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SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h Sc
ienc
e
54 G
ases
in
Dry
Air
Per
cen
tag
eb
y V
olu
me
0.93
0.03
6
0.00
18
0.00
052
0.00
015
0.00
011
0.00
005
Oth
erG
ases
Arg
on
Car
bon
diox
ide
Neo
n
Hel
ium
Met
hane
Kryp
ton
Hyd
roge
n
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h Sc
ienc
e
55 E
ffec
ts o
f A
ir P
oll
uta
nts
on
Hu
man
s
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
Diz
zine
ss a
ndhe
adac
hes
Eye,
nos
e, a
ndth
roat
irri
tatio
n
Lung
dis
ease
s
Che
st p
ains
Coug
h
Alle
rgie
s
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h Sc
ienc
e
56 D
ensi
ty o
f A
ir a
t Tw
o A
ltit
ud
es
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h Sc
ienc
e©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Stratosphere12 to 50 km
Ionosphere80 to 550 km
Thermosphereabove 80 km
Mesosphere50 to 80 km
Troposphere 0 to 12 km
57 Layers of the Atmosphere
Exosphereabove 550 km
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Sola
r en
erg
y is
most
ly v
isib
le li
gh
ta
nd
infr
are
d r
ad
iati
on
,w
ith
a s
ma
ll a
moun
t of
ult
ravi
ole
t ra
dia
tion
.C
loud
s, d
ust
, an
d g
ase
sin
th
e a
tmosp
her
ere
flect
an
d s
catt
er li
gh
t.
Ga
ses
an
d p
art
icle
sin
th
e a
tmosp
her
ea
bso
rb s
ola
r en
erg
y.
Eart
h’s
surf
ace
ab
sorb
s so
lar
ener
gy.
Th
is e
ner
gy
hea
ts t
he
lan
d a
nd
wa
ter.
Som
e en
erg
y th
at
rea
ches
the
surf
ace
is r
efle
cted
ba
ck in
to t
he
atm
osp
her
e.
Som
e of th
e a
bso
rbed
en
erg
y is
th
enra
dia
ted
ba
ck in
to t
he
atm
osp
her
e.
58 E
ner
gy
in t
he
Atm
osp
her
e
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
60 Global Winds
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Cumulusclouds
Cumulo-nimbusclouds
Nimbostratusclouds
Cirrusclouds
Cirrus
Cirrocumulus
Altocumulus
Altostratus
Cumulonimbus
Stratus
Nimbostratus
Cumulus
Fog
61 Clouds
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
Mari
tim
e tr
opic
al
Cont
inen
tal
pol
ar
Mari
tim
e pol
ar
Mari
tim
epol
ar
Mari
tim
etr
opic
al
Cont
inen
tal
trop
ical
62 N
ort
h A
mer
ican
Air
Mas
ses
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
63 C
old
Fro
nt
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
64
War
m F
ron
t
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
65 O
cclu
ded
Fro
nt
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
66 C
lou
ds
and
Win
ds
in a
Hu
rric
ane
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
67
Wea
ther
Map
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce©
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c.
68 N
ewsp
aper
Wea
ther
Map
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
69
Th
e Se
aso
ns
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
Jun
e
Dec
emb
er
Sep
tem
ber
Mar
ch
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
70
Wo
rld
Cli
mat
e R
egio
ns
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
71 C
lim
ate
Gra
ph
fo
r W
ash
ing
ton
, D
.C.
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.
SCIE
NC
E EX
PLO
RER
Eart
h S
cien
ce
72 E
xte
nt
of
No
rth
ern
Hem
isp
her
e G
laci
atio
n
©Pr
entic
e-H
all,
Inc.