© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.1

New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve

Date: March 30, 2016

Steve Long

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

Introduction – Background Information

• First differential valves used widely in 1930’s & 40’s

• 1944 King Injection Pressure Operated Valve (IPO)

• New differential valve designs - 1990’s & 2000’s

• 2012 Weatherford development for Shell HPHT

• 2014 Weatherford New 1.5” Differential Valve

• 2016 Weatherford RH-2 XHP IPO Valve (5000 psi)

2May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

Why Bother with Differential Valves?

• Can operate at varying injection gas pressures

3

• No Bellows

• Not temperature sensitive

• Good flow characteristics

• Simplicity in design and handling

3May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

New Weatherford 1.5” Differential Valve

• Complete redesign similar to a velocity type safety valve

• Positive results from flow testing

• Closes on predetermined differential pressure

• Reopens at lower differential pressure than original closing differential

• Considerations

– Specific unloading and kick-off procedures

– Surveillance and planning

44May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

New 1.5” Differential Valve Flow Path

55May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.6

New 1.5” Differential Valve

Patent Pending

Inlet

Ports

Flow

Tube

ChokeSpringCheck

Valve

Flow

Through

Latch

Sealing

Head

6May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.7

New 1.5” Differential Valve Mechanics – Open Position

Patent Pending

Differential

Closing Pressure=

Spring Force

ID Area of flow-tube – ID area of choke

Friction

Factor

Differential

Closing Pressure= Casing Pressure – Tubing Pressure

Where:

Flow Tube IDChoke IDSpring

Force

Casing

Pressure

7May 16 - 20, 2016

Tubing

Pressure

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.8

New 1.5” Differential Valve Mechanics – Closed Position

Patent Pending

Differential

Reopening Pressure

Spring Force

ID Area of flow-tube =

Where:

Differential

Reopening Pressure = Casing Pressure – *Tubing Pressure

Note: If check is spring loaded check valve and the sealing head with a positive seal is

used, then trapped pressure inside the flow-tube instead of tubing pressure applies

Flow Tube IDSpring

force

8May 16 - 20, 2016

Casing

Pressure

Tubing

Pressure

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

Weatherford Gas Lift Valve Test Skid at R&D Lab

99May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.10

New 1.5” Differential Valve – Test #57 Close

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0 10 20 30 40 50F

low

Ra

te (

Ms

cfd

)

Pre

ss

ure

(p

si)

Time (s)

Patent Pending

• .313” Choke

• ~1520 upstream/casing

• Closed at 680 psi

downstream

• 840 psi differential

closing pressure

• 2.9 MMSCF/Day at

close

10May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.11

New 1.5” Differential Valve – Test #57 Reopen

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 20 40 60

Pre

ssu

re (

psi)

Time (s)

Patent Pending

• .313” Choke

• 450 psi Reopen

11May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

Example Well Data

12

Tubing Size 5.5”

Mid Perforations 10,000’

Static BHP 5000 psi

Completion Fluid Gradient .500 psi/ft

Productivity Index 5

Water Cut 50%

Water Specific Gravity 1.07

Formation GOR 200:1

Wellhead Back Pressure 200 psi

Injection Pressure 1500 to 2000 psi

Injection Gas Specific Gravity .70

Injection Gas Volume Requirement 3 to 5 MMSCF/Day

Production Rates** *10,000 BFPD with 1500 psi injection pressure

*12,000 BFPD with 2000 psi injection pressure

12May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

Example Well Differential Valve Design

13

True

Vertical

Depth

(feet)

Valve Type Choke Size

(inches)

Differential

Close

(psi)

Differential

Reopen

(psi)

2800’ Differential 16/64” 1050 650

4800’ Differential 20/64” 750 450

6200’ Differential 22/64” 750 400

7600’ Differential 24/64” 750 400

9000’ Orifice 24/64” NA

*The above spacing is based on minimum of 1500 psi injection pressure

and maximum 2000 psi

13May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.14

Stage 1 – New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve Unloading

2800’

6200’

7600’

9000’

• Well is loaded with completion fluid.

• All differential valves are open

• The orifice valve remains open at all times

4800’

Open

Open

Open

Open

Always Open

14May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.15

Stage 2 – New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve Unloading

2800’

6200’

7600’

9000’

• Injection gas is started to unload well

• Differential valves open

4800’

1000 psi

Open

Open

Open

Open

Always Open

15May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.16

Stage 3 – New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve Unloading

2800’

6200’

7600’

9000’

• Injection gas enters top differential valve at 2800’

4800’

1500 psi

Open

Open

Open

Open

Always Open

16May 16 - 20, 2016

1050 ∆P close

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.17

Stage 4 – New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve Unloading

2800’

6200’

7600’

9000’

• Fluid level in casing continues to drop as gas is injected in top

differential valve at 2800’

4800’

1500 psi

Open

Open

Open

Open

Always Open

17May 16 - 20, 2016

1050 ∆P close

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.18

Stage 5 – New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve Unloading

2800’

6200’

7600’

9000’

• Injection gas enters 2nd differential valve at 4800’

• Top and 2nd differential valves will be injecting gas simultaneously

• Sufficient injection gas volume will have to be maintained

4800’

1500 psi

Open

Open

Open

Open

Always Open

18May 16 - 20, 2016

750 ∆P close

1050 ∆P close

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.19

Stage 6 – New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve Unloading

2800’

6200’

7600’

9000’

• Differential valve at 2800’ closes

• Injection point is at 4800’ as unloading continues

4800’

1500 psi

Closed

Open

Open

Open

Always Open

19May 16 - 20, 2016

1050 ∆P close, 650 ∆P reopen

750 ∆P close

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.20

Stage 7 – New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve Unloading

6200’

7600’

9000’

• Injection gas enters 3rd differential valve at 6200’

• 2nd and the 3rd differential valves will be injecting gas simultaneously

• Sufficient injection gas volume will have to be maintained

1500 psi

Closed

Open

Open

Open

Always Open

20May 16 - 20, 2016

2800’

4800’

1050 ∆P close, 650 ∆P reopen

750 ∆P close

750 ∆P close

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.21

Stage 8 – New 1.5” Differential Gas Lift Valve Unloading

6200’

7600’

9000’

• The differential valve at 4800’ closes

• The injection point stabilizes at 6200’

• Production rate of ~10,000 BFPD

1500 psi

5/23/2016

Closed

Closed

Open

Check Closed

Check Closed

6200’

2800’

4800’

1050 ∆P close, 650 ∆P reopen

750 ∆P close, 450 ∆P reopen

750 ∆P close

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.22

Stage 9 – Unloading Complete for 2000 psi Injection Pressure

2800’

6200’

7600’

9000’

• The differential valve at 7600’ closes

• Injection point stabilizes at 9000’

• Production rate is ~12,000 BFPD

4800’

2000 psi

5/23/2016

1050 ∆P close/650 ∆P reopen

750 ∆P close/450 ∆P reopen

750 ∆P close/400 ∆P reopen

750 ∆P close/400 ∆P reopen

Closed

Closed

Closed

Closed

Open

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

Questions?

2323May 16 - 20, 2016

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.2424

© 2006 Weatherford. All rights reserved.2525