Gagne’s Conditions of

LearningRobert Mills

Gagne’

Generalization• Gagne’s Theory deals with all

aspects of learning.• Theory focuses on Intellectual

Skills• Utilized to design instruction

in all domains• Earlier versions focuses on

Military Training• Latest versions looked into

the role of Instructional Technology in Learning

Gagne’s First PrincipleDifferent instruction is required

for different learning outcomes

Attitudes

Motor skills Cognitiv

e Strategi

es

Intellectual

Skills

Verbal Informati

on

Verbal Information• Stating facts, names, labels, or

describing organized bodies of knowledge

Conditions1. Draw attention to distinctive

features by variations in print speech

2. Presents information so that it can be made into chunks

3. Provide meaningful context for effective encoding of information

4. Provide cues for effective recall and generalization of information

Intellectual Skills• Using discriminations, concrete and

defined concepts, and rules and rule orders to solve problems– Discriminations- – Concrete Concepts-– Defined Concepts– Rules– Higher Order Rules

Intellectual SkillsCondition1. Call attention to distinctive features2. Stay within the limits of working memory3. Stimulate the recall of previously learned

component skills.4. Present verbal cues to the ordering or

combination of component skills5. Schedule occasions for practiced and spaced

review.6. Use of variety of context to promote transfer

Cognitive Strategies• Employing personal ways to guide

learning, thinking, acting and feelingConditions1. Describe or demonstrate the

strategy2. Provide a variety of occasions for

strategy using the strategy3. Provide informative feedback as to

the creativity or originality of the strategy or outcome

Attitudes• Choosing of personal actions based on internal

states of understanding and feelingConditions1. Establish expectancy of success associated with

the desired attitude.2. Assure student identification with an admired

human model.3. Arrange for communication or demonstration of

choice of personal action.4. Give feedback for successful performance; or allow

observation of feedback in the human model

Motor Skills• Executing performances with the use of

musclesConditions1. Present verbal or other guidance to cue

the executive subroutine.2. Arranged repeated practice3. Furnish immediate feedback as to the

accuracy of performance4. Encourage the use of mental practice

Gagne’s Second PrincipleLearning Hierarchies define what

intellectual skills are to be learned and a sequence of instruction.

6-Concept information 5-Discriminations

4-Use of terminology

3-Procedure

following2 -Response generation 1-Stimulus recognition

Gagne’s Third PrincipleEvents on learning operate on the

learner in ways that constitute the conditions of learning called as the Nine Instructional Events

Gagne’s Nine Instructional Events

(9 )Enhancing retention and transfer

(generalization)

(8) Assessing performance (Retrieval)

(7 )Providing feedback (Reinforcement)

(6) Eliciting performance (Responding) (5) Providing learning guidance

(Semantic encoding)

(4 )Presenting the stimulus (Selective perception)

(3) Stimulating recall of prior learning

(Retrieval)

(2 )Informing learners of the objective (Expectancy)

(1) Gaining attention

(Reception)

Nine instructional events &corresponding

cognitive processes:

Lesson Example Instructions

Shows an example diagram & Asks learners questions about diagramming.

1. Gaining Attention

Teacher says, "Today I am going to show you how to use a multimedia presentation."

2. Informing the Learner of the Objective

What they have learned previously.Teacher associates the knowledge with lesson at hand.

3. Stimulating Recall of Prior Learning

Teacher gives students step -by-step discussion group

4. Presenting the Stimulus

Teacher demonstrates how to create a diagram on the video projection screen/TV monitor.

5. Providing Learner Guidance

Teacher asks students to demonstrate tools

6. Eliciting Performance

Teacher gives immediate feedback to learners after eliciting responses.

7. Giving Feedback

Assign a practice activity 8. AssessingPerformance

Teacher asks learners to create activities

9. Enhancing Retention & Transfer