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Navigation solutions powered by Europe
GALILEO System StatusESA Galileo Project OfficeWorkshop Satellietnavigatie Haarlem
HSB / NIN / VPN / GIN12 December 2014
12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 2
Galileo
European Global Navigation Satellite System with 30 satellites
Constellation• Walker 24/3/1 constellation
plus 6 in-orbit spares• Semi-major axis
29600.318 km• Inclination 56 deg• Period: 14h 4m 42s• Ground track repeat cycle
10 days / 17 orbits
Galileo Deployment Plan
System TB v1Algorithms validation
Galileo System Testbed v2GIOVE-A and -B Satellites
and ground operations
In-Orbit Validation4 operational satellites
and initial ground infrastructure
Full Operational Capability30 operational satellites
and complete ground infrastructure
Initial Operational Capability18 operational satellites
and improved operational ground infrastructure
3
2002
2005
2013
20xx
20xx
Galileo services
Open Access
Commercial
Search and Rescue
Public Regulated
Free (as GPS)Mass market
Under developmentAccess controlled by CS provider High accuracyNear real-time relay of distress alarms to improve existing search and rescue services.Return link feasible
Controlled access to governmentauthorized-users onlyHigh availability
GPS L1GPS L5 GPS L2 Glonass G2
Galileo Navigation Signals: OverviewE5a Signal:
Data+PilotMod.: BPSK
Rc=10.23 McpsRs=50 sps
Open Services
E5b Signal:Data+Pilot
Mod.: BPSKRc=10.23 Mcps
Rs=250 spsOpen Services
E6-A Signal:Mod.: BOCc(15,2.5)Public Regulated
Service
E6-B/C Signal:Data+Pilot
Mod.: BPSK OverlayRc=5.115 McpsRs=1000 sps
Commercial Service
E1-A Signal:Mod.: BOCc(15,2.5)Public Regulated
Service
E1-B/C Signal:Data+Pilot
Mod.: CBOC OverlayPower Ratio 10/1
Rc=1.023 McpsRs=250 sps
Open Services
1278.750 MHz 1575.420 MHz1191.795 MHz86.955MHz
15.345MHz
296.67MHz
15.345MHz
E5 combined signal:AltBOC(15,10)
Frequency
Aligned and interoperable with future GPS (modernized L1C and L5) signals, by carrier frequency and modulation
12 December, 2014
Document Title 6
Galileo IOV Satellite (PFM, FM2, FM3 & FM4)
SPACECRAFT PropertiesMass at Launch (incl. Propellant)Power ConsumptionDimensions:LifetimeOrbit InjectionAttitude Profile
~700 kg1420 W
2.74 x 14.5 x 1.59 m12 yearsDirect into MEO orbit Yaw Steered
EADS Astrium GmbHEADS Astrium Ltd
Thales Alenia Space – Italy
SAR Rx antenna(406 MHz, array)
SAR Tx antenna(L band)
Navigation antenna(L band, array)
Uplink antenna(C band)
FM1/2 + FM3/4 differences• SAR Transponder (not
on FM 1/2)• NSGU
12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 7
Satellite Atomic Clocks
Passive Hydrogen MaserThe most stable and accurate Looses no more than 0.5 ns in 12h,i.e. 1s in 3 millions of year
Rubidium Looses 3s in 1 million of years
Error in time Error in distance1 s 300 000 000 m
1 ms (0.001 s) 300 m1 ns (0.000000001 s) 0.3 m
12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 8
Noumea ULS/GSS
Galileo Ground Segment
9| The European GNSS Programmes 9
Troll GSSTroll GSS
Svalbard ULS/GSS/MEOLUTSvalbard ULS/GSS/MEOLUT
Kiruna GSS/TTCKiruna GSS/TTC
Redu GSS/IOT/TTCRedu GSS/IOT/TTC
Fucino GSSFucino GSS
Reunion TTC/ULS/GSSReunion TTC/ULS/GSS
Kourou TTC/ULS/GSS
Kourou TTC/ULS/GSS
Noumea TTC/ULS/GSS
Noumea TTC/ULS/GSS
16 GSS*5 ULS
4 + 1 TT&C1 IOT
3 MEOLUT
Jan Mayen GSSJan Mayen GSS
Kerguelen GSSKerguelen GSSFalkland GSS Falkland GSS
St Pierre et Miquelon GSS
St Pierre et Miquelon GSS
Ground Stations Network (Feb 2014)
Papeete ULS/GSSPapeete ULS/GSS
LarnacaMEOLUTLarnacaMEOLUT
Wallis GSSWallis GSS
Azores GSSAzores GSS
Ascension GSSAscension GSS
MaspalomasMEOLUT
MaspalomasMEOLUT
12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 1
Galileo Ground Segment – Remote Stations
Kerguelen GSS Svalbard GSS
Kiruna TTC
Noumea GSS
Kourou TTC-ULS
12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 1
Galileo Control Centers
Ground Mission Segment in Italy
Ground Control Segment in Germany
Galileo Constellation Status (12 Dec. 2014)
GSAT0101 GSAT0102 GSAT0103 GSAT0104
SV ID 11 12 19 20
Orbital Slot B05 B06 C04 C05
Clock PHM PHM PHM RAFS
TechnicalStatus Healthy Healthy Healthy
Unavailable from 2014-05-27
(NAGU 2014014)
Min Received Power
(Public SIS ICD)
E5 HPA degradation recoverable by
using redundancy
E1 compliant
E1+E5 compliant E1+E5 in temporary back off
E1 output stage degradation
E5 not available
SAR N/A N/A SAR Transponder ON
SAR Transponder ON
Signal and Message Availability
Availability[%]
Ranging Signal
HealthyMessage
GSAT0101 93.5 63.4
GSAT0102 92.6 75.3
GSAT0103 99.9 94.3
GSAT0104 30.9 28.1
Availability affected byGSAT0104 off since 27/5GSAT0101/2 ASW update
SHS OK since Dec 3rdnav msg reports healthy status when satellites are healthy
Ranging Accuracy
Ranging Accuracy impacted bySatellite maintenance operationsSporadic infrastructure events: e.g. GSS tracking anomalies, PTF outage/re-configurationSignificant improvement in the last months
Satellite 67% [m]GSAT0101 0.98GSAT0102 0.85GSAT0103 1.07GSAT0104 1.4
Overall ranging accuracy (67 percentiles)
Galileo for Precise TimingGalileo provides both precise positioning and timing
Timing is available for a fixed user already with one Galileo satellite in view
Galileo disseminates the international reference timescale Universal Coordinated Time (UTC)
The internal Galileo time reference Galileo System Time (GST) is closely steered to UTC (modulo 1 second) and the GST-UTC conversion parameters are provided in the Galileo navigation messageThis allows Galileo users to measure the time and frequency offset of the local clock versus UTC
As a contribution to the interoperability with GPS, Galileo determines and broadcasts Galileo GPS Time Offset (GGTO) in coordination with the U.S. Naval Observatory
UTC System Satellite User
UTC Dissemination
Planned Outage due tohandover from UTC(INRIM)
Overall good performance of ~7ns (95%)GST-UTC requirement 30ns (95%)
Galileo-GPS Time Offset
Expected GGTO accuracy 7ns (95%) Removal of ~10ns bias still to be applied
For Galileo Single-Frequency users: NeQuick Model
Climatological (monthly mean) model of electron density 3D (as opposed to single-layer ionospheric models SBAS, Klobuchar)Driven by monthly-mean Solar Flux F10.7
Recommended by ITU-R for propagation predictionBased on profiles of ionospheric layersAdapted in Galileo for nowcasting based on recent observations
Hochegger, G., B. Nava, S.M. Radicella and R. Leitinger (2000): A family of ionospheric models for different uses,Phys. Chem. Earth, 25 (4), 307-310.Radicella, S.M. and R. Leitinger, “The evolution of the DGR approach to model electron density profiles”, Adv. Space Res., Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 35-40, 2001.
Ionosphere correction capability (%)
doy 127/2013 doy 080/2014
85%
79.2 %
81.6 %
74.4 %
GPS broadcast
Galileo broadcast
FOC SatellitesOverall SpacecraftMass at LaunchPower ConsumptionDimensions:LifetimeOrbit InjectionAttitude Profile
733kg1900 W2.5 x 1.1 x 14.7 m wing span12 yearsDirect into MEO orbit Yaw Steered
S/C Prime Contractor OHB Systems GmbHP/L Prime Contractor SSTL Ltd
WO1 + WO2 = 22 satellites
Both spacecraft are safe and in stable conditions and handed-over to GCC-D on 27-28 SepGSAT201 target orbit manoeuvres completedand NAV Payload commissioning almost completedGSAT202 in SAM (Sun Acquisition Mode);manoeuvres not yet started and Payload off (as planned)
Satellite 5 and 6 Status
GSAT201
GSAT202
VS9 Orbit injection non-nominal
New orbit: Resonant 20 days/ 37 rev
20 days repeat cycle, easy insertion in routine planning (!)Ground track first 10 days sat 5 = second 10 days sat 637 revolutions, good global coverage, similar to 19/10Higher Perigee than other resonant candidates
Reference Current Target
Semi-major axis [km] 29599.80 26180.99 27977.9Eccentricity 0.0001 0.2326 0.1544Inclination [deg] 56 49.8 49.8Apogee height [km] 23224.624 25892.55 25919.55Perigee height [km] 23218.704 13713.29 17280.11
Nominal ground track (10days/17revs) SAT 5/6 ground track (20days/37revs)
3 Nov: Normal Mode (i.e. Earth pointing attitude), but perigee crossings with Gyro-only control7-16 Nov: 9 large maneuvers (one/day)18 Nov: Perigee crossing with Earth Sensor control with the Nadir antenna pointing accuracy required for navigation purposes
Satellite 5 Orbit Raising Manoeuvres
SAT5 IOT: First FOC Signal in Space Since 30.11.2014 all carriers modulated (GSAT201)
GSAT5 demonstrated usable for positioning
• GSAT5 acquired and tracked by the Septentrio Test User Receivers. Correlation plots show Signal in good shape!
• On 9/12/2014, 1st position fix using Galileo SAT 5 and off-line nav msg!!
Redu High Gain Antenna
Redu Test User
Receiver Rack
SAT 5-6: SiS Analysis on Target OrbitTest User Receivers (TUR) capable to perform therequired satellite navigation performance testingExpectations confirmed by preliminary test campaign with commercial receivers
Signal in space could be usable by most of the commercial receivers (e.g. mass market) with minimal impact on performance Impact of the Doppler range is expected to be limited, but very much dependent on the implemented technology. This may result in an increasing cold acquisition time or an reduced satellite SIS availability. Potential lack of valid almanac or increased cold sky search time is expected to be anyway very much mitigated in real operational scenarios by the availability of alternative orbital elements.
Reference orbit
Currentorbit
Apogee
Perigee
SAT5-6 Outlook
In-Orbit-Testing in the target orbit almost completedPreparation of Programme Decision to provide Navigation and SAR services, after completion of In-Orbit-Testing. Target scenario:
Nominal RF signals, Dummy Navigation Msg broadcastEphemerides and Clocks prediction via GNSS Service CentreAssisted Positioning and Navigation
SAT5-6: Availability of Accuracy
Average user location performances are excellent>80% Improvement up to L8 when using Sat 5/6
FOC Satellites Production at OHB Bremen
Galileo FOC Satellite Qualification at ESA, NL
Launch Campaign at CSG Kourou
Autonomous Operations
Satellites Integration on the Launcher Dispenser
Satellites Encapsulation in the Launcher fairing
FOC Satellites Production Status (17 Nov‘14)
FM3 and FM4 under testing at ESA ESTEC Test Facility till mid Nov.’14 FM5 in ESA ESTEC Test Facility since 29 Oct.’14FM6 in OHB SAR-LUPE (island 6) and planned to arrive in ESA ESTEC TF by mid December 2014FM7 in OHB SAR-LUPE Hall (island 5a)FM8 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 4b)FM9 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 3b)FM10 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 4a)FM11 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 3a)FM12 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 2)FM13 - FM22 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 1)
Enhanced Launch capability
SOYUZ ARIANE 5
FOC Performance evolution
IOV demonstrated that Galileo worksFOC satellite deployment is well under way
OHB satellite production progressing wellSAT5 and 6 mission recovery under waySAT7 and 8 being made ready for launch
Launcher service contracts signed with Arianespace:
Soyuz: 7 launches for 14 satellites (incl. the launches in 2011, 2012 and 2014)Ariane 5: 3 launches for 12 satellites
Satellite constellation deployment will proceed based on Soyuz/Ariane5 launch capability
Conclusions