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INSTALLATION NETWORK INC.
ASMITA DUBEY 9796924JAVIER HUERTAS 1508758RAHUL PAUL 6224865ROY BADER 9766227XIANG SHENG TAO 9755209
GAS TURBINE DESIGN PRESENTATION
DESIGN PROCESS
• Cycle analysis and calculation of inlet and outlet conditions of each components, component work, SHP, Thermal efficiency and SFC
Cycle calculations
• From the ranges given, choose the best combination that can match or approach the required efficiency.
• Generate the Geometry(No of vanes and blades, gas and metal angles etc..)
• Off design performance
HPT design
• Factory standard cost Vs stage efficiency• Acquisition cost Vs operational cost• Optimum design (compromise between efficiency and cost)Trade study
PART ACYCLE CALCULATION
HPT entry temperature
1233 K
PT work 952.89 KW
SFC .38 Kg/Kwh
Thermal Efficiency 25 %
From the cycle calculation we obtained the key parameters,
At the Inlet of the LPC we are using the International Standard Atmosphere table to obtain the static pressure and assuming static pressure = stagnation pressure
• We are considering the effect of the HPT Vane cooling air to obtain To at the blade inlet
• At LPT inlet we are neglecting the effect in temperature of disk cooling air
KEY PARAMETERS
Variable LPC Inlet LPC Outlet HPC Inlet HPC
OutletCombustor
InletCombustor Outlet
HPT Inlet Vane
HPT Inlet Blade
HPT Outlet Blade
LPT Inlet LPT Outlet PT Inlet PT
OutletExhaust Inlet
Exhaust
Outlet
Mass flow (lb/sec) 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 10.80 11.02 11.02 11.62 11.62 11.80 11.80 11.92 11.92 12.04 12.04
Po (bar) 0.875 3.50 3.50 10.50 10.50 10.34 10.34 9.99 4.24 4.24 2.10 2.08 0.888 0.888 0.875
To (K) 296.48 462.10 462.10 662.56 662.56 1233.90 1233.901200.13
1017.00 1017.00 868.02 868.02 714.25 714.25 714.25
W (kW) 904.80 1095.16 1106.22 913.94 952.89
PART CHPT DESIGN
INSTALLATION NETWORK TEAM
HPT DESIGN
LOSS
CAL
CULA
TIO
NS
& E
FFIC
IEN
CYG
EOM
ETRI
C PA
RAM
ETER
SH
UB
& T
IP
DES
IGN
PA
RAM
ETER
S
MEA
NLI
NE
DES
IGN
PA
RAM
ETER
SIN
PUT
DAT
A
YES
NO
BLADE LOSS COEFFICIENTSKp*fRe + Ks + KTE
FREE VORTEX DESIGN
HUB & TIP VELOCITY
TRIANGLES
VANE GEOMETRYHUB, MEANLINE
AND TIP
START
PART A CYCLE CALCULATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS (GIVEN)
ηtt CALCULATION
ηtto (Tip Clearance = 0)
VANE LOSS COEFFICIENTSKp*fRe + Ks + KTE
DESIGN VARIABLES SET-UP
Kclr calculation
ηtt
AMDC LOSS SYSTEM
ηtt & GEOMETRY
OPTIMAL?
BLADE GEOMETRYHUB, MEANLINE
AND TIP
VELOCITY TRIANGLES AT INLET & EXIT OF EACH COMPONENT
GASPATH SCHEMATICS
END DESIGN
HPT Design – Input data
DESIGN VARIABLES SET-UP
START
GASPATH SCHEMATICS
CHARACTERISTICS (GIVEN)
VELOCITY TRIANGLES AT INLET & EXIT OF EACH COMPONENT
PART A – HPT CYCLE CALCULATIONS
Component Parameter ValueInlet Mach number 0,125Inlet Swirl relative to axial (deg) -10Exit Mach number 0,3 to 0,45Exit Swirl (deg) 10 to 30Target field life (hours) 5000Aspect ratio 0,7Zweifel Coefficient at mean 0,70 to 0,80Trailing edge thickness minimum (in) 0,045Aspect ratio 1,45Zweifel Coefficient at mean 0,85 to 0,95Trailing edge thickness minimum (in) 0,025
Blade Containment Consideration
AN^2 NOT exceed 4 x 10^10Rim Speed limit 1200 ft/s
GIVEN CHARACTERISTICS
Stage
Vane
Blade
Parameter ValueExit Mach number 0,45Exit Swirl (deg) 20Zweifel Coefficient at mean vane 0,70
Zweifel Coefficient at mean blade 0,85Reaction: (T2-T3) / (T1-T3) 0,4AN^2 4E+10Rim Speed (ft/s) 1200
Design Variables Set-up
ASSUMPTIONS
Assumptions • Po,To at Vane outlet = Po, To at Blade Inlet• Cx Hub = Cx Mean = Cx Tip ( applying free vortex theory)• Incidence and deviation = 0 (as design conditions)• Because of variable section at vanes we are using r average and h average for vane design• For Loss Calculation we are following the Kacker & Okapuu Loss Prediction Model
explained in class.• Delta tc/h = 1,8%
Critical values• AN^2=maximal (4 x10^10) to obtain the high efficiency• Rim speed (U hub) maximal = 1200 ft/s to obtain high efficiency• Vane Zweifel coefficient at mean=0,7 (using minimum value to maximize quantity of
vanes)• Blade Zweifel coefficient at mean=0,85 to reduce blade loading
Meanline Design Parameters
1 2 3
Vane Inlet Blade Inlet Blade Outlet
mass flow (lb/s) 11,02 11,62 11,62To (R) 2221,02 2160,23 1830,61
T (R) 2215,26 1944,42 1770,91
Po (bar) 10,34 9,99 4,24
P (bar) 10,23 6,56 3,71
Mn 0,13 0,82 0,45
Mn rel 0,28 0,94densité (lb/ft^3) 0,1809 0,123 0,082
A (in^2) 31,654 23,957 23,957
U (ft/s) 1376,00 1376,00
alpha (deg) -10,00 72,10 20,00beta (deg) 26,35 63,21
C (ft/s) 281,40 1721,35 905,76
Ca (ft/s) 277,13 529,02 851,14
Cw (ft/s) -48,86 1638,04 309,79
V (ft/s) 590,36 1888,47
φ 0,38 0,62
ψ 2,83
R 0,40
VELOCITY DIAGRAM (meanline)
Variable
HUB & TIP VELOCITY TRIANGLES
Ca constant with radius r&
Cw * radius = constant
FREE VORTEX DESIGN
Hub & Tip Design Parameters
YES
NO
HUB & TIP VELOCITY TRIANGLES
BLADE GEOMETRYHUB, MEANLINE AND TIP
ηtt CALCULATION
VANE GEOMETRYHUB, MEANLINE AND TIP
ηtt & GEOMETRY
OPTIMAL?
Geometric Parameters
Vane geometry Hub Mean Tip
Airfoil count 22 22 22
Axial chord (in) 0,88 0,88 1,01
Leading edge diameter (in) 0,04 0,04 0,04
Trailing edge diameter (in) 0,05 0,05 0,05
Stagger angle (deg) 56,78 56,78 51,22
Metal angle (deg) inlet= -10 ; exit = 74,27 inlet= -10 ; exit = 72,10 inlet= -10 ; exit = 69,98
Throat opening (in) 0,34 0,34 0,40
Radio (in) 3,36 3,93 4,49
Blade geometry Hub Mean Tip
Airfoil count 49 49 49
Axial chord (in) 0,65 0,59 0,42
Leading edge diameter (in) 0,02 0,02 0,02
Trailing edge diameter (in) 0,03 0,03 0,03
Stagger angle (deg) 18,47 29,73 51,56
Metal angle (deg) inlet= 52,07 ; exit = 61,31 inlet= 26,35 ; exit = 63,21 inlet= -10,71 ; exit = 65,02
Throat opening (in) 0,18 0,23 0,22
Radio (in) 3,36 3,86 4,35
Loss Calculation and Efficiency
YES
ηtt
END DESIGN
BLADE LOSS COEFFICIENTSKp*fRe + Ks + KTE
AMDC LOSS SYSTEM
VANE LOSS COEFFICIENTSKp*fRe + Ks + KTE
ηtto (Tip Clearance = 0)
ηtt & GEOMETRY
OPTIMAL?
Kclr calculation(Assuming delta tc/h = 1.8%)
Off-Design
Considerations• U at meanline reduced by 10%• Mass flow = Mass flow design• Alpha2 = Alpha 2 Design• Beta 3 = Beta 3 Design• C2 = C2 Design• Ca2= Ca2 Design• Pitch = Pitch Design
Methodology• Kp and Ks are calculated from Moustapha et al.
Correlation for Turbine Airfoils• fRe, KTE and Kclr are calculated from the
results from the new velocity triangles
Results• Incidence of 10.72 degrees• KT in the blades increase from 0.1 to 0.16• Efficiency reduces to 85,6%
PART DHPT DESIGN TRADE OFF'S
MATERIAL and FSC TO CUTOMER
Blade stress σ = (2⫪ρAN²)
Economical benefits
Blade material
Acquisition Cost
Overhauling Cost
TOTAL
X 16660 2,40,000 256660
Y 12495 3,20,000 332495
Z 29155 1,60,000 189155
Acquisition cost
Overhauling cost
Total cost0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
XYZ
FACTORY STANDARD COST VS. STAGE EFFICIENCY
Selection of best concept.
86.5 87 87.5 88 88.5 89 89.5 90 90.5
-200000
-100000
0
100000
200000
300000 Savings ($)
Savings ($)
Fuel cost($)
HPT effi-ciency(%)
THANK YOU !