)

Key Process 3: Physical and Mental Capacity (Page 15-26)

Key Process 4: Evaluating and Improving (27)

Key Process 5: Healthy, Active Lifestyles (Page 28-31)

Opportunities and Pathways (32-


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BSCS PE

EXAMS OVERVIEW

Exam B451: An Introduction to Physical Education

Exam B453: Developing Knowledge in Physical Education

Both exams last for 1 hour

60 marks per exam

Any topic from the below list could come up in both exams – check specification for detailed notes

Key Concepts in PE

(Competence, Performance, Creativity, HAL)

Key Process 1: Developing Skills and Techniques

(Fundamental Motor Skills, Learning Movement Skills, Feedback, Motivation, Goal Setting)

Key Process 2: Decision Making

(Making decisions in different activities / different roles, code of conduct / etiquette)

Key Process 3: Physical and Mental Capacity

(Mental Preparation, Muscular system, Skeletal system (joints, ranges of movement, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, synovial fluid, joint

problems), Cardiovascular / Respiratory system (short and long term effects of training), Components of fitness, Health screening,

Principles of training)

Key Process 4: Evaluating and Improving

(Characteristics of a skilful movement, Assessing the body’s readiness for exercise)

Key Process 5: Making Informed Decisions About Healthy, Active Lifestyles

Nutrients / diet, Health indicators, Methods of training, Hazards, Risks

Opportunities, Pathways and Participation in Physical Education

Participation rates, Media/Sponsorship, Reasons (positive / negative), Local and national provision, Barriers / target groups, Government

initiatives, School influences, Pathways)


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BSCS PE

TIME COACHING GUIDELINES

Both exams last for 60 minutes each

60 marks available (per exam) over 3 types of question

1 minute per mark doesn’t always apply; the more knowledge you have, the more spare time you will have as the

answers will come to you easily. Practise makes perfect!

Questions 1 – 15: Multiple Choice

Don’t rush; this section is worth 25% of the marks!

Use elimination technique (see page 5)

Questions 16 – 24: Compound Questions

Vary between 1 and 6 marks – take your time to read the question and obey the command word!

Question 25: Extended Writing

Judged on quality of written communication

Allow time (6-8 minutes) to plan and write your answer

Take a minute to write a plan on your answer paper; the best responses usually have one…

Time the exam on your watch or use the clock on the wall

Check regularly to see how much time you have left

Figuring out the times will take a few seconds and will be extremely useful!

Use any spare time to read over your answers

Practice some past paper questions under timed conditions (1-15), (16-24) and (25)

How long do you spend on each section? Do you answer some sections quicker than others?

Try some extended writing questions (25) in 6-8 minutes to get used to the timings

If you run out of space, make sure you write on extra paper – don’t write outside the lines!

Using extra paper? It is vitally important that you write your candidate number, centre number (50508) and the

question number. If you don’t, the examiner will ignore your extra writing!


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BSCS PE

EXAM TECHNIQUE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Questions 1-15

Worth 25% of marks

Don’t rush – the answer is in front of you…

Elimination Technique:

READ THE QUESTION!

Highlight / circle / underline key words…

What is the topic?

What is the focus of this topic?

Cross out answers that you are sure do not apply

If you think that more than one choice could be the answer, pick the one that is most likely!

Circle the entire answer, not just the letter

Example…

4. Which of the following is a volunteer route into physical activity?

a) Playing professional rugby

b) Being a referee in a Premiership football game

c) Being the coach of a world circuit tennis player

d) Organising a class for clients in a care home

The topic is Pathways

The focus of this topic is volunteering

You could be a volunteer rugby player, football referee or tennis coach….

However, the ‘professional’, ‘Premiership’ and ‘world circuit’ descriptions give us a clue that these roles

would all be paid and therefore are not likely to be voluntary

You might get paid to organise a class in a care home, but which one is most likely to be voluntary?

Be very clear and neat when circling your chosen answer!


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BSCS PE

EXAM TECHNIQUE: COMPOUND QUESTIONS

Questions 16-24

The key to answering these questions is to OBEY THE COMMAND WORD!

What is the topic?

What is the topic focus?

Highlight / circle / underline key words for the topic focus

Highlight / circle / underline command word – what does the examiner want you to do?

E.g. “Explain”, “Describe”, “Identify”, “Evaluate”

Be clear in your explanations – explain as if you are telling someone who has no idea!

Your examples must be specific and not vague

E.g. ‘Receiving a pass in open play in Rugby’, not ‘rugby pass’

If the question is worth four marks there will be a (4) at the end of the writing area. Make sure you make at

least 4 points. If you can think of more than four then go for it in case one isn’t correct!

OCR generally give two lines to write on per mark – you don’t have to fill up the lines so try not to ‘waffle’ or

write irrelevant information

You can use bullet points as long as they are fully explained and the question is answered!

Always use examples if you are asked!

Don’t write down everything you know about the topic focus – make sure you actually ANSWER THE

QUESTION!

For example, “Components of Fitness” might be the topic. If the question asks you to describe methods of

training (this is the topic focus) then you don’t need to mention fitness testing – unless the question asks you

to! Use your subject knowledge to skilfully respond.

Do as you are told – OBEY, OBEY, OBEY!

http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow/story/309357/10-subreddits-we-want-to-see-as-web-shows/1


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BSCS PE

EXAM TECHNIQUE: EXTENDED WRITING

Question 25

Worth 6 marks – could be the difference between a whole grade

PEE technique

Marked on quality of written communication

Write in full sentences and paragraphs – don’t use bullet points!

Take time to plan your answer – list the points you will discuss

What is the topic?

What is the topic focus?

Highlight / circle / underline key words for the topic focus

Highlight / circle / underline command word – what does the examiner want you to do?

E.g. “Explain”, “Describe”, “Identify”, “Evaluate”

P = Make a point

E = Explain your point

E = Give an example to support your point /explanation

Repeat this technique every time you make a new point

Do get 5-6 marks (level 3 answer) you need to make “many developed points.”

At least 5 points need to be made – make as many as you can in the time available!

Use technical language taken from the specification – this demonstrates your knowledge and understanding

Can you use different parts of the theory specification to make extra points?

For example, if the question asked you to describe ways of developing skills and techniques, you could make

points on FMS, LMS, F, M and GS. If you have time left you could write a PEE paragraph on mental

preparation to boost confidence when developing skills.

There should be “few errors (if any) in grammar, punctuation and spelling.”

https://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theprospect.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/keep-calm-and-write-your-essay-4.png&imgrefurl=http://www.theprospect.net/hahvahd-really-does-make-you-smartah-a-college-essays-book-review-6139&docid=42MEXxfvhph3SM&tbnid=EiLPEqyBGqVqFM:&w=1200&h=1000&ei=VkZIU9fpGLPI0AXLlYCoCg&ved=0CAIQxiAwAA&iact=c

http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/gotta-pee-cartoon-little-leaguer-who-has-to-31789100.jpg


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BSCS PE

REVISION TIMETABLE

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Plan your revision carefully

Set yourself clear goals

Work in small chunks

Exercise regularly to relive stress

Drink plenty of water whilst revising

Eat healthily - it makes a big difference…

Reward yourself for completing revision goals

Make use of time before school – early morning ‘fresh’ revision in G28 from 8am every day!


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BSCS PE

REVISION TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES

Everybody learns differently; what type of learner are you?

How do you store information in your long term memory most effectively?

REPETITION (rehearsal leads to recall; do it again and again and again until it sticks…)

CHUNKING (break info down into small, manageable chunks – bullet points are good!)

READING (look up information around the topic to give you more of an idea)

UNDERSTANDING (if you don’t get it, it’s harder to remember; don’t be afraid to ask…)

LISTEN (record an MP3 file of the main points and listen to it every day…)

PODCASTS (you raised the money to pay for them; they are waiting for you on FROG…)

VIDEOS (make a fool of yourself on camera reading out the key info you need…)

EXAM PRACTICE (try questions under timed conditions and read over the mark schemes…)

GROUPS (motivate yourself by working with a class mate, family member or friend; anyone will do!)

POST IT NOTES (write down key words or definitions and stick them around your room…)

HAVE A GO (try the things you are reading about; works great for PE!)

RESOURCES

SPECIFICATION (you have been given a copy; make it your best friend!)

TEXT BOOK (written by the same people who write the exam questions…)

SHARED (all teacher PPTs, worksheets, videos, etc are all in the GCSE PE folder…)

PAST PAPERS (all papers from the new specification with mark schemes are also on shared…)

OCR WEBSITE (past papers are on the website if you can’t access shared; lots more info too…)

TEACHERS (always happy to answer your questions…)

Use your specification, text book and the pages that follow to summarise the key information you need to

know for your exam…

http://studentblogs.le.ac.uk/management/files/2012/10/Learning-Styles-2.jpg


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BSCS PE

KEY CONCEPTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Competence

Performance

Creativity

HAL

Can you define each KC and give practical examples?


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BSCS PE

KEY PROCESS 1: DEVELOPING SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

FMS

LMS

F

M

GS

2 types of goals:

Can you repeat this table until you can write it out in under 1 minute?

Can you describe, explain, apply and give examples of all of these topics?

Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS)

Practical examples: How can you measure them? Do some sports use more than one at a time?


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BSCS PE

Learning Movement Skills (LMS) - Explanations and practical examples

OL

T&E

P&R

Different types of Feedback (F)

C T

I E

KOP KOR

Can you explain all of the above using practical examples?

Check the specification for some tips…


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BSCS PE

Motivation

I E

T E

Goal Setting – why is GS important?

SMARTER Principle of Goal Setting – explanation and examples

S M A R T E R

Performance and Outcome Goals

P O


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BSCS PE

KEY PROCESS 2: DECISION MAKING

Examples of Decision Making in a range of activities

Invasion games

Target games

Athletic activities

Outdoor and adventurous activities

Decision Making across different roles:

Coach

Official

Performer

Responding Appropriately when participating in different physical activity roles

COC

ETT


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BSCS PE

KEY PROCESS 3: PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CAPACITY

Imagery

Self-talk

Relaxation

Focusing

Mental preparation helps to control emotions during play

Allows performer to cope with stress / anxiety

The above techniques allow performer to raise confidence levels

Can you describe the techniques and give detailed, relevant examples

Mental

Preparation


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BSCS PE

MUCULAR SYSTEM

The Roles of Muscles

Prime mover / agonist

Antagonist

Synergist

Antagonistic pairs

Different Types of Muscles

Skeletal / voluntary

Involuntary

Cardiac

Lactic Acid – how does LA affect training/sport? How does this change over time?

DOMS

OBLA


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BSCS PE

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Functions of the Skeleton

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

A joint can be defined as… “Where two or more bones meet to provide movement”

What is it? What range of movement does it allow?

The knee: which bones make up the joint?

Practical examples of the hinge joint in action:

The elbow: which bones make up the joint?

What is it? What range of movement does it allow?

The shoulder: which bones make up the joint?

Practical examples of the B&S joint in action:

The hip: which bones make up the joint?

Hinge

Joint

Ball &

Socket Joint


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BSCS PE

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Range of Movement: Definition

Sporting Example

Ligaments

Cartilage

Synovial fluid

Tendons

Problems associated with joints (page 11 of the specification)

Joint components:

description and

function


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BSCS PE

SHORT/LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Short Term Effects: Cardiovascular System (What happens whilst you are exercising and why?)

Definition / Information

Short Term Effect

Heart Rate

Stroke Volume

Cardiac Output

Vascular Shunt

Long Term Effects: Cardiovascular System (What happens after a long period of training and why?)

Heart Rate

Stroke Volume

Cardiac Output

Cardiac Hypertrophy


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BSCS PE

SHORT/LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Short Term Effects: Respiratory System (What happens whilst you are exercising and why?)


Short Term Effect

Breathing Rate / Respiratory Rate

Tidal Volume

Minute Volume

Long Term Effects: Respiratory System (What happens after a long period of training and why?)

Breathing Rate / Respiratory Rate

Tidal Volume

Minute Volume

Rate of Recovery (how long it takes for breathing rate to return to normal)


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BSCS PE

SHORT/LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE: MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Short Term Effects: Muscular System (What happens whilst you are exercising and why?)


Short Term Effect

Muscle Fatigue

Muscle Temperature

Long Term Effects: Muscular System (What happens after a long period of training and why?)

Tolerance to muscle fatigue / lactic acid

Muscular Hypertrophy

Muscle Fibres

DOMS

OBLA


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BSCS PE

THE IMPORTANCE OF WARM UP AND COOL DOWN

What are the benefits of a warm up?

Describe what needs to be included in a warm up:

What are the benefits of a cool down?

Describe what should be included in a cool down:


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BSCS PE

PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING (POT)

SPOR

Explanation of Principle

Examples

Specificity

Progression

Overload

Reversibility

FITT

Explanation of Principle

Examples

Frequency

Intensity

Time

Type


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BSCS PE

ASSESSING THE BODY’S READINESS FOR EXERCISE

Health Screening Test: Definition / Information

Explanation

Resting Heart Rate

Blood Pressure

Cholesterol Level

Body Mass Index (BMI) Page 77 of Text Book

How do you calculate BMI?

Underweight

Healthy weight

Overweight

Obese


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BSCS PE

COMPONENTS OF FITNESS

COF

Definition

Test

Sport

H,A,L

MOT

Scores

CV E

MS

ME

S

F

What important factors should you take into account when carrying out fitness tests?

the validity of tests and measurements to take into account age, fitness levels and ability

the importance of test protocols and health and safety considerations


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BSCS PE

taking into account family history of relevant illnesses and lifestyle of the participant

KEY PROCESS 4: EVALUATING AND IMPROVING

Characteristics of a skilful movement

Characteristic

Explanation

Example

Efficiency

Pre-determined

Co-ordinated

Aesthetic

How can these characteristics help you to judge the quality and effectiveness of a performance?

Video analysis case study:

Watch footage of a skilled movement and compare it to an unskilled movement – what are the differences?


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BSCS PE

KEY PROCESS 5: MAKING INFORMED CHOICES ABOUT HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLES

ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

Nutrient

Source

Function


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BSCS PE

CHARACTERISTICS OF A BALANCED, HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

Balanced diet: describe positive / negative energy balance

Identify the positive / negative result of…

Hydration

Smoking

Limited Alcohol

Over eating

Under eating

Performance enhancing drugs: steroids

Performance enhancing drugs: Blood doping

Summarise the DASED principle:

Current exercise recommendations

Children

Adults

Where did you find this information? Do different organisations have different recommendations?


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BSCS PE

HEALTH / WELL BEING INDICATORS

Indicator

Description / Example

Satisfaction with aspects of life

Frequency of positive and negative feelings

Access to green space

Level of participation in a range of activities

Positive mental health

Case study analysis: apply the indicators to your own life – what do they say about your well-being?


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BSCS PE

METHODS OF TRAINING (MOT)

MOT

Description

Benefit

Circuit Training

Weight Training

Plyometrics

Flexibility Training (e.g. PNF)

Continuous Training

Fartlek Training

Interval Training

Aerobics

Aqua-aerobics

Spin

Pilates

Yoga

Dance Exercise (e.g. Zumba)

Aerobic exercise = uses oxygen

Anaerobic exercise = does not use oxygen

“Candidates should be able to describe how the above types of exercise can help to develop participation and performance in an active, healthy lifestyle by using practical examples”

Example: Aqua aerobics is suitable for 60+ target group as it is a low impact activity and is unlikely to cause

injury.


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BSCS PE

Example: Interval training will develop speed, encouraging a club rugby player to have the performance

levels needed to be effective in a competitive game.

HAZARDS

Potential Hazard (to coach / official /

performer

Description

Gymnasium

Sports Hall

Fitness Centre

Swimming Pool

Artificial Outdoor Area (e.g. Astroturf)

Court Areas

Outdoor Adventurous Areas (e.g. Woods)

MINIMISING RISKS THROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF:

Minimising Risks

Example / Explanation

Correct clothing / footwear

Personal protective equipment

Health and safety procedures

Lifting and carrying equipment safely

Appropriate level of competition

Warm up and cool down


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BSCS PE

Personal hygiene

OPPORTUNITIES, PATHWAYS AND PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Current Patterns and Trends of Participation

Source (e.g. UK SPORT / Sport England)

Number of people participating at recommended levels

Source (e.g. UK SPORT / Sport England)


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BSCS PE

PARTICIPATION LEVELS: MEDIA INFLUENCES

Explanation of media influences (using practical examples)

Explanation of sponsorship and funding (using practical examples)

Effects of sponsorship

Case study analysis: can you research a local sports event that encourages participation? What effect has

sponsorship had?


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BSCS PE

REASONS FOR PARTICPATION:

“Explanation and application of these using practical examples. Candidates should demonstrate an understanding of why they affect participation”

POSITIVE:

Reason

Explanation / Example

Health reasons

Image

Enjoyment

Social / friendship

Hobby

Parental role model / influences

Vocation / profession

NEGATIVE:

Reason

Explanation / Example

Health reasons

Injury

Discrimination

Peer pressure

Cultural

Lack of time

Technological / sedentary lifestyle


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BSCS PE

Lack of confidence / self esteem

Lack of role model / parental support

Lack of opportunity

LOCAL AND NATIONAL PROVISION: IMPACT ON PARTICIPATION

“Application of their roles using practical examples” (e.g. the local authority runs and maintains the leisure centre which runs keep-fit classes)

Provider

Description / Role

Examples

Local Authority

Private Enterprise

National Governing Bodies (NGBs)

Olympic Organisations: International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Olympic Organisations: British Olympic Association (BOA)


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BSCS PE

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLES

Focus: Exercise Levels (e.g. one hour per day)

Source:

Focus: Healthy Eating (e.g. 5 a day)

Source:

Focus: Physical Education and Sport (e.g. 5 hours per week)


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BSCS PE

Source:

FACTORS AFFECTING PARTICIPATION: BARRIERS / TARGET GROUPS

Factor

Explanation / Examples (as many as possible!)

Age

Gender

Education

Family

Ethnicity

Disability

Religion

Environment

Climate

Case study analysis: Interview a person from one of the above groups and find out the barriers they face in

terms of participation in physical activity / sports


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BSCS PE

SCHOOL INFLUENCES ON PARTICIPATION

PE National Curriculum Process

Explanation / Examples

Developing Skills

Making and Applying Decisions

Developing Physical and Mental Capacity

Evaluating and Improving

Making Informed Choices about Lifestyle

ROLE OF SCHOOL IN PROMOTING HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLE

Initiative


Exam courses / qualifications

Extra-curricular programme

Links with clubs / agencies

Health awareness programmes

Case study analysis: Does BSCS promote a healthy, active lifestyle? Review the above initiatives to find out!


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BSCS PE

PATHWAYS FOR INVOLVEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Pathway


PE Lessons

School / Community Opportunities

Roles: Performer, Leader, Coach, Official (Working towards qualifications)

Complex / Challenging Tasks at the Highest Standard Possible

Volunteering


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BSCS PE

Pathways

PE Lessons

School / Community

Opportunities

Coach/Official/Performer

Complex Tasks / Highest

Standard Possible

Volunterring

Documents

GCSE PE (OCR) BRADLEY STOKE COMMUNITY …ks4.bscsrevision.com/uploads/3/0/9/3/30931869/gcse_pe_revision... · Exam B451: An Introduction to Physical Education ... Mental preparation