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Gas Liquefaction
Katherine D’Ambrosio
Liquefaction
The refinery process of converting natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer chain hydrocarbons such as gasoline or diesel fuel
Methods
Compress the gas at temperatures less than its critical temperature
Make the gas do work against an external force, causing the gas to lose energy and change to a liquid state
Make gas do work against its own internal forces, causing it to lose energy and liquefy.
Cascade process - use one liquefied gas to liquefy another
Joule-Thomson effect - compress and then rapidly expand the gas
Liquefaction Temperatures
Liquid Natural Gas (LNG)
Cooled until it Liquefies @ -160°C
Reduces volume 600 times
Colorless, Odorless and Non-Toxic
Safe to transport and store
Shipped and Stored at Atmospheric Pressure
LNG Chain
Gas Well
FieldProcessing
TransmissionPipeline
Liquefaction
Shipping
ReceivingTerminal
Market
Natural Gas Liquefaction Process
Compression
RefrigerantLoop
LNG
GASGAS
Storage
Treatmentand
Purification
-161ºC
•Removes condensate, CO2, Mercury, and H2S
•Causes dehydration
Environmental Advantages
Virtually no ash, sludge or hazardous waste is produced
Particulate emissions are approximately 95% less than burning coal
Over Coal, Distillate and Naphtha LNG has lower: Sulfur dioxide emissions (by 100%), Nitrogen Oxide emissions (by 75%) Carbon Dioxide emissions (by 50%)
Questions?