GB 8978-1996 污水综合排放标准(英文版)

ERM China 1 GB 8978-1996

ICS 13.030.20 Z 60

National Standard of the People’s Republic of China

Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978 - 1996

Issued on 4 October 1996 Effective on 1 January 1998 Issued by: National Environmental Protection Bureau State Technology Supervision Bureau

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Preface This standard revises the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-88). The main revision is the date line provision. The date line replaces the division in the original standard between existing units and new, expanded, or rebuilt units. Time periods are divided by the date when this standard was implemented. Units built before 31 December 1997 are subject to the standards set for the first phase; and units built after 1 January 1998 are subject to the standards set for the second phase. The Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard and industrial discharge standards should not operate concurrently. Wastewater discharged by the following industries is subject to the relevant national industrial standards: paper making industry, shipping, shipping industry, marine petroleum development industry, textile dyeing industry, meat product industry, synthetic ammonia industry, iron and steel industry, utilization of aviation propellants, weapon industry, phosphate fertilizer industry, caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry. All other units who discharge wastewater are subject to this standard. Excluding the twelve industries named above, the seventeen previously issued industrial water pollutant discharge standards listed below are all included in this revised standard. Comparing this standard and the original standard, the standard values of the first phase basically maintain the new, expanded, and altered levels. In order to control the characteristic pollutants and other toxic and harmful pollutants in the seventeen standards included in this revised standard, ten controlling parameters are added into the standard; as to the second phase, forty controlling parameters are added, and the maximum allowable discharge concentrations of parameters such as COD, BOD5, and so on, are more stringent to some extent. This standard, from the day put into effect, will replace GB8978-88 and the following seventeen standards: GBJ48-83 Hospital Wastewater Discharge Standard (Trial)

GB3545-83 Beet Sugar Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB3546-83 Cane Sugar Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB3547-83 Synthetic Fatty Acid Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB3548-83 Synthetic Detergent Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB3549-83 Leather Industrial Water Pollution Discharge Standard

GB3550-83 Petroleum Development Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB3551-83 Petroleum Refining Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB3553-83 Motion Picture Film Processing Water Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB4280-84 Chromate Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB4281-84 Petrochemical Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB4282-84 Sulfuric Acid Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB4283-84 Yellow Phosphorus Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB4912-85 Light Metals Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB4913-85 Heavy Ferrous Metal Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB4916-85 Asphalt Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard

GB5469-85 Freight Train Cleaning Wastewater Discharge Standard Appendices A, B, C, and D are all appendices of this standard. This standard was first issued in 1973 and first revised in 1988. This standard was put forward by the Technology Standards Department of the National Environmental Protection Agency. Explanations of this standard are the responsibility of the National Environmental Protection Agency.


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National Standard of People's Republic of China Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB8978-1996

Replaces GB8978-88 This standard was created in order to carry out the Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China, the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of People's Republic of China, and the Marine Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China and to control water pollution, protect surface water in rivers, lakes, canals, channels, reservoirs and the sea, and protect the quality of groundwater, safeguard the people’s health, ensure ecological balance, promote the development of the national economy and rural and urban construction. 1. Main Contents and Scope of Application 1.1 Main Contents This standard provides the maximum allowable discharge concentrations of 69 water pollutants and the maximum allowable discharge capacities for certain industries, divided by a fixed date, according to the discharge direction of the wastewater. 1.2 The Scope of Application This standard applies to the management of water pollutant discharge of existing work units, including the environmental impact assessment of construction projects, design of environmental protection equipment of construction projects, post-construction inspection, and management of discharge after commencing production. In accordance with the principal that the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard and source-specific discharge standards should not apply concurrently, the paper making industry is subject to the Paper Making Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB3544-92); shipping is subject to the Shipping Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB3552-83); marine industries are subject to the Marine Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB4286-84); the marine petroleum development industry is subject to the Marine Petroleum Development Oil Bearing Industrial Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB4914-85), textile dyeing industry is subject to the Textile Dyeing Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB4287-92); the meat product industry is subject to the Meat Product Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB13457-92); the synthetic ammonia industry is subject to the Synthetic Ammonia Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB13458-92), the iron and steel industry is subject to the Iron and Steel Water Industrial Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB13456-92), the utilization of aviation propellants is subject to the Aviation Propellant Water Discharge Standard (GB14374-93); the weapons industry is subject to the Weapons Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB14470.1 to 14470.3-93 and GB4274 to 4279-84); the phosphate fertilizer industry is subject to the Phosphoric Fertilizer Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB15580-85); and the caustic soda polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry is subject to the Caustic Soda Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC) Industrial Water Pollutant Discharge Standard (GB15581-95). The discharge of other water pollutants is subject to this standard. 1.3 After the issue of this standard, industries with new national industrial water pollutant discharge standards must apply the appropriate national industrial wastewater discharge standard, not this standard.

2. Standards Quoted Articles of the following standards become articles of this standard when quoted in this standard. GB3097-82 Marine Water Quality Standard GB3838-88 Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard GB8703-88 Radiation Protection Rules


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3. Definitions. 3.1 Wastewater: the general name for water discharged during production and living activities. 3.2 Discharge capacity: Refers to the discharge capacity of water used directly in technological production during the production process. This does not include indirect cooling water, wastewater from boilers on factory grounds or power stations. 3.3 All pollution discharging work units: refers to all the work units under the scope of this regulation, which discharge pollutants. 3.4 Other pollution discharging work units: refers to the remaining pollutant discharging units other than those specified for control of specific parameters 4. Technical Contents 4.1 Standard Classifications 4.1.1 Wastewater discharged into a GB3838 Class 3 water area (excluding designated protected areas and scenic areas), and wastewater discharged into a GB3097 Class 2 marine area, must meet Class 1 standards.

4.1.2 Wastewater discharged to a GB3838 Class 4 or 5 area, and wastewater discharged to a GB3097 Class 3 marine area, must meet Class 2 standards.

4.1.3 Wastewater discharged into city and town sewage systems which have a secondary wastewater treatment plant, must meet Class 3 standards.

4.1.4 Wastewater discharged into city and town sewage systems which do not have a secondary wastewater treatment plant, should be subject to provisions in 4.1.1 or 4.1.2 according to the functional requirements of the water area which receives effluent from the sewage system.

4.1.5 The construction of new pollution outlets is forbidden in Class 1 and Class 2 water areas and Class 3 designated protection regions of GB3838; and in Class 1 marine areas of GB3097. Mass loading controls should be implemented on existing outlets in accordance with the functional requirements of the water body in order to ensure that the water quality of the receiving water body conforms with the relevant water quality standard.

4.2 Standard Values 4.2.1 Under this standard, pollutants are divided into two types according to their characteristics and method of control: 4.2.1.1 Sampling for Type 1 pollutants, regardless of industry or discharge method, and regardless of the Class of the receiving water body, should be undertaken at the outlet of the workshop or the workshop treatment facility. The maximum allowable concentration must comply with the requirements of this standard. (The outlet at the tailings dam of a mining operation is not considered to be a workshop outlet.) 4.2.1.2 Sampling for Type 2 pollutants should be conducted at the outlet of the discharging work unit. The maximum allowable concentration must comply with the requirements of this standard. 4.2.2 This standard provides the maximum allowable discharge concentrations of Type 1 and 2 pollutants and the maximum allowable discharge capacities of some industries in different time periods. These are: 4.2.2.1 The discharge of water pollutants from work units constructed before 31 December 1997 (including renovation and expansion), must concurrently implement the provisions in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3. 4.2.2.2 The discharge of water pollutants from work units constructed after 1 January 1998 (including renovation and expansion) must concurrently implement the provisions in Table 1, Table 4, and Table 5.


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4.2.2.3 The construction date (including renovation and expansion) of the work unit is determined by the approval date of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report or the Environmental Impact Form (EIF). 4.3 Other Provisions 4.3.1 If there are two or more types of wastewater at one outlet, and the relevant standards of the two types of water are not the same, the discharge standard of the combined wastewater is determined by Appendix A. 4.3.2 The maximum allowable discharge load of industrial wastewater pollutants should be calculated according to Appendix B. 4.3.3 The maximum allowable total annual pollutant discharge amount should be calculated according to Appendix C. 4.3.4 For the discharge of wastewater containing radiation, the Radiation Protection Regulation (GB8703-88), as well as this standard, should be implemented. 5. Monitoring 5.1 Sampling site The sampling site should be chosen according to the provisions of 4.2.1.1 and 4.2.1.2 for the establishment of Type 1 and 2 pollutant discharge outlets. Discharge outlets should be properly marked with signs, and wastewater flow measurement and wastewater ratio sampling equipment should be installed at the outlet. 5.2 Sampling frequency The frequency of monitoring industrial wastewater is determined by the production cycle. If the production cycle is less than eight hours, sampling frequency is once every two hours. If the production cycle is more than eight hours, sampling frequency is once every four hours. The sampling of other wastewater should not be less than twice every 24 hours. The maximum allowable discharge concentration is calculated by the mean value per day. 5.3 Discharge capacity The discharge capacity is controlled by the maximum allowable discharge capacity or the minimum water recycling rate, and is calculated by the mean value per month. 5.4 Statistics Consumption of raw materials and the production output of an enterprise are determined by the statutory monthly or annual report form. 5.5 Measuring methods The measuring methods of this standard are described in Table 6. 6. Supervision of the Application of the Standard 6.1 The administrative department of the people’s government of a country or higher in charge of environmental protection is responsible for the supervision of the application of this standard. 6.2 If implementation of the national water pollutant discharge standard does not meet local water environmental requirements, the people’s governments of provincial, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government can formulate standards stricter than the national standard, which should be reported to the national administrative department in charge of environmental protection for the record.


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Table 1 - Maximum Allowable Discharge Concentrations for

Type 1 Pollutants Units: mg/L

Number Pollutant Maximum Allowable

Discharge Concentration

1 Total Mercury 0.05

2 Alkyl Mercury below detection limit

3 Total Cadmium 0.1

4 Total Chromium 1.5

5 Chromium (VI) 0.5

6 Total Arsenic 0.5

7 Total Lead 1.0

8 Total Nickel 1.0

9 Benzo(a)pyrene 0.00003

10 Total Beryllium 0.005

11 Total Silver 0.5

12 Total Radioactivity 1 Bq/L

13 Total Radioactivity 10 Bq/L


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Table 2 - Maximum Allowable Discharge Concentrations for

Type 2 Pollutants Units: mg/L

No. Pollutant Scope of Application Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

1 pH All discharging work units 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9

2 Color (dilution ratio) Dyeing Industry 50 180 --

Other discharging units 50 80 --

3 Suspended Solids (SS) Mining, ore dressing, coal

dressing

100 300 --

Vein gold dressing 100 500 --

Alluvial gold dressing in outlying

districts

100 800 --

Urban secondary wastewater

treatment plant

20 30 --

Other discharging units 70 200 400

4 BOD5 Cane sugar processing, ramie

degluing, wet fibre board

industries

30 100 600

Beet sugar processing, alcohol,

MSG, leather, chemical fibre

starch industries

30 150 600


treatment plants

20 30 --

Other discharging work units 30 60 300

5 COD Beet sugar processing, coking,

synthetic fatty acid, wet

fibreboard, dyes, fur treating,

organophosphorus pesticide

manufacturing

100 200 1000

MSG, alcohol, medicines and

medicine raw materials,

biological pharmaceuticals,

leather, chemical fibre starch

industries.

100 300 1000

Petrochemical industry (including

refining)

100 150 500


treatment plants

60 120 --


6 Petroleum

hydrocarbons

All discharging work units 10 10 30

7 Vegetable and animal

oils


8 Volatile Phenols All discharging units 0.5 0.5 2.0

9 Total Cyanides (CN-) Motion picture film processing

(ferrous cyanide)

0.5 5.0 5.0

Other discharging work units 0.5 0.5 1.0

10 Sulphides All discharging work units 1.0 1.0 2.0

11 Ammonium Nitrogen Pharmaceuticals and

pharmaceutical raw materials,

dyes, petrochemical industry

15 50 --

Other discharging work units 15 25 -

12 Fluorides (F-) Yellow phosphorous industry 10 20 20

Low phosphate areas (water

bodies containing < 0.5mg/L)

10 20 30


13 Phosphates (as P) All discharging work units 0.5 1.0 --

14 Formaldehyde All discharging work units 1.0 2.0 5.0



Table 2 - Maximum Allowable Discharge Concentrations for Type 2 Pollutants

Units: mg/L

No. Pollutant Scope of Application Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

15 Aniline All discharging work units 1.0 2.0 5.0

16 Nitrobenzene All discharging work units 2.0 3.0 5.0

17 Anionic Surfactant

(LAS)

Synthetic detergent industry 5.0 15 20

Other discharging work units 5.0 10 20

18 Total Copper (Cu) All discharging work units 0.5 1.0 2.0

19 Total Zinc (Zn) All discharging work units 2.0 5.0 5.0

20 Total Manganese (Mn) Synthetic Fatty Acid 2.0 5.0 5.0

Other discharging work units 2.0 2.0 5.0

21 Color developer Motion picture film processing 2.0 3.0 5.0

22 Total developer and

oxides

Motion picture film processing 3.0 6.0 6.0

23 Phosphorus as a

element

All discharging work units 0.1 0.3 0.3

24 Organophosphorus

pesticide (as P)

All discharging work units below

detection

limit

0.5 0.5

25 Excrement, intestines,

fungus count

Hospitals*, veterinary hospitals,

medical institutions with

wastewater containing pathogens

500

pieces/L

1000

pieces/L

5000

pieces/L

Wastewater from hospitals with

contagious diseases and

tuberculosis

100

pieces/L

500

pieces/L

1000

pieces/L

26 Total excess chlorine

(used for chlorine

disinfection in hospital

wastewater)

Hospitals*, veterinary hospitals,

medical institutions with

wastewater containing pathogens.

<0.5**

>3

(contact

time

1hr)

>2 (contact

time 1hr)

Wastewater from contagious

disease and tuberculosis hospitals

<0.5**

>6.5

(contact

time

1.5hr)

>5 (contact

time

1.5hr)

* Indicates hospitals with over 50 beds.

** After chlorine disinfection, dechlorination should be undertaken to reach the standard.



Table 3 - Maximum Allowable Wastewater Discharge Levels for Industrial Sectors (Work units built BEFORE 31 December 1997)

No. Industrial Sector Maximum Permissible Wastewater Discharge

Amount or Lowest Permissible Recycling Rate

1 Mining Ferrous metals mining Water recycling rate 75%

industry Other mining, ore processing and coal processing

Water recycling rate 90%

Arterial Gravity 16.0 m3/t (ore)

gold Flotation 9.0 m3/t (ore)

dressing Cyanide 8.0 m3/t (ore)

Molten carbon 8.0 m3/t (ore)

2 Coking industry (coal gas factory) 1.2 m3/t (coke)

3 Ferrous metal smelting and metal processing Water recycling rate 80%

4 Oil refining industry (not including direct discharge oil refineries) Breakdown of process types:

> 5000 000t, 1.0 m3/t (crude oil) A. 250~5000 000t, 1.2 m3/t (crude oil)

<2500 000t, 1.5 m3/t (crude oil)

A. Fuel refineries B. Fuel + lubricant oil refineries C. Fuel + lubricant + petrochemical oil refineries

> 5000 000t, 1.5 m3/t (crude oil) B. 250~5000 000t, 2.0 m3/t (crude oil)

<2500 000t, 2.0 m3/t (crude oil)

(includes refineries processing high sulfur crude oil, and oil additives)

> 5000 000t, 2.0 m3/t (crude oil) C. 250~5000 000t, 2.5 m3/t (crude oil)

<2500 000t, 2.5 m3/t (crude oil)

5 Synthetic

Chlorinating method of producing alkali benzene

200.0 m3/t (alkali benzene)

detergent industry

Splitting method of producing alkali benzene


Alkali benzene to produce synthetic detergent


6 Synthetic fatty acid industry 200.0 m3/t (product)

7 Industry using the wet method of producing fibre board

30.0 m3/t (board)

8 Sugar Cane sugar processing 10.0 m3/t (sugar cane)

industry Beet sugar processing 4.0 m3/t (sugar beets)

9 Leather Wet salt pig skin 60.0 m3/t (raw hide)

industry Dry cow skin 100.0 m3/t (raw hide)

Dry sheep skin 150.0 m3/t (raw hide)

10 Fermenta Alcohol Corn as raw material 100.0 m3/t (alcohol)

-tion and Industry Potato as raw material 80.0 m3/t (alcohol)

brewing Molasses as raw material 70.0 m3/t (alcohol)

industry MSG industry 600.0 m3/t (MSG)

Beer industry (wastewater amount does not include malt water)

16.0 m3/t (beer)

11 Chromate industry 5.0 m3/t (product)

12 Sulfuric acid industry (water washing method) 15.0 m3/t (sulfuric acid)

13 Ramie degluing industry 500 m3/t (raw flax) or 750 m3/t (dry refined flax)

14 Chemical fibre industry Unbleached: 150 m3/t (pulp) Bleached: 240 m3/t (pulp)

15 Glue fibre industry

Short fibre (cotton type medium length fibre, wool type medium length fibre)

300 m3/t (fibre)

Long fibre 800 m3/t (fibre)

16 Freight train washing 5.0 m3/carriage

17 Motion picture film development 5 m3/1000 m (35mm film)

18 Petroleum bitumen industry Recycling rate of cooling pond water: 95%



Table 4 - Maximum Allowable Discharge Concentrations for Type 2 Pollutants

(Work units constructed AFTER 1 January 1998) Units: mg/L

No. Pollutant Application Scope Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

1 pH All discharging work units 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9 6 ~ 9

2 Color (dilution ratio) All discharging work units 50 80 -

3 Suspended Solids (SS) Mining, ore dressing, coal dressing

industries

70 300 -

Arterial gold dressing 70 400 -

Alluvial gold dressing in outlying

districts

70 800 -

Urban Secondary wastewater

treatment plants

20 30 -

Other discharging industries 70 150 400

4 BOD5 Beet sugar processing, ramie de-

gluing, wet method fibre board, dyes,

fur treating industries

20 60 600

Cane sugar processing, alcohol, MSG,

leather, chemical fibre starch

industries

20 100 600


treatment plants

20 30 -


5 COD Beet sugar processing, synthetic fatty

acid, wet method fibre board, dyes, fur

treating, organophosphorus pesticide

industries

100 200 1000

MSG, alcohol, pharmaceuticals and

pharmaceutical raw materials,

biological pharmaceuticals, ramie

degluing, leather, chemical fibre starch

industries

100 300 1000

Petrochemical industry (including

refining)

60 120 500


treatment plants

60 120 -


6 Petroleum

hydrocarbons


7 Vegetable and animal

oils


8 Volatile Phenols All discharging work units 0.5 0.5 2.0

9 Total Cyanides (CN-) All discharging work units 0.5 0.5 1.0

10 Sulphides (S=) All discharging work units 1.0 1.0 1.0

11 Ammonium Nitrogen Pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical

raw materials, dyes, petrochemical

industries

15 50 -


12 Fluorides (F-) Yellow phosphorous industry 10 15 20

Low phosphate areas (water bodies

containing <0.5mg/L phosphate)

10 20 30


13 Phosphates (as P) All discharging work units 0.5 1.0 -

14 Formaldehyde All discharging work units 1.0 2.0 5.0

15 Aniline All discharging work units 1.0 2.0 5.0

16 Nitrobenzene All discharging work units 2.0 3.0 5.0

17 Anionic

Surfactant(LAS)

All discharging work units 5.0 10 20



Table 4 - Maximum Allowable Discharge Concentrations for Type 2 Pollutants (Work units constructed AFTER 1 January 1998)

Units: mg/L


18 Total Copper (Cu) All discharging work units 0.5 1.0 2.0

19 Total Zinc (Zn) All discharging work units 2.0 5.0 5.0

20 Total Manganese (Mn) Synthetic fatty acid industry 2.0 5.0 5.0

Other discharging industries 2.0 2.0 5.0

23 Phosphorus as an

element


24 Organophosphorus

pesticide

All discharging work units below

detection

limit

0.5 0.5

25 Dimethoate (Rogor) All discharging work units below

detection

limit

1.0 2.0

26 Parathion All discharging work units below

detection

limit

1.0 2.0

27 Methyl parathion All discharging work units below

detection

limit

1.0 2.0

28 Malathion All discharging work units below

detection

limit

5.0 10

29 Pentachlorophenol and

Santobrite (as

Pentachlorophenol)

All discharging work units 5.0 8.0 10

30 Absorptive Organic

Halide (as Cl)


31 Chloroform All discharging work units 0.3 0.6 1.0

32 Carbon Tetrachloride All discharging work units 0.03 0.06 0.5

33 Chlorylene All discharging work units 0.3 0.6 1.0

34 Tetrachloroethylene All discharging work units 0.1 0.2 0.5

35 Benzene All discharging work units 0.1 0.2 0.5

36 Methylbenzene All discharging work units 0.1 0.2 0.5

37 Ethylbenzene All discharging work units 0.4 0.6 1.0

38 o-Xylene All discharging work units 0.4 0.6 1.0

39 Paraxylene (p-Xylene) All discharging work units 0.4 0.6 1.0

40 m-Xylene All discharging work units 0.4 0.6 1.0

41 Chlorobenzene All discharging work units 0.2 0.4 1.0

42 o-Dichlorobenzene All discharging work units 0.4 0.6 1.0

43 p-Dichlorobenzene All discharging work units 0.4 0.6 1.0

44 p-Nitrochlorobenzene All discharging work units 0.5 1.0 5.0

45 2,4-

Dinitrochlorobenzene


46 Oxybenzene All discharging work units 0.3 0.4 1.0

47 m-Oxytoluol All discharging work units 0.1 0.2 0.5

48 2,4-Chlorophenol All discharging work units 0.6 0.8 1.0

49 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol All discharging work units 0.6 0.8 1.0

50 Dibutyl (o-) phthalate All discharging work units 0.2 0.4 2.0

51 Dioctyl (o-) phthalate All discharging work units 0.3 0.6 2.0

52 Acrylonitrile All discharging work units 2.0 5.0 5.0

53 Total Selenium (Se) All discharging work units 0.1 0.2 0.5

54 Excrement, intestines,

fungus count

Hospitals*, veterinary hospitals and

medical institutions with wastewater

containing pathogens

500

pieces/L

1000

pieces/L

5000

pieces/L

Wastewater from contagious disease 100 500 1000



Table 4 - Maximum Allowable Discharge Concentrations for Type 2 Pollutants (Work units constructed AFTER 1 January 1998)

Units: mg/L


and tuberculosis hospitals pieces/L pieces/L pieces/L

55 Total excess chlorine

(used for chlorine

Hospitals*, veterinary hospitals and

medical institutions with wastewater

containing pathogens

<0.5**

>3 (contact

time 1hr)

>2 (contact

time 1hr)

Disinfectant in hospital

wastewater

Wastewater from contagious disease

and tuberculosis hospitals

<0.5**

>6.5

(contact

time

1.5hr)

>5 (contact

time

1.5hr)

56 Total Organic Carbon

(TOC)

Synthetic fatty acid industry 20 40 -

Ramie degluing industry 20 60 -


Note: Other discharging work units: refers to all work units not specified in the controlled

parameter

* Refers to hospitals with more than 50 beds ** After chlorine disinfection, dechlorination should be undertaken to reach the standard.



Table 5 - Maximum Allowable Wastewater Discharge Levels for Industrial Sectors

(Work units constructed AFTER 1 January 1998)

No. Industrial Sector Maximum Allowable Wastewater Discharge Amount or Lowest Permissible Recycling Rate

1 Mining Ferrous metals mining Water recycling rate 75%

industry Other mining, ore processing and coal processing

Water recycling rate 90% (coal dressing)

Arterial Gravity 16.0 m3/t (ore)

gold Flotation 9.0 m3/t (ore)

dressing Cyanide 8.0 m3/t (ore)

Molten carbon 8.0 m3/t (ore)

2 Coking industry (coal gas factory) 1.2 m3/t (coke)

3 Ferrous metal smelting and metal processing Water recycling rate 80%

4 Oil refining industry (not including direct discharge oil refineries) Breakdown of process types:

> 5000 000t, 1.0 m3/t (crude oil) A. 250~5000 000t, 1.2 m3/t (crude oil)

<2500 000t, 1.5 m3/t (crude oil)

A. Fuel refineries B. Fuel + lubricant oil refineries C. Fuel + lubricant + petrochemical oil refineries

> 5000 000t, 1.5 m3/t (crude oil) B. 250~5000 000t, 2.0 m3/t (crude oil)

<2500 000t, 2.0 m3/t (crude oil)

(includes refineries processing high sulfur crude oil, and oil additives)

> 5000 000t, 2.0 m3/t (crude oil) C. 250~5000 000t, 2.5 m3/t (crude oil)

<2500 000t, 2.5 m3/t (crude oil)

5 Synthetic

Chlorination method of producing alkali benzene


detergent industry

Splitting method of producing alkali benzene


Alkali benzene to produce synthetic detergent


6 Synthetic fatty acid industry 200.0 m3/t (product)

7 Industry using the wet method of producing fibre board

30.0 m3/t (board)

8 Sugar Cane sugar processing 10.0 m3/t (sugar cane)

industry Beet sugar processing 4.0 m3/t (sugar beets)

9 Leather Wet salt pig skin 60.0 m3/t (raw hide)

industry Dry cow skin 100.0 m3/t (raw hide)

Dry sheep skin 150.0 m3/t (raw hide)

10 Fermenta Alcohol Corn as raw material 100.0 m3/t (alcohol)

-tion and Industry potato as raw materials 80.0 m3/t (alcohol)

brewing molasses as raw materials 70.0 m3/t (alcohol)

industry MSG industry 600.0 m3/t (MSG)

Beer industry (wastewater amount does not include malt water)

16.0 m3/t (beer)

11 Chromate industry 5.0 m3/t (product)

12 Sulfuric acid industry (water washing method) 15.0 m3/t (sulfuric acid)

13 Ramie degluing industry 500 m3/t (raw flax) 750 m3/t (dry refined flax)

14 Glue fibre industry

Short fibre (cotton type medium length fibre, wool type medium length fibre)

300.0 m3/t (fibre)

Long fibre 800.0 m3/t (fibre)

15 Chemical fibre industry Unbleached: 150 m3/t (pulp) Bleached: 240 m3/t (pulp)

16 Pharmac Penicillin 4700 m3/t (Penicillin)

-eutical Streptomycin 1450 m3/t (Streptomycin)

industry Terramycin 1300 m3/t (Terramycin)

and Achromycin 1900 m3/t (Achromycin)

pharma Jiemycin 9200 m3/t (Jiemycin)

-eutical Aureomycin 3000 m3/t (Aureomycin)

raw Gentamicin 20400 m3/t (Gentamicin)

materials Vitamin C 1200 m3/t (Vitamin C)

Chloramphenicol 2700 m3/t (Chloramphenicol)

Sulfamehoxazole (SMZ) 2000 m3/t (SMZ)



Table 5 - Maximum Allowable Wastewater Discharge Levels for Industrial Sectors (Work units constructed AFTER 1 January 1998)

No. Industrial Sector Maximum Allowable Wastewater Discharge

Amount or Lowest Permissible Recycling Rate

Vitamin B1 3400 m3/t (Vitamin B1)

Analgin 180 m3/t (Analgin)

Phenacetin 750 m3/t (Phenacetin)

Foroxohe 2400 m3/t (Foroxohe)

Caffeine 1200 m3/t (Caffeine)

17 Organo- Dimethoate 700 m3/t (product)

phosph- Methyl parathion water phase 300 m3/t (product)

orus Parathion (P2 S5 method ) 500 m3/t (product)

pesticide Parathion (PS Cl3 method ) 550 m3/t (product)

industry Dichlorvos 200 m3/t (product)

Dipterex 40 m3/t (product) (not including wastewater from acetochloral production)

Malathion 700 m3/t (product)

18 Herbic- Nitrofen 5 m3/t (product)

ide Santobrite 2 m3/t (product)

industry Pentachlorophenol 4 m3/t (product)

MCPA 14 m3/t (product)

2,4-D 4 m3/t (product)

Butuchlor 4.5 m3/t (product)

Chlorotoluron (reduced by Fe ) 2 m3/t (product)

Chlorotoluron (reduced by Na2 S ) 3 m3/t (product)

19 Thermal power industry 3.5 m3/(MWh)

20 Freight train washing 5.0 m3/carriage

21 Motion picture film development 5 m3/1000m (35mm film)

22 Petroleum bitumen industry Recycling rate of cooling pond water: 95%



Table 6 - Measuring Methods

No. Parameter Measuring Method Origin of

Method

1 Total Hg Cold- vapor Atomic Absorption Photometry GB7468-87

2 Alkyl Mercury Gas Chromatography GB/T14204-93

3 Total Cd Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) GB7475-87

4 Total Cr Potassium Permanganate-Diphenyl-carbohydrazide Spectrophotometric Method

GB7466-87

5 Cr6+ Diphenyl-carbohydrazide Spectrophotometric Method

GB7467-87

6 Total As Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate Spectrophotometric Method

GB7485-87

7 Total Pb Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) GB7475-87

8 Total Ni Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Diacetyldioxime Spectrophotometry

GB11912-89 GB19910-89

9 Benzo(a)pyrene Acetylation Filter Paper Chromatography Fluorescence Spectrophotometry

GB11895-89

10 Total Be Activated Carbon Adsorption -Chrome Azurol S Photometry

1)

11 Total Ag Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry GB11907-89

12 Total Physical Method 2)

13 Total Physical Method 2)

14 pH Glass Electrode Method GB6920-86

15 Color Dilution Method GB11903-89

16 SS Gravimetric Method GB11901-89

17 BOD5 Dilution & Inoculation Method Potassium Dichromate Ultraviolet Photometric Method

GB7488-87

18 COD Potassium Dichromate Method GB11914-89

19 Oils Infrared photometry GB/T16488-1996

20 Grease Infrared photometry GB/T16488-1996

21 Volatile phenol 4-aminoantipyrine Spectrophotometry after distillation

GB7490-87

22 Total CN- Silver Nitrate Titration GB7486-87

23 Sulfide Methylthionine Chloride Spectrophotometry GB/T16489-1996

24 Ammonia Nitrogen Nessler’s Reagent Colorimetric Method Distillation & Titration Method

GB7478-87 GB7479-87

25 Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode Method GB7484-87

26 Phosphate Molybdenum Blue Colorimetric Method 1)

27 Methanol Acetylacetone Spectrophotometry GB13197-91

28 Aniline & its Derivative N-Ethylene Diamine Azo Spectrophotometry GB11889-89

29 Nitrobenzene & its Derivative

Reduction-Azo Colorimetry or Spectrophotometry 1)

30 Anionic Surfaceactive Agent

Methylene Blue Spectrophotometry GB7494-87

31 Total Cu Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Sodium Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Spectrophotometric Method

GB7475-87 GB7474-87

32 Total Zn Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Dithizone Spectrophotometry

GB7475-87 GB7472-87

33 Total Mn Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Potassium Periodate Spectrophotometry

GB11911-89 GB11906-89

34 Color Developing Agent

169 Color Former Method 3)

35 Developing Agent & Total Oxide

Iodostarch Colorimetry 3)

36 Elemental Phosphorus Phosphor Molybdenum Blue Colorimetry 3)

37 Organophosphorus Pesticide (as P)

Measurement of Organophosphorus Pesticide GB13192-91

38 Rogor Gas Chromatography GB13192-91

39 Parathion Gas Chromatography GB13192-91

40 Methyl Parathion Gas Chromatography GB13192-91



Table 6 - Measuring Methods

No. Parameter Measuring Method Origin of Method

41 Malathion Gas Chromatography GB13192-91

42 PCP & Sodium Pentachlorophenate (as PCP )

Gas Chromatography Safranine T Spectrophotometry

GB8972-88 GB9803-88

43 AOX ( as Cl ) Micro Coulometry GB/T15959-95

44 Chloroform Gas Chromatography

45 Carbon Tetrachloride Gas Chromatography

46 Chlorylene Gas Chromatography

47 Carbon Dichloride Gas Chromatography

48 Benzene Gas Chromatography GB11890-89

49 Methylbenzene Gas Chromatography GB11890-89

50 Ethylbenzene Gas Chromatography GB11890-89

51 o-Dimethylbenzene Gas Chromatography GB11890-89

52 p-Dimethylbenzene Gas Chromatography GB11890-89

53 m-Dimethylbenzene Gas Chromatography GB11890-89

54 Chlorobenzene Gas Chromatography

55 o-Dichlorobenzene Gas Chromatography

56 p-Dichlorobenzene Gas Chromatography

57 p-Nitrochlorobenzene Gas Chromatography GB13194-91

58 2,4-Nitrochlorobenzene Gas Chromatography GB13194-91

59 Phenol Gas Chromatography

60 m-Oxytoluod Gas Chromatography

61 2,4-Dichlorophen Gas Chromatography

62 2,4,6-Trichlorophen Gas Chromatography

63 Dibutyl phthalate Gas or Liquid Chromatography

64 Dioctyl phthalate Gas or Liquid Chromatography

65 Acrylonitrile Gas Chromatography

66 Total Se 2,3-Diamino Naphthalene Fluorescence Method GB11902-89

67 Fecal Coliform Bacteria Amount

Multi-tube Fermentation Method 1)

68 Chlorine Residual Amount

N,N-Diethyl-1,4-phenylene Diamine Spectrophotometry N,N-Diethyl-1,4-phenylene Diamine Titration Method

GB11898-89 GB11897-89

69 TOC Non-Dispersion Infrared Absorption Method Direct Ultraviolet Fluorescence Method

Note: 1) Water and Wastewater Monitoring Analysis Methods (3rd edition) 2) Technical Norm for Environmental Monitoring (Radiation Section) 3) See Appendix D



Appendix A: If there are two or more types of wastewater at one outlet and the discharge standards of the two types of water are not the same, the maximum allowable discharge concentration of the pollutant in the combined wastewater concentration (CWC) can be determined as follows:

CWC =

C Q Y

Q Y

i i ii

n

i ii

n

1

1

In the formula: CWC = the maximum allowable discharge concentration of a pollutant in the combined wastewater, mg/L;

Ci = the maximum allowable discharge concentration of a pollutant in each type of industrial wastewater, mg/L;

Qi = the maximum allowable discharge capacity of each type of the wastewater, m3/t (product)

(for industries not governed by this standard, the maximum permitted discharge capacities can be determined by the negotiation between the local environmental protection department and related department);

Yi = the production amount of a type of product (t/day calculated by the monthly mean value).

Appendix B: The maximum allowable discharge load (MDL) of a pollutant in industrial wastewater can be determined as follows: MDL = C x Q x 10-3 In the formula MDL = the maximum allowable discharge load of a pollutant in the industrial wastewater, kg/t (product);

C = the maximum allowable discharge concentration of a pollutant, mg/L;

Q = the maximum allowable discharge capacity of an industry, m3/t (product).

Appendix C: The maximum allowable annual discharge amount (MAD) of a pollutant can be determined as follows: MAD = MDL x Y x 10-3 In the formula: MAD = the maximum allowable discharge load of a pollutant, kg/t (product); MDL = the maximum allowable discharge amount of a pollutant, kg/t (product); Y = the approved annual production quantity of a product, t (product)/year.



Appendix D:

A. Measurement of the total amount of the chromatic developer - 169 Color Former Method

The chromatic developer in the integrated wastewater from film processing is very difficult to detect. Chinese and international methods generally are only suitable for the detection of the developer in the cleaning water of the developing liquid. This method can rapidly detect chromatic developer in integrated wastewater. If there are several types of chromatic developers in the wastewater, the amount ascertained through this method is the total amount of the several types of developers. 1. Principle The chromatic developer in wastewater from motion picture film processing can be oxidized by oxidant. When the oxide meets water-soluble color former in basic solution, the two will immediately couple into dye. The maximum absorption wavelengths of the dyes formed with developers of differing structures (TSS, CD-2, CD-3), through coupling with 169 color former, are all 550nm, and in the range of 0 to 10mg/L conform with Beer’s Law. Take TSS as an example, the reaction can be described as follows: [Translation Note: See Chinese version for figure.] 2. Instruments and equipment 721 - type or similar type spectrophotometer with 1cm-sized colorimetric groove 50ml, 100ml, and 1000ml volumetric flasks. 3. Reagents (1) Color former of 0.5%: weigh out 0.5g 169 color former and put it into a beaker with 100ml

distilled water inside, put 1 or 2 grains of sodium hydroxide, agitating during the process until it completely dissolves.

(2) Combined oxidant solution : dissolve successively CuSO4¡¤5H2O 0.5g, Na2CO3 5.0g and NaNO2 5.0g into distilled water.

(3) Standard solution: weigh out precisely 100mg photographic chromatic developer (the type used most in production), dissolve it into a small amount of distilled water. Having dissolved 100mg Na2CO3 as the protective reagent, transport the solution into volumetric flasks of 1000ml, and then add distilled water into the flask to full scale, so the concentration of the standard solution is 0.1 mg/ml. The standard solution should be prepared before use. 4. Steps: (1) Drawing standard curve Put different amount of the standard solution into six volumetric flasks of 50ml, as described below:

Number Volume of standard solution (ml)

Equivalent concentration of developer (mg/L)

0 1 2 3 4 5

0 1 2 3 4 5

0 2 4 6 8 10

Add 1ml of color former solution into each of the six volumetric flasks, then add distilled water to the full scale. Next, put 1 ml of combined oxidant solution into each flask, shake the flasks to get even solution. In five minutes, measure the optical densities of the different dyes at the wavelength of 550nm with spectrophotometer (take the No. 0 sample as zero), then draw the



optical density curve taking the concentration of the developer as the content of the horizontal coordinate which is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10mg/L. (2) Measurement of the water sample Take a 20 ml sample and add it into two volumetric flasks of 50ml each. One is the sample to be measured, the other is a blank sample. Add 1ml color former solution into the former sample, then add distilled water into the flasks to the full scale. After these, follow the steps described above in the drawing of the standard curve. Take the blank sample as zero, measure out the optical density of the water sample and get the corresponding concentration from the standard curve. 5. Calculation The concentration from the standard curve x 50/a = the total amount of chromatic developer in the wastewater (mg/L) In the formula: a = the volume of the wastewater sample, ml. 6. Points to Note: (1) The purplish red dye produced is stable in eight minutes, so the measurement should be taken within five minutes of producing the dye. (2) This method is not suitable for black and white developer. B. Measurement Method of the total amount of the developer and its oxide Because there is an uncertain amount of potassium ferricyanide bleach liquor in the motion picture film processing wastewater, which can oxidize part or all of the discharged developer, there are two possibilities for the wastewater: having both developer and its oxide in it, or just having a large amount of oxide and no developer in it. The result of this method is the total amount of the developer and the oxide as to the first possibility, or the amount of the original developer oxide in the water. 1. Principle Commonly used developer generally has a structure similar to hydrochinone, perinal and ursol, and will change into parabenzodiquinone by oxidization and hydration. We can measure its amount by iodimetric titration after oxidization by Bromine or chlorbromine. Take metol as an example: [Translation Note: See Chinese version for figure.] Quinone is a fairly strong oxidant. In an acid solution, iodide ions will reduce parabenzodiquinone quantitatively into hydrochinone. 2. Instrument and equipment 721-typed or similar typed spectrophotometer 2cm sized colorimetric groove volumetric flasks of 50ml thermostatic water bath pot graduated sucking tube of 2ml, 5ml, and 10ml 3. Reagent

(1) 0.1M potassium bromate - potassium bromide solution: weigh out 2.8g potassium bromate and 4.0g potassium bromide, and dissolve to 1L in distilled water.

(2) 1:1 phosphoric acid : dissolve phosphoric acid into distilled water of the same weight.

(3) Sodium chloride saturation solution: weigh out 40g sodium chloride, and dissolve into 100ml of distilled water.

(4) 20% potassium bromide solution: weigh out 20g sodium chloride, and dissolve into 100ml of distilled water.

(5) 5% phenol solution: weigh out 5ml phenol, and dissolve into 100ml of distilled water.



(6) 5% potassium iodide solution: weigh out 5g potassium iodide, and dissolve into 100ml of distilled water. (prepare when needed, place the solution in darkness)

(7) 0.2% starch solution: weigh out 1g soluble starch and combine with a small amount of water, then pour into 500ml boiling water and keep boiling for five minutes. 0.2g ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid can be added in summer.

(8) Preparing standard solution: Weigh out 0.276g hydrochinone (molecular weight 110.11g), or 0.861g photographic metal (molecular weight 344.40g), or 0.656g photographic TSS (molecular weight 262.33g), (the weight of the chemical can be determined according to its molecular weight and pureness), and dissolve it into 25ml of 6M HCl, then transfer it into a volumetric flask of 250ml and add water to full scale, so the concentration will be 0.100M. 4. Steps

1) Drawing standard curve

(1) Take 25ml of standard solution and dilute it into 1000ml, so the concentration of hydrochinone is 0.00025M. (referred to as solution A)

(2) Take 25ml of solution A and dilute it into 250ml, so the concentration of hydrochinone is 0.000025M. (referred to as solution B)

(3) Add into six volumetric flasks of 50ml the following amount of diluted standard solution (solution B): 0;0.1;0.2;0.3;0.4;0.5 mmol (that is 4.0; 8.0; 12.0; 16.0; 20.0 ml of solution B), and pour some distilled water into the flasks to get solutions of 20ml or so.

(4) Add 2ml of 1:1 phosphoric acid into each flask with a graduated sucking tube.

(5) Add 5ml of sodium chloride saturation solution into each flask with sucking tube.

(6) Add 2ml of 0.1M potassium bromate - potassium bromide solution into each flask, trying not to splash it onto the wall of the flask, then wash the wall with little water and shake the flask to even concentration. The solution should be light yellow chlorbromide. Leave the solution in a thermostatic water bath pot at 35C for 15 minutes.

(7) Take 2ml of 20% potassium bromide solution and pour it into the volumetric flask along its wall. Shake it to even concentration and leave it in a thermostatic water bath pot at 35C for 5 to 10 minutes .

(8) Add 1ml of 5% phenol solution quickly into the flask and shake it to even concentration immediately until the color of bromine disappears. (If added slowly, white sediment will appear, making colorimetric analysis impossible.)

(9) Cooling : cool the solution in tap water for three minutes.

(10) Add 2ml of 5% potassium iodate solution into each flask, then wash the wall with a little water and put it into a dark cupboard for five minutes.

(11) Take 0.2% starch indicator and pour into a volumetric flask, add distilled water to full scale and put it into a dark cupboard for 20 minutes.

(12) Measure out the optical densities of the five solutions at the wavelength of 570nm with spectrophotometer (take the blank solution as zero) using 2cm colorimetric groove, then draw the standard curve, the abscissa is 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 µmol/50ml.

2) Measurement of the water sample Put some water sample (about 1 to 10ml ) into a volumetric flask of 50ml, add distilled water to about 20ml. At the same time, add 20ml of distilled water into another volumetric flask for reagent blank sample. Then follow steps (4) through (12), measure out the optical density of the sample and get the micro mole number per 50ml solution. 3) Measurement of the water sample which needs to suppress interference If there is hexavalent chromium in the sample, which will interfere the measurement, NaNO2 can be used to reduce Cr+6 into Cr+3, after reduction use excessive urea to suppress the interference of NaNO2. Precisely weigh out some water sample (about 1 to 10ml ) and pour it into a volumetric flask of 50ml, then add distilled water to 20ml or so and 2ml of 1: 1 phosphoric acid and three drops of

10% NaNO2, shake the flask sufficiently and put it in a thermostatic water bath pot at 35C for 15 minutes. Add 2ml of 20% urea, shake the flask sufficiently, and put it in a thermostatic water



bath pot at 35C for 10 minutes. Then follow steps (4) through (12), measure out the optical density of the sample, and get the micro mole number per 50ml solution . 5. Calculation The developer and its oxide in the water sample (by hydrochinone) can be determined as follows:

Cmol ml

sample volume mlmg L

/

( )( / )

50 1101000

6. Points of Note

(1) This experiment involves many steps and takes considerable time, therefore requires careful operation.

(2) The necessary glass containers should be cleaned by rinsing liquor.

(3) The temperature of the water bath should be kept at 35C, ± 1C, strictly and the reaction time of each step should be controlled correctly.

(4) Wash the wall of the volumetric flask after adding potassium bromate - potassium bromide, otherwise the residual potassium bromate will react with potassium iodine and iodine will be produced which will increase the optical density.

(5) The water sample does not need treatment and can be measured directly if there is no chromium ion in it.

(6) If the sample is too thick, dilute it before measurement. C. Measurement of element phosphorus - phosphorus molybdenum blue colorimetric method The mechanism of this method: elemental phosphorus, extracted by benzene, will be oxidized into phosphomolybdic acid which will be reduced to blue complex by stannous chloride. The sensitivity of this method is higher than the vanadium phosphorus molybdenum blue colorimetric method, it is easy to enrich the element phosphorus, and there is less interference so that the reliability of the measurement while the concentration of element phosphorus is less than 0.1mg/L is improved. There is no obvious interference to the measurement when the amounts of arsenide, silicide, and sulfide are 100, 200 and 300 times as much as the amount of elemental phosphorus. Instrument and reagents : Instrument: spectrophotometer; 3cm colorimetric vessel Colorimetric tube : 50ml Separating funnel : 60, 125, 250ml Ground conical flask : 250ml Reagents : The following reagents are all analytical chemicals: benzene, perchloric acid, potassium bromate, glycerin, stannous chloride, ammonium molybdate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, butyl acetate, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, anhydrous alcohol, phenothalein indicator. Preparation of solutions : Potassium dihydrogen phosphate standard solution: weigh out 0.4394g of dried potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dissolve it into a small amount of water, then transfer it into a volumetric flask of 1000ml, and add distilled water to full scale. The PO4

-3 -P concentration of the solution produced is 0.1mg/ml. Take 10ml of this solution and pour it into a volumetric flask of 1000ml, and add distilled water to full scale. This is the standard solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate PO4

-3-P of 1µg/ml. Potassium bromate - potassium bromide solution: dissolve 10g of potassium bromate and 8g of potassium bromide into 400ml of water. 2.5% ammonium molybdate solution: dissolve 2.5g of ammonium molybdate into 70ml of 1:1 sulfuric acid. When the ammonium molybdate dissolves, add 30ml of water into the solution.



2.5% stannous chloride glycerin solution: dissolve 2.5g of stannous chloride into 100ml of glycerin (water bath heating can be employed to accelerate dissolution). 5% ammonium molybdate solution: dissolve 12.5g of ammonium molybdate into 150ml of water, when it is completely dissolved, slowly pour it into 100ml of 1:5 nitric acid solution. 1% stannous chloride solution: dissolve 1g stannous chloride into 15ml of hydrochloric acid, then add 85ml of water and 1.5g of ascorbic acid into it. (This solution can be kept for 4 to 5 days.) 1% sulfuric acid solution, 1:5 nitric acid, 20% sodium hydroxide. Steps of measurement : A) If the concentration of phosphorous in wastewater is greater than 0.05mg/L, direct water phase colorimetric method should be employed. The provided operations are : Pretreatment of water sample :

(A) Extraction: pour 10 to 100ml of water sample into a separating funnel of 125ml or 250ml with 25ml of benzene in it, shake it for five minutes and leave it static for stratification. Transfer the water phase into another separating funnel with 15ml in it, leave it static after shaken for two minutes, then discard the water phase and pour the benzene phase into the first funnel. After this, add 15ml of water and leave it static after it has been shaken for 1 minute, then discard the water phase. Do the water rinsing six times to the benzene phase.

(B) Oxidization: add 10 to 15 ml of potassium bromate solution and 2ml of 1:1 sulfuric acid solution into the benzene phase, leave it static for two minutes after it has been shaken for five minutes, then add 2ml of perchloric acid into it, shake it for five more minutes, then transfer it into a conical flask of 250ml and heat it on an electric heating plate to remove the excess perchloric acid and bromine (take care not to splash or dry it).


Documents

GB 8978-1996 污水综合排放标准(英文版)