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fzpjk;Mrpupau;; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
juk; Ie;J
Kd;gps;isg;gUt tpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muk;gf; fy;tpj;;JiwKd;gps;isg;gUt tpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muk;gf; fy;tpj;;JiwKd;gps;isg;gUt tpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muk;gf; fy;tpj;;JiwKd;gps;isg;gUt tpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muk;gf; fy;tpj;;JiwKd;gps;isg;gUt tpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muk;gf; fy;tpj;;Jiw
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
kfufkkfufkkfufkkfufkkfufk
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jpUj;jpa Kjw;gjpg;GjpUj;jpa Kjw;gjpg;GjpUj;jpa Kjw;gjpg;GjpUj;jpa Kjw;gjpg;GjpUj;jpa Kjw;gjpg;G ----- 2 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 9
© KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ. KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ. KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ. KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ. KOg; gjpg;GupikAilaJ.
mr;Rg;gjpg;G: rhg; fpugpf; `t;]; jdpahu; epWtdk;mr;Rg;gjpg;G: rhg; fpugpf; `t;]; jdpahu; epWtdk;mr;Rg;gjpg;G: rhg; fpugpf; `t;]; jdpahu; epWtdk;mr;Rg;gjpg;G: rhg; fpugpf; `t;]; jdpahu; epWtdk;mr;Rg;gjpg;G: rhg; fpugpf; `t;]; jdpahu; epWtdk;
ii
gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp
Muk;gf; fy;tpg; gUtk; vd;gJ gps;is tpUj;jpapd; jPu;f;fkhd xU fl;lkhFk;.
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ntw;wpfukhd xU gpuirahfr; nraw;gLtjw;Fj; Njitahd gw;gy
Mw;wy;fs; cUthfp ,irtilAk; gUtk; ,JthFk;. vdNt gps;isfspd; rhjfkhd
tsu;r;rpf;F ce;Jjyspf;Fk; tifapyhd #oiy cUthf;FtJ mtrpakhFk;.
gps;isfSf;Fj; jkJ maw; #oYld; epjKk; njhlu;Gw;W> mDgtq;fisg;
ngWtjw;Fk; capNuhl;lkhd tifapy; #oYld; njhlu;GWtjw;Fk;> kfpo;r;rpiaAk;
fspg;igAk; mDgtpg;gjw;Fk;> jhk; nra;Ak; Ntiyfs; %yk; ntw;wpia
mDgtpg;gjw;Fk; ngw;NwhuJk;> Mrpupau;fsJk; md;igAk; fspg;igAk; ngWtjw;Fk;
tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;fyhk;. mt;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fs;> gps;isapd; tpUj;jp> cr;r
tpUj;jpf;Fj; J}z;LNfhyhf mikAk;.
Muk;gj; juq;fSf;fhf> fiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfisj;
jahupf;Fk; NghJ Nkw;gb tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfis ghlrhiyapy; eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;NghJ
mt;tplaq;fs; ntspf;nfhzug;gLk; tifapy; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia
xOq;FgLj;jpf;nfhs;tJ njhlu;ghf Mrpupau;fs; ftdQ; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk;> Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfs;> Mrpupa MrpupiafSf;F jkJ
tFg;giwfspy; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf
toq;fg;gLk; xU topfhl;b khj;jpuNk vd;gij typAWj;jpf; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;GfpNwd;.
mtw;wpy; mlq;fpAs;s tplaq;fisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L. jj;jkJ gpuNjrj;Jf;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd tifapy; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia cUthf;fpf;nfhs;tjpy;
Mrpupa Mrpupiafs; ftdQ; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. Mf;fG+u;tkhd tifapy;
tFg;giwg; gzpfis cUthf;fpf;nfhs;tjw;fhf ,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G
topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b> fy;tpj;Jiwiar; Nru;e;j ngUe;njhifahNdhupd;
gq;fspg;Gld; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thW gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j midtUf;Fk;> Fwpg;ghf
,g;gzpapy; Kd;dpd;W nraw;gl;l Muk;gf;fy;tpj; Jiwapd; rfy mjpfhupfSf;Fk;
vdJ ed;wpawpjy; cupj;jhfl;Lk;.
,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bia mr;rpLtjw;F epjp mDruiz toq;fpa
Adpnrt; (UNICEF) epWtdj;Jf;Fk; vkJ tpNrl ed;wp cupj;jhFk;.
Nguhrpupau; yhy; ngNuuhNguhrpupau; yhy; ngNuuhNguhrpupau; yhy; ngNuuhNguhrpupau; yhy; ngNuuhNguhrpupau; yhy; ngNuuh
gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufk.
iii
Kd;DiuKd;DiuKd;DiuKd;DiuKd;Diu
Gjpa fy;tpr; rPu;jpUj;j> kPsikg;G Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s juk;
5 ,w;fhd fzpj ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Vw;g> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd; Muk;g fy;tpg;
gpupT ,t;thrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;biaj; jahupj;Js;sJ. Muk;g fzpj fw;wy;-
fw;gpj;jy; nranyhOq;fpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhfj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fs;> kfpo;r;rp
jUk; Ntiy vd;gd fpukkhff; Fiwe;Js;sNjhL nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; mku;e;jepiy
NtiyfSf;Fk; $ba mtjhdk; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapYs;s ghlrhiyfspy;
Muk;g fzpj fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nranyhOq;fpy; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F
,t;thrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b ngupJk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak; vd;gJ jpz;zk;.
gapYeu; Mrpupau;fSf;Ff; fzpj fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nranyhOq;F njhlu;ghf rpwe;j
topfhl;ly; toq;Ftjw;Fk; mDgtkpf;f Mrpupau;fSf;F mtu;fsJ fw;gpj;jy; jpwid
NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; ,t;thrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bia cjtpahff;
nfhs;syhk;. ,jpy; cs;slq;fpAs;s kfpo;r;rpjUk; NtiyfisAk; nraw;ghLfisAk;
khjpupfshff; nfhz;L jkJ tFg;gpy; cs;s rpwhu;fSf;Fk; ghlrhiy Rw;whlYf;Fk;
nghUj;jkhfg; Gjpa Mf;fq;fis cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; fzpjk; fw;wiy khztUf;F
kfpo;r;rpahd mDgtkhf Mf;Ftjw;F Mrpupau;fs; Kaw;rpg;gu; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
mt;thNw Muk;gg; gpupT khztu;fspd; fzpjj; jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;J xt;nthU
khztDk; Kjd;ik epiy %d;Wf;F Vw;w fzpjk; njhlu;ghd mj;jpahtrpaf;
fw;wy; Nju;r;rpfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Ftjw;F ,t;thrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bia
cupa Kiwapy; gad;gLj;JkhW Ntz;LfpNwhk;.
,j;jifa tpsf;fq;fSldhd Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bia ntspapLtJ
njhlu;ghf tpNrl MNyhridfis toq;fp> topfhl;ba Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd;
gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;> Nguhrpupau; yhy; ngNuuh mtu;fSf;F tpNrl ed;wpfs; cupj;jhFk;.
NkYk; ,e;E}y; jahupg;gpy; tpNrl mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nrayhw;wpa Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd;
Muk;gf; fy;tpg; gpupT mjpfhupfSf;Fk;> MszpapdUf;Fk; gjpg;Gf; FOtpw;Fk;
ifahz;L ghu;j;jypy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j rfy Muk;gg; gpupT Mrpupau;fSf;Fk;>
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;fSf;Fk;> mjpgu;fSf;Fk;> fy;tp mjpfhupfSf;Fk; kdkhu;e;j
ed;wpiar; nrYj;JfpNwhk;.
,t;thrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bia NkYk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; JizGupAk;
fUj;Jf;fSk; MNyhridfSk; ,Ug;gpd; mtw;iw vkf;F mDg;gp itf;FkhW md;Gld;
Ntz;LfpNwhk;.
fyhepjp Rudpky Nyfk;Nffyhepjp Rudpky Nyfk;Nffyhepjp Rudpky Nyfk;Nffyhepjp Rudpky Nyfk;Nffyhepjp Rudpky Nyfk;Nf tpky; rpak;gyhnfhltpky; rpak;gyhnfhltpky; rpak;gyhnfhltpky; rpak;gyhnfhltpky; rpak;gyhnfhl
gzpg;ghsu; cjtpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;
Kd; gps;isg;gUt tpUj;jp nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk;
kw;Wk; Muk;gf;fy;tpj; Jiw r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
iv
MNyhridMNyhridMNyhridMNyhridMNyhrid
Nguhrpupau; yhy; ngNuuh
gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; - Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
jpU.tpky; rpak;gyhnfhl - cjtpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;
nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk;
r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;
newpahs;ifnewpahs;ifnewpahs;ifnewpahs;ifnewpahs;if
fyhepjp Rudpky Nyfk;Nf - gzpg;ghsu;
Kd; gps;isg;gUt tpUj;jp kw;Wk;
Muk;gf; fy;tpj;Jiw
,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;
jpU.Nf.uQ;[pj; gj;krpwp - gpujk nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup -
Kd;gps;isg;gUt tpUj;jp kw;Wk;
Muk;gf; fy;tpj;Jiw
ghlj;jpl;lf; FOghlj;jpl;lf; FOghlj;jpl;lf; FOghlj;jpl;lf; FOghlj;jpl;lf; FO
jpU.Nf.uQ;[pj; gj;krpwp - gpujk nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup
jpU.vk;.vd;. re;jd ngu;zhe;J - nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup
jpUkjp.FKJkyp j rpy;th - nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup
jpU.tp.vd;.v];.cjare;jpud; - nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup
jpU.vd;.KFe;jd; - cjtpr; nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup
nkhopr; nrk;ikahf;fk;nkhopr; nrk;ikahf;fk;nkhopr; nrk;ikahf;fk;nkhopr; nrk;ikahf;fk;nkhopr; nrk;ikahf;fk;
jpU.tp.vd;.vd;.cjare;jpud;
nkhopngau;g ;Gnkhopngau;g ;Gnkhopngau;g ;Gnkhopngau;g ;Gnkhopngau;g ;G
jpUkjp. \Pyh =jud;
fzpdpf;Nfhu;g;Gk; gf;f tbtikg;Gk;fzpdpf;Nfhu;g;Gk; gf;f tbtikg;Gk;fzpdpf;Nfhu;g;Gk; gf;f tbtikg;Gk;fzpdpf;Nfhu;g;Gk; gf;f tbtikg;Gk;fzpdpf;Nfhu;g;Gk; gf;f tbtikg;Gk;
nry;tp. v];.Rgh\pdp
ml;ilg;gl tbtikg;G kw;Wk; gjpg;Gml;ilg;gl tbtikg;G kw;Wk; gjpg;Gml;ilg;gl tbtikg;G kw;Wk; gjpg;Gml;ilg;gl tbtikg;G kw;Wk; gjpg;Gml;ilg;gl tbtikg;G kw;Wk; gjpg;G
jpU.tp.vd;.v]; cjare;jpud; - nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup> Kd;gps;isg;gUt
tpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muk;gf; fy;tpj;Jiw
ifahz;L ghu;j;jypy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jtu;fs;ifahz;L ghu;j;jypy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jtu;fs;ifahz;L ghu;j;jypy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jtu;fs;ifahz;L ghu;j;jypy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jtu;fs;ifahz;L ghu;j;jypy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jtu;fs;
a+.V.N[.Nf.clnty Muhr;rp - Nwhay; fy;Y}up> nkhduhfiy.
Mu;.vk;.vy;.[ae;j - [dhjpgjp tpj;jpahyak;> mk;gf];njht.
v];.vk;.B.<.\hkyh.[ajpyf - khahJd;d tpj;jpahyak;> `q;nty;y.
B.gp.V.[p.gj;jpud - Rghujp k`hkhj;a tpj;jpahyak;> kPnfhl.
Nf.tp];tehjd; - yf;fpyd;l; jkpo; tpj;jpahyak;>
clG];]y;yht.
v
mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;
fzpj mwpitAk; jpwd;fisAk; tho;f;ifapy; md;whl fhupaq;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;l
gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy;> mbf;fb gad;gLj;j NeupLfpwJ. mjdhy; fzpj
vz;zf;fUf;fs;> Nfhl;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd rpwe;j tpsf;fKk; fzpj nra;iffs;
njhlu;ghd jpwDk; ,Uj;jy;> jw;fhy r%fj;jpy; tho;tjw;fhf jdpegnuhUtuplj;jpy;
,y;yhjpUf;f KbahjNthu; mk;rkhf epiyg;ngw;Ws;sJ. vz;Zjy;> msj;jy;> vz;rhu;
jfty;fis xOq;fikj;jYk; gFg;gha;jYk;> mDkhdpj;jy;> gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;Tfs;
fhzy;> ju;f;fuPjpahfr; rpe;jpg;gjw;Fg; goFjy;> jPu;khdnkLj;jy; vd;gd mt;thwhd
re;ju;g;gq;fSf;fhd rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;LfshFk;. ,jdhy; ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy;
fzpj ghlj;jpw;F kpfTk; Kf;fpa ,lnkhd;W cupj;jhfpd;wJ.
mwptpj;jy;fs;> nra;jpj;jhs;fs;> thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp Nghd;w njhlu;ghly;
Clfq;fs; topNa vz;> ml;ltiz> tiuG vd;gd %yk; Kd;itf;fg;gLk; jfty;fis
cupathW tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; fzpjj; Nju;r;rp tpUj;jpaile;jpUj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.
md;whl tho;f;iff;Fk; Ntiy cyfpw;Fk; NkYk; fw;gjw;Fk; Njitahd mwpT>
jpwd;> xOf;fk; Mfpatw;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mj;jpthunkhd;iw
Muk;gg; ghlrhiyf; fl;lj;jpy; cUthf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fj; Njitahd
fzpjj; Nju;r;rp fzpj ghlj;jpy; kl;Lky;yhJ Rw;whly; rhu; nraw;ghLfs;
ghlj;jpD}lhfTk; NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.
Muk;gf;fy;tpf; fzpjghlj;; Nju;r;rpfs;Muk;gf;fy;tpf; fzpjghlj;; Nju;r;rpfs;Muk;gf;fy;tpf; fzpjghlj;; Nju;r;rpfs;Muk;gf;fy;tpf; fzpjghlj;; Nju;r;rpfs;Muk;gf;fy;tpf; fzpjghlj;; Nju;r;rpfs;
fzpj ghlj;ijf; fw;Fk; gps;isaplk; Muk;gg; ghlrhiyf; fl;lj;jpd; ,Wjpapy;>
gpd;tUk; Nju;r;rpfs; tpUj;jpaile;jpUj;jy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
[duQ;rfkhdJk; tpUg;gpw;FupaJkhd ghlnkhd;whff; fzpj ghlj;jpd; NghJ
rpwe;j kdg;ghq;Fld; nraw;gLthu;.
Mf;fG+u;tkhdJk; rpe;jidiiaj; J}z;LtJkhd re;ju;g;gq;fspD}lhf kfpo;r;rp
milthu;.
md;whl fhupaq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd gUkl;lhd ngWkhdq;fs;> mDkhdq;fs;>
nrt;itahd msTfs; vd;gtw;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;thu;.
fzpj vz;zf;fUf;fs;> Nfhl;ghLfs;> fzpjr; nra;iffs; Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp
md;whl tho;f;ifapy; re;jpf;Fk; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
njhlu;ghlypd; NghJ tha;nkhop> vOj;J%y> gl%y Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
vspa gpur;rpidfis kdjhy; jPu;f;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.
,U gupkhzj; jstbtq;fisAk; Kg;gupkhz nghUs;fisAk; mtw;wpd;
gz;GfisAk; ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.
RahjPdkhd> nefpo;jd;ikAs;s kdJlDk; Raek;gpf;ifAlDk; njspthfTk;
ju;f;fuPjpahfTk; rpe;jpf;Fk; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;thu;.
fzpj ghlj;ijf; fw;gjd; %yk; ngwg;gLk; mwpT> jpwd;> kdg;ghq;F Mfpatw;iw
NtW ghlq;fisf; fw;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;;.
NkYk; fzpjk; fw;gjw;F mtrpakhd mj;jpthuj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.
vi
juk; 5 ,y; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rpfs;juk; 5 ,y; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rpfs;juk; 5 ,y; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rpfs;juk; 5 ,y; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rpfs;juk; 5 ,y; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rpfs;
100 000 tiuapy; vz;Fwpfis thrpg;ghu;> vOJthu;> tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.
epak Kiwf;Nfw;g 1 000 ,Yk; ngupa vz;Fwpfis vOJthu;.
nghJ tpj;jpahrk; vl;L tiuapyhd vz;Nfhyj;ij mikg;ghu;.
2 Kjy; 5 tiuapyhd ngUf;fq;fs; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyq;fis mikg;ghu;.
,uz;bd;gq;F> ehd;fpd;gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;Ffisg; gpd;dq;fs; vd mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.
gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrk vz;fis mwpe;Jnfhz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.
i ,ypUe;J xx tiuapy; cNuhkd; vz;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
ehd;F ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;.
%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;.
9 999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpypUe;J ,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopg;ghu;.
<upyf;f vz;nzd;iw 2 Kjy; 10 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; ngUf;Fthu;.
%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 Kjy; 9 tiuapyhd vz;fshy;
tFg;ghu;.
kPw;wu; my;yJ nrd;wpkPw;wu;fspy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.
fpNyhkPw;wUf;Fk; kPw;wUf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpde;jPu;g;ghu;.
fpNyhfpuhkpy; epiwia mDkhdk; nra;thu;. mse;J gjpj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.
fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu;fspy; jputq;fspd; msit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;J
gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.
yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; njhlu;ghd fzf;Ffisr; nra;thu;.
24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; Neuq;fisf; $Wthu;.
kzpj;jpahyk;> epkplq;fs; nfhz;l fhyk; gw;wpa fzf;Ffisr; nra;thu;.
rJu nrd;upkPw;wupy; fl;lq;fspd; gug;gsit mse;J $Wthu;.
&gha; 1 000 tiuapy; gzf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fisAk; fzpjr; nra;iffisAk;
nra;thu;.
epiyf;Fj;J> fpilj;jsq;fisg; gpupj;jwpthu;.
,U gupkhz jstbtq;fisf; (tiyAUf;fis) nfhz;L Kg;gupkhz Mf;fq;fisr;
nra;thu;.
nrq;Nfhzk; tiuthu;. nrq;Nfhzj;ijtplr; rpwpaJk;> ngupaJkhd Nfhzq;fis
,dq;fhz;ghu;.
nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghl;bd; vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; Njitf;Nfw;gg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
vspa gupkhzk; nfhz;l cUtq;fs; tiuthu;. rkr;rPu; cUtq;fis mikg;ghu;.
fw;Gyrhjdq;fs; gw;wpa mDgtj;ijr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jthu;.
jfty;fisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiugpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.
Neu#rpfisAk; tiuGfisAk; thrpg;ghu;.
vii
fzpjk; - ghlj;jpl;lk;
fzpj ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; rfy Gyq;fspYk; gpurpde; jPu;j;jy; kw;Wk;; kdf;fzpjk; nra;Ak;
jpwd;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
1 . 01 . 01 . 01 . 01 . 0 vz;vz;vz;vz;vz;
1.1 vz; vz;zf;fU
• 10 000 tiuapyhd vz;fspd; ,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.
• 1 ,ypUe;J 100 000 tiu vz;fisAk; vz;ngau;fisAk; thrpg;ghu;>
vOJthu;.
• 10 000 ,ypUe;J 100 000 tiu gj;jhapuq;fspy; vz;fspd; ngau;fis
thrpg;ghu;.
• 1 ,ypUe;J 9 999 tiuapy; vz;fis tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.
• ngupa vz;fis vOJk;NghJ epak Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
1.2 vz; Nfhyq;fs;
• nghJtpj;jpahrk; 6 Kjy; 8 tiuapy; cs;s vz;Nfhyq;fis
cUthf;Fthu;.
• 2> 3> 4 kw;Wk; 5 ,d; ngUf;fq;fSldhd vz;Nfhyq;fis Mf;Fthu;.
1.3 gpd;dq;fs;
• ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;FfSf;F cupa gpd;dq;fis
,dq;fz;L ifahSthu;.
1.4 jrkk;
• jrkq;fisg; gj;jpd; gq;Ffshf ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.
1.5 cNuhkd; vz;fs;
• I Kjy; XX tiuapyhd vz;Fwpfis ,dq;fz;L ifahSthu;.
2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;
2.1 $l;ly;
• ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Lk;
gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.
• %d;wpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf; $l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj;
jPu;g;ghu;.
2.2 fopj;jy;
• 9 999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu; vz;izf;
fopf;Fk; gpurpde;jPu;g;ghu;.
viii
2.3 ngUf;fy;
• 7 kw;Wk; 9 tiuapyhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghl;il mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 7 kw;Wk; 9 My; ngUf;fy; njhlu;ghd gpurpde;
jPu;g;ghu;.
• 2 ,ypUe;J 10 tiuapyhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpg;
gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.
• <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 2 ,ypUe;J 10 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; ngUf;fy;
njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
2.4 tFj;jy;
• <upyf;f my;yJ %tpyf;f vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5 Mfpa vz;fshy;
tFj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
• ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W ,yf;f vz;fis 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;
tFj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
3.0 msj;jy;3.0 msj;jy;3.0 msj;jy;3.0 msj;jy;3.0 msj;jy;
3.1 ePsk;
• kPw;wu; kw;Wk; nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.
• mjpfsT J}uj;ij mstpLk; mstPlhf fpNyhkPw;wiuAk; mjd; epak
FwpaPl;ilAk; ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.
• fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk; kPw;wUf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
• kPw;wu; my;yJ nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdk; nra;thu;.
• kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; cs;slq;fpa $l;ly;> fopj;jy;> ngUf;fy; kw;Wk;
tFj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
3.2 epiw
• fpNyhfpuhikg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUs;fspd; epiwia mDkhdpg;ghu;>
mse;J xg;gpLthu;.
• fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; cs;slq;fpa $l;ly;> fopj;jy; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.
• fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; cs;slq;fpa vspa ngUf;fy; (myF khw;wkpd;wp)
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
• fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; cs;slq;fpa vspa tFj;jy; (myF khw;wkpd;wp)
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
33333.33333 nfhs;ssTk; fdtsTk;
• yPw;wu; my;yJ kpy;ypyPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp jput msnthd;wpd;
nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpg;ghu;.
• yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu;fsp;y; jug;gl;l jput msTfs; njhlu;ghd vspikahd
fzf;Ffisr; nra;thu;.
ix
3.4 fhyk; • Kw;gfy;> gpw;gfy; vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.
• kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fope;j fhyj;ijf; $Wthu;.
• 24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.
• kzpj;jpahyKk; epkplKk; cs;slq;fpa Neuk; njhlu;ghd fzf;Ffisr;;
nra;thu;.
3.5 gug;gsT
• vNjr;irahd myFfisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gug;gsit mse;J $Wthu;.
• rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gug;gsit mse;J $Wthu;.
44444.0 0 0 0 0 gzk;gzk;gzk;gzk;gzk;
4.1 gzKk; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSk;
• $l;ly;> fopj;jy;> ngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa gze; njhlu;ghd
vspa fzf;Ffisr; nra;thu;.
• rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;; nra;thu;.
55555.0 0 0 0 0 tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;
5.1 jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;
• jpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fsJk; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis
,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.
• fpil> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhz;ghu;.
• Kg;gupkhz Nfj;jpufzpj cUf;fis mikg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba
,U gupkhz tiyAUf;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.
• jstbtq;fisg; (tiyAUf;fis) gad;gLj;jp Kg;gupkhz Nfj;jpufzpj
cUf;fis mikg;ghu;.
5.2 Nfhzq;fs;
• nrq;Nfhzk; tiuthu;.
• nrq;Nfhzj;ijtplr; rpwpa> ngupa Nfhzq;fisg; gpupj;jwpthu;.
5.3 jpirfs;
• vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; ,dq;fz;L Fwpg;ghu;.
• vspa gupkhzk; nfhz;l cUtq;fis tiuthu;.
5.4 ntsp njhlu;ghd jpwidg; ngWjy;
• ntsp njhlu;ghd Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
• rkr;rPu; cUtq;fis mikg;ghu;.
• fl;Gy fw;gidr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.
66666.0 0 0 0 0 juTfisf; ifahSjy;juTfisf; ifahSjy;juTfisf; ifahSjy;juTfisf; ifahSjy;juTfisf; ifahSjy;
• juTfisr; Nrfupj;J> tiuG %yk; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.
• Neu#rpfisAk; tiuGfisAk; ju;f;fuPjpahf thrpg;ghu;.
x
xi
fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;
%d;W> ehd;F Mfpa juq;fspy; gps;isfSf;Fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fs;>
nraw;ghLfs;> mku;e;j epiy Ntiy vDk; %tpj KiwfSf;Fr; rkkhd ftdQ;
nrYj;jg;gLk; tpjj;jpYk; juk; 5 gps;isfSf;Fr; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; mku;e;j epiy
NtiyfspYk; $ba ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gLk; tpjj;jpYk; fw;wy; re;ju;g;gq;fis
xOq;fikj;jy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. me;je;jf; fzpj vz;zf;fUthf;fj;jpw;F kpfTk;
nghUj;jkhd> khztuJ #oYld; mz;kpj;jJkhd cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;
%yk; fzpjj;ijf; fw;gjw;fhd tpUg;igAk; Mu;tj;ijAk; gps;isfspDs;
cUthf;FtJ Mrpupaupd; nghWg;ghFk;.
gps;isfSf;F Kd;itf;fg;gLk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fSk; nraw;ghLfSk;>
mtu;fspd; rpe;jdh rf;jpiaAk; ju;f;fpf;Fk; Mw;wiyAk; mwpitAk; tpUj;jp
nra;af;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ NghyNt fzpj ghlNtisapd;NghJ ,izr;
nraw;ghLfs; thapyhf mjw;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; rpwg;ghdjhFk;.
khztu; ,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjd; %yk; milthu;fs; vd
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ed;ikfs; gy cs;sd. mtw;Ws; rpy gpd;tUkhW:
• nraw;ghLfis ntw;wpfukhfr; nra;a Kbtjdhy; Raek;gpf;if tpUj;jp milfpwJ.
• NkYk; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjw;fhd ce;Jjy; fpilf;fpwJ.
• Ra Cf;Ftpg;GlDk; Ra ek;gpf;ifAlDk; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjd; %yk;
cs;shu;e;j Mw;wy; tpUj;jpailfpwJ.
nraw;ghLfs; %yk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLk; tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf khztu; - khztu;>
Mrpupau; - khztu; fye;JiuahLtjw;F tha;g;Gfis xOq;Fnra;tjd; %yk;
gps;isfspilNa KbTfs; njhlu;ghd nrt;itAk; Raek;gpf;ifAk; tpUj;jp
milfpd;wd.
khztu; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; fzpjj; Nju;r;rpfs;
mku;e;j epiy NtiyapD}lhf NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F
tFg;Gf;Fupa ghlE}y; cjTk;. NkYk; Mrpupau;fspdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfisAk;
khztUf;F Kd;itj;jy; kpfTk; cfe;jjhFk;.
ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSkghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSkghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSkghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSkghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;; ;; ;
ghlrhiy Neuj;jpy; fzpj ghlj;ijf; fw;wy; ghlE}ypw;Fk; tFg;giwf;Fk; kl;Lk;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUj;jyhfhJ. fPo; tFg;GfspypUe;Nj ghlk; njhlu;ghd tpUg;ig
gps;isfspDs; cUthf;Fjy; Kf;fpakhFk;. mwpitj; J}z;Lk; re;ju;g;gq;fspD}lhf
kfpo;r ;rpailtjw;F xOq;F nra;J> fzpjj;ij kdq;ftu; ghlnkhd;whf
epiyg;gLj;Jjy; rfy Mrpupau;fspdJk; flikahFk;. fzpjj;jpy; cs;s fyhrhu
tpOkpaq;fs; gps;isfspDs; tpUj;jpailaf;$bathW ghl ,iz epfo;r;rpfisAk;
ghlrhiy epfo;r;rpfisAk; xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;sy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
fzpjj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mwpTf; fsQ;rpak; Nghd;w Nghl;bfis xOq;fikj;jYk;
elj;JjYk; fzpj E}yfk;> fzpjf; fz;fhl;rp> fzpjr; nraw;wpl;lk; Mfpatw;iw
topelj;jpr; nry;yYk; xOq;F nra;jYk; ,jd; fPo; nra;af;$ba rpy ghl,izr;
nraw;ghLfshFk;. ghl,iz Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fg; ngw;Nwhu;> Mrpupau; Mfpa
,U jug;gpduJk;> gps;isfspdJk; gq;Fgw;wiyg; ngWtjw;F mjpgu; jiyikapy;
nrayhw;Wjy; mtrpakhFk;.
fzpg;gPL nra;jy;fzpg;gPL nra;jy;fzpg;gPL nra;jy;fzpg;gPL nra;jy;fzpg;gPL nra;jy;
fzpj ghlk; fw;Fk; rpW gps;isfspd; fzpj vz;zf;fUf;fspdJk;> jpwd;fspdJk;
tpUj;jp njhlu;ghf ve;NeuKk; fz;lwpjy; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,t;thwhd
fz;lwpjy;fspy; ,Ue;J> Nrfupf;fg;gLk; jfty;fs; %yk; gps;isapd; Kd;Ndw;wk;
njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;ijg; ngWjy; NghyNt> gps;isf;Ff; fzpjk; fw;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk;
gpur;rpidfs;> ,lu;g;ghLfs; gw;wpAk; MrpupaUf;F tpsf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
,t; tanjy;iyiaj; jhz;Lk; gps;is njhlu;ghfj; jfty;fs; Nrfupf;Fk;NghJ>
gps;is rhjhuzkhff; fw;wypy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy;> Kd; jpl;lkpd;wp
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fzpg;gPLfSf;Fg; gpujhd ,lk; cupj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. Ntiyapy;
<Lgl;Ls;s gps;isfis mtjhdpj;jy;> tha;nkhop tpdhf;fs; tpdTjy;>
gps;isfSf;Fr; nrtpkLj;jy; vd;gd ,t;thwhd rpy KiwfshFk;. ,k;Kiwfs;
%yk; gps;isfs; jdpj;jdpahfTk; FOf;fshfTk; fzpjk; fw;wypy; <Lgl;Ls;s
re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; Kd;Ndw;wk; njhlu;ghf jfty;fis Nrfupf;f KbAk;. ,t;thW
Nrfupf;fg;gLk; jfty;fis Kiwg;gb gjpe;Jnfhs;sy;; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,jw;F
Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bapy; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s 'jfty; gjpjy; gbt"
khjpupiag; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.
Kiwrhu; fzpg;gPl;bd;NghJ tpilaspg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kjpg;gPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;
MrpupaupdhNyNa jahupf;fg;gLjy; kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
xii
cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;
Kjy; gFjpKjy; gFjpKjy; gFjpKjy; gFjpKjy; gFjp
thuk; thuk; thuk; thuk; thuk; gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;
1. vz; tpsf;fk; 01
2. ngupa vz;fSk; - cNuhkd; ,yf;fKk; 10
3. $l;ly; 17
4. fopj;jy; 24
5. ngUf;fy; 1 33
6. ePsKk; J}uKk; 1 39
7. kPl;lw; gapw;rp
8. tFj;jy; 1 46
9. jpz;kq;fs;> jstbtq;fs;> Nfhzq;fs; 52
10. fhyk; 1 59
11. epiw 1 65
12. vz;Nfhyq;fs; 1 71
13. kPl;lw; gapw;rp
,uz;lhk; gFjp,uz;lhk; gFjp,uz;lhk; gFjp,uz;lhk; gFjp,uz;lhk; gFjp
14. ngUf;fy; 2 78
15. tFj;jy; 2 85
16. juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1 90
17. gzk; 1 96
18. gug;gsT 105
19 kPl;lw; gapw;rp;
20. gpd;dq;fs; 113
21. fhyk; 2 119
22. fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1 124
23. jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk; 130
24. jpirfs; 138
25. kPl;lw; gapw;rp
26. kPl;lw; gapw;rp
%d;whk; gFjp%d;whk; gFjp%d;whk; gFjp%d;whk; gFjp%d;whk; gFjp
27. 10 My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk; 143
28. fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2 147
29. ePsKk; J}uKk; 2 153
30. vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2 161
31. kPl;lw; gapw;rp;
32. gzk; 2 164
33. jrkk; 168
34. epiw 2 171
35. juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2 175
36. fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk; 179
37. rkr;rPu; Nfhyq;fs; 184
38. kPl;lw; gapw;rp;
39. kPl;lw; gapw;rp
xiii
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
1 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³,lg;ngWkhdk; ³xd;wpdplk;
³ gj;jpdplk; ³E}wpdplk;
³ xd;Wfs; ³E}Wfs;
³ gj;Jf;fs; ³,yf;fk;
³ vz;Fwpfs; ³Mapuj;jpdplk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ fljhrpAk; ngd;rpy;fSk;
³ 0 ,ypUe;J 9 tiu
vz;ml;ilfs; (FOTf;F ehd;F
vz; ml;ilfs; nfhLg;gjw;Fj;
NjitahdthW)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
%t pyf ; f vz ;fs ; r pytw ;iw
Kd;itAq;fs;. xt;Nthu; vz;zpYk;
e Pq ; fs ; $Wk ; ,yf ;fq ; fs pd ;
,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghf khztuplk;
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
vz; 57 ,y; ,yf;fk; 5 Fwpf;Fk;
ngWkhdk; ahJ?
,yf;fk; 7 Fwpf;Fk; ngWkhdk; ahJ?
vz; 849 ,y; ,yf;fk; 4 Fw p f ; Fk ;
ngWkhdk; ahJ?
,yf;fk; 8 Fwpf;Fk; ngWkhdk; ahJ?
,yf;fk; 9 Fwpf;Fk; ngWkhdk; ahJ?
vz;fspy; ,yf;fk; mike;Js;s
,lj;Jf;Nfw;g ngWkhdj;ijg; ngW-
fpd;wJ vd;gij NkYk; njspT-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
%tpyf;f vz;fspy; xNu ,yf;fk;
ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy;
mike;jpUj;jy;;.
894 90984 900849 9
xd;wpd; ,lj;jpYs;s ,yf;fk; 8 948
gj;jpd; ,lj;jpYs;s ,yf;fk; 8 984
E}wpd; ,lj;jpYs;s ,yf;fk; 8 894
ehd;fpyf;f vz;nzhd;iwf; fUk;
gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
3 457 ,y; 3 ,w;Fk; 4 ,w;Fk;
,ilNa ,lk; tpl;L vOj Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij kwe;J tplhjPu;fs;.
,t;ntz;iz thrpg;gjw;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
3 4 5 7
%thapuj;J ehD}w;W Ik;gj;J VO
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; nfhz;lnfhz;lnfhz;lnfhz;lnfhz;l vz;f vz;f vz;f vz;f vz;fs ; gw ;w pas ; gw ;w pas ; gw ;w pas ; gw ;w pas ; gw ;w pa
tpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fistpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fistpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fistpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fistpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fis tifg;gLj;Jtifg;gLj;Jtifg;gLj;Jtifg;gLj;Jtifg;gLj;Jthu;.thu;.thu;.thu;.thu;.
vz; tpsf;fk;vz; tpsf;fk;vz; tpsf;fk;vz; tpsf;fk;vz; tpsf;fk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
11111
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;
,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
2Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
9802 } 9000 + 800 + 0 + 29082 } 9000 + 0 + 80 + 28290 } 8000 + 200 + 90 + 0982 } 900 + 80 + 2
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy;tu; nfhz;l FOf;f-
shf;Fq;fs;.
FOj;jiytu; xUtiuj; njupT
nra;AkhW $Wq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 1 Kjy; 9 tiu
cs;s vz; ml;ilfSs; vOkhw;whfj;
nju pTnra ;ag ;gl ;l ehd ;F vz;
ml;ilfs; tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.
FOj;jiytu; jdJ vz; ml;ilia
NkirkPJ itj;J mLj;j ml;ilia
itg;gjw;F ,d;ndhU khztiug;
ngau; Fwpf;FkhW $Wq;fs;. vz;
ml;ilia itf;Fk; khztd; mLj;j
ml ;ilia itg ; gjw ;F xU
khztidg; ngau; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thwhf ehd;fpyf;f vz;nzhd;iw
Mf ;Ftjw ;F khztiu topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;. mjid thrpAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
5 3 8 1
Iahapuj;J Ke;E}w;W vz;gj;J
xd;W
mt;ntz;zpd; xt;nthU ,yf;fKk;
fhl;Lk; ngWkhdk; gw;wpf; fye;Jiu-
ahb> mtw;iwg; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
vOjpf;nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.
mt;ntz; ml;ilfspd; mikTfis
khw;wp NtW vz;nzhd;iw Mf;F-
tjw;F rfy khztUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;fg ;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; Mf;fg;gl;l
vz;iz Nkw;Fwpj;jthW thrpj;J
mjd; xt;nthU ,yf;fKk; fhl;Lk;
ngWkhdj ;ij vOj pf ; nfhs ;s
Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
98 0
2
Mapuj;jpdplj;jpy; ,yf;fk; 3 Fwpf;fg;-
gLfpwJ> mjd; ngWkhdk; %thapuk;
vdTk; E}wpdplj;jpy; ,yf;fk; 4
Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ> mjd; ngWkhdk;
ehD}W vdTk; gj;jpdplj;jpy; ,yf;fk;
5 Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ> mjd; ngWkhdk;
Ik;gJ vdTk; xd;wpdplj;jpy; ,yf;fk;
7 Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ> mjd; ngWkjp
VO vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
3 457 Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
3 000 + 400 + 50 + 7
vd khztUf;F epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
,d;ndhU ehd;fpyf;f vz;izf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
9 0829 0829 0829 0829 082,yf;fk; 8 If; fhl;b mt;tpyf;fk;
mike;Js;s ,lj;ijg ; gw ;w pf ;
NfSq;fs;.
,yf;fk; 8 ,dhy; fhl;lg ;gLk;
ngWkhdj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
,jd;gb 0 mike;Js;s ,lk; E}wpd;
,lk; vdTk; mJ fhl;Lk; ngWkhdk;
0 vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vz; 9 082 ,y; xt;nthU ,yf;fKk;
fhl;Lk; ngWkhdj;ijg; gpd;tUkhW
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
,yf;fk; 9 ,dhy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;
ngWkhdk;
9 x 1000 = 9 000,yf;fk; 0 ,dhy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;
ngWkhdk;
0 x 100 = 0,yf;fk; 8 ,dhy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;
ngWkhdk;
8 x 10 = 80,yf;fk; 2 ,dhy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;
ngWkhdk;
2 x 1 = 2
9 082 = 9 000 + 0 + 80 + 2
vz;nzhd;wpd; ,yf;fq;fspd; mikT
khw;wkilAk;NghJ mjd; ngWkhdk;
khw;wkilAk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
3 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
8 315 } 8000 + 300+ 10+ 53 518 } 3000 + 500 +10 + 81 583 } 1000 + 500 + 80 + 31 358 } 1000 + 300 + 50 + 85 831 } 5000 + 800 + 30 + 1
FOf;fspilNa vz;ml;ilfis
khw ; w p f ; nfhz ;L Nkw ;Fw pj ; j
nraw ; g hLfs py ; njhlu ; e ;Jk ;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
ehd;fpyf;f vz;nzhd;iwf; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
mt;ntz;zpd; ngaiu vOj;Jf;fspy;;
jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf;-
nfhs ;tjw ;F khztiu topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
mt;ntz;zpd; xt;nthU ,yf;fKk;
mike;Js;s ,lj;ijAk; mjd;
ngWkhdj;ijAk; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
vOjpf ;nfhs;SkhW khztuplk ;
$Wq;fs;.
mt ;ntz ;z pd ; ,yf ;fq ; fs pd ;
mikTfis khw ;Wtjdhy ;
Mf;fg;gLk; vz;fspy; xt;nthU
,yf;fk; cs;s ,lj;ijAk; mit
xt;nthd;Wk; fhl;Lk; ngWkhdj;-
ijAk; vOJtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
8
5 3
1
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
4Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
ehd;F ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;L gy
vz;fis Mf;fyhk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
4
5 8
1
5 481> 1 548> 4 8515 841> 1 854> 4 1588 541> 1 584> 4 581
,it Nghd;W NkYk; vz;fis
Mf ;fyhk ; vd ; gijf ; $w p >
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;L
vz;fis cUthf;fp fUk;gyifapy;
vOJtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
kpfg;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Ftjw;F
ehd;F ,yf;fq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;l
vz;fspy; ngWkhdk; $ba ,yf;fk;
Mapuj;jpdplj;jpYk;> mLj;j $ba
,yf;fk; E}wpdplj;jpYk;> mLj;j
,yf;fk; gj;jpdplj;jpYk; (8541)
mika Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj; njspT-
gLj;Jq;fs;. ,q;F fpilf;ff;$ba
kpfg;ngupa vz; 8541 MFk;.
ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;
$ba ngWkhdKs;s ,yf;fj;ij
KjypYk; mjw;F mLj;Js;s ngupa
vz;iz ,uz;lhtjhfTk; mjw;F
mLj;j $ba vz;iz %d;whtjhfTk;
mLj ; jjhf cs ;s vz ;izf ;
filrpahfTk; vOJk;NghJ kpfg;
ngupa vz;iz Mf;fyhk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;
vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.
ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; 22222
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³,lg;ngWkhdk; ³xd;wpdplk;
³ gj;jpdplk; ³E}wpdplk;
³ xd;Wfs; ³gj;Jf;fs;
³E}Wfs; ³,yf;fk;
³ vz;Fwpfs;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ fljhrpAk; ngd;rpy;fSk;
³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ehd;F
vd;wthW 0 Kjy; 9 tiuapyhd
vz;fs; nfhz;l ml;ilfs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
< u pyf ; f vz ;fs ; r pytw ;iw
Kd;itj;J xt;Nthu; vz;zpYk;
cs;s ,yf;fq;fspd; ,lg;ngWkhdk;
njhlu;ghf khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
48 ,y; gj;jpd; ,lj;jpy; cs;s
,yf;fk; ahJ?
,yf;fk; 8 cs;s ,lk; ahJ?
%d;W vz; ml;ilfisf; fhl;b
(vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 2 1 3 ) mtw;why;
Mf;ff;$ba kpfg;ngupa vz; ahJ
vd khztu plk ; t pdTq ;fs ; .
Mfg;ngupa ,yf;fj ;ijg ; E}wp -
dplj;jpy; ,l;L> mjw;F mLj;j ngupa
,yf;fj;ij gj;jpdplj;jpy; ,l;lhy;
kpfg; ngupa ngWkhdj;ijf; nfhz;l
vz; ngwg;gLk; vDk; tpsf;fk;
khztUf;F cs;sjh vd;gijg;
ghUq;fs;.
2 1 3 Mfpa ,yf;fq;fspy; ngwg;gLk;
kpfr; rpwpa vz; ahJ vd tpdTq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
5 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;
vz;zpf ;ifapy ; k pff ; Fiwe ;j
,yf ;fj ;ij KjypYk ; k Pjkhd
vz;fspy; kpfr; rpwpa ,yf;fj;ij
mLj;jjhfTk; kPjKs;s ,U vz;fspy;
rpwpa ,yf;fj;ij mLj;jjhfTk;
filrpahf cs;s ngupa vz;iz
,WjpapYk; vOJk;NghJ fpilf;Fk;
vz; kpfr; rpwpa vz;zhFk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 2
1 8
9
kpfg;ngupa vz; kpfr; rpwpa vz;
9821 1289
,t;thW ehd;F ,yf;fq;fs; tPjk;
mspj;J kpfg;ngupaJk;> kpfr; rpwpa
Jkhd vz;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
ehd ;F ,yf ;fj ;ij Kd;itj ;J
vz;fis vOj Kd;tUk; %d;W
khztUf ;F %d;W vz;fisf ;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJkhW mwpTWj;-
Jq;fs;. mt;ntz;fis kpfg; ngupa
vz;zpypUe;J kpfr;rpwpa vz; tiuapy;
xOq;FgLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lnkdf;
$Wq;fs;.
,lg;ngWkhdk; gw;wpa mwpitg;
gad;gLj;jp vz;fis tupirg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lnkd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fUk;gyifapy; ehd;F ,yf;f vz;fs;
%d;iw vOJq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
3 424> 1 095> 8 762
khztu ; xUtu ; Kd ;te ;J
mt;ntz;fisg; gpioapd;wp thrpj;J>
kpfg; ngupa vz; Kjy; kpfr; rpwpa
vz; tiu kPz;Lk; xOq;FgLj;jp
vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.
mjd;gb 8 762> 3 424> 1 095
vd;wthW vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l ehd;F
,yf;fq;fs;; nfhz;l ve;jj; njhFjp
vz;fspYk ; KjyhtJ ,yf;fk ;
(Mapuj;jpdplj;J ,yf;fk;) kpfg;
ngupjhf cs;s vz; ngupa vz;zhFk;
vd;gij khztUf;Fj; njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.
8 Mapuq;fs; 3 Mapuq;fisAk; tplg;
ngupjhFk;.
3 Mapuq;fs; 1 Mapuj;jpYk; ngupjhFk;.
gpd;tUkhW vz;fis tpupj;njOjp
kpfg;ngupa> kpfr; rpwpa vz;fisf;
fhl;l KbAk;.
8 762 8 000 + 700 + 60 + 23 424 3 000 + 400 + 20 + 41 095 1 000 + 0 + 90 + 5
khztu;fs; rpyu; Kd;te;J kpfg; ngupa
vz;zpy; ,Ue;J kpfr; rpwpa vz;
tiuapy; xOq;FKiwapy; vOJ-
tjw;fhf NkYk; gy vLj;Jf;fhl;L-
fis toq;Fq;fs;.
Mapuj;jpdplj;jpy; xNu ngWkhdk;
cs;s ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W
vz;fis Kd;itj;J (vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
5 234> 5 013> 5 675) Kd;tUk; khztd;
xUtDf;F mtw;iw kpfg; ngupajpy;
,Ue ;J k pfr ; r p w paJ tiu
xOq;FgLj;jp vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.
mt;ntz;fspd; xOq;FKiw 5 675>
5 234> 5 013 vd vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
ehd;fpyf;f vz;fspy; Mapuj;jpdplj;J
,yf;fq;fs; xNu ,yf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy;
kpfg ; ngupa ,yf;fj;ij E}wpd;
,lj ;j py ; nfhz ;l vz; ngu pa
vz;zhFk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
,t;thwhfg; gj;jpdJk; xd;wpdJk;
,lq ;fSf;F Vw ;g k pfg ; ngu pa
vz ;fisf ; fhZk ; t pjj ;ij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
gj;jpdplj;jpw;Nfw;g
5 345> 5 368> 5 300
xd;wpdplj;Jf;Nfw;g
5 345> 5 341> 5 340
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
6Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu %tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 0 Kjy; 9
tiu vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l ml;ilj;
njhFjpfs; ehd;F tPjk; toq;-
Fq;fs;.
jkJ Gs;spfisAk; vz;fisAk;
Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F xt;nthU
khztuplKk; xU gapw;rpg; Gj;jfk;
my;yJ fhfpjj; jhs; ,Ug;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
tpisahl;by; <LgLk; tpjj;ij
vy;NyhUk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk;
tpjkhfg; gpd;tUk; tpisahl;il
tpisahLq;fs;.
xt;Nthu; ml;ilj; njhFjpiaAk;
ed;F fiyj;J Nkirapd; kPJ
kWgf;fk; jpUg;gp itAq;fs;.
KjyhtJ Ftpay; Mapuq;fs;>
,uz;lhtJ E}Wfs;> %d;whtJ
gj;Jf;fs;> ehd;fhtJ xd;Wfs;
vd;wthW vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
xt;nthU gps;isAk; xt;nthU
Ftpaypy; ,Ue;Jk; Xu; ml;il
tPjk; vLj;J mtw;iw Mapuq;fs;>
E}Wfs;> gj;Jfs;> xd;Wfs; vd;w
xOq;fpy; itj;J vz;nzhd;iwf;
fl ;bnaOg ;g Ntz;Lk ; vdf ;
$Wq;fs;.
ahuplk; kpfg; ngupa vz;> mjw;fLj;j
.......... ngupa vz;> Mfr; rpwpa vz;
cs;snjdf; fhz;gjw;F mtu;fs;
jkJ vz;fis xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;g;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
kpfg; ngupa vz;iz itj;jpUf;Fk;
khztDf;F 3 Gs;spfSk; mjw;F
mLj;j ngupa vz; itj;jpUf;Fk;
khztDf;F 2 Gs;spfSk; kpfr;
r p w pa vz ; itj ;j pUf ;Fk ;
khztDf;F 1 Gs;spAk; fpilf;F-
nkd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
Gs;spfisAk; ; tupirg;gLj;jpa
vz;fisAk; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthU jlitapd; ,WjpapYk;
vz; ml;ilfis kPz;Lk; mf;-
Ftpay;fspy; ,l;L xt;nthU
FtpaiyAk; kPz;Lk; fiyj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
khztu; xt;nthU Rw;w pdJk;
ngWNgWfisf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhz;L
,r;nraw;ghl;by; njhlu;e;J <Lgl-
cw;rhfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gj;Jr; Rw;Wf;fspd; gpd;du; jkf;Ff;
fpilj;j Gs;spfspd; nkhj;jj;ijf;
fz;L ntw ;w p ngw ;wtu ; ahu ;
vd;gijf; fhz;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
A,B kw;Wk; C Mfpa %d;W
khztu;fs; tpisahl;by;
<Lgl;l tpjk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Kjy; jlit
A ngw;w Gs;spfs; 1340B ngw;w Gs;spfs; 2471C ngw;w Gs;spfs; 6592
,uz;lhk; jlit
A ngw;w Gs;spfs; 8588B ngw;w Gs;spfs; 6989C ngw;w Gs;spfs; 7300
gpd;;tUkhW ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Kjy; jlit
,uz;lhk; jlit
%d;whe; jlit
gy Rw;Wf;fis tpisahba gpd;du;
t pisahl ;by ; ntw ;w p ngw ;wtu ;
ahnud;gij mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf
mtu ;fsJ Gs;spfisf; $l;bf ;
nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;. mjpf msT
Gs;spfs; ngw;w khztDf;F mjpf
jlitfs ; k pfg ; ngu pa vz ;
fpilj;jpUg;gijAk;; kpff; Fiwe;j
Gs;spfs; ngw;w khztDf;F mjpf
jlitfs; kpff ; Fiwe;j vz;
f pilj ;j pUg ; gijAk ; t psq ;f pf ;
nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
1 2 3
3 1 2
jlitfs;
Angw;w
Gs;spfs;
Bngw;w
Gs;spfs;
Cngw;w
Gs;spfs;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
7 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
rupahf tpisahLtjw;Fj; Njitahd
MNyhridfis toq;Ftjw ;F
xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; nry;Yq;fs;.
Mf;fpa vz; njhFjpiar; rupahf
thrpg;gij mtjhdpj;J> Gs;spfisr;
rupahf ,Lfpd;whu;fsh vd;gjpy;
ftdk; nrYj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztUk; vz;fisr;
rupahd xOq;fpy; Fwpf;fpd;wduh vdf;
fhz;gjw ;F mtu ;fsJ Gs ;s pj ;
jhs;fisr; nrt;it ghUq;fs;.
khztu; vtUf;NfDk; ,lu;g;ghL
,Ue;jhy; mtu;fs; tpLfpd;w jtW
vd;d vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;J mjidr;
ru pnra ;J tpisahl ;by ; <Lgl
cjTq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTk; Mf;fpa vz;fspy;
,Ue;J tpUk;gpa vz;fisj; njupT
nra;J xOq;FKiwapy; mikg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fisehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fisehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fisehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fisehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fis
tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; kw;Wk; vz;fspd;
ngau;fs;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Vohapuj;J VO - 7 007
Mapuj;J Ie;E}w;W ,Ugj;J Ie;J - 1 525
xd;gjhapuj;Jj; njhs;shapuj;J
njhz;Z}w;wp xd;gJ - 9 999
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; vOjg;gl ;l
ml;ilfs; (xU khztDf;F xd;W
tPjk;)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
kdf;fzpjg; gapw;rpf;fhfg; gpd;tUk;
Kiwapy; Maj;jk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
vz ; ml ;iliaf ; fhz ; g p j ;J
mt;ntz;zpYk; rpwpa vz; xd;iwAk;
ngupa vz; xd;iwAk; $wr; nrhy;Yq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 18 59 198 4349
ehd ;f pyf ; f vz ;fs ; nfhz ;l
ml;ilfs; ehd;if Kd;itj;J mjpy;
kpff;Fiwe;j vz;> mjw;Fk; rpwpJ
mjpfkhd vz;> mij tplg; ngupa
vz;> kpfg; ngupa vz; vd;dntd;gij
,yFthf mwpe ;Jnfhs;tjw ;Fg ;
gpd;tUk; vLj;Jf;fhl;ilf; nfhz;l
nraw;ghl;L Kiwnahd;iw tpgupj;Jf;
$Wq;fs;.
1984 1859
18 59 198 4349
Nghd;w rpy ml;ilfs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
8Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
kpfr; rpwpa vz;zpypUe;J kpfg; ngupa
vz; tiu tupirg;gb mike;Js;sJ.
NtW ehd;F vz; ml;ilfis
Kd;tUk; khztUf;Ff; fhz;gpj;J
Nkw ;Fwpg ;g pl ;lthW kpfr ; r pw pa
vz;zpypUe;J kpfg; ngupa vz; tiu
tupirg;gb itg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;. vz;fis xg;gpLk;
xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;ijAk; mtjhdp-
Aq;fs;. kpfg; ngupa vz;zpy; ,Ue;J
kpfr; rpwpa vz; tiu tupirg;-
gLj ;Jtjw ;F NkNy $wg ;gl ;l
topKiwiaf; ifahSq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf ;Fq ;fs ; . ehd;f pyf ;f
vz;fs; nfhz;l gj;J vz; ml;ilfs;
t Pjk ; xt ;nthU FOTf ;Fk ;
toq;Fq;fs;. xt;nthU khztUk;
jj;jkJ Kiwf;Nfw;g ehd;F vz;
ml;ilfs; tPjk; vLj;J mtw;iw rpwpa
vz; Kjy; ngupa vz; tiuapy;
xOq ;nfhd ;w py ; mikj ;J mt ;
ntz;fisj; jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
vOjpf; nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thwhd Ie;J re;ju;g;gq;fisNaDk;
fl ;bnaOg ;Gtj py ; khztiu
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
ehd;F vz;fisg; ngupa vz; Kjy;
rpwpa vz; tiuapy; tupirg;gLj;jp
itg;gjw;Fk; mtw;iw khztuJ
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; Fwpg;gjw;Fk;
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr ;nraw ; g hl ; bd ; ,Wj pa py ;
KOtFg;Gk; jkJ FO Mf;fpa
mikg;ig Kd;itg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
1. kpff; Fiwe;j vz; - 3989
kPjKs;s ml;ilfs;
%d;iwAk; kPz;Lk;
xOq;FgLj;Jq;fs;.
2. mjw;F mLj;j kpfr; rpwpa
vz; - 4985
kPjKs;s ,U vz;fis
xg;gpl;Lg; ghUq;fs;.
6793 7005
3. mLj;j kpfr; rpwpa vz; - 6793
4. kpfg; ngupa vz; - 7005
1> 2> 3> kw;Wk; 4 ml;ilfis
tupirg;gb itAq;fs;.
3986 4985 6793 7005
>
>
<>
<
4985 6793 7005
4985 7005
4985
rpwpa vz;
4985 6793 7005 3989
4985
4985 7005
4985
4985 3989
3989<
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<
>> >
>
>
>
>
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
rpwpa vz;
rpwpa vz;
rpwpa vz;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
9 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
ehd;F vz; ml;ilfis Kd;itj;J>
ngau ; Fw pg ; g pl ;l khztUf ;F
mtw;iw tupirg;gLj;jp itg;gjw;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlk; 4> 5ghlk; 4> 5ghlk; 4> 5ghlk; 4> 5ghlk; 4> 5
Mapuk; tiuapy; ,lg;ngWkhdk;
njhlu;ghd mwpT kw;Wk; tpsf;fj;ij
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; ghlE}iyg;
gad;gLj;Jthu;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
10Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp( E}whapuk;E}whapuk;E}whapuk;E}whapuk;E}whapuk; tiuapy tiuapy tiuapy tiuapy tiuapy;; ;; ; vz;fis thrpg;g vz;fis thrpg;g vz;fis thrpg;g vz;fis thrpg;g vz;fis thrpg;ghhhhhu;.u;.u;.u;.u;.
XX tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;. tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;. tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;. tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;. tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;.
ngupa vz;fSk; cNuhkd; vz;fSk; thukthukthukthukthuk;
22222
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 1010101010 000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xd;W
tPjk; rpy ngl;bfs;
³ 0 Kjy; 9 tiu vOjg;gl;l vz;
ml;ilfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ehd;F ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj
,uz;L vz;fspy; ngupa vz;fs; /r pw pa vz ;fs ; vit? Nghd ;w
kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fisf; Nfl;L
tpilaspg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd rpy tpdhf;fis
tpdTq;fs;-
) ut pa plk ; 325 Kj ;j piufSk ;
khyhtplk; 119 Kj;jpiufSk;
cs;sd. mjpfsthd Kj;jpiufs;
itj;jpUg;gtu; ahu;?
) jhq;fp A apy ; 8313 kpy;ypyPw;wu;
vz;nzAk;> jhq;fp B apy; 8456
kpy;ypyPw;wu; vz;nzAk; cs;sd.
mjpf vz;nza; cs;s jhq;fp
ahJ?
) nghUs; A apd ; e piw 5689
fpNyhfpuhk;. nghUs; B apd; epiw
1346 fpNyhfpuhk;. ,jpy; Fiwthd
epiwAila nghUs; ahJ?
Kjypy; Mrpu pau ; 10 vdf; $w
khztu; xUtu; 20 vdf; $Wtjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mtu; 20 vdf;
$wpaJk; ,d;ndhU khztiu 30
vdf; $Wtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gj;Jf;fspYk; Mapuk; tiu E}WfspYk;
gj ;jhapuk ; tiu Mapuq;fspYk;
vz;Ztjw;F xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
fUk;gyifapy; 10 000 vd vOJq;fs;.
(Mapuj;jpdplj;jpy; cs;s 0 ,w;Fk;
E}w pd plj ;j py ; cs;s 0 ,w ;Fk ;
njs pthd ,ilnts p ,Uf ;f
Ntz;Lk;.)
,ilntsp ,Uf ;f pd ;w ,lj ;ij
khztUf;Ff; fhz;gpAq;fs;.
,t ;ntz; gj ;jha pukgj ;jha pukgj ;jha pukgj ;jha pukgj ;jha puk ; vdg ;gLk ;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
5 170 vDk; vz;izf; fUk;gyifapy;
vOJq;fs;.
5 I kiwj;Jf;nfhz;L filrp %d;W
,yf ;fq ; fSk ; ve ; j vz ;iz
Mf;Ffpd;wd vd tpdTq;fs;.
(tpil - E}w;nwOgJ)
KO vz;izAk; fhl;b mt;ntz;
vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;.
mt;ntz; Iahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJIahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJIahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJIahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJIahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJ
MFk;.
,t;;tifahd ,d;Dk; 5 vz;fisf;
fUk;gyifapy ; vOjp xt;nthU
vz;izAk; thrpg;gjw;F khztUf;F
cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
11 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
3 704 %thapuj;J vOE}w;wp ehd;F
1 045 Mapuj;J ehw;ge;ije;J
5 200 Iahapuj;J ,UE}W
2 009 ,uz;lhapuj;J xd;gJ
9 999 xd;gjhapuj;Jj;
njhs;shapuj;Jj;
njhz;Z}w;W xd;gJ
9 999 ,w;F mLj;JtUk; vz;izg;
gpd;tUk; topKiwiag; gad;gLj;jp
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
99+1= 100 E}W
999+1= 1 000 Mapuk;
9 999+1= 10 000 gj;jhapuk;
,t;ntz;izg; gj;jhapuk; vd;W
$Wtjw;F khztiu mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
vz;fSf;F Kd;dhy; vz;ngaiuj;
njspthff; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 0 Kjy; 9
tiu vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l ,U
njhFj p ml ;ilfs ; nfhz;l
ngl;bnahd;Wk; mtrpakhFk;. vz;
ml;ilfis ed;whff;; fiyj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;fhfg; ngl;bia ed;F
FYf;Fq;fs;.
khztu; jj;jkJ Kiwf;Nfw;g
ehd;F vz; ml;ilfs; tPjk; vLj;J
xOq ;nfhd ;w py ; itj ;J vz;
xd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lnkdf;
$Wq;fs;.
mt;ntz;fisj; jkJ gapw;rpg;
Gj ; jfj ; j py ; vOj pf ; nfhz ;L
mtw;iwr; rupahff; FOf;fSf;Ff;
$Wtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mt;ntz;izr; rupahff; $wpajhf
FOt py ; cs ;s kw ; wtu ; fs ;
jPu;khdpj;jhy; mk;khztUf;F 10
Gs;spfs; fpilf;Fk;.
xt ;nthU khztDk ; Ie ;J
jlitfs; Kaw;rpj;jjd; gpd;du;
nraw ; ghl ;il e piwT ngwr ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
Mrpupau; $Wfpd;w vz;fisAk;
vz;fspd; ngau;fisAk; vOJ-
tjw;F khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
g pd ;tUk ; ml ;ltizapYs;s
,ilntspfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;Aq;fs;.
vz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;if vz;ngau; vz;ngau; vz;ngau; vz;ngau; vz;ngau;
1865 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4706 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''' njhs;shapuj;Jj;
njhz;Z}W
''''''''' Vohapuj;J VO
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
12Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 1010101010 000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;
gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ngl;bfs; 4
³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xt;nthU
ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;.
njhFjp 1
Mapuj;J ,uz;lhapuj;J .... xd;gjhapuj;J
njhFjp 2
E}w;W ,UE}w;W ..... njhs;shapuj;J
vd;wthW..
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kd;ida ghlq;fspy; nra;jJ Nghd;W
khztu ;fSf ;F kdf ; fzpjg ;
gapw;rpfis Kd;itAq;fs;.
vz; ml;ilj; njhFjpfisj; jdpj;-
jdpahf 4 ngl;bfspy; ,Lq;fs;.
ehd;F khztiu mioj;J xUtu;
xU ngl;bapy; ,Ue;Jk; ,d;ndhUtu;
NtnwhU ngl;bapy; ,Ue;Jk; vd;wthW
ehd;F ngl;bfspy; ,Ue;Jk; ehd;F
ml;ilfis vLf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
mtw;iw KOtFg;gpw;Fk; fhl;LkhW
$Wq;fs;.
mjd; gpd;du; vz;ngaiur; rupahf
thrpf ;ff;$bathW xOq;FgLj;jp
itg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
,uz;lhapuj;J vOE}w;W Kg;gj;J vl;L
njhFjp 3
,Ugj;J Kg;gj;J ..... njhz;Z}w;W
njhFjp 4
xd;W ,uz;L ..... xd;gJ
vz; ngaiu khztu; thrpf;f
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thW khztiuf; nfhz;L rpy
vz;fis Mf;fp mt;ntz;fspd;
ngau;fis thrpf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.
thr pj ; j vz ; ngau ;fSf ;Fu pa
vz;Fwpfis vOJtjw;F topg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
vz;ngau; vz;
,uz;lhapuj;J Kg;gj;njl;L 2038 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy;tu; nfhz;l FOf;f-
shf;Fq;fs;.
Kd;du; Nghd;W xt;nthU FO-
Tf;Fk; ml;ilj; njhFjpfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
mwpKfj;jpd;NghJ nra;jJ Nghd;W>
vz; ml;ilfis vLj;J khztu;
xt;nthU ml;iliaAk; Nkirapd;
kPJ itj;J mtw;iwr; rupahfg;
nghUj ;j p > vz;fis thr pf ;f
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vz; ngaiu
vOjp cupa vz;Fwpia vOJ-
tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
$ba mstpy; vz; ngau;fis
Mf ;Ftjw ;Fk ; vOJtjw ;Fk ;
to p g ; gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . mj pfkhd
vz;fis Mf;Ffpd;w FO ntw;wp-
ngWk; vdj; njuptpj;J khztUf;F
Cf;fkspAq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
13 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
vOj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l rpy vz;
ngau ; fis ,yf ;fq ; fs py ;
vOJtjw;F xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ghlk; 1 ,y; cs;sJ Nghd;w
vz; ml;ilj; njhFjp
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Mapuj;jpy; ,Ue;J gj;jhapuk; tiu
Mapuq;fspy; vz;Ztjw;F topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;. (Mapuk;> ,uz;lhapuk;>
...........gj;jhapuk;)
gj ;jha puj ;ijf ; fUk ;gyifapy ;
vOJq;fs;. 10 000 - gj;jhapuk;
mjd; gpd;du; gj;jhapuj;jpy; ,Ue;J
njhz;Z}whapuk; tiuapy; khztUld;
Nru;e;J fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;gyifapy;
vOJq;fs;.
10 000 - gj;jhapuk;20 000 - ,Ugjhapuk;
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
90 000 - njhz;Z}whapuk;
njhz;Z}whapuj ;Jf ;Fg ; g pd ;du ;
kw;nwhU gj;jhapuj;jpd; gpd; tUtJ
E}whapuk; (100 000) vd mwpKfQ;
nra ;J khztiu thr pf ; f
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,jid NkYk ; gj pj ; jYf ;fhf
njhz ;Z}wha p uj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J
njhz;Z}w;nwhd;gjhapuk; tiuapy;
Mapuq;fspy; vz;zp njhz;Z}w;-
nwhd ; gjha p uj ;Jf ;Fg ; g pd ;du ;
E}whapuj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.
90 000 - njhz;Z}whapuk;
91 000 - njhz;Z}w;Nwhuhapuk;
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''99 000 - njhz;Z}w;nwhd;gjhapuk;
100 000 - E}whapuk;
mLj;J gpd;tUk; tpjkhd ngupa vz;
ml;ltiznahd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy;
tiuAq;fs;.
gj;jhapuq;fs; Mapuq;fs; E}Wfs; gj;Jf;fs; xd;Wfs;
epuy;fspy; vOkhw;whf ,yf;fq;fis
(rpy re;ju;g;gj;jpy; g+r;rpaj;ijAk;
cs;slf;fp) vOjp khztu; mt;-
ntz;fisr; rupahff; $Wtjw;F
cjTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
36 147 - Kg;gj;jhwhapuj;J
E}w;W ehw;gj;NjO
30 147 - Kg;gjhapuj;J E}w;W
ehw;gj;NjO
68 350 - mWgj;njl;lhapuj;J
Ke;E}w;W Ik;gJ
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: E}whapuk; E}whapuk; E}whapuk; E}whapuk; E}whapuk; (100(100(100(100(100 000) 000) 000) 000) 000) tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.
vz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fvz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fvz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fvz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fvz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fspYk; vz;fis vOJtspYk; vz;fis vOJtspYk; vz;fis vOJtspYk; vz;fis vOJtspYk; vz;fis vOJthhhhhu;.u;.u;.u;.u;.
ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3
,yf;fq;fspy; vOjg;gl;l rpy
vz;fis vOj;jpy; vOJtjw;F
xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
3 6 1 4 7
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
14Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt ;nthU FOTf;Fk ; xU vz;
ml;ltizAk; 0 Kjy; 9 tiu vz;fs;
vOjg;gl;l vz; ml;ilj; njhFjpfSk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
FOtpy; cs;s KjyhtJ khztu;
vz; ml;ilnahd;iw vLj;J vz;-
ml;ltizapy; xd;wpdplj;jpy; itj;J>
Mf;fpa vz;iz thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
,uz;lhtJ khztu; ,d;ndhU
ml ;ilia vLj ;J mjid
ml;ltizapd; gj ;j pdplj ;j py ;
itj ;J Mf ;fg ;gl ;l vz;iz
thrpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
,t;tpjk; gbg;gbahf Ie;jpyf;-
fq;fs; nfhz;l vz; tiuapy;
fl ; bnaOg ; Gk ; nraw ; ghl ; by ;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
mt;ntz;iz ,yf;fq;fspYk;
vOj;Jf;fspYk; mtu;fsJ gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vdf; $Wq;fs;.
,t;thW Ie;jpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l
vz;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
gj;jhapuq;fs; Mapuq;fs; E}Wfs; gj;Jf;fs; xd;Wfs;
5
gj;jhapuq;fs; Mapuq;fs; E}Wfs; gj;Jf;fs; xd;Wfs;
3 5
gpd;tUk; rpy $w;Wf;fis vOjp
khztUf;F Kd; itAq;fs;.
efunkhd;wpd; Fbj;njhif ,Ugj;ij-
ahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJ MFk;.
Milj; njhopw;rhiyapy; thuk;
xd;Wf;F Kg;gjhapuj;J vOE}w;iwk;gJ
rl;ilfs; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
ghlrhiyf ; fl ;blnkhd ;iwj ;
jpUj;Jtjw;F &gha; Kg;gj;ijahapuj;J
ehD}w;iwk;gJ nrythfpaJ.
,f;$w;Wf;fis thrpg;gjw;F khztiu
topg;gLj;jp mtw;iw ,yf;fq;fspy;
vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.NkYk; mtw;iwf;
fUk ;gyifa py ; vOJtjw ;Fk ;
khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
mLj;jjhf 99 999 I vOjp khztiu
thrpf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
9 9 9 9 9,w ;F mLj ;JtUk ; vz ;
vd;dntd;gij tpdTq;fs;. (tpil
100 000 - E}whapuk;)
khztUf;Fg ; Nghjpa tpsf;fk ;
,y ;iynadpy ; Kjy; ghlj ;j py ;
gj ;jhapuj ;ijf ; fl ;bnaOg;g paJ
Nghd;W E}W Mapuq ;fisAk;
fl;bnaOg;gpf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
NkYk; njspTgLj;Jtjw;F gpd;tUk;
topKiwiag; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
49 528 ,y; ehw;gj;njhd;gJ Mapuq;fs;
cs;sd vd;gij tpsf;fpf; $Wq;fs;.
87 105 ,y; vz;gj;NjO Mapuq;fs;
cs;sd vd;gij tpsf;fpf; $Wq;fs;.
,t;thW gy vz;fis Kd;itj;J
100 000 ,y; 100 Mapuq;fs; cs;sd
vd;gijj; njspTgLj;Jq;fs;. vdNt
100 000 vDk; vz;iz E}whapuk;
vdTk ; nrhy ;yyhk ; vd ; gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
15 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
Nkw;Fwpj;j FOr;nraw;ghLfspd;
Ng hJ vz ;fisr ; r u pahf
vOJtjw;Fk; thrpg;gjw;Fk; KbAk;
vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;-
tjw;F khztupd; nraw;ghLfis
mtjhdpAq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gapw;rpfspy;
khztiu <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: I – XX tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;> tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;> tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;> tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;> tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;>
thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.
ghlk; 4
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
mwpKfk; nra;tjw;fhf
³ Kjy; rpy gf;fq;fspy; cNuhkd;
vz;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gj;jfk;.
³ cNuhkd; vz;Fwpfs; nfhz;l
fbfhu Kfnkhd ;W my ;yJ
mt;thW jahupf;fg;gl;l fbfhu
Kfnkhd;W.
FOr; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf xt;nthU
FOTf;Fk;>
³ 1 - 20 tiu cNuhkd; vz;Fwpfs;
vOjg;gl;l ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;.
³ 1 - 20 tiu ,e;J muhgpa
vz;Fwpfs; vOjg;gl;l ml;ilj;
njhFjpfs;.
³ 1 - 20 tiu vz;Fwpfspd; ngau;
vOjg;gl;l ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
cNuhkd; ,yf;fq;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl;l
Gj;jfj;jpd; gf;fq;fis Kd;itj;J
mjd; Kjy; gf;fj;ijf; fhl;b>
Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s vz; njhlu;ghff;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
fUk;gyifapy; cNuhkd; ,yf;fq;-
fis vOjp> vOjg;gl;l vz;fisg;
gw;wp tpdhTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
I - ................... V - ...................II - ................... X - ...................
III - ...................
cNuhkd; vz;Fwpfs; cs;s fbfhu
Kfj;ij vLj;J mjpYs;s vz;fis
thrpj;J mt;ntz;fis mwpKfQ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
IV, V, VI Mfpa vz;fs; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;
tpjk; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
(Ie;jpw;F xd;W Fiwa> xd;W $l
vd;wthW)
IX, X, XI gj;jpw;F xd;W Fiwa> xd;W
$l vd ;wthW NtWgLtij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gpd;du; XII ,ypUe;J Kd;Ndhf;fp
XX tiu cNuhk vz;Fwpfis
mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;. mtrpakhapd;
Gj ; jfj ; j pYs ;s gf ; fq ; fisf ;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
1. Xupyf;f vz;nzhd;iw vOJq;fs;.
thrpAq;fs;.
2. <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw vOJq;fs;>
thrpAq;fs;.
3. %tpyf;f vz;nzhd;iw vOJq;fs;>
thrpAq;fs;.
4. ehd;fpyf;f vz;nzhd;iw vOJq;fs;>
thrpAq;fs;.
5. Ie;jpyf;f vz;nzhd;iw vOJq;fs;>
thrpAq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
16Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vz; ml;ilj ; njhFjpiaAk;
jdpj;jdpahff; fye;J itf;f
Ntz;Lk;.)
xU khztd; vz; ngaiuAk;
,d;ndhUtu; mjw;Fupa ,e;J
muhgpa vz;FwpiaAk; %d;whktu;
mjw;Fupa cNuhkd; vz;FwpiaAk;
vLj;J itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thwhf khwp khwpg; gy jlitfs;
,r;nraw;ghl;by; <Lglr; nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
,t;ntz;fis cNuhkd; vz;fspy;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
gj;J
gjpd;%d;W
gjpide;J
gjpdhW
gj;njhd;gJ
,UgJ
,t;ntz;fis ,e;J muhgpa
vz;fspy; fhl;Lq;fs;.
XXIIIXVXVIIXXX
ehk; gad;gLj;Jk; ,e;J> muhgpa
vz;Fwpfs;> gj;ij mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L mike;jpUe;j NghjpYk;
cNuhkd ; vz;Fwpfs ; mt;thW
mikf ;fg ;gltpy ;iy. ,j ;jifa
tpsf;fj;Jld; cNuhk vz;Fwpfis
khztUf;F mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.
cNuhkd; vz;Fwpfis Qhgfj;jpy;
itj;jpUg;gjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk; nray;
Kiwia khztUf;F mwpKfQ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
xd;W> Ie;J kw;Wk; gj;J Mfpa vz;
FwpaPLfis mwpKfk; nra;Aq;fs;.
1 2 3 4I II III IV
Ie;Jf;F
xd;W Fiwa
5 6 7 8V VI VII VIII
Ie;Jf;F Ie;Jf;F Ie;Jf;F
xd;W $l ,uz;L $l %d;W $l
9 10IX X
gj;Jf;F xd;W Fiwa
XI gj;J xd;W
XII gj;J ,uz;L
XIII gj;J %d;W
XIV gj;J ehd;F
XV gj;J Ie;J
XVI gj;J MW
XVII gj;J VO
XVIII gj;J vl;L
XIX gj;J xd;gJ
XX gj;J gj;J
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu %tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp %d;W vz; ml;ilj;
njhFj pfisAk ; xt ;nthU
FOTf ;Fk ; jd pj ; jd pahf
toq;Fq;fs;. (khztu; xt;nthU
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
17 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
$l;ly;$l;ly;$l;ly;$l;ly;$l;ly; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
33333
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:xU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; kl;Lk; nfhz;Lnry;yYldxU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; kl;Lk; nfhz;Lnry;yYldxU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; kl;Lk; nfhz;Lnry;yYldxU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; kl;Lk; nfhz;Lnry;yYldxU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; kl;Lk; nfhz;Lnry;yYld;; ;; ;
ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiu nfhz;l nfhz;l nfhz;l nfhz;l nfhz;l ,U vz;fisf;,U vz;fisf;,U vz;fisf;,U vz;fisf;,U vz;fisf;
$l;Lt$l;Lt$l;Lt$l;Lt$l;Lthhhhhu;.u;.u;.u;.u;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp Nju;r;rp((((( ehd;F ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W vz;fis ,Uehd;F ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W vz;fis ,Uehd;F ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W vz;fis ,Uehd;F ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W vz;fis ,Uehd;F ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W vz;fis ,U
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nfhz;L nry;yYld; $l;Lthu;.re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nfhz;L nry;yYld; $l;Lthu;.re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nfhz;L nry;yYld; $l;Lthu;.re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nfhz;L nry;yYld; $l;Lthu;.re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nfhz;L nry;yYld; $l;Lthu;.
%tpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;.%tpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;.%tpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;.%tpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;.%tpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;.
7 7 7 7 7 + 6 6 6 6 6
4 + 6 } 1010 + 3 } 13
7+7 } 1414 - 1 } 13
6 + 6 } 1212 + 1 } 13
7 + 3 } 1010 + 3 } 13
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ $l;ly;
³ Kd;nfhz;L nry;yy;
³ gj;Jf;fs; ³ E}Wfs;
³ Mapuq;fs; ³ xd;Wfs;
³ vz;zpfs; ³ $l;Lj;njhif
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ vz; ml;ilfs;
1294 3629 6239 4245
520 2019
³ vz;zpfs; (tpij> fw;Wz;Lfs;>
%bfs;) 40 tiuapy;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
20 tiuapy; vz; gpizg;Gf;fis
kPl;Lq;fs;.
8 + 7" 3 + 5" 12 + 4" 17 + 2" 3 + 3" 9 + 1Nghd;w tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
khztnuhUtu ; jtwhf t pil
aspj;jhy; khztu; Rakhfj; jpUj;jpf;
nfhs ;tij Cf ;Ft pg ; gjw ;fhf >
kw;wtu;fsplk; mtu; nrhy;tJ rupah?
ahUf;NfDk; NtW tpj;jpahrkhd
tpilfs; cz;lh? vd tpdt Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij epidtpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
7+6" 9+4" 11+5 Nghd ; w r py
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf; nfhz;L khztu;
tpj;jpahrkhd cj;jpfisf; fw;Wf;
nfhs ;tjw ;fhf mtu ;fs ; jkJ
t pilfis vt ;thW ngw ;Wf ;
nfhz;lhu;fs; vd;gij tpdTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf>
7+6 } 13 tpilfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
gy ; NtW to pKiwfs ; f P No
fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
NkNyAs;s kdf;fzpjj ;Jf ;fhd
xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;ijAk; khztUf;F
ed;F njspTgLj;Jq;fs;. kdjhy;
$l;Lfpd;w Kiwiaf; fUk;gyifapy;
FwpAq;fs;.
,t;thwhd,t;thwhd,t;thwhd,t;thwhd,t;thwhd
gy re;ju;g;gq;fisgy re;ju;g;gq;fisgy re;ju;g;gq;fisgy re;ju;g;gq;fisgy re;ju;g;gq;fis
Kd;itg;gjhy; khztu; jhq;fs;Kd;itg;gjhy; khztu; jhq;fs;Kd;itg;gjhy; khztu; jhq;fs;Kd;itg;gjhy; khztu; jhq;fs;Kd;itg;gjhy; khztu; jhq;fs;
mjpfk; tpUk;GtJ ,yFthfmjpfk; tpUk;GtJ ,yFthfmjpfk; tpUk;GtJ ,yFthfmjpfk; tpUk;GtJ ,yFthfmjpfk; tpUk;GtJ ,yFthf
tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; topKiwiaNatpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; topKiwiaNatpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; topKiwiaNatpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; topKiwiaNatpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; topKiwiaNa
vd;gij ,dq;fz;L nfhs;svd;gij ,dq;fz;L nfhs;svd;gij ,dq;fz;L nfhs;svd;gij ,dq;fz;L nfhs;svd;gij ,dq;fz;L nfhs;s
cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
18Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nfhz;L nry;tij
tpsf;fpf; $Wq;fs;.
3629 ck; 2019
gy vz; ml;ilfisf; fhl;b mtw;wpy;
,uz;L vz;fisf; $l;Lk;NghJ 5 648
tpilahf tUk; tpjkhf (,t;
tpilf;F Vw;w vz;fis cs;slf;
Fq;fs;) ,uz;L vz;fisj; njupe;J
vLf;Fk;gb khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.
,jw;fhf khztu;fsJ cjtpiag;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ mtrpak; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; Kiwapy; vz; ml;ilfis
tFg;gpy; Kd;itAq;fs;.
1294 3629 6239
4245 520 2019
nghUj ;jkhd vz ; ml ;ilfs ;
,uz;ilj; njupTnra;ifapy;> nra;aj;
jfhjtw;iw vLj;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
1. tpilia tplg; ngupa vz;izj;
njupTnra;jy;. 6239
2. tpilapd; filrp ,yf;fk; 8 Mf
mikahj ,U vz;fisj; njupT
nra;jy;.
3629> 1214 Nghd;w xNu jlitapy;
tpil fpilf;fhJ vd cj;Njrpf;ff;
$ba ,U vz ;fisj ; nju pT
nra;Aq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1294 cld;; 4245 If; $l;Ltjw;F
khztuJ cjtpiag ; ngw ;Wf ;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
129442455539
tpil jtwhdjhy; Vw;w vz;fs;
,uz ;il khztu ; cjt pAld ;
njupe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.
nfhz;L nry;Yk; re ;ju ;g ;gj ;ij
tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;. Njitahapd;>
Bdpd; fl;ilfs;> vz;rl;lk; ml;ltiz
Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
vz; ml;ilfs; 6 tPjk; FOf;
fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
Mrpupau; $Wk; vz;> tpilahf
tUk; tpjkhf vz; ml;ilfisg;
nghUj;jkhfj; njupe;J> $l;ly;
gapw ;r piar; nra;J fhl;LkhW
FOf ;fSf ;F MNyhrid
toq;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU $l;ly; nraw;ghl;ilAk;
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf; nfhs;s
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJk ; ga pw ;r pg ; Gj ;jfj ;j py ;
Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; NghJk; ed;F
mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd cjtp
fis toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
1& ^2&
1 235 3 026 + 1 546 + 2 748
3& ^4&
4 179 5 801 + 4 213 + 2 545
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
19 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky;yf ; fw ;Fk ; khztUf;F
nfhz ;L nry ;yy ; ,y ;yhj
4 ,yf;fk; nfhz;l ,U vz;fis>
vz;rl;l ml;iliag; gad;gLj;jpf;
$l;b tpiliag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;-
tjw;F xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
Ntfkhff; fw;Fk; khztUf;F ,U
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nfhz;L nry;y-
Yldhd ,U ehd;fpyf;f vz;-
fisf; $l;Ltjw;fhd gapw;rpfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:,U re;ju ;g ;gq;fspy; nfhz;Lnry;yYld; ehd;F,U re;ju ;g ;gq;fspy; nfhz;Lnry;yYld; ehd;F,U re;ju ;g ;gq;fspy; nfhz;Lnry;yYld; ehd;F,U re;ju ;g ;gq;fspy; nfhz;Lnry;yYld; ehd;F,U re;ju ;g ;gq;fspy; nfhz;Lnry;yYld; ehd;F
,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ,U vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd;,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ,U vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd;,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ,U vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd;,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ,U vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd;,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ,U vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd;
ngWthu ; .ngWthu ; .ngWthu ; .ngWthu ; .ngWthu ; .
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ 5 + 9 Nghd;w vz; gpizg;Gfs;
nfhz;l ml;ilfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
kdf;fzpjg; gapw;rpf;fhfg; gpd;tUk;
tpjkhd ml;ilfs; gytw;iwf;
nfhLj ;J t piliag ; ngw ;Wf ; -
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
5 + 9 } 8 + 9 }6 + 7 } 5 + 9 }
tpiuthf tpiliag ; ngw ;Wf ; -
nfhs;Sk; ,yFthd topKiw gw;wp
khztuplk; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 8 + 9 tpiliag;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba gy topfs;
fPNoAs;sd.
I 8 + 8 + 1
II 8 + 2 + 7 17
III 9 + 9 - 1
nfhz;Lnry;Yk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; ,uz;L
nfhz;l gpd;tUk; tpjkhd $l;ly;
gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;g;gjw;F cjTkhW
khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.
4597+ 3023
nfhz;Lnry;yiy tpsf;Fq;fs;.
1 2 34597 4597 4597
3023 3023 3023 0 20 7620
mtrpakhapd;> Bdpd; ; fl;ilfs;>
vz;tiy> vz;rl;lk; Nghd;wtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
NkYk; ,t;thwhd gpurpdq;fis
Kd;itj ;J nfhz;L nry ;yiy
tpsq;fg;gLj;jp> gpurpdk; jPu;g;gjw;F>
Kd;tUk; khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu %tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf ;fshf ;Fq ;fs ; . nfhz;L-
nry;yy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fs; nfhz;l
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd xg;gilia
FOf;fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
A B4750 43686809 12589910 7190
A apy; ,Ue;J tpUk;gpa ve;j
vz;izahfpYk; B apy; cs;s ve;j
vz;ZlDk; $l;Lq;fs;. Fiwe;j
gl;rk; vl;Lf; fzf;FfisNaDk;
nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
20Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
xU jlitapy; xU khztd; A
a py ; ,Ue ;J vz ;izj ;
nju pTnra ;aTk ; ,d ;ndhU
khztd; B apy; ,Ue;J vz;izj;
njupT nra;aTk; mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
njupTnra;j vz;fisf; $l;LkhW
kw;nwhU khztdplk; $Wq;fs;.
re ;ju ;g ;gq;fis khw;wp khw;wp
ms pj ;J ,r ; nraw ; g hl ;il
Kd;ndLj ;Jr ; nry ;y topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
khztu; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;b-
Uf;Fk;NghJ ed;F mtjhdpAq;fs;.
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
khztuJ gpurpdq;fis ,dq;fz;L
cjtp toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
1& 2& 3& 4&
2345 4174 6409 6856+ 3467 + 585 +1399 + 3044
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;
cs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;Lcs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;Lcs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;Lcs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;Lcs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;L
my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gpd;tUk; jfty;fisf; nfhz;l
XusT ngu pa mst pyhd
ml;ltiznahd;W.
Milj; njhopw;rhiynahd;wpy;
Kjy; fhyhz;L cw;gj;jp
khjk; ngz;fspd; Mz;fspd;
Mil Mil
rdtup 1 532 1 375
ngg;utup 836 911
khu;r; 2 462 2 458
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
$l;Lj;njhif 20 tiuapy; cs;s vz;
gpizg;Gfis epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
13 + 12" 26 + 13 Nghd;w nfhz;L
nry ;yy ; ,y;yhj ,U <u pyf ;f
vz;fspd; $l;Lj;njhifia kdjhy;
fhz;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
12 cld; 13 If; $l;Lq;fs;. ngwg;gLk;
tpilAld; kPz;Lk; 11 If; $l;bdhy;
vt;tsT? Nghd;w nfhz;L nry;yy;
,y;yhj %d;W vz;fspd; $l;Lj;-
njhifia kdjhy; fzpg;gjw;fhd
tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
khztnuhUtu; mjw;F tpilaspj;j
gpd;du; mJ rupah> gpioah vd kw;w
khztu;fsplk; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
Kbe ; jsT FWf pa fhyj ; j py ;
midj;J khztu;fSf;Fk; tha;g;G
f pilf ;ff ;$bathW ,t ;thwhd
kdf ;fz pj t pdhf ; fis Kd ;
itAq;fs;.
NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizia
tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg ;gLj;Jq;fs;. ,j;
njhopw;rhiyapy; Kjy; fhyhz;by;
cw ;gj ;j p nra ;ag ;gl ;l ngz;fs ;
Milfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if ahJ?
vDk; tpdhit khztUf;F Kd;-
itAq;fs;.
1 532> 836> 2 462 Mfpa vz;fis
,lg;ngWkhd epuy;fspy; vOjpf;
fhl;Lk; tpjj;ijf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
21 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
M E} g x
1 1 11 5 3 2 8 3 62 4 6 24 8 3 0
Xuplj;jpy; ,Ue;J mLj;j ,lj;jpw;Ff;
nfhz;L nry;Yk; re;ju;g;gq;fis
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ml;ltiziag;
gad;gLj;jpg; gpd;tUk; gpurpdq;fisf;
FOf;fspy; fye;Jiuahbj; jPu;g;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
1. [dtu p khjj ;j py ; cw ;gj ;j p
nra;ag;gl;l Milfspd; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
2. ngg;utup khjj;jpy; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gl;l Milfspd; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
3. khu ; r ; khjj ;j py ; cw ; gj ; j p
nra;ag;gl;l Milfspd; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
4. Kjw ; fhyhz;by ; cw ;gj ;j p
nra;ag;gl;l Mz;;fs; Milfspd;
nkhj;j vz;zpf;if ahJ?
gpd;tUk; ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp
nra;tjw;F khztiu topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
khjnkhd;wpy; Milfs; njhif
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
1' fpuhknkhd;wpy; 2 468 Mz;fSk;
1 5 4 4 ngz ;fSk ; cs ;sdu ; .
mq;Fs;s nkhj;jf; Fbj;njhif
ahJ?
2' G+f;fd;W ehw;W Nkilnahd;wpy;
me;J}upak; 3 874 ck; Xf;fpl;
fd;Wfs; 3 579 ck; ; cs;sd.
G+f;fd;Wfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if
iaf; fhZq;fs;.
3' gog;ghdj; njhopw;rhiynahd;wpy;
khjnkhd;wpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
ghdg; Nghj;jy;fspd; vz;zpf;if
fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
Njhlk;gok; 2 125> md;dhrp 1 540>
fyg;Gg; goq;fs; 1 679 MFk;.
mk;khjj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
gog;ghdg; Nghj;jy;fspd; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhZq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;Ff;
nfhz ;Lnry ;yy ; ,y ;yhj 3
,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l 3 vz;fisf;
$l;Lk; gapw;rpia Kd;itAq;fs;.
Ntfkhff ; fw ;Fk ; khztiu
Nkw;Fwpj ;j ml;ltizf;Nfw;g
njho pw ; r hiya py ; cw ; gj ; j p
nra;ag;gl;l Milfspd; nkhj;j
vz ;z pf ;ifiaf ; fhZkhW
$Wq;fs;. ,uz;L top KiwfspYk;
$l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhz topg;
gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . mit ,uz;Lk ;
ru pahdit vd ;gij mwpe ;J
nfhs;Sk; Kiwia cWjpg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
khjk; ngz;fs; Mz;fs; nkhj;jk;
Mil Mil
[dtup 1 532 1 375 .....
ngg;utup 836 911 .....
khu;r; 2 462 2 458 .....
nkhj;jk; ..... ..... .....
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
22Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ $l;ly;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ "KOtFg ; G mw pKfj ;j py ; " ;cs;sthW jfty; ml;ltiz.
³ 1+5+3 } 7+4+3+1 }
6+0+2+3+9 } 2+5+4+1+3+3 }
Nghd;w rpy ml;ilfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s $l;ly;
ml ;ilfis xt ;nthd ; w hf
Kd;itj;J tpilfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fs ; > ehd ;F
,yf ;fq ; fs ; kw ;Wk ; Ie ;J
,yf;fq ;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly ;
ml;ilfis xOq;FKiwapy; Kd;
itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 2 + 7 + 9 =tpiliag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s gpd;tUk;
topKiwia cgNahfpAq;fs;.
Kjypy; 2 + 7 = 9 vdTk;9 + 9 = 18 vdTk; kdjhy;fzf;fpLk; Kiwia
khztuplkpUe;Nj
ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
5 + 7 + 2 + 4 = tpiliag ;
ngw ;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F gpd;tUk;
topKiwiag; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
5 + 7 = 12 vdTk; 12 + 2 = 14vdTk; 14 + 4 = 18 vd;wthW
tpiliag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
6 + 0 + 2 + 7 + 3 = tpiliag;
ngw ;Wf ;nfhs;tjw ;F gpd ;tUk;
topKiwia cgNahfpAq;fs;.
6 + 0 = 6 vdTk; 6 + 2 = 8 vdTk;8 + 7 = 15 vdTk; 15 + 3 = 18vd;wthW tpiliag; ngw ;Wf ;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
khztu; Nkw;Fwpj;j tpjkhf Ie;J
,yf;fq;fs; tiuapy; $l;Lfpd;w
j pwidg ; ngw ;Wf ;nfhs ;tjw ;F
cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.
g+e;Njhl;lk; xd;iwg; ghu;itapL-
tjw;fhf Ie;J thu ehl;fspYk;
tUif je;jtu;fspd; vz;zpf;if
fPNoAs;s ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;-
gl;Ls;sJ.
ehs; rpWtu;fs; rpWkpfs;; Mz;fs; ngz;fs; nkhj;jk;
jpq;fs; 437 305 243 165
nrt;tha; 129 141 97 49
Gjd; 69 83 21 27
tpahod; 523 667 518 307
nts;sp 460 873 260 289
nkhj;jk;
,e ;j ml ;ltizia xt ;nthU
khztUf;Fk; njupAk; tifapy;
fUk;gyifapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ml;ltizapy; cs;s tpguq;fis
thrpg;gjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
jpq ;fsd;W tUif je;jtu ;fsJ
nkhj ;j vz;zpf ;ifiaf ; fhz
Ntz;Lk; vdTk; mjw;fhf $l;l
Ntz;ba vz;fs; 437> 305> 243 kw;Wk;
165 vd ;gij khztu plk pUe ;Nj
mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;
$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
23 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
1 2
4 3 73 0 52 4 3
+ 1 6 51 1 5 0
^xd;Wfisf; $l;Ljy;.
7 + 5 } 12" 12 + 3 } 15" 15 + 5 } 20&^gj;Jf;fisf; $l;Ljy;.
gj;Jf;fisg; NghyNt $l;Ljy;.
2+3 } 5" 5+0 } 5" 5+4 } 9" 9+6 } 15gj;Jf;fs; 15 cs;sd.&
^E}Wfisg; NghyNt $l;Ljy;.
1+4 } 5" 5+3 } 8" 8+2 }10" 10+1}11^E}Wfs; 11 cs;sd.&
,JNghyNt kw ;nwhU ehs py ;
g+e;Njhl;lj;Jf;F tUif je;jtu;fsJ
vz ;z pf ;ifiaf ; fhz ; gjw ;F >
Kd;tUk; khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
G +e ;Njhl ;lj ;Jf ;F tUif je ;j
rpWkpfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhz;gJ
vt ;thW vd ; gij khztu plk ;
tpdTq;fs;.
vz;fisj; njupTnra;J> mjidf;
$l;Lfpd;w topKiwfis tpsf;F
tjw;F khztUf;Fr; re ;ju ;g ;gk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
midtUk ; mw pe ;J nfhs ;Sk ;
tifapy; vz;fisj; njupT nra;J
nfhs;Sk; KiwiaAk; $l;Lfpd;w
topKiwiaAk; kPz;Lk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztu; FOTf;Fk;
Nkw;Fwpj;j ml;ltizfs; ,uz;L
tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.
,Utu; ,Utuhf vz;zpf;ifiaf;
fhz;gjw;F topelj;Jq;fs;.
FOtpYs;s ,U NrhbfspdJk;
ngWNgWfis xg;gpl;L rupahd-
njd ; gij cWj p g ; gLj ; j p f ; -
nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jtwhf ,Uf;F
kplj;J mjidr; rPu;nra;Jnfhs;-
tjw;Fk;; topfhl;Lq;fs;.
mtrpakhapd; Mrpupaupd; cjtp-
iaAk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj
%d;W> ehd;F kw;Wk; Ie;J vz;fs;
cs;slq;fpa gapw;rpfis khzt-
Uf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;Fj;
Njitahd cgfuzq ;fisg ;
(vz;zpfs;> Bdpd;; fl;ilfs;> vz;
rl ;lk ; ) gad;gLj ;j pf ; $l ;ly ;
gapw;rpia tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
24Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : 99999 999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J
,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
fopj;jy;fopj;jy;fopj;jy;fopj;jy;fopj;jy;
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:nfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;lnfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;lnfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;lnfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;lnfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;l
%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;
gpur;rpdq;fisj; gpur;rpdq;fisj; gpur;rpdq;fisj; gpur;rpdq;fisj; gpur;rpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
4 4 4 4 4
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ fopj;jy;
³ ePf;Fjy;
³ tplf; $ba
³ tplf; Fiwa
³ nfhz;L tUjy;
³ kPjp
³ NtWghL
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ 'KOtFg;G mwpKfk;" gFjpapy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ml;ilfs;
³ fopj;jy; gpurpdj;Jld; $ba
ml;ilnahd;W
³ FOf;fspd; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd
xg;gilal;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
kdf;fzpj Kiwapy; tpiliag;
ngWtjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk; gy;NtW
gpurpdq;fis khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
ml;ilfisf; fhz;gpj;J tpilfisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
1& 5 - 4 } 7 - 3 } 8 - 4 }
9 - 4 } 6 - 6 } 5 - 0 }
7 - 2 }
2& gpd;tUk; tpjkhd ml;ilfisf;
fhz;gpj;J tpilfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
17 - 9 } 11 - 8 } 16 - 7 }
13 - 6 } 14 - 5 } 12 - 3 }
15 - 8 } 10 - 4 }
NkNy jug ; gl ;Ls ;s fo pj ;jy ;
re;ju;g;gq;fs;> vt;tifahd fopj;jy;
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;gjw;Fk; cjtpahFk;
vd;gjhy; xt;nthU khztDk;; mr;
re ;ju ;g ;gq;fSf;fhd tpilfisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; jpwidg; ngw;wpUj;jy;
kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. mjdhy; NkNy
jug ;gl ;Ls ;s g pur pdq ;fSf ;fhd
tpilfisg; ngw ;Wf ; nfhs;Sk;
,yFthd topKiwfisg; gw;wp
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
Mrpupau; jkf;Fj; jPu;f;f Ntz;ba
gpurpdk; xd;W ,Ug;gjhff; $wp>
gpd;tUk; fzpjg; gpurpdj;ij vy;yh
khztUk; thrpf;ff;$ba tifapy;
vOjp tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ghlrhiyapd; nkhj;j khztu;fs;
njhif 857 MFk;. ngz; khztu;fspd;;
vz;zpf;if 491 MFk;. Muk;gf;fy;tpg;
gpuptpy; fy;tp fw;Fk; khztu; njhif
249.
1. ghlrhiyapYs;s Mz; khztu;-
fspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if ahJ?
2. Muk;gf;fy;tpg; gpupT my;yhj
khztu;fsJ nkhj;j vz;zpf;if
ahJ?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
25 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,g;gpurpdj;ij khztu; ,Ujlit
my;yJ gy jlitfs; thrpg;gjw;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. gpurpdj;ij
ed ;F t psq ;f p f ; nfhs ;tjw ;Fg ;
nghUj ;jkhd r py tpdhf ;fis
tpdTq;fs;. Kjy; gpurpdj;ijj;
jPu;g;gjw;Fr; nra;a Ntz;banjd;d
vd;gij khztuplNk Nfl;L mwpe;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Mz; khztu;fs; vz;zpf;ifia
mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf nkhj;j khztu;
vz ;z pf ;ifa py pUe ;J ngz ;
khztu ;fspd ; vz;zpf ;ifiaf ;
fopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztuplk;
Nfl;L mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.
8 5 7
- 4 9 1
6 ^xd;Wf;fspy;; ,Ue;J fopj;jy;&
6 0
3 0 0 E}wpdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J fopj;jy;
3 6 6 tpiliag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;
xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;ijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
nfhz;L tUjy; kw;Wk; nfhz;L
tUjypd; gpd;du; E}wpdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J
fopj;jypy; mtjhdk; nrYj;Jq;fs;.
Muk;gg; gpupT my;yhj khztu;
vzzpf ;ifiaf ; fhz;gjw ;fhf
nkhj;j khztu; njhifapy; ,Ue;J
Muk;gg; gpupT khztu; njhifiaf;
fopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztuplk;
Nfl;lwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
8 5 7 - 2 4 9
tpiliag ; ngw ;Wf ;nfhs ;tjw ;F
Kd;tUk; khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
fopj;jy; nra;if Kiwia KO
tFg;Gf;Fk; tpsf;Ftjw;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu %tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp> gp ;d;tUk; tpjkhd
(Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;F Vw;g) xg;gil
ml;ilia toq;Fq;fs;.
1. 283 Kl;ilfspy; 92 Kl;ilfs;
tpw;fg;gl;ld. kpFjpahf cs;s
Kl;ilfs; vj;jid?
2. tpohnthd;wpw;F tUif je;j
ghu;itahsu;fs; njhif 957.
mtu;fspy; cs;ehl;Lg; ghu;it-
ahsu;fs; njhif 784 MFk;.
ntspehl;Lg; ghu;itahsu; njhif
ahJ?
3. xU Njhl;lj;jpy; %d;W khj
fhyj;jpy; gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;-
fs pd ; vz ;z pf ;if f P No
jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
[dtup 430
ngg;utup 501
khu;r; 450
i& [dtup> ngg;utup khjq;fspy;
gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;fspd;
nkhj;j vz;zpf;if khu;r;
khjk; gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;-
fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl
vt;tsT mjpfk;?
ii& [dtup> khu;r; khjq;fspy;
gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;fspd;
vz;zpf;iff;Fk; ngg;utup
khjk; gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;
-fspd ; vz;zpf ;iff ;Fk ;
,ilNa cs;s tp;j;jpahrk;
ahJ?
xU FO Kjy; tpdhit thrpf;f
kw ;iwa FO mjid ed ;F
nrt pkLj ;J t psq ;f pf ;nfhs ;sr ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
fye;Jiuahbg; gpurpdk; jPu;g;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t ;thNw ,uz ;lhk ; > %d ;whk ;
tpdhf;fisAk; thrpg;gjw;F Vida
FOf;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
gj;jpdplj;jpy;; nfhz;L
tUjYld; fopj;jy;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
26Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpjr ; nra ;iffis thr pj ;J
tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sTk;> gpurpde; jPu;j;j-
Yf;fhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LglTk;;
topfhl;ly; mtrpakhd FOf;fSf;F
cjTq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; gpurpdj;ij thrpj ;J
tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sdu; vd;gijj;
nju p e ;J nfhs ;tjw ; f hff ;
FOf;fsplk; nrd;W tpdhf;fis
tpdTq;fs;.
gpurpde; jPu;f;Fk;NghJ fopj;jy;
nra;iffisr; rupahfr; nra;fpwhu;-
fsh vd;gij mtjhdpAq;fs;.
nfhz;L tUjypy; ,lu;g;gLfpd;w
khztUf;Fg; NghjpasT vz;zpfisg;
gad;gLj;jp gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;g;gjw;F
cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.
g pd ;tUk ; Kiwapy ; fopj ;jy ;
g p u r pdq ;fisj ; j P u ; g ; gjw ;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
4 0 3 8 9 1- 2 8 1 - 3 8 9
6 2 5 9 1 3- 2 0 7 - 5 0 4
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ fopj;jy; ³ ePf;Fjy;
³ kpff;FiwT ³ kpFjp
³ kpf mjpfk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ xg;gil ml;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
vz;fisf; fopj ;jy; njhlu;ghd
mbg;gilj; jpwd;fis Nkk;gLj;J
tjw;fhf kdf;fzpjg; gapw;rpfisg;
gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gpd ;tUk; fopj ;jy; gapw ;r pfis
tha;%yk; tpdTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
9 - 5 8 - 3 7 - 2
15 - 8 19 - 5 12 - 6
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;
vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk; 2
VNjDk; Xu; vz;zpypUe;J 9 If;
fopf;f Ntz;Lkhapd;> Kjypy; 10 I
vLj;J tpl;Lg;; gpd;du; 1 If; $l;Ljy;>
8 If; fopf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; 10 I
vLj;Jtpl;L> 2 If; $l;Ljy; Nghd;w
cj ;j p fis Nkw ; nfhs ;tjw ;F
khztiu topg ;gLj;Jq;fs; .NtW
tpj;jpahrkhd cj;jpfs; cs;sdth
vd;gij khztuplk; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
kdjhy; jPu ;g ;gjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk;
tpjkhd ,yFthd gpurpdq;fis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
18 ,ypUe;J 3 If; fopj;jhy; kPjp
vt;tsT?
19 ,ypUe;J 5If; fopj;jhy; kPjp
vt;tsT?
vd;dplk; 9 wk;Gl;lhd;fs; cs;sd.
mtw;wpy; 2 I ehd; cz;Nld;. vQ;rpa
wk;Gl;lhd;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
27 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
kPdhtplk; 9 ngd;rpy;fs; cs;sd.
mts ; mj py ; 3I Nwhr pf ;Ff ;
nfhLj;jhs;. ,g;NghJ kPdhtplk;
vj;jid ngd;rpy;fs; cs;sd?
rkdplk; 8 khk;goq;fs; cs;sd.
mkPdplk; 3 khk;goq;fs; cs;sd.
,UtuplKk; cs;s khk;goq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if rkdhtjw;F mkPDf;F
,d;Dk; vj;jid khk;goq;fs; Njit?
gpd;tUk; gpurpdj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;
vOJq;fs;.
5 3 4 - 3 7 6
,g;gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;f;Fk; Kiwiag;
gpd;tUk; Kiwapy; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Kjy; gbKjy; gbKjy; gbKjy; gbKjy; gb
4 ,ypUe;J 6 If; fopf;f Kbahjjhy;>
gj ;j pd plj ;j py ; ,Ue ;J xd;iwf ;
nfhz;L tUk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
5 3 4- 3 7 6
8 14 - 6 } 8
,uz;lhtJ gb,uz;lhtJ gb,uz;lhtJ gb,uz;lhtJ gb,uz;lhtJ gb
gj;jpdplj;jpy; ,uz;L gj;Jf;fs;
(3- 1 ) cs;sd. ,uz;L gj;Jf;fspy;
7 gj;Jf;fisf; fopf;f KbahJ.
vdNt E}wpdplj;jpypUe;J xd;iwf;
nfhz;L te;J 12 gj;Jf;fspypUe;J
7 gj;Jf;fisf; fopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
4 2
5 3 4- 3 7 6
5 8 12 - 7 } 5
%d;whtJ gb%d;whtJ gb%d;whtJ gb%d;whtJ gb%d;whtJ gb
,g;NghJ E}wpdplj;jpy; ehd;F
E}Wfs; cs;sd. vdNt ehd;F
E}wpdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J 3 E}Wfisf;
fo pf ; f KbAk ; vd ; gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
4 2
5 3 4 - 3 7 6
1 5 8 4 - 3 } 1
mtrpakhapd; nfhz;L tUjYldhd
fopj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fis ml;ltiz/vz; rl ;lk ; / Bd ;] ; fl ;ilfs ;
Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp tpsf;
Fq ;fs ; . NkYk ; mt ;thwhd
gpur pdq;fis toq;f p (nfhz;L
tUjYldhd re;ju;g;gq;fis tpsf;fp)
Kd;tUfpd;w khztid mtw;iwj;
jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
khztUf;Ff; nfhz;L tUjYldhd
re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gLk; NghJ mjid
tpsf;Ftjw;F cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.
8 1 0 4 0 7 - 4 8 5 - 2 5 9
Nghd;wthW gpurpdk; jPu;f;Fk; Kiwia
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy;tu; nfhz;l FOf;f-
shf;Fq;fs;.
,uz;L re;ju;g ;gq;fspy; nfhz;L
tUjYldhd gpurpdq;fisf; nfhz;l
gpd;tUk; xg;gilg; gj;jpuq;fisg;
gfpu;e;J mspAq;fs;.
4 9 3 7 7 0 6 0 5 8 1 0 - 2 9 4 - 5 8 4 - 3 9 7 - 1 2 7
xU khztd; gpur pde ; j Pu ;f ;Fk;
Kiwia tpsf;Fk;NghJ> kw;iwa
khztu; %tUk; mjid cd;dpg;ghf
mtjhdpf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;. gpur;rpde;
jPu;f;Fk; Kiwia tpsf;Ftjw;fhd
re;ju;g ;gj;ij rfy khztUf;Fk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
28Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
Nkyjpfr; nraw;ghLfs; Njitg;
gLfpd;w khztUf;fhf> g+r;rpak;
cs;s re;ju;g;gq;fs; mlq;fpa
gapw;rpfis toq;Fq;fs;.
2 5 0 6 0 1 8 1 0- 1 8 5 - 3 4 4 - 3 2 7
cjtp Njitg;gLfpd;w khztiuf;
nfhz;L nry;yypy;yhj gapw;rp
kw;Wk; xU ,lj;jpypUe;J nfhz;L
nry;yy;> ,uz;L ,lq;fspypUe;J
nfhz;L nry;yy; Nghd;w fzpjg;
gapw;rpfspy; fpukkhd Kiwapy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
Njitahd re ;ju ; g ; gq ; fs py ;
nghUj;jkhd fw;wy; cjtpfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs;
³ nfhz;L tUjy;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ vz; ml;il
³ Bd;];; fl;ilfs;
³ KO tFg;Gf;Fk; mwpKfk;
nra;tjw;fhd Xu; ml;ltiz
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kjyhk; ghlj ;j pd ; KO tFg;G
mwpKfj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ Nghy;
KbAkhd msT t pdhf ; fis
Kd;itj;J> kdf;fzpj Kiwapy;
tpilfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
g pd ;tUk ; ml ;ltiznahd ;iw
khztUf;Ff; fhl;rpg ;gLj;Jq;fs;.
nrayhsu; xUtuJ njuptpd;NghJ
mNgl;rfu;fs; ehy;tu; ngw;w thf;F-
fs pd ; t p g uk ; ml ; ltiza py ;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>
ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;
jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.
ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3
mNgl;rfu; ngw;w vz;zpf;if
thf;Ffs;
A 8 438B 7 904C 6 156D 4 081
1' mNgl;rfu; A ngw;w thf;Ffs; Bngw;w thf;Ffis tpl vt;tsT
mjpfk;?
gpurpdj;ij Kd;itj;jgpd;> khztu;
thrpj;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F
mtfhrk;; toq;Fq;fs;.
gpurpde; jPu;g;gjw;fhf> Kd;tUfpd;w
khztDf ;Fr ; re ;ju ; g ; gj ;ij
toq;Fq;fs;.
8 4 3 8 - 7 9 0 4
fopj ;jw ; nra;ifia xd;whk ;
,lj;jpypUe;J xOq;F Kiwapy;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
29 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
2' mNgl;rfu; C kw;Wk; D ,UtUk;ngw;w thf;FfSf;fpilNa cs;s
tpj;jpahrk; vj;jid?
g pur pdj ;ij thr pf ;fTk ; t pj ;j p
ahrj;ijf; fhZk; tpjj;ijj; Njb-
awpaTk;; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
gpurpde; jPu;j;jypd;NghJ nfhz;L
nry;yYf;fhd ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fis
tpsf;Fq;fs;. mtrpakhapd;> vz;
ml;il> Bd;]; fl;ilfs;> Nghd;w-
tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp> gpurpde; jPu;j;jiy
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
6 1 5 6- 4 0 8 1
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp> gpd;tUk;
t pjkhd xg ; gil xd ;iw
toq;Fq;fs;. xg;gilg; gj;jpuj;ijj;
jahupg;gjw;fhf NkNy ml;ltiz-
apYs;s jfty;fisg ; gad; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
1. mNgl;rfu; C I tpl mNgl;rfu; Bmjpfkhfg; ngw;Ws;s thf;Ffspd;
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
2. mNgl;rfu; D I tpl mNgl;rfu; Amjpfkhfg; ngw;Ws;s thf;Ffspd;
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
3. A kw;Wk; C mNgl;rfu;fs; ngw;Ws;s
thf ;Ffs ; vz ;zpf ;if a pd ;
tpj;jpahrk; vj;jid?
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; FOr; nraw;ghLfspy;
<Lgl;bUf;ifapy; FOf;fSf;Fr;
nrd;W Njitahd cjtpfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
mtrpakhapd; Bd;]; fl;ilfisg;
gad;gLj;jpg; gpurpde; jPu;g;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ fopj;jy; ³ nfhz;LtUjy;
³ mjpfk; ³ FiwT
³ tpj;jpahrk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gpurpdq;fs; mlq;fpa ml;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kjyhk; ghlj ;j pd ; KO tFg;G
mwpKfj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ Nghy;
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;
nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4
$Lkhd tiua py ; kdf ;fz pj
Kiwapy; tpdhf;fisf; tpdTq;fs;.
t pdhf ; fSf ;fhd t pilfis
tpiuthfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F
Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;.
18 - 9 } 13 - 6 } 14 - 7 }
Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;fhd ,yFthd
nra ;ifKiwia khztu plk ;
t pdTq;fs; . ,yFthd nra;if
Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
30Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Gifa p uj e piyaj ;Jf ;F
ehnshd ;Wf ;F cs ;tUk ;
gazpfs; vz;zpf;if 4107.
ntspNaWk; gazpfs; vz;-
zpf;if 2359. cs; tUfpd;w
gazpfs; vz;zpf;iff;Fk; ;
nts pNaWf pd ;w gazpfs ;
vz;zpf;iff;FkpilNa cs;s
tpj;jpahrk; vt;tsT?
3&xU j pdj ; j py ; ,lk ;ngw ; w
Ma ;t pd ; Ng hJ Gifa p uj
epiyaj;jpd; cs;te;j gazpfs;
vz ;z pf ;if 4 1 0 7 MfTk ;
ntspNawpa gazpfs; vz;-
zpf;if 2359 MfTk; fhzg;-
gl;lJ. ntspNawpa gazpfs;
vz;zpf;if cs;te;j gazpfs;
vz;zpf;ifia tpl vt;tsT
FiwthdJ?
''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''
Xt;nthU gpurpdj;ijAk; ntt;Ntwhf
thrpj;J> ed;F tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sTk;>
gpurpdk; jPu ;f ;fTk; khztUf;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
gpurpdk; 1
4107- 23591748
7 - 9 fopf;f KbahJ. vdNt>
E}wpdplj;jpy ; gj;Jf;fs; gj;J
vd ; gjhy ; mj py ; xd ;iwg ;
gj;jpdplj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;J> xU
gj;jpy; gj;J xd;Wfs; vdf;nfhz;L
mjid VOld ; $l ;Lq ; fs ; .
,g;NghJ 17 - 9 = 8 MFk;.
,jd; gpd;G xd;gJ gj;Jf;fspypUe;J
Ie;J gj;Jf;fisf;; fopAq;fs;.
9 - 5 = 4 MFk;.
E}wpdplj;jpy; 0 - 3 fopf;f
KbahJ. Mapuq;fspy; xd;W gj;J
E}Wfs; vdf;nfhz;L> Mapuq;fspy;
xd;iw E}wpdplj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L
nry;Yq;fs;.
10 - 3 = 7 MFk;.
gpd;du; %d;W Mapuq;fspy; ,Ue;J
,uz;L Mapuq;fisf; fopg;Nghk;.
3 - 2 = 1
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
18 - 9 } 10 - 9 } 1" 8 + 1 } 9
18 - 9 } (9 ,ypUe;J Kd;Ndhf;fp
vz;Zjy;> xd;gJk; xd;Wk; gj;J
NkYk; vl;L 1 + 8 } 9)
g pd ;tUtd Nghd;w gpur pdq;fs;
mlq;fpa ml;ilnahd;W fpilj;jJ
vdTk; mg;gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;g;gjw;F
khztuJ cjtp mtrpak; vdTk;
$Wq;fs;. gpurpdq;fs; mlq;fpa
ml;ilia Kd;itAq;fs;.
^1&
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2&j pq ;fsd ;W 4107 gazpfs ;
Gifa p uj e piyaj ;j p w ;F
cs;te;jdu;. mNj jpdk; 2359
gazpfs; ntspNawpdu;. cs;te;j
gazpfs; vz;zpf;if ntsp-
Nawpa gazpfs; vz;zpf;ifia-
tpl vt;tsT mjpfk;?
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
31 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
2&xU Njhl;lj;jpy; [_iy kw;Wk; Xf];l;
khjq;fspy; gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;fs;
Kiwia 5387> 6021 MFk;. ,uz;L
khjq;fspYk; gwpj;j Njq;fha;fs;
vz;zpf;if rk msthf ,Ug;gjw;F
[_iy khjk; ,d;Dk; vj;jid
Njq;fha;fs; gwp;j;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;?
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
[_iy khjj;jpy; 5387 Njq;fha;fSk;
xf];l; khjk; 6021 Njq;fha;fSk;
xU Njhl;lj;jpy; gwpf;fg;gl;ld. [_iy
khjj;jpy; gwpj;j vz;zpf;if Xf];l;
khjk; gwpj;j vz;zpf;iff;Fr; rkkhf
Ntz;Lkhapd; Xf];l; khjk; gwpj;j
Njq;fha;fspy; vj;jid Njq;fha;
fis ePf;f Ntz;Lk;?
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4&
^1&Njhl;lk; xd;wpy; [_iy khjk; gwpj;j
Njq;fha;fspd; vz;zpf;if 5387
MFk ; . xf] ;l ; khjk ; gw pj ;j
Njq;fha;fspd; vz;zpf;if 6021
MFk;. [_iy khjj;jpy; gwpj;j
vz;zpf;ifia tpl xf];l; khjk;
gwpj;j Njq;fha;fspd; vz;zpf;if
vt;tsT mjpfk;?
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3&
[_iy khjk; 5387 Njq;fha;fSk;
xf];l; khjk; 6021 Njq;fha;fSk;
xU Njhl;lj;jpy; gwpf ;fg ;gl;ld.
,t ;t pU khjq ;fs pYk ; gw pj ;j
Njq;fha ;fspd ; vz;zpf ;ifapd ;
tpj;jpahrk; vd;d?
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
nfhz;L tUjYf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis
khztUf;F tpsf;FjYk;> mit
Mrpupauhy; kPz;Lk; typAWj;jg;-
gLjYk; mj;jpahtrpakhdjhFk;.
Njitahapd; Bd;]pd;; fl;ilfs;> vz;
rl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; cjtpAld; mjid
tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gpurpdk; 2
thrpj;J tpsq;fpf;nfhz;ljd; gpd;du;>
gpurpdk; 1 Ij; jPu;j;jJ NghyNt
gpurpdk; 2 IAk; jPu;f;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gpurpdk; 3
thrpj;J tpsq;fpf;nfhz;ljd; gpd;du;>
gpurpdq;fs; 1> 2 Ij; jPu;j;jJ NghyNt
gpurpdk; 3 IAk; jPu;f;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gpurpdk; xd;whf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;>
mjid ntt ;NtW t pjq ;fs py ;
Kd;itf;fyhk; vd;gij khztUf;F
ed;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehd ;FNgu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp> KOtFg;G mwpKf
Ntisapy; ,lk; ngw;wJ NghyNt
gpurpdnkhd;iw Kd;itAq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
32Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
1& 2& 3&25 86 64
- 14 - 40 -49
4& 5&456 905
- 145 - 380
vjpu ;ghu ;j ;j kl;lj ;ij ,yFtpy;
mile;j khztUf;F rthy;fSld;
$ba gpurpdq;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 561 8
NkNyAs;s ehd;F ,yf;fq;fisf;
nfhz;L Mf;ff;$ba kpfg;ngupa
vz;Zf;Fk;> kpfr;rpwpa vz;Zf;Fk;
,ilNaahd t pj ; j pahrj ;ijf ;
fhZq;fs;.
xt;nthU gpurpdj;ij thrpg;gjw;Fk;
mjidj; jPu;f;f Ntz;ba tpjj;ijj;
jPu;khdpg;gjw;Fk; khztu;fSf;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. fye;Jiuahb>
xw;WikAld; gpurpde; jPu ;g ;gjw;F
topfhl;Lq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
vjpu ;ghu ;j ;j kl;lj;ij milahj
khztUf;nfd ,yFthd gpurpdj;ijj;
jahupj;J Kd;itAq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
33 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ,dq;fz;L,dq;fz;L,dq;fz;L,dq;fz;L,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu; . gad;gLj;Jthu; . gad;gLj;Jthu; . gad;gLj;Jthu; . gad;gLj;Jthu; .
<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 5 tiuapyhd v5 tiuapyhd v5 tiuapyhd v5 tiuapyhd v5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy;z;fshy;z;fshy;z;fshy;z;fshy;
ngUf;Fthu;.ngUf;Fthu;.ngUf;Fthu;.ngUf;Fthu;.ngUf;Fthu;.
ngUf;fy; 1ngUf;fy; 1ngUf;fy; 1ngUf;fy; 1ngUf;fy; 1
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
5 5 5 5 5
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ tha;g;ghL ³ jlit
³ ngUf;fy;
tsq;fstsq;fstsq;fstsq;fstsq;fs;; ;; ;
³ g pd ;tUk ; ml ;ltiziag ;
g p uj pnra ;J nfhs ;tjw ;fhf
xt;nthU gps;isf;Fk; rJuf;
Nfhbl;l fljhrp
x 2 3 4 512345678910
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
2 Kjy; 20 tiu ,uz;Lfspy;
vz ;Ztjw ;F KO tFg ; Gld ;
,ize;J Muk;gpAq;fs;. mjd; gpd;du;
FOf;fSf;Fk; jdpj;jdp khztu;f;Fk;
re;ju;;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. ,JNghd;W
%d;WfspYk;> ehd;FfspYk;> Ie;J-
fspYk; vz;Ztjw;F topg;gLj;-
Jq;fs;.
,uz;L juk; ,uz;L vj;jid vd
khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
ml;ltizapy; cupa fl;lj ;j py ;
tpilia (4) vOJq;fs;.
%d;W juk; ,uz;L vj;jid vd
tpdTq;fs;. (tpil - 6)
,jidAk; ml;ltizapy; vOJq;fs;.
ehd;F juk; %d;W> MW juk; ehd;F>
xd ;gJ juk ; Ie ;J vd ;gijAk ;
mt;thNw nra;Aq;fs;.
G+u ;j ;jp nra;ag;gl;l fl;lq;fisf;
fhz;gpj;J mt;ntz;fs; ngwg;gl;l
tpjj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 45 If; fhl;b mJ
cUthd tpjj;ijf; NfSq;fs;.
(tpil 9 juk; 5)
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ,Utuptuhff; FOf;f-
shf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; rJuf; Nfhbl;l
jhs; xt;nthd;W toq;Fq;fs;.
,UtupUtuhfr; nraw;gLkhW xOq;F
nra;J xt;nthU epuiyAk; Kiwahfg;
G + u ;j ;j p nra ;AkhW khztu plk ;
$Wq;fs;.
Nfhyq;fs; njhlu;ghd ,lu;g;ghLfs;
cs;s khztUf;Ff; ml;ltiziag;
G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.
khztu; vy;yh epuy;fisAk; G+u;j;jp
nra;jgpd;du;> fUk;gyifapy; vOjg;
gl;l cq;fs; ml;ltiziag; G+u;j;jp
2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd
mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
34Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nra;tjw;F mtu;fsJ cjtpiag;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ePq;fs; vz;fis
vOJk ;NghJ mtw ;iw thr pf ;f
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ml ; ltiz ru pahfg ; G + u ; j ; j p
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij cWjpg;
gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F mjid cq;fs;
ml;ltizAld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghUq;fs;.
ghlKbtpd;NghJ ,uz;L Kjy; Ie;J
G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l ml;ltizfs;
khztuplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(khztu;fs; ,g;gapw;rpapy; nkJthf
<LgLthu;fshapd; ml;ltiziar;
rupahfg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F mjpfkhd
Neuj;ijr; nrytpl;L xt;nthU khz
tUk ; ru pahfg ; G + u ;j ;j p nra ;a
,lkspg;gJ rpwg;ghdjhFk;.)
xt;nthU ngUf;fy; ml;ltizf;Fk;
Vw ;w t pdhf ;fis t pdTq ;fs ; .
tpilaspg;gjw;F ml;ltiziag;
gad;gLj;Jk;gb khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
khztUf;F ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk; tiu
apy; gapw;rpapy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;J 12 Ig; ngWk;
tpjq;fis khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
mjidf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 12 } 6 x 2 } 3 x 4 } '''' x ''''
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;; ;; ;
ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;J 16> 20> 24...
Nghd;w vz;fisg; ngWk; t o pKiw
fisg; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOJtjw;F
xOq;Fnra;Aq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J
gad;gLj;Jthu;.gad;gLj;Jthu;.gad;gLj;Jthu;.gad;gLj;Jthu;.gad;gLj;Jthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
,uz;lhk; tha;g;ghL Ie;jhk; tha;g;ghL
5 juk; 2 vj;jid? 4 juk; 5 vj;jid?
8 juk; 2 vj;jid? 7 juk; 5 vj;jid?
iv. ehd;F juk; Ie;J vj;jid?
v. ehd;F juk; gj;J vj;jid?
vi. vl;Lj; juk; vl;L vj;jid?
vii. ehd;F juk; vl;L vj;jid?
Nkw;Fwpj;j tpjkhd tpdhf;fSf;fhd
tpilfis tpiuthfg ; ngw ;Wf ;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
4 x 6 } ml;ilia khztUf;Ff;
fhz;gpj;J thrpg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
' e hd ;F juk ; MW" t pilia
khztuplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
ehd;fhk; tha;g ;ghl;il tFg;gpy;
Kd;itAq;fs;. MrpupaUld; Nru;e;J
tha;g;ghl;il thrpAq;fs;. gy jlit
tha ;g ; g hl ;il thr pj ;j g pd ;du ;
,ilf;fpilNa tha;g;ghl;L tupfisf;
fhz;g pj ;J mjid thrpg ;gjw ;F
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ngUf;fy;
³ ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ml;ilfspy; jahupf;fg;gl;l
7 Mk;> 9 Mk; tha;g;ghL
³ 4 x 6 = 5 x 8 = 6 x 6 =
Nghd;w ml;ilfs;> FOr; nraw;
ghLfSf;fhd tha;g;ghL.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ngUf;fy; njhlu;ghd Kd;dwpit
kPl;lYf;fhfg; gpd;tUk; tpjkhd
tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.
i. Ie;J juk; ,uz;L vj;jid?
ii. vl;L juk; ,uz;L vj;jid?
iii. %d;W juk; MW vj;jid?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
35 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
to pg ;gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . Kd ;tUfpd ;w
khztUf;F tha;g;ghl;il thrpg;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tpjkhf> xd;gjhk;
tha;g;ghl;il Kd;itj;J> thrpg;g-
jw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij khztUf;F
toq;Fq;fs;.
,Jtiuapy; 7Mk; 9Mk; tha;g;ghL
jtpu 10 Mk; tha;g ;ghl ;ilAk;
mw pe ; j pUg ; gjhy ; mt ;tw pitg ;
gad;gLj;jp 7> 9 Mfpa tha;g;ghLfis
epidtpy; ,Uj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F top
fhl;Lq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf ;Fq;fs; . xt;nthU
FOTf;Fk; gpd;tUk; tpjkhd
xt;nthU ml;ltizia toq;-
Fq;fs;.
1& x 7 912345678910
^2& x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7
9
Kjy; ml;ltiziag; G+u ;j ;jp
nra;Ak;NghJ thrpf;fTk; rupahd
tpilia vOjTk; xt;nthU FO
mq ;fj ;jtUf ;Fk ; re ;ju ; g ; gk ;
toq ;Fq ;fs ; . mJNghyNt
,uz;lhk; ml;ltiziaAk; G+u;j;jp
nra;Aq;fs;.
,t;thW
1 x 7 } 7 x 1 5 x 7 } 7 x 54 x 9 } 9 x 4 8 x 9 } 9 x 8vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
7> 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis thrpf;Fk;
t pjkha ; gy t pdhf ; fis
tpdTq;fs;.
i. 6 juk; 7 vj;jid?
ii. 8 juk; 7 vj;jid?
iii. 5 juk; 9 vj;jid?
iv. 9 juk; 9 vj;jid?
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;
3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.
ghlk; 3
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FO Ntiyf;fhd xg;gilfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL njhlu;ghd rpy
tpdhf ;fis tpdtp t piliag ;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
1' 5 x 4 vj;jid?
2' 4 x 8 vj;jid?
3' 3 x 7 vj;jid?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
36Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gpurpdk; xd;iwf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
E} g x
6 3 x 2
ngUf ;fy ; xd ;Wfs py ; ,Ue ;J
njhlq;Fk; vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.
Qhgfj;jpy; ,Ue;J my;yJ mtu;fsJ
ngUf;fy; ml;ltizapypUe;J 2X3=6vd;gij khztuplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;
nfhz;L 6 I xd;Wfs; epuypy; vOj
Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
mLj;J 2x6 (,q;F 6 MdJ gj;Jf;fs;
MW MFk;.) vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;.
tpil : 12
,J 12 gj;Jf;fs; MFk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
mjhtJ 1 E}WfSk; 2 gj;Jf;fSk;
MFk;. 2 vq;Nf vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vdf; fhl;Lq;fs;. (gj;jpd; epuypy;)
E}Wfs; xd;W E}wpd ; ,lj;j py ;
vOjg;gLk;.
E} g x
6 3 x 2
1 2 6
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd 3 My; ngUf;Fk;
fzf;nfhd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy;
vOJq;fs;.
E} g x
4 5 x 3
5
5 %d;Wfs; vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;.
(15) ,J 1 gj;Jk; 5 xd;Wf;fSk; MFk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
xd;wpd; epuypy; 5 xd;Wfis vOJk;
tpjj;ijf; fhl;bg; gj;Jf;fs; 1 I
Kd;dhy; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.
mjid gj;jpd; epuypd; tpil epuypd;
fPo; vOJq;fs;.
3 x 4 vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;. ^12&
Kd ;dhy ; nfhz ;Ltug ; gl ; l
gj;Jf;fSld; 1 If; $l;Ltjw;F
khztUf;F epidTgLj;Jq;fs; .
$l;Lj;njhif 13 MFk;. 13 gj;Jf;fs;
vd;gJ E}Wfs; xd;Wk; gj;Jf;fs;
%d;WkhFk;. 1 E}Wk; 3 gj;Jf;fSk;
MFk;.
E} g x
4 5 x 3
1 3 51 1 Kd;dhy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l
vz;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
,Utu; ,Utuhff; FOf;fshf;fp
NkYs;sJ Nghd;w ngUf;fy;
gpurpdq;fs; cs;slq;fpa xg;gil
ml;ilfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F
xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
Ntfkhff; fw;NghUf;F Nkyjpfg;
gapw;rpfis toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
mtu;fs; Ntiy nra;ifapy;
mtu ;fsJ tpilfisr ; mt-
jhdpj ;Jg; ghu ;j ;J fzf;Ffs;
nra;tjw;F ,d;Dk; ek;gpf;if
Vw ;glhj khztu ; ,Ue ;jhy ;
mtu;fSf;F Nkyjpf cjtpfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
37 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw
4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.
ghlk; 4
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ngUf;fk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOf;fSf;fhf 0 ,ypUe;J 9
tiu vOjg;gl;l vz; ml;ilfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
khztUld; ,uz;buz;lhf 20 tiu
vz;Zq;fs;.
Kd;tUk; khztu;fs; xt;nthU-
tuplKk; ,uz;buz;lhf vz;ZkhW
$Wq;fs;. KO tFg;GlDk; Nru;e;J
kPz;Lk; vz;Zq;fs;. 3> 4> 5 Mfpa
vz;fspd; Nfhyq;fSf;Fk; mJ-
NghyNt nra;Aq;fs;.
ml ;ltiziag ; gad ;gLj ;jy ; >
ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghl;ilf; fw;wy;
vd;gd njhlu;ghf khztUf;Fg;
gapw ;r paspg ;gjw ;fhfg ; > ngUf;fy;
ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mJ
gw ; w pa ,yFthd t pdhf ; fs ;
rpytw;iw tpdTq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; fzf;iff; fUk;gyifapy;
vOJq;fs;.
E} g x
6 7 x 4
VO juk; ehd;F vj;jid vd;gijj;
jkJ ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag;
gad;gLj;jpf; fhZkhW khztUf;Ff;
$Wq;fs;. (28)
mjpy; vj;jid gj;Jf;fs; cs;sd?
(2) xd;Wfs; vj;jid cs;sd? (8)
8 I vq;Nf vOj Ntz;Lk; vd
tpdhTq;fs;. (xd;wpd; epuypy;)
gj;Jf;fs; ,uz;il vd;d nra;a
Ntz;Lk; vd tpdTq;fs;.
(gj ;j pd ; e puypd ; ngUf ;fj ;Jld;
$l;Ltjw;F gj;jpd; epuYf;Ff; nfhz;L
nry;y Ntz;Lk;.)
E} g x
6 7 x 4
8
2 Kd;dhy; nfhz;L
nry;yg;gl;l vz;
mLj;j gbKiw ahJ vd
tpdTq;fs;. (6 juk; 4)
tpil ahnjd tpdhTq;fs;. (24)
gj;Jf;fspd; nkhj;jf; $l;Lj;njhif
vt;tsT? ^ 24 + 2&
26 gj ;Jf ;fspy ; 2 E}WfSk; 6
gj ;Jf ;fSk ; cs ;sd vd ; gij
khztUf;F epidT+l;Lq;;fs;.
6 gj ;Jf ;fs; vq;Nf vOjg ;gly;
Ntz;Lk; vd tpdTq;fs;.
(gj;jpd; epuypy;)
2 E}Wfis vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?
(E}wpdplj;Jf;F nfhz;L nry;y
Ntz;Lk;.)
2 I E}wpd; epuypy; vOJq;fs;.
E} g x
6 7 x 4
2 6 82 2 Kd;dhy; nfhz;L
nry;yg;gl;l vz;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
38Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
gpd;tUtd Nghd;w vLj;Jf;fhl;bd;
%yk; fPo; Nehf;fpAk; FWf;fhfTk;
ngUf;fiy tpsf;Fq;fs;. jl;L xd;wpy;25 G+f;fs; cs;sd. mt;thwhd 3
jl;Lf;fspy; cs;s G+f;fs; vj;jid?
2 5 my;yJ 3 x 25 } 75x 37 5
ngw;Wf;nfhz;l tpiliar; nrt;it
ghu;g ;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUtd Nghd;w
cj ;j pfisg ; gad ;gLj ;Jtjw ;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
1& 25 2& 25 gpd;du; 5025 x 2 + 25
+ 25 50 7575
3& ehd;F 25 fs; 100100 - 25 } 75
4& 25 } 20 + 5 vd;gjhy;20 x 3 } 60 5 x 3 } 15
75
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ,Utu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
0 - 9 tiu vOjg ; gl ; l vz ;
ml;ilfisf; nfhLj;J mtw;iwf;
nfhz;L <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwf;
fl;bnaOg;GkhW $Wq;fs;. mjid
4 MYk; 5 MYk; ngUf;Ftjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
t pil ru pahdjh vd ; gij
mwpe ;Jnfhs;tjw ;Fg ; gy;NtW
nraw ;ghLfs py ; <LgLtjw ;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
NtW vz;fisAk; fl;bnaOg;gp
nraw ; g hl ;il Kd ;ndLj ;Jr ;
nry;Yq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
gpd;tUk; gapw;rpfspy; khztiu
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
1& 2& 3&2 4 3 5 14 x 3 } '''''''x 4 x 4
4& 5& 6&2 3 3 3 25 x 5 } '''''''x 5 x 5
7& epiunahd;wpy; 5 fjpiufs;
cs ;sd. mt ;thwhd 18
epiufspy; cs;s fjpiufspd;
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
8& xU igapy; 25 kpl;lha;fs;
cs;sd. mt;thwhd 4 igfspy;
cs;s kpl;lha;fspd; vz;zpf;if
ahJ?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
39 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : epak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijepak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijepak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijepak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijepak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij
msg;ghu;.msg;ghu;.msg;ghu;.msg;ghu;.msg;ghu;.
ePsKk; J}uKk; 1ePsKk; J}uKk; 1ePsKk; J}uKk; 1ePsKk; J}uKk; 1ePsKk; J}uKk; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
66666
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ePsk; ³ ePsk; $l
³ ePsk; Fiwa ³ ePsk; rkd;
³ cauk; ³ nrd;upkPw;wu;
³ kPw;wu;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; nrd;upkPw;wu;
Fwpa PL nfhz;l Neu ;t pspk ;
nghd;W.
³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;> msTehlh
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
e Psk ; msj;jy; nraw;ghLfspy ;
khztuJ Kd; mDgtj;ij kPl;ly;
njhlu;ghff; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
khztu;fsplk; kPw;wu; Nfhnyhd;iwf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
mJ vd;dntd;gij mtu;fsplk;
tpdhTq;fs;. mjd; ePsk; vt;tsT
vd tpdTq;fs;. (1 kPw;wu;)
mtu;fSf;F nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPLs;s
Neu;tpspk;nghd;iwf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
Neu;tpspk;gpd; kPJs;s FwpaPLfs;
vijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd vd tpdTq;fs;.
(nrd;upkPw;wu;)
xU kPw;wupy; vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;
cs;sd vd tpdTq;fs;.
xU kPw;wupy; 100 nrd;upkPw;wu;fs;
cs ;sd vd ;gij khztUf ;F
typAWj;Jq;fs;.
nrd ; u p k P w ; w u pYk ; k P w ; w u pYk ;
msf;ff;$batw;iwg; ngau; Fwpg;gpL
tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
xU khztidf; fUk;gyiff;F
my;yJ RtUf;F Kd;dhy; te;J
epw;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
mtuJ jiyapd; kl;lj;jpw;F Neuhf
Neu ;t ps pk ;nghd ;iwf ; f pilahf
itj;Jf; fUk;gyifapy; / Rtupy;
ntz;fl;bapdhy; milahskpLq;fs;.
kPw;wupYk; nrd;upkPw;wupYk; cauj;ij
msf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd;gijf;
$Wq;fs;.
k Pw ;wu ; NfhYld; njhlq;Fq;fs;.
fUk;gyifapy; / Rtupy; cs;s
milahsj;Jf;Ff; fPNo kPw;wu; Nfhiy
epiyf;Fj;jhf itAq;fs;. Nfhypd;
cr ;r piaf; Fwpg ;gjw ;fhf ntz;
fl;bahy; Nfhnlhd;W tiuAq;fs;.
,t;tilahsk; khztdpd; cauk;
Fw pf ;fg ;gl ;l ,lj ;Jf ;Ff ; f PNo
,Uf;fyhk;.
,J khztdpd; cauk; 1 kPw;wiutpl
mjpfk; vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.
xU kPw ;wu ; cauj;ijf; fhl;Lk;
milahsj;Jf;Fk; mk; khztdpd;
cauj;jpd; milahsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa
cs;s J}uj;ij msg;gjw;F nrd;wp
kPw;wu; ; Fwpf;fg;gl;l Neu;tpspk;igg;
gad;gLj;Jq;fs;. (,q;F nrd;upkPw;wu;
Fwpf;fg;gl;l Neu;tpspk;igr; rupahfg;
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wduh vdg; ghUq;fs;.)
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
40Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
khztdpd; cauj;ij kPw;wu;> nrd;up-
kPw;wupy; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L :-
khztd; cauk; 1m 23cm
1kPw;wu; = 100 nrd;upkPw;wu; MFk;
vd ;gij khztUf ;F e pidT-
gLj;Jq;fs;. vdNt cauj;ij 123
nrd;upkPw;wu; vdTk; vOjKbAk;.
mjd;gb 1m 23cm vd;gJ 123
nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; MFk ; vd ; gij
khztUf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.
khztuJ cauj;ij msg;gjw;F
msTehlh (Nlg;) xd;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk;
Kiwia tpsf;Fq;fs;. msTehlhitg;
gad;gLj;jp cauj;ij msg;gjw;F
khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
,t;thW kPw ;wu ; > nrd;u pk Pw ;wuhy;
msf;ff;$ba re;ju;g ;gj;ij Kd;
itj;J> Nkw;Fwpj;j gbKiwfisf;
filg;gpbg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Mrpupa Nkirapd; ePsk;; / mfyk;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztu;fis %tu; my;yJ ehy;tu;
nfhz;l FOf;fshf> tFg;giwapd;
cs;Ns my;yJ ntspNa nraw;
ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;. Kd;G
NghyNt khztupd; cauq;fis
milahskpl;L (ntz;fl;bapdhy;)
mse;J kPw ;wu ; > nrd;upk Pw ;wupy;
$Wk;gb mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
jj;jkJ cauj;ij kPw;wu;> nrd;up
kPw;wupYk;> nrd;upkPw;wupy; kl;Lk;
vOJtjw;Fk; khztiu topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztuJk; cauq;-
fSf;fpilNa cs;s tpj;jpah-
rq;fisf; fhz;gjw;Fk; topg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
ePsj;ij / cauj;ij msg;gjw;F
Vw;w NtW gy ,lq;fisAk; ngau;
Fwpg;gpl;L mJ njhlu;ghd nraw;-
ghl;bYk; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: Rtnuhl;bapd; ePsk;>
mfyk;> ,U kuq;fSf;fpilNa
cs;s J}uk;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
ngau; Fwpg;gpl;l 5 ,lq;fspy;
,Ue;J khztu; jhk; tpUk;Gk; 3
,lq;fisj; njupTnra;J ePsj;ij
mse ;J tu pirg ;gLj ;Jtjw ;F
xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fUk;gyif>
khztu; Nkir>
ez;gdpd; cauk;>
tFg;giwapd; ePsk;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ Rw;wsT
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >
nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
ghlk; 2
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPLs;s Nfhy;
³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;
³ E}ypioj;Jz;Lfs;
³ msT ehlh
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
41 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd kdf ;fzpj
tpdhf;fs; rpytw;iw khztuplk;
tpdhTq;fs;.
1' mk;kh filf;Fr; nrd;W 1 kPw;wu;
Jzp thq;fp te;jhu;. mjd; ePsk;
vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;? mjid ,U
rk Jz;Lfshf ntl;bdhu;. Jz;L
xd;wpd; ePsk; vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;?
2' 15m ePsKs;s tbfhnyhd;wpy; 8mntl;lg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; ntl;l
Ntz;ba ePsk; vt;tsT?
xU khztiu Kd;dhy; mioj;J
mtsJ / mtdJ ,Lg;igr; Rw;wp
msg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Kiw-
nahd;iwf; $WkhW khztuplk;
$Wq;fs;. gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fis
khztu plk ; ,Ue ;J nts pf ; -
nfhzUtjw;F Kaw;rpAq;fs;.
1' Jzp ehlh> E}ypio Nghd;w
xd;wpdhy; ,Lg;igr; Rw;wpAs;s
ePsj;ij mse;njLj;J mjid
nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPLs;s Nfhy;
xd;wpd; kPJ itj;J ePsj;ij
msj;jy;.
2' msj;jy; ehlhitg; gad;gLj;jp
ePsj;ij msj;jy;.
Nkw;Fwpj;j ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk;
Vw;g ePsj;ij msf;Fk; tpjj;ij
khztUf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.
milahskplg;gl;l ,U ,lq;fSf;-
fpilNa cs;s J}uj;ij msf;ff;-
$ba tpjk ; gw ;w p khztUld;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
1. k Pw ;wu ; Nfhiyg; gad;gLj;jp
e Psj ;ijr ; rupahf msf;Fk;
tpjj;ij khztUf;Fr; nra;J
fhl;Lq;fs;.
2. E}ypio> fapW vd;gtw;w pd ;
cjtpAld; ePsj;ij msf;Fk;
tpjj;ij njspthff; fhl;Lq;fs;.
3. msj;jy; ehlhitg; gad;gLj;jp
ePsj;ij msf;Fk; tpjj;ijAk;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
%d;W re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; Vw;wthW
ePsj;ij msf;Fk; nraw;ghLfspy;
khztiu <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspd;NghJ E}y;> fapW
Nghyy;yhJ> msj;jy; ehlhtpd;
cjtpAld ; e Psj ;ij ,yFthf
mse;Jnfhs;s KbAk; vd;gij
typAWj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
ijaw;fhuu;fs; msntLf;Fk; tpjk;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp> Fwpf;fg;gl;l ,lnkh-
d;wpy; ,Ue;J mtu;fs; xt;nthUtUk;
gha ;e ;j J}uj ;ij Nkw ;$wg ;gl ;l
msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisf; nfhz;L
msg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf;-
nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.
khztu; ngau; gha;e;j J}uk;
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''m ''''''''''''cm''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''m ''''''''''''cm
khztiu ,UtupUtuhfr; Nru;e;J
xUtu; ,U iffisAk; ,Ugf;fq;-
fSf;Fk; tpupj;J epw;fr; nra;J> kw;w
khztu ; mk;khztdJ ifapd ;
eLtpuypd; me;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J kw;iwa
ifapd; eLtpuypd; me;jk; tiu cs;s
J}uj ;ij mse ;J g pd ;tUkhW
ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
khztd; iffs; tpupj;jNghJ
ngau; cs;s J}uk;
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''m ''''''''''''cm
ngwg;gl ;l ePs msTfis mk;-
khztuJ cauq;fSld; xg;gpLtjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
,t;thW FOf;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
msTfSf;F mika xUtuJ
cauk;> mtuJ iffis tpupj;J
epw;Fk; NghJ mse;j msTf;Fr;
rkdhFkh? my;yJ mz;zsthf
rkdhFkh? vd;gij mtjhdpg;
gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
42Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;
mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.
ghlk; 33333
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ fpNyhkPw;wu;
³ kPw;wu;
³ $ba
³ Fiwe;j
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ msj;jy; rpy;Y / msj;jy; ehlh/
kPw;wu; Nfhy; / 2 kPw;wu; ePsKs;s
Nfhy; / kuf;fPyk;
³ FOr; nraw;ghl;bw;fhf ,yq;if
apd; rpy ghijfs; Fwpf;fg;gl;l
ngUk; ghijj; Njrg;glk;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
nrd ;u pk Pw ;wUf ;Fk ; k Pw ;wUf ;Fk ;
,ilNaAs;s njhlu;ig typAWj;Jk;
rpy tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
miukPw;wupy; vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;fs;
cs;sd?
%d;W kPw;wupy; vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;fs;
cs;sd?
xd;wiu kPw;wupy; vj;jid
nrd;upkPw;wu;fs; cs;sd?
,UE}W nrd;upkPw;wu; vj;jid kPw;wu;
MFk;?
khztiu ikjhdj;Jf;F my;yJ
Kw;wj ;Jf ;F mioj;Jr ; nrd;W
msj;jy; rpy;Y / msj;jy; ehlh /kPw;wu;f; Nfhiy / 2 kPw;wu; msTs;s
Nfhiyg; gad;gLj;jp 10 kPw ;wu ;
J}unkhd;iw milahskpLq;fs;.
mt ;t pU milahsq ;fSf ;Fk ;
,ilNaAs;s J}uk; 10 kPw;wu; vd;gij
typAWj;Jq;fs;.
Xu; milahsj;jpy; ,Ue;J kw;w
milahsk; tiuapy; xU jlit
ele;jhy; nry;Yk; J}uk; 10 kPw;wu;
vd pd ; > ,U jlitfs ; > %d ;W
jlitfs;> ehd;F jlitfs; vd;wthW
ele;jhy; nry;Yk; J}u msTfs;
ahit vd khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
,t;thwhf gj;Jj; jlitfs; ele;jhy;
100 kPw;wu; J}uk; ngwg;gLk; vd;gij
tpsf;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
100 kPw;wu; J}uj;ij gj;Jj; jlit
ele;jhy; nry;Yk; J}uk; vt;tsT vd
tpdtp> gj;J 100 kPw;wu; J}uk; 1000
kPw;wu; MFk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
1000 kPw;wu;> xU fpNyh kPw;wu; MFk;
vd;gij mwpKfk; nra;Aq;fs;. (fpNyh
kPw;wu; vd;gJ ngupa msnthd;W
vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.) fpNyh
kPw;wUf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; FwpaPL
km vd;gij Kd;itAq;fs;.
mjd ; gb mj pf J} uj ;ij
mstpLtjw ;fhf f pNyh k Pw ;wu ;
(1000m=1km) gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhff;
$Wq;fs;. fpNyh kPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp
mst pLtjw ;Fg ; nghUj ; jkhd
mjp$ba msT gw;wp khztUld;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
ghlrhiyapy; ,Ue;J xU fpNyh kPw;wu;
J}uj;jpy; cs;s ,lnkhd;iw khz-
tUf;F mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.
gpd;du; xU fpNyh kPw;wiu tplf;
Fiwe;j> $ba J}uq;fspy; mik-
e;Js;s ,lq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpKfQ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
jghyfj;jpw;Fg; ghlrhiyapy; ,Ue;J
cs;s J}uk; xU fpNyhkPw;wiu tplf;
$baJ my;yJ Fiwe;jJ.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
43 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
jkJ tPl;by; ,Ue;J ghlrhiyf;F
cs;s J}uk; xU fpNyh kPw;wiu tpl
Fiwthdjh / $Ljyhdjh vdf;
$Wtjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlrhiyr; Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; cs;s fpNyh
kPw;wu; J}z;> ghijfspd; J}uq;fs;
Fwpf;fg;gl;l fhl;rpg; gyiffs; vd;gd
njhlu;ghff; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
re;jpnahd;wpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s
fpNyhkPw;wu; msT Fwpf;fg;gl;l
J}z; / fhl;rpg;gyif.
NkNyAs;s tiug;glj;ijf; nfhz;L
,U efuq;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s
J}uj;ij mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk;; tpjj;ij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J Gj;jsk; Clhf
mDuhjGuj;Jf;fhd ghij Njrg;
glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. nfhOk;gpy;
,Ue;J Gj;jsj;Jf;F 142 fpNyh kPw;wu;
J}uk; cs;sJ. Gj;jsj;jpypUe;J
mDuhjGuj;Jf;F 74 fpNyh kPw;wu;
J}uk; cs;sJ. nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J
mDuhjGuj;Jf;F cs;s J}uj;ijf;
fzf;fpLk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
tiug;glj;jpy; cs;sthW ,uz;L
efuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd J}uj;ijf;
fzf;fpLk; tpjj;ij khztUf;F
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
k`hnttapypUe;J rpyhgj;Jf;Fs;s
J}uk; vt;tsT?
nfhOk;gpypUe;J rpyhgj;Jf;Fs;s J}uk;
76 km
nfhOk;gpypUe;J k`hnttTf;Fs;s
J}uk; 60 km
k`hnttapypUe;J rpyhgj;Jf;Fs;s
J}uk; 16 km
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Njrg;glk;
xd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
tpUk;gpa efuq;fisj; njupTnra;J
mtw ;Wf ;F ,ilNa cs ;s
J}uj;ijf; fzf;fpLtjw;F khz-
tiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mtw;iwf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;SkhW
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; FOr; nraw;ghLfspy;
<Lgl;bUf;ifapy; mtu;fs; rupahf
J}uj ;ij thr pf ;f pd ;whu ;fsh?
vd;gijAk; rupahff; fzf;fpL
fpd;wduh vd;gijAk; mtjhdp-
Aq;fs;.
mDuhjGuk; 74
nehr;rpahfk 48
gYf];N]fk 30
fYtuf]; ntt 17
Gj;jsk; 142
kq;fs vypa 108
rpyhgk; 76
k`hntt 60
ePu;nfhOk;G 35
nfhOk;G 0
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
44Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ kPw;wu; ³ fpNyhkPw;wu;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; xg;gil
ml;ilfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
kPw;wu;> fpNyhkPw;wu; ,ilNaAs;s
njhlu ; g pid t psf ;Ftjw ;fhfg ;
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
gj;J kPw;wu;fs; ,uz;L> vj;jid
kPw;wu;fs;?
50 kPw;wupy; vj;jid 10 kPw;wu;fs;
cs;sd?
50 kPw;wu;fs; ,uz;L> vj;jid fpNyh
kPw;wu;fshFk;?
100 kPw ;wu ;fs; ,uz;L> vj;jid
fpNyhkPw;wu;fshFk;?
200 kPw;wu;fSld; 50 kPw;wu;fisf;
$l;bdhy; fpilf;Fk; msT ahJ?
250 kPw;wu;fSld; 250 kPw;wu;fisf;
$l;bdhy; fpilf;Fk; tpil ahJ?
,uz;L 500 kPw;wu;fs; vt;tsthFk;?
xU fpNyhkPw;wupy; vj;jid kPw;wu;fs;
cs;sd?
xU fpNyhkPw ;wupy; vj;jid 500
fpNyhkPw;wu;fs; cs;sd?
khztu ; fSld ; fye ;Jiuahb
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd rkd;ghLfisf;
fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
500 m + 500 m } 1000 m1000 m } 1 km Mifahy;
500 m + 500 m } 1 km
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: f pNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;sfpNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;sfpNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;sfpNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;sfpNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;s
njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4
mJNghyNt
250 m+250 m+250 m+250 m } 1000 m
250 m+250 m+250 m+250 m } 1 km
khztUld; fye;Jiuahb ,t;thwhd
gy rkd;ghLfisf; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
500 m+250 m+250 m } 1 km500 m+250 m+100 m+100 m+50 m
} 1 km
g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w g pur pdj ;ij
tFg;gpy; Kd;itAq;fs;.
ehd; ghlrhiyf;F tUk;NghJ 1 fpNyh
kPw;wu; 350 kPw;wu; J}uk; tiu ele;J
tUNtd;. gpd;du; ,d;Dk; 3 fpNyhkPw;wu;
450 k Pw ;wu ; J}uj ;ij NgUe ;j py ;
tUNtd;. vdJ tPl ;by ; ,Ue;J
ghlrhiyf;Fs;s J}uk; vt;tsT?
khztUld; fye;Jiuahb> mtu;fsJ
cjtpAld; gpurpdj;ijg; gpd;tUk;
tpjkhf vOjp tpiliaf; fhZq;fs;.
km mele;JtUk; J}uk; } 1 350NgUe;jpy; tUk; J}uk; } 3 450tPl;bypUe;J ghlrhiyf;Fs;s
J}uk; } 4 800
mjd;gb tP;l;by; ,Ue;J ghlrhiyf;F
cs;s J}uk; 4 fpNyhkPw;wu; 800 kPw;wu;
MFk;.mjid 4km 800m vd;wthW
vOJk; tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
gpurpdj;ij Kd;itj;J khztuJ
cjtpAld; vOjpj; jPu ;f ;f topg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
2 km 750 m 4 km 500 m +1 km 500 m - 2 km 750 m
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
45 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
eprhk; ghlrhiy tpl;lJk; khkpapd;
tPl;Lf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.
mtdJ tPl;bypUe;J ghlrhiy 2km850m J}uj;jpy; cs;sJ.
ghlrhiyapy; ,Ue;J khkpapd; tPL
3k 500m J}uj;jpy; cs;sJ.
mtd; gazk; nra;aNtz;ba
nkhj;jj; J}uk; vt;tsT?
xg;gil ml;ilfis FOf;fs;
,ilNa khw;wpf;nfhz;L gpurpde;
jPu;g;gjpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
FOf ;fs pilNa fye ;Jiu -
ahlYf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
tpilfis Nrhjpj;J mtw;iwr;
rPu;nra;Jnfhs;s topfhl;Lq;fs;.
xt;nthU gpurpdj;Jf;Fkhd jPu;it
xt;nthU FOtplKk; tprhupj;J
mit jtwhapUf;Fkhapd; rPu;nra;-
tjw;F cjTq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu;fs; gpurpde; j Pu ;f ;Fk;
nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ
FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mtjhdp
Aq;fs;. Njitahd cjtpfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5 cWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpcWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpcWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpcWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpcWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rp
ghlk; 4 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;lJ Nghd;w rpy
gpurpdq;fisj; ; jPu ;g ;gjw;Fk; top-
fhl;Lq;fs;.
ghlE}ypy; nghUj;jkhd gapw;rpfspy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
Kd ;nfhz;Lnry ;Yk ;NghJ 1000
kPw;wu; = 1 fpNyhkPw;wuhf khWk;
tpjj;ijAk; kPz;Lk; nfhz;LtUk;
NghJ 1 fpNyhkPw;wu; 1000 kPw;wuhf
khWk; vd;gijAk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l
vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehd;F FOf;fshf
mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xt;nthU
xg;gil ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.
ePu;nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J rpyhgj;Jf;F
cs;s J}uk; 40km 750m MFk;.
r pyhgj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J kq ;fs
vypaTf;F cs;s J}uk; 32km 150mMFk;.
e Pu ;nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J kq;fs
vypaTf;F cs;s J}uk; vt;tsT?
epkypd; tPl;by; ,Ue;J ghlrh
iyf;Fs;s J}uk; 2km 800m MFk;.
mtd; 900m J}uj;ij ele;Jk; kPjpj;
J}uj;ij NgUe;J tz;bapYk;
tUthd;. mtd; NgUe;J tz;bapy;
gazk; nra;Ak; J}uk; vt;tsT?
rhe;jpapd; tPl;bypUe;J> mts;
jw;NghJ nry;Yk; ghlrhiyf;Fs;s
J}uk; 2km 400m MFk;.
mts ; 6 Mk ; juj ;Jf ; f hf
nry ;yNtz ;ba ghlrhiy
tPl;bypUe;J 4km 750m J}uj;jpy;
cs;sJ.
6 Mk; tFg;Gf;Fr; nrd;wgpd; mts;
Nkyjpfkhfr; nry;yNtz;ba J}uk;
vt;tsT?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
46Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis
5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.
tFj;jy; 1tFj;jy; 1tFj;jy; 1tFj;jy; 1tFj;jy; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
8 8 8 8 8
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ tFj;jy; ³ kPjp
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ 5 Mk; thuj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
6 ngd ;r py ;fis ,Utu pilNa
rkdhfg ; gfpu ;e ;jhy ; xUtUf;F
vj;jid ngd;rpy;fs; fpilf;Fk;?
15 ,y; vj;jid %d;Wfs; cs;sd?
20 ney;ypf;fdpfis ehy;tupilNa
rkdhfg ; gfpu ;e ;jhy ; xUtUf;F
vj;jid ney;ypf;fdpfs; fpilf;Fk;?
30 khk;goq;fis ez;gu;fspilNa
rkdhfg; gfpu ;e ;J nfhz;lNghJ>
xUtUf;F 5 goq;fs; fpilj;jd.
vj;jid ez;gu;fs; ,Ue;jdu;?
Nkw;Fwpj;jthW 2> 3> 4> 5 Mfpa
vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; kdf;fzpj
tiffs; rpytw;iw khztUf;F
Kd;itAq;fs; . xNu tpiliag;
gy;NtW gbKiwfspdhy; ngWq;fs;.
vz;fis tFg;gjw;F cjtpahfg;
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag; gad;-
gLj;Jfpd;w tpjj;ij khztUf;F
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lq;fs;.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 203 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 304 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 405 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 506 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 607 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 708 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 809 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
12 ÷ 2 ,jw;fhd tpilia khztUld;
fye;Jiuahbg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
12 ÷ 2 } 6
ngUf ;fy ; ml ; ltiz xd ;iw
toq;Fq;fs;.
epiu 2 ,y; 12 tiu tpuiyf; nfhz;L
nrd;W 12 ,w;F Neu;NkNy Kjypy;
cs;s vz; vd;dntd;gijg; ghu;g;gjw;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mjd;gb 12 ,y; ,uz;Lfs; 6 cs;sd.
vdNt
12 ÷ 2 } 6
45 ,y; vj;jid Ie;Jfs; cs;sd?
45 ÷ 5 } 9 vDk ; t piliag ;
ngw ;Wf ;nfhz;L mt ;t piliag ;
ngUf;fy; ml;ltizapd; %yk;
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
5 Mk; epuypy; 45 tiu tpuiyf;
nfhz;Lnrd;W mq;fpUe;J Neu;NkNy
KjyhtJ epuYf;Fr; nry;Yq;fs;.
mq;Fs;s vz; ahJ? 9 MFk;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis
2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
47 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vdNt
45 ,y; 9 Ie;Jfs; cs;sd.
45 ÷ 5 } 9
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziar; rupahfg;
gad;gLj;Jjy; njhlu;ghf khztUf;F
ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk; tiuapy; gy
jlitfs; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gapw;rpfspy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
mLj ;jjhfr ; ru pahf tFglhj
vz;iz Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
37 ,y; vj;jid Ie;Jfs;
cs;sd?
Ie;jpd; epuypy; nry;Yk;NghJ
Kjyp;y; 35 ck; mLj;jjhf
40 ck; tUk;. 35 ,y; 7 Ie;Jfs;
cs;sd.
vdNt tpil 7 ck; kPjp 2 ck;
MFk;.
17 ,y; vj;jid ,uz;Lfs;
cs;sd?
16 ,y; 8 ,uz;Lfs; cs;sd?
vdNt tpil 8 ck; kPjp 1 ck;
MFk;.
,f ;fzf ;iff ; fUk ; gyifa py ;
vOJq;fs;.
468 ÷ 2 vd;gij gpd;tUk; tpjkhf
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gbKiw 1.gbKiw 1.gbKiw 1.gbKiw 1.gbKiw 1.
468 ,y; 4 E}Wfs; cs;sd. 4
E }Wfis ,uz ;L rkkhd
Ft pay ;fshf tFj ;j hy ; xU
Ftpaypy; 2 E}Wfs; ,Uf;Fk;.
gbKiw 2.gbKiw 2.gbKiw 2.gbKiw 2.gbKiw 2.
468 ,y; 6 gj;Jf;fs; cs;sd. 6
gj ;Jf ; fis ,uz ;L rkkhd
Ftpay;fshf tFj;jhy; xU Ftpaypy;
3 gj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.
gbKiw 3.gbKiw 3.gbKiw 3.gbKiw 3.gbKiw 3.
468 ,y; xd;Wfs; 8 cs;sd. 8
xd ;Wf ; fis ,U rkdhd
Ftpay;fshf tFj;jhy; xU Ftpaypy;
4 ,Uf;Fk;.
tFf ;Fk ;NghJ ,lJgf ;f Kjy ;
,yf;fj ;j py ; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk ;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;. (kw;iwa fzpj
nra;iffs; Nghy; xd;wpdplj;jpy;
,Ue;J my;y.)
,q;F 4 ,y; vj;jid ,uz;Lfs;
cs;sd? 231tpil 2. 2 462(4 ,w;F NkNy 2 I 4vOJq;fs;.) 066 ,y; vj;jid ,uz;Lfs; 6cs;sd? 02tpil 3. 2(6 ,w;F NkNy 3 I 0vOJq;fs;.)
,y; vj;jid ,uz;Lfs;
cs;sd?
tpil 1.
(2 ,w;F NkNy 1 I vOJq;fs;.)
462 ÷ 2 } 231
,g;NghJ ,f;fzf;if tpsf;Fq;fs;.
2 129
64 2 129 12
09 8 1
129 ÷ 2 } 64 kpFjp 1
jPu;g;Nghk;.1& ngl ;bnahd ;w py ; 5 ,wg ; g u ;
ge ;Jfis mLf;fyhk; . mt;-
thwhd 520 ge;Jfis mLf;F-
tjw;F vj;jid ngl;bfs; Njit?
104 5 520
502 0 20 20 0
129÷2 ,y; 129 ,y; 1 E}Wfs;
cs;sd. E}Wfshf ,uz;L
rkdhd Ftpay;fshf tFf;f
KbahJ. vdNt 12 gj;Jf;fis
,uz;L rkdhd Ftpay;fshf
tFf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;. 129 ,y; 9
xd ;Wf ;fs ; cs ;sd. 9
xd;Wf;fs; rkdhd ,uz;L
Ftpay;fshf tFj;jhy; xU
Ftpaypy; 4 ck; 1 kPjKk;
MFk;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
48Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
mLf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd
ngl;bfspd; vz;zpf;if 104.
mtrpankdpd; ,d;Dk; rpy vLj;Jf;-
fhl;Lf;fisr; nra;Jfhl;Lq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu %tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt ; nthUtUf ;Fk ; ,uz ;L
fzf;Ffs; tPjk; toq;fp mtw;iwj;
jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij kw;iwa khz-
tUf;F tpsf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
2 146 2 175 2 158 5 78 2 512 5 855
gpd;tUk; gpurpdq;fis xt;nthU
khztUf;Fk; $wp mjidj; jPu;f;Fk;
tpjj;ij Vida ,U khztUf;Fk;
$WkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
1. xU ghlrhiyapy; 638 gapw;rpf;
nfhg ;g pfs ; khztu ;fSf;Fg ;
gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;ld. xUtUf;F 2
nfhg;gpfs; fpilj;jjhapd; ghl-
rhiyapy ; ,Ue ;j khztu ;
njhif vt;tsT?
2. xU tpohtpd;NghJ xU gps;isf;F
5 tPjk; 738 kpl;lha;fisg; gfpu;e;J
nfhLj ;j g pd ;du ; 3 k Pjkhf
,Ue;jJ. kpl;lha;fisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;l gps;isfs; njhif
vt;tsT?
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ tFj;jy; ³ kPjp
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kjyhk; Mk; ghlj;jpy; cs;sthW
kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis khztUf;F
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vz;fis tFg;gjw;Fg; ngUf;fy;
ml ;ltiziag ; gad ;gLj ;JtJ
vt;thW vd khztUf;F epid-
T+l;Lq;fs;.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 203 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 304 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 405 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 506 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 607 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 708 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 809 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 9010 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis 3> 4 Mfpa3> 4 Mfpa3> 4 Mfpa3> 4 Mfpa3> 4 Mfpa
vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwvz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwvz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwvz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwvz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg;idg;idg;idg;idg; ngWthu;. ngWthu;. ngWthu;. ngWthu;. ngWthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
49 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
12 ,y; vj;jid ehd;Ffs; cs;sd?
12 tiuapy; epiu 4 ,y; tpuiyf;
nfhz;Lnrd;W 12 ,w;F NkNy KjyhtJ
epiuapy; cs;s vz;izf; fhz;gpf;f
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
^vz; 3&vdNt 12÷4=3
4x3=12 rupahdJ vd;gij ,dq;fhz
KbAk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
18 ÷ 3 vj;jid?
18 tiu epiu 3 ,y; tpuiyf;
nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.
mLj;J NeNu NkNy KjyhtJ
epiuf;Fr; nry;Yq;fs;.
vz; ahJ? mJ 6 MFk;.
vdNt 18÷3=66x3=18 rupnad;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziar; rupahfg;
gad;gLj;Jjy; njhlu;ghf khztUf;F
ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk; tiuapy; ,jid
rpy jlitfs; nra;Aq;fs;.
ru pahf tFglhj vz; xd ;iw
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf vLq;fs;.
37 ,y; vj;jid ehd;Ffs; cs;sd?
4 ,d; epiu topNa nrd;why; 36 ck;
40 ck; ngwg;gLk;.
40> 36 I tpl mjpfkhdJ> 36> 37 I
tplf; FiwthdJ.
mjd;gb 36÷4=9 kpFjp 1.vdNt 36÷4=94x9=36 rupahdnjd;gij cWjpg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
,g;NghJ gpd;tUk; gpurpdnkhd;iw
khztUf;F Kd;itAq;fs;.
Nkw;rl;ilnahd;Wf;F 4 nghj;jhd;fs;
tPjk; 627 nghj;jhd;fis vj;jid
Nkw;rl;ilfSf;Fg; nghUj;j KbAk;?
vj ;jidg ; nghj ;jhd ;fs ; vQ ;r p
apUf;Fk;?
jPu;g;Nghk;.
156 4 627
42220 27 24 3
nghj;jhd; nghUj;jf;$ba Nkw;rl;ilfspd;
njhif = 156vQ;rpapUf;Fk; nghj;jhd;fs; = 3
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
g pd ;tUk; tFj;jy; fzf;Ffis
mt;thNw gbKiwfspd;gb nra;
tjw;F khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
3 147 4 172 5 45
3 76 4 514 5 158
mt;thNw gpd;tUk; Nfhyj;ijf;
fhz;gjw;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
6 60 6004 24 4 240 4 2400
jPUq;fs;.
1. Ftpanyhd;wpy; 336 md;dhrpg;
goq;fs; cs;sd. mit %d;W
ngl;bfspy; rkdhf mLf;fg;
gl;ld. xU ngl;bapy; ,Uf;Fk;
md;dhrpg;goq;fs; vj;jid?
2. Fo pnahd ;w py ; 4 ghfw ;fha ;
tpijfs; tPjk; 736 tpijfis
eLtjw ;F vj ;jid Fopfs ;
Njit?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
50Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5
Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ xg;gil ml;il.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
,yFthd tFj ;jy ; mlq ;f pa
kdf;fzpj gpurpdq;fs; rpytw;iw
khztUf;F Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
20 ÷ 2 tpil vd;d?
18 ÷ 4 vj;jid vQ;rpapUf;Fk;?
12 ÷ 3 tpil vd;d?
MrpupaUf;Fj; jPu;T fhzNtz;ba
gpurpdnkhd;W ,Ug;gjhfTk; mjid
tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjhfTk; $Wq;fs;.
g p ur pdj ;ij Kd ;itj ;J mij
xt;nthUtUk; thrpg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
khyh jdJ gpwe ;j ehSf;fhf
ghlrhiyf;F 183 kpl;lha;fs; nfhz;L
te;jhs;. xt;nthUtUf;Fk; 5 kpl;lha;
t P jk ; nfhLf ; f Ntz ;Lk ; .
183 kpl;lha;fis xUtUf;F Ie;J
tPjk; vj;jid khztUf;F nfhLf;f
KbAk;?
gpurpdj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lhu;fsh
vd mwpe;Jnfhs;s rpy tpdhf;fis
tpdTq ;fs ; . 183 k pl ;lha ;fis
xUtUf;F 5 tPjk; 36 NgUf;Ff;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztu;
tpsq;fpf;nfhz;l gpd;du; Kd;tUk;
khztUf;Fj; jPu;g;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
36 5 183 15
3330 3
183 kpl ;lha ;fis 36 NgUf;Fk;
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; 5 tPjk; nfhLf;f-
yhk; vd;gijAk; 3 kpl;lha; kPjkhf
,Uf;Fk; vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
3 318 tFj;jy; nraw;ghl;il gbKiw
gbKiwahf tpsf;Ftjw;F Kd;tUk;
khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
1063 318
301 0 18 18 0
gbKiw 1gbKiw 1gbKiw 1gbKiw 1gbKiw 1
318 ,y; cs;s E}Wfis 3 rkdhd
Ftpay;fshf;fpdhy; xU Ftpaypy; 1
E}Wfs; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gbKiw 2gbKiw 2gbKiw 2gbKiw 2gbKiw 2
xU gj;Jf;fs; cs;sjhy; mij rkdhd
3 Ftpay;fshf;f KbahJ. mt;thW
tFj;jhy; 1 kPjkhFk;. vdNt 0 vOj
Ntz;Lk;.
gj;Jf;fs; xd;iw mg;gbNa tFf;f
Kbahjjhy; mjid xd;Wf;fsplk;
nfhz;L nry;tij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gbKiw 3gbKiw 3gbKiw 3gbKiw 3gbKiw 3
,g;NghJ 18 xd;Wfs; cs;sd. mjidr;
rkdhd 3 Ftpay;fs; Mf;fpdhy; xU
Ftpaypy; 6 vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
%tpyf;fk; nfhz;l vz;iz 4 My;
tFf;Fk; gpurpdnkhd;iw Kd;itj;Jj;
jPu;g;gjw;fhf khztUf;F re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
51 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp> gpd;tUtd Nghd;w
xg;gilal;ilfs; xt;nthd;iw
toq;Fq;fs;.
1& 810 ÷ 3 1& 184 ÷ 4
2& 432 ÷ 3 2& 508 ÷ 4
3& 303 ÷ 3 3& 920 ÷ 4
4& 718 ÷ 3 4& 268 ÷ 4
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; xU gpurpdj;ijj;
jPu;g;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
jhk; gpurpde; jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij
Vida khztUf;F tpsf;FkhW
$Wq;fs;. khztupilNa fw;wY-
f;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
NkYk; rpy tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fis
Kd;itj;J khztu; cjtpAld;
tFj;jiy tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
4 489 3 905 3 391
Njitahapd; ngUf;fy; ml;l-
tiz> Bd;];;; fl;ilfs; Nghd;w-
tw;wpd; cjtpAld; tFj;jiy
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
khztiu 7 Ngu;nfhz;l FOf;f-
shf;Fq;fs;.
g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w xg ;gil-
nahd;iwf; FOf;fSf;F toq;F-
q;fs;.
xg;gil ml;ilxg;gil ml;ilxg;gil ml;ilxg;gil ml;ilxg;gil ml;il
185 243 690
516
Nky;tUk; vz;fis 2" 3" 4 kw;Wk;;5 Mfpa vz;fshy; tFq;fs;.
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Xu; vz;iz 2> 3>
4 kw;Wk; 5 My; tFg;gjw;F
xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk;
toq ;Fq ;fs ; . NkYk ; nra ;j
fzf;Ffs; gw;wp Vida khzt
Uld; fye;JiuahlTk;> tpilfs;
ru pahdit vd;gijj; njspT
gLj;jTk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU gpurpdj;ijAk; thrpf;f
Tk;> jPu;g;gjw;fhd gbKiwfisf;
fhzTk ; xt ;nthUtUf ;Fk ;
re;ju ;g ;gk; mspAq;fs;. ehd;F
khztUf;Fk; mt;thwhd re;ju;g;
gj;ij toq;Fq;fs;. xd;W$bf;
fye;Jiuahbg; gpurpid jPu;g;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
vjpu;ghu;j;j milit mz;kpf;f
Kbahj khztUf;fhf ,yFthd
gapw ;r pfisj ; jahu pj ;J Kd;
itAq;fs;.
vjpu;ghu;j;j milit tpiutpy;
mile;j khztUf;F rthy;fSld;
$ba gpurpdq;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
52Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:Rw ;whlypRw ;whlypRw ;whlypRw ;whlypRw ;whlypw ;w ;w ;w ;w ; fhZ fhZ fhZ fhZ fhZf pd ; wf pd ; wf pd ; wf pd ; wf pd ; w nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J
nrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplnrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplnrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplnrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplnrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplg;g ;g ;g ;g ; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg;
gpupj;jwpthu;.gpupj;jwpthu;.gpupj;jwpthu;.gpupj;jwpthu;.gpupj;jwpthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : nrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisnrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisnrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisnrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisnrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fis
NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. jpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpujpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpujpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpujpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpujpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;
gz;Gfis gz;Gfis gz;Gfis gz;Gfis gz;Gfis tptupg;ghu;.tptupg;ghu;.tptupg;ghu;.tptupg;ghu;.tptupg;ghu;.
jpz;kq;fs;> jstbtq;fs;> Nfhzq;fs; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
9 9 9 9 9
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ nrq;Nfhzk;
³ nrq;Nfhzj;ijtplg ; ngu pa
Nfhzk;
³ nrq;Nfhzj;ij tplr; rpwpa
Nfhzk;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gpd;tUk; tpjkhf fljhrpapy;
ntl;lg;gl;l (nrq;Nfhz %iy)
nrq ;Nfhzj ;ijf ; nfhz ;l
Kf;Nfhzp xt;nthU khztUf;Fk;
mtrpakhFk;.
³
A 4 fljhr p 5,y; khztu ;
40 NgUf;Fg; NghJkhd Kf;
Nfhzpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s
yhk;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
khztiu vOe;J cq;fis Nehf;fpj;
jpUk;Gk;gb $Wq;fs;. gpd;du; fjit
Nehf;fpathW ,Uf;Fk;gb> jpUk;Gk;gb
$Wq;fs;. mtu;fs; Nfhznkhd;wpy;
j pUk ;g p ,Uf;f pwhu ;fs ; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs; . ,g ;NghJ ad;dy;
my;yJ tFg;gpYs;s Fwpg;gpl;l NtW
,lq;fs; Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gk;gb $wp>
mtu;fs; ,d;ndhU Nfhzj;jpy;
jpUk;gpapUg;gjhff; $Wq;fs;.
jpUk;gTk; xU jlit jpUk;Gk;gb $wp>
mtu;fs; ,d;DnkhU Nfhzj;jpy;
jpUk;gpapUg;gjhff; $Wq;fs;.
xU khztiu Kd;dhy; mioj;J>
Kd;Ndhf;fp epw;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
gpd;du; tyJ gf;fk; jpUk;GkhW
$Wq;fs;.
kPz;Lk; tyJ gf;fk;> kPz;Lk; tyJ
gf;fk;> NkYk; tyJ gf;fk; jpUk;GkhW
$Wq;fs;. (ePq;fs; Kjypy; epd;wJ
NghyNt epw;gPu;fs;.)
xU jlit jpUk;Gk;NghJ Kd;te;j
khztd; tl;lj;jpd; fhy;gFjpf;Fj;
jpUk;Gtij tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
k hztd ; j pUk ; g pa Nfhzk ; >
nrq ; Nfhzk ; vd ; gij e pidT
gLj;Jq;fs;.
nrq;Nfhzj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf
Nkirapd ; %iy> tFg ;g pYs ;s
%iyfisf; fhz;gpAq;fs;. cq;fs;
tpuy; / jb / Neu;tpspk;G vd;gtw;iw
xU tpspk;gpy; ,Ue;J nrq;Nfhzkhf
kW tpspk;Gf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.
(gpd;tUk; cUtpy; A Kjy; B tiu)
,J xU nrq;Nfhzk;
vd;gij khztUf;F
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
BA
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
53 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tFg ; giwa py ; cs ;s xU
cgfuzj ;ijNah> ,lj ;ijNah
Mjhukhff; nfhz;L nrq;Nfhzj;ij
tplr; rpwpa Nfhzj;ij mwpKfg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
,Nj tpjkhf nrq;Nfhzj;ij tplg;
ngupa Nfhzj;ijAk; ,dq;fhz
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
g pu p] ;ly ; fljhr pa py ; g pd ;tUk ;
cUtq;fis ntl;b khztUf;Ff;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
fljhr pia kbj ;J nrq ;Nfhz
%iyia mikf;Fk; khjpupiar;
nra;Jfhl;Lq;fs;.
,r;nrq;Nfhzq;fspd; cjtpAld;
nrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl
ngupa Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl
rpwpa Nfhzk; vd;gtw;iw ,dq;fhz
khztu ; r pyUf ;Fr ; re ;ju ; g ; gk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;G khztiu Itu; my;yJ
mWtu ; nfhz;l FOf ;fshf
xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
fljhr pa py ; ntl ; lg ; gl ; l
nrq ;Nfhzj;Jld;$ba %iy
my;yJ fljhrpj; Jz;il kbj;J
nra;ag;gl;l nrq;Nfhz %iy
xt;nthU gps;isaplKk; ,Uj;jy;
mtrpakhFk;.
FOthf ,ize;J nrq;Nfhzk;
cs;s ,lq;fis $ba tiuapy;
Njbaw pe ;J nfhs ;tjw ; f hf >
tFg ; giwa py ; cs ;s NtW
nghUl;fSld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;g;gjw;F>
nrq ;Nfhz %iyiag ; gad ;
gLj;JkhW khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.
(nghUs;fspd; xU gf;fj;Jf;F
rkhe ; j ukhf jahu p f ; fg ; gl ; l
nrq;Nfhzj;ij xU gf;fkhf
itj;J Nfhzj;ij xg;g pl ;Lg ;
ghu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.)
nrq;Nfhzj;Jldhd nghUs;fis
gl ;baw ; gLj ;JkhW xt ;nthU
FOTf;Fk; $Wq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:ad;dy; %iy> ad;dy; fjT
Gj;jfj;jpd; %iy
3 kzp my;yJ 9 kzpapd;NghJ
fbfhu Ks; ,Uf;Fk; Nfhzk;.
nrq ;Nfhzj;ij tplg ; ngu pa
my;yJ mijtplr; rpwpa msthd
Nfhzq;fs; gw;wpAk; Nehf;FkhW
$Wq;fs;. tFg;giwapy; my;yJ
ntspNa ,f;Nfhzq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;
,lj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;. vLj;Jf;
f hl ; l hf $iur ; ryhifa py ;
nrq;Nfhzj;ij tplg;ngupa my;yJ
rpwpa Nfhzq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L
,Uf;Fk;.
nrq ;Nfhzj;ij tplg ; ngu pa
my;yJ r pw pa Nfhzq;fspd ;
gl;bay; xd;iwj; jahupf;FkhW
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; $Wq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
nrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ijtpl
ngupa Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij
tplr; rpwpa Nfhzk; mike;Js;s
,lq;fs;> nghUs;fs; rpytw;iwg;
ngau; Fwpg ;gjw;Fk; ; > fhl;lTk;
FOf;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;
Fq;fs;.
,f;Nfhzk;
nrq;Nfhzj;ij
tplg; ngupaJ.nrq;Nfhzj;ij
tplr; rpwpaJ.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
54Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ nrq;Nfhzk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ A4 fljhrp
³ vspa tpspk;Gs;s kuf;fPyk; /
nrd;upkPw;wu; Nfhy;.
³ jbg;ghd fljhrpfspy; ntl;lg;gl;l>
nrq;Nfhzj;Jld;$ba gpd;tUk;
tpjkhd tbtk;.
³ fUk;gyifapd; gpw ;gFjpapy ;
,Uf;ff;$ba rJuf; Nfhyq;fs;
kw;Wk; rJuq;fs; nfhz;l ngupa
fljhrp.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kd;ida ghlj;jpy; mwpe;Jnfhz;l
nrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ijtpl
rpwpa> ngupa Nfhzq;fs; mlq;fpa
nghUs; / jstbtk; gw;wp khztUld;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
jbg;ghd fljhrpapy; ntl;lg;gl;l
nrq;Nfhzk; mlq;fpa jstbtq;fis
(tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tbtq;fs;)
khztUf;Ff ; fhl ;b> mtw ;w pd ;
%iyfs; gw;wpf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
fUk;gyifapy; my;yJ khztUf;Fj;
njupaf;$batpjkhf njhq;ftplg;gl;l
fljhrpapy; mt;tbtq;fis itj;J
mtw;wpd; tpspk;Gfspd;> Clhfr;
nrq;Nfhzk; tiuAk; tpjj;ijr;
nra;J fhl;Lq;fs;.
mt ;tbtq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;
gy;NtW tpjkhf nrq;Nfhzq;fs;
tiua KbAk; vd;gijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
rJuq;fs; nfhz;l fljhrpnahd;iwf;
fUk;gyifapy; njhq;ftpl;L my;yJ
fUk ; gyifa py ; cs ;s rJuf ;
Nfhyq;fs;> Neu;tpspk;G vd;gtw;iwg;
gad ; gLj ; j p ,uz ;L NfhLfs ;
xd;iwnahd;W re ;j pg ;gJ Nghy;
(epiyf;Fj;jhfTk; fpilahfTk;)
rJuq;fspd; kPJ tiutjd; thapyhf
nrq ; Nfhznkhd ;iw tiuAk ;
tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
nrq ;Nfhzk; mlq;f pa gy ;NtW
,yFthd tbtq;fs; tiua KbAk;
vd;gijAk; fhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
55 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU
FOTf;Fk; tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;
gl;Ls;sthW jstbtk; xd;W /Neu;tpspk;G / nky;ypa Xuq;fs;
mlq ;f pa kuf ;f Pyk ; > kw ;Wk ;
fljhrpnahd;Wk; toq;Fq;fs;.
nrq;Nfhz tbtj;ijg; gad;
gLj ;j p > jug ;gl ;l fljhr pa py ;
mike;Js;s nrq;Nfhzk; xd;iw
tiutjw;F mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
rJuf ; Nfhbl ;l fljhr pa py ;
Neu ;t ps pk ;igg ; gad ; gLj ;j p >
nrq ;Nfhzk; cs;s gy ;NtW
tbtq;fis tiutjw;F topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
Neu ;t ps pk ;igg ; gad ; gLj ; j p
khztu;fsJ rJuj;jhs; mg;gpahrg;
Gj;jfj;jpd; nrq;Nfhzk; kw;Wk;
nrq;Nfhzk; nfhz;l tbtq;fis
tiutjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
nrq ;Nfhzk ; kw ;Wk ; Vida
tbtq ;fis tiuAk ; NghJ >
tpspk;gpd; Xukhf rupahd tpjj;jpy;
ngd;rpiyg; gad;gLj;jpf; NfhL
tiutjw ;F to pfhl ;Lq ; fs ; .
Njitg;gLk; khztUf;F cjtp
toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;
mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 3> 4ghlk; 3> 4ghlk; 3> 4ghlk; 3> 4ghlk; 3> 4
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ Kfq;fs; (jl;ilahd)
³ tise;j Nkw;gug;G
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fs;>
(rJuk;> nrt;tfk;> Kf;Nfhzp>
tl;lk;)
³ jpz;kq;fs; (rJuKfp> fdTU>
cUis> ehd;Kfp)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
rJunkhd;iwf; fhz;gpj;J> mt;tbtk;
ahnjd khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
mjd; gz;Gfisf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
nrt;tfj;jpd; gz;Gfisg; gw;wpAk;
mt ;thNw fye ;JiuahLq ;fs ; .
rJuj ;j pw ;Fk ; nrt;tfj ;j pw ;Fk ;
,ilNa cs;s NtWgl;l gz;Gfis
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
Kf;Nfhzp> tl;lk; Mfpa tbtq;fspd;
gz;Gfisf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
j pz;kq ;fspd ; gz;Gfis ,dq;
fhz ; gjw ;F > KO tFg ; Gf ;Fk ;
nju paf ;$basT XusT ngu pa
rJuKfpnahd;iw (jahupf;fg;gl;lJ)
Mrpupaupd; Nkirapy; itAq;fs;.
khztu; xUtiu Kd;dhy; te;J>
mg ; ngl ; bia vLj ;J rfy
khztUf;Fk ; nju paf ;$bathW
xt;nthU gf;fj;jpw ;Fk; jpUg;gpf ;
fhl;LkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mtjhdpj;jjd; gpd;du;> khztUld;
mijg;gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vy;yhg; gf;fq;fSk; rJunkdTk;>
vy;yhg; gf;fq;fSk; rknddTk;
mj;jpz;kk; rJuKfprJuKfprJuKfprJuKfprJuKfp vd;W miof;fg;
gLk; vdTk; fye;Jiuahly; %yk;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
56Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
rJuKfpapd; gz;Gfs; gw;wp NkYk;
tpsf;Ftjw;F mjd; xUgf;fj;Jf;Fr;
rkdhd rJu tbtnkhd;iw ntl;bf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjidr; rJuKfpapd;
xt;nthU gf;fj;JlDk; xg;gpl;L>
gf;fq;fs; ahTk; rkdhdit vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
rJuKfpf;F 6 Kfq;fs; cz;L vdTk;
mk;Kfq;fs; rJu tbtkhdit
vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
,JNghd;W fdTU> cUis> ehd;Kfp
Nghd;w jpz;kq;fspdJk; mbg;gilg;
gz;Gfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf ; FOf ;fshf ; f p >
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Nfj;jpu
fzpj jstbtq ;fs ; kw ;Wk ;
jpz;kq;fs; mlq;fpa njhFjp-
nahd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
xt ; nthU jstbtj ;ijAk ; >
jpz;kj;ijAk; ed;F mtjhdpj;J>
mtw;wpd; gz;Gfisg; gapw;rpg ;
Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf;nfhs;SkhW
$Wq;fs;.
xt;nthU jpz;kq;fsJk; xj;j
jd;ik> NtWgl;l jd;ikfis
,dq; fhz;gjw;F khztiu topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
gpd;tUk; tpjkhf khztu;fsplk;
tpdhf;fis tpdtp> jpz;kq;fs;>
Nfj ;j pu fzpj jstbtq;fs ;
vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis
rupahf tpsf;Ffpd;whu;fsh vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
rJuKfpf;F vj;jid Kfq;fs;
cs;sd?
ehd ;F Kfq;fisf; nfhz;l
jpz;kk; ahJ?
tl;l Kfq;fisf; nfhz;l jpz;kk;
ahJ?
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: fpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jpfpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jpfpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jpfpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jpfpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jp
,dq;fhz;ghu;.,dq;fhz;ghu;.,dq;fhz;ghu;.,dq;fhz;ghu;.,dq;fhz;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 55555
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ fpil
³ epiyf;Fj;J
³ jl;il
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ rJuKfp
³ fdTU
³ rJuKf p my ;yJ fdTU
tbtpyhd ngl;b
³ ePUld;$ba xNu mstpyhd
,uz;L xsp CLGF ghj;jpuq;fs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kjy; ghlj;jpy; fw;w> jpz;kq;fspd;
gz;GfSf;Nfw;w rpy tpdhf;fis
tpdhTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fdTU xd;wpw;F vj;jid Kfq;fs;
cs;sd?
cUis xd;wpw;F vj;jid tl;l tbt
Kfq;fs; cs;sd?
rJu tbthd 6 Kfq;fs; nfhz;l
jpz;kk; ahJ?
ehd;Kfp xd;wpw;F vj;jid Kfq;fs;
cs;sd? vj ;jid tpspk ;Gfs;
cs;sd?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
57 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nkw ; g ug ;ig mw pe ;Jnfhs ;s
rkjsKs;s> rkjskw;w Nkw;gug;Gs;s
rpy nghUs;fis toq;fp> mtw;wpd;
gf;fq;fisj; jltpg; ghu;g;gjhYk;>
Nr hj p g ; gjdhYk ; jl ;ilahd
Nkw;gug;ig mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
ngl;b> rJuKfp> cUis> Nghj;jy;.
xNu msthd ,uz;L xsp CLGF
ghj;jpuq;fspy; jz;zPiur; rk msthf
Cw ;Wq ;fs ; . xNu kl ; lj ; j py ;
ghj;jpuq;fis itj;Jj; jz;zPu; kl;lk;
xNu msthf ,Ug;gijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
xsp CLGF ghj;jpuj;jpy; ePiur;
rpwpJ Cw;Wq;fs;. ghj;jpuj;ij
mq;F kpq;Fk; jpUg;Gtjd; %yk;
vg;NghJk; ePu; fpilj;jsj;jpy;
mike ;j pUf ;Fk ; vd ; gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
NkNyAs;s ePupd; kl;lk; mike;Js;s
jsk ; f pilj ; jsk ; vd ; gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
jpz;kq;fs; kw;Wk; tFg;giwf;Fs;Sk;
ntspNaAk; cs;s cgfuzq;fisf;
nfhz;L fpilj;jsj;ij ,dq;fhz
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
cl;$iu> khbf;fl;blq;fspYs;s
fpilj;jsk;> Mrpupa Nkirg; gyif
Nghd;w ,lq;fis mtjhdpg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Mrpupa Nkirapy; (fpilj;jsj;jpy;)
rJuKf p / fdTU my ;yJ
mNjNghd;W ngupa ngl;bnahd;iw
itAq;fs;.
mt;thW itj;jNghJ rJuKfpapd;
f pilj ; jsk ; vJntd ,dq ;
fhz;gjw;F khztUf;F re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;. fpilj;jsj;ij mwpKfk;
nra;jJ NghyNt epiyf;Fj;Jj;
jsj;ijAk; mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.
epiyf;Fj;Jj;js vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fl;blr;Rtu;> fjTg;gyif> ad;dy;
fjT> Mrpupau; Nkirapd; fhy;fs;.
fpilj;jsk;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsk;
my;yhj jsq;fisf; fhz;gpAq;fs;.
(rha;jsk;) mt;thwhd jsq;fs;
fpilj;jskhfNth> epiyf;Fj;Jj;-
jskhfNth my;yhjpUg;gjw;fhd
fhuzk; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
KbAkha pd ; r ha ; jsnkhd ;iw
fpilj;jsNkh> epiyf;Fj;Jj;jsNkh
f pilf ;FkhW itj ;J f pil >
epiyf;Fj ;J njhlu ;ghf NkYk;
tpsf;fk; mspAq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztu ;fisf ; FOf ;fshf ; f p >
tFg;giwapYk; ntspr ;#oypYk;
cs;s epiyf;Fj;Jj;jsk;> fpilj;jsk;
kw ;Wk ; e piyf ;Fj ;Jk ; f pilAk ;
my;yhj nghUs;fis ,dq;fz;L>
gpd;tUk; ml;ltiziag; G+u ;j;jp
nra;a topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
58Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Rtu; Nkirg;gyif KfL
''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' $iu
''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; fpilj;jsj;ijAk; epiyf;-
Fj;Jj;jsj;ijAk; ,dq;fz;Ls;sij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; gy;NtW
nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jp epiyf;-
Fj;Jj;jsj;ijAk; fpilj;jsj;ijAk;
fhl;LkhW $Wq;fs;.
epiyf;Fj;Jj;
jsk;
fpilj;jsk;
fpilj;jsNkh>
epiyf;Fj;Jj;
jsNkh
my;yhj jsk;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
59 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;
$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.
fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk; 11111 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
10 10 10 10 10
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:fbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ijfbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ijfbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ijfbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ijfbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ij
thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ fbfhuk;
³ fbfhuKfk;
³ kzpj;jpahy Ks;
³ kzpj;jpahyk;
³ tyQ;Rop
³ vz;Fwpfs;
³ epkpl Ks;
³ epkplk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ Nkir kPJ itg;gjw;F Vw;w
rhjhuz fbfhuk;
³ 15cm tpl;lKs;s tl;l tbt
ml;ilfs;
³ 7 cm x ½ cm kw;Wk; 5 cm x 1 cmfdKs;s fljhrpf; fPyq;fs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
khztu ; fSf ;F cz;ikahd
fbfhunkhd ;iwf ; fhl ;Lq ;fs ; .
mtu ; fis 1 ,y pUe ;J 1 2
tiuAs;s vz; Fwpfis thrpg;gw;F
,lkspAq;fs;.
vz;Fwpfspd; mikTfs; gw;wpf ;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
epkpl Ks;isr; rupahd jpirapy;
j pUg ;Gq ;fs ; . ,j ;j pir vt ;thW
miof ;fg ; gLk ; vd khztiu
tpdTq;fs;. (tyQ;Rop> nghJthff;
fbfhuKs; Rw;Wk; jpir vdTk;
$wg;gLk;;.)
epkplKs; 12 ,y; njhlq;fp> KOr;
Rw;nwhd;W nrd;W kPz;Lk; 12 I
milAk ;NghJ vt ;tsT Neuk ;
fope;jpLk; vd khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
(xU kzpj;jpahyk; my;yJ 60 epkplk;
vdf; $wNtz;Lk;.)
Neuj;ij 12 kzpiar; Rl;LkhW
itAq;fs;. fbfhu Kfj;jpy; epkplKs;
xU KOr ; Rw ;W nry ;Yk ; NghJ
kzpj;jpahy Ks; gazk; nry;Yfpd;w
tpjk; gw;wp khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
(mJ 12 ,y; ,Ue;J 1 ,w;Fg; gazk;
nra;jpUf;Fk;.)
kPz;Lk; epkplKs; 12 ,y; ,Ue;J ,U
Rw;Wfs; nry;Yk;NghJ kzpj;jpahy
Ks; gazQ; nra;Ak; tpjk; gw;wp
khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;. xU Rw;W xU
kzpj;jpahyk; vdTk; ,U Rw;Wfs;
,uz;L kzpj;jpahyq;fs; vdTk;
mtu ; fs ; mw pe ;Jnfhs ;tjw ;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mg;NghJ fhl;lg;gLk;
Neuj;ij thrpg;gjw;F mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
Neuj;ij %d;W kzpiar; Rl;LkhW
itj;J epkpl Ks; fbfhuj;ijr; Rw;wp
miur;Rw;W (12 ,y; ,Ue;J 6 tiu)
Rw;wp ,Ue;jhy; kzpj;jpahy Ks;
vq;Nf ,Uf;Fk; vd tpdTq;fs;. mJ
3 ,w;Fk; 4 ,w;Fk; eLtpy; ,Uf;Fk;.
mjid '%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ'%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ'%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ'%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ'%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ
epkplk;"epkplk;"epkplk;"epkplk;"epkplk;" vd mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.
,dp Neuj;ij ehd;F kzp Kg;gJ
epkplj;ijr; Rl;LkhW itj;J mjid
vy;yh khztu;fisAk; thrpg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
60Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
kzpj;jpahyj;ijAk; miu kzpj;jp
ahyj ;ijAk ; fhl ;Lk ; gy ;NtW
Neuq;fSf;Ff; fbfhuj;ij xOq;F
nra;J Neuj;ij thrpg;gjw;F Kd;tUk;
khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf ,uz;L gj;J> ,uz;L
Kg;gJ> gj;J Kg;gJ Nghd;w Neuq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;
xt;nthU khztUf;Fk; tl;l
tbt ml ;ilnahd ;Wk ; ,U
ml;ilf; fPyq;fSk; toq;Fq;fs;.
khztUf;F mtu;fsJ tl;l tbt
ml;ilapd; tpspk;Gf;F mUfpy;
NkNy 12 vDk; vz; Fwpia
vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.
12 Neu; fPNo tpspk;gpw;F mUNf 6
vDk; vz; Fwpia vOJkhW
$Wq;fs;. gpd;du; tyJ gf;fj;jpy;
3 IAk; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; 9 IAk;
vOJkhW $Wq;fs;. vz;Fwpfspd;
mikTfisf; fhl;Ltjw;Ff; fUk;-
gyifapy; cs;s glj;ijg; gad;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
12
9 3
6
,dp khztuplk; 12 ,w;Fk; 3
,w;Fk; ,ilapy; rkJ}uq;fspy;
1 IAk; 2 IAk; 3 ,w;Fk; 6 ,w;Fk;
,ilapy; 4 IAk; 5 IAk; vOJkhW
$Wq;fs;.
,t;thW fbfhu Kfj;jpy; vy;yh
vz;Fw pfisAk ; vOJtjw ;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fljhrpr; nrUfpia my;yJ <u;f;Fj;
Jz;nlhd ;iw vLj ;J fbfhu
Kfj;jpd; ikaj;jpy; kzpj;jpahy
Ks;> epkpl Ks; (fljhrpf; fPyk;
,uz ;L) Nghd ;W mikj ;Jf ;
nfhs;tjw;F khztiu mwpTWj;-
Jq;fs;.
khztiu Nrhbfshfr; Nru;j;J
xt;nthUtuJ fbfhu Kfj;ijAk;
Nrhjpj;Jg; ghu;f;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
mj py ; Neuk ; xU kzpiaf ;
fhl;LkhW $Wq;fs;.
xU khztd; Neuj;ijf; fhl;l>
kw ;iwa khztd; Neuj ;ijf;
$wNtz;Lk; vd mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
,jid mtu;fspilNa khwpkhwpr;
nra;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Ntfkhff; fw;Nghu;> fbfhuq;fisj;
jahupj ;J Neuj ;ij thrpj ;jy;
njhlu ; g hd mDgtq ;fisg ;
ngWf pd ; w mNjNtisa py ;
kw;wtu;fSf;F cjtp Njitah
vd;gijf; fz;lwpAq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
fbfhu Kfj;jpy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
tpj;jpahrkhd Neuq;fisf; fhl;Lk;
%d;W re;ju;g;gq;fisg; gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; tiue;Jnfhs;sTk;>
me;Neuj;ij vOjTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
11 1
10 2
8 4
7 5
12
6
9 3
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
61 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
tttttsq;fs;sq;fs;sq;fs;sq;fs;sq;fs;
³ cz;ikahd fbfhuk;
³ Kjy; ghlj;jpy; jahupj;j fbfhu
Kfk;
³ 1" 2" 3" '''''''' 12 tiu vz;Fwpfs;
mlq;fpa ml;il.
³ 5" 10" 15" ''''''' 55 tiu vz;Fwpfs;
mlq;fpa ml;il.
³ 'fope;J epkplk;" kw;Wk; '...,w;F
e pk p lk ; " vd vOjg ; gl ; l
ml;ilfs;.
³ ntw;Wg;ghj;jpuq;fs; ,uz;L.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
midtUk; Nru;e;J Iite;jhf 60
tiu vz;Zq;fs;.
fbfhu Kfj ;j py ; xt ;nthU
kzpj ;j pahyj ;Jf ;Fk ; xt ;nthU
miukzpj;jpahyj;Jf;Fk; NtWgLk;
Neuq;fs; rpytw;iwf; fhz;gpj;J>
khztiuf; $wr; nra;Aq;fs;.
fbfhu Kfj;jpy; Neuj;ij 6 kzpiar;
Rl;LkhW itAq;fs;.
epkpl Ks;is 12 Kjy; 1 tiu
tyQ;Ropahfr; Rw;Wq;fs; - 5 epkplk;.
2 tiu Rw;Wq;fs; - 10 epkplk;.
3 tiu Rw;Wq;fs;; - 15 epkplk;...
,t;thW 12 tiu jpUg ;Gq ;fs; .
KOikahd tl;lk; 60 epkplq;fshFk;.
nju p e ;Jnfhz ;l ,uz ;L vz ;
FwpfSf;F ,ilapy; epkplKs;is
tyQ;Ropahfr; Rw;Wq;fs;.
gazk; nra;j nkhj;jj ; J}uk ; >
epkplq;fs; vz;zpf;if - 5 MFk;.
mtw;iw vz;zpf; fzf;fpLkhW
$Wq;fs;.
fbfhu Kfj ;j py ; 12 kzpiaf ;
fhl;Lq;fs;. mjid khztu; $wr;
nra;Aq;fs;.
,g;NghJ epkpl Ks;is 1 tiu
nfhz;Lnrd;W> fope ;j Neuk; 5
epkplq;fs; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
me;j Neuk; '12 kzp fope;J 5 epkplk";
vd;gij mwpKfk;; nra;Aq;fs;.
,t ;thW Neuq ;fs ; gytw ;iw
khztiuf; $wr; nra;Aq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
7 kzp fope;J 10 epkplk;
2 kzp fope;J 35 epkplk;
fbfhu Kfj;jpy; Neuk; 6 kzpiar;
Rl;LkhW itAq;fs;. epkplKs;is 11
tUk;tiu jpUg;Gq;fs;. epkplKs; 12
,w;F tUtjw;F Kd;du; 55 epkplq;fs;
cs;sd vd;gij tpsf ;Fq;fs; .
(jpUg ;Gk ;NghJ rpwpa Ks; 7 I
neUq;Fk;.)
,jid ,Utpjkhf thrpf;fyhk;.
6 fope;J 55 epkplk;
7 ,w;F 5 epkplk; vd thrpf;fyhk;.
,uz;Lk; rupahdit.
epkpl Ks;is 10 ,y; itj;J ,jid
kPz;Lk; nra;Aq;fs;. (6 fope ;J
50 epkplk; my;yJ 7 ,w;;Fg; 10 epkplk;)
mjd; gpd;du; 9 vz;Fwpapy; itj;J
,jid kPz;Lk; nra;Aq;fs;. (6 fope;J
45 epkplk; my;yJ 7 ,w;;Fg; 15 epkplk;.)
8 ,y; itj;jhy; (6 fope;J 40 epkplk;
my;yJ 7 ,w;F 20 epkplq;fs;)
7 ,y; itj;jhy; (6 fope;J 35 epkplk;
my;yJ 7 ,w;F 25 epkplq;fs;.)
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
62Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
FOf;fisr; Nrhbfshfg; gpupj;Jg;
Nghl;bnahd;iw tFg;gpy; elj;jg;
Nghtjhff; $Wq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; khjpupf ;
fbfhuk; xd;Wk; (KbAkhapd;
cz ;ikf ; fbfhuk ; ) NkNy
Fw p g ; g p lg ; gl ; l ml ;ilfs ;
njhFjpfSk; ,uz;L ghj;jpuq;
fSk; mtrpakhFk;. KjyhtJ
ghj ;j puj ;j py ; Kjy; ml ;ilj ;
njhFj piaAk ; ,uz ;lhtJ
ghj;jpuj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ ml;ilj;
njhFjpiaAk; ,Lq;fs;.
jj ; jkJ Kiw tUk ; NghJ
KjyhtJ ghj;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU
ml;ilia vLj;J "fope;J epkplk;"
my;yJ ",w;F epkplk;" vd;wthWvOjg;gl;l ml;ilapd; Kd;dhYk;>
,uz;lhtJ ghj ;j puj ;j py ; xU
ml;ilia vLj;J mjd; fPNo
$wg;gl;l ml;ilapd; gpd;Gwkhf
itf;FkhWk; khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
8 fope;J 20 epkplq;fs;
my;yJ
8 kzpf;F 20 epkplq;fs;
ml;ilfis vLj;j khztu; Nrhb>
Neuk ; vd ;dntd ;gijf ; $w
Ntz;Lk;. mLj;j Nrhb fbfhu
Kfj ; j py ; Kl ; fis cu pa
,lj;Jf ;Fj ; jpUg ;g p Neuj ;ij
itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Kjy; Nrhbapdhy; me;j Neuk;
rupahdjh vd> Nrhjpf;fg;gLjy;
Ntz;Lk;. mJ rupnad Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gl;lhy; Neuj;ij itj;j
Nrhbf;F 10 Gs;spfs; fpilf;Fk;.
jtwpdhy; mLj;j Nrhbf;F 5
Gs;spfs; fpilf;Fk;.
xt;nthU NrhbAk; fbfhuKfj;jpy;
Neuj;ijr; Rl;Ltjw;F khwpkhwp
tha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L> xU
Nrhb 100 Gs;spfs; ngWk;tiuapy;
tpisahLtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; tpisahb Kbj;j gpd;du;>
jkJ Kiw tUk;NghJ ghj;jpuj;jpy;
,Ue ;J ml ;ilia k Pz ;Lk ;
vLf;FkhW $Wq;fs;. gapw;rpg ;
Gj ;jfj ;j py ; fbfhu Kfj ;ij
tiue ;J > ml ;ila py ; cs ;s
Neuj;ijf; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;LkhW
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
fbfhu Kfj;j py ; fhl ;lg ;gLk ;
Neuj;ijr; nrhw;fspy; vOJtjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
63 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;
$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ fhiy ³ khiy
³ kj;jpahdk; ³ Kw;gfy;
³ gpw;gfy;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ cz;ikahd fbfhuk;
³ FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;F mtrpakhd
ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
gpd;tUtd Nghd;w tpdhf;fis
Kd;itj;J kdjhy; fzf;fpl;L tpil
$w topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fhiy 6 kzpf ;F vOe ;J xU
kzpj ;j pahyj;jpd ; gpd ; czit
cz;Nld;. fhiy czit cz;Zk;
NghJ vj;jid kzp?
NgUe;J tz;bnahd;W Gwg;gl;l miu
kzpj;jpahyj;jpd; gpd; K.g. 11.00
kzpf;F efuj;ij mile;jJ. NgUe;J
tz;b Gwg;gl;l Neuk; vd;d?
11 kzpf;F 1 kzpj;jpahyj;jpd; gpd;G
vj;jid kzp?
khiy 6 fope;J> 2 kzpj;jpahyk;> 30
epkplq;fspd; gpd; Neuk; ahJ?
khztd; xUtidf; nfhz;L fbfhu
Kfg;gpy; 12.00 kzpiar; Rl;bf;fhl;lr;
nra;Aq;fs;.
,q;F fhl;lg;gLk; Neuk; ,uT 12 vd
epidj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk; vdf; $Wq;fs;.
es;spuT 12.00 kzp fope;j gpd;du;
GjpanjhU ehs; cjakhfpwJ vd
khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
Neuj;ij 1.00 kzpahfr; Rl;bf;fhl;bg;>
Gjpa ehspy; xU kzpj;jpahyk; fope;J
tpl;lJ vdTk; mJ Kw;gfy; 1.00 kzp
vdg;gLk; vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Neuk ; Kw ;gfy ; 1 .00 kzp vd
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
Neuj;ij 2 kzpahf mikj;Jf;
nfhz;L Kw;gfy; 2.00 kzp vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
,t;thW K.g 6.00> K.g 8.30 Nghd;w
Neuq;fs; rpytw;iw khztiuf;
nfhz;L mikj;J> me;Neuq;fisf;
$Wtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,q;F Kw;gfy; vd;gij K.g. vd
vOjyhk; vd;gijAk; Kd;itAq;fs;.
fbfhuj;jpy; ez;gfy; Neuk; (12.00)
fle;j gpd;> Kw;gfy; epiwtilAk;
vd ; gijAk ; ehs pd ; g p w ; gfy ;
Muk;gkhfpwJ vd;gijAk; njspthf
khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
kPz;Lk; fbfhu Kfg;gpy; Neuj;ij
1.00 kzpahf Rl;bf;fhl;Lq;fs;.
,g;NghJ Neuk; gpw;gfy; 1.00 kzp
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;. fUk;gyifapy;
vOjpf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
,JNghd;Nw gpw;gfy; 3.00> gpw;gfy; 4.30
Nghd;w gpw;gfy; Neuq;fs; rpytw;iw
khztiuf ; nfhz ;L mikj ;J
mjid vOJtjw ;F xOq ;F
nra;Aq;fs;.
gpw;gfy; vd;gij gp.g.gp.g.gp.g.gp.g.gp.g. vd vOJk;gb
$Wq;fs;.
,jd ;gb Neuk ; es ;s puT 12 .00
MFk;NghJ 24 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;
fope;Js;sJ vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
es;spuT 12.00 fope;J 30 epkplk;
MFk;NghJ Neuk; Kw;gfy; 0.30
vd;gijj; njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
64Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,uz;lhtJ FOTf;Fg; gpd;tUk;
tpjkhd Neuq;fs; vOjg;gl ;l
ml;ilj; njhFjpia toq;Fq;fs;.
K.g 8.00 gp.g. 2.00
K.g. 10.00 gp.g. 6.00
ez;gfy; 12.00
xt;nthU khztDk; xt;nthU
ml;ilia vLj;J mjpy; Fwpg;gpl;l
Neuj ;Jf ;Fj ; jhd ; nra ;f pd ;w
Ntiyiaf; $Wtjw;F re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
K.g. 7'00 ghlrhiy nry;fpNwd;.
mjd; gpd; ,uz;L FOf;fspdJk;
ml;ilfis khw;wpf ; nfhz;L
nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
g pd ;tUk ; ml ; ltiziag ;
gpujpnra;J> xt;nthU rk;gtq;-
fisAk; vOjpg; G+u;j;jp nra;AkhW
$Wq;fs;.
Kw;gfypy; gpw;gfypy
nra;git nra;git
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg ;ig ,uz ;L FOf ;fs ;
Mf;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fs; vOjg;gl;l
ml;ilfspd; njhFjpnahd;iw xU
FOTf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
khztd; xUtid ml;il xd;iw
vLj;J mjpy; cs;s rk;gtk;
,lk;ngWtJ Kw;gfypyh my;yJ
gpw;gfypyh vd;gijf; $WkhW
$Wq;fs;. FOtpYs;s midj;J
khztUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;
tpjkhfr; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;
Jq;fs;.
#upad; cjpf;fpwJ.
gwitfs; $Lfis Nehf;fpg;
gwf;fpd;wd.
G+f;fs; kyu;fpd;wd.
#upad; kiwfpwJ.
ghlrhiy nry;fpNwd;.
re;jpud; cjakhfpwJ.
ghlrhiy Muk;gkhfpwJ.
kf;fs; Ntiyia tpl;L
tPL nry;fpd;whu;fs;.
fkf;fhud; taYf;Fg;
Nghfpwhd;.
jhkiu kyu;fpwJ
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
65 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.
epiwepiwepiwepiwepiw 11111 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
1111111111
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ mDkhdk; ³ epidj;j epiw
³ cz;ik epiw ³ fpl;ba epiw
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ 1 kg, 1kg I tpl rw;Wf;$ba>
Fiwe ;j e piwAs ;s kzy;
my;yJ nghUs; nghjpfs;.
³ gbf;fw;fs; njhFjpAk; FOTf;F
xt;nthU juhRk;.
³ FOr; nraw;ghl;bw;fhf ,yf;fk;
Fwpf;fg;gl;l NkYiwAldhd
gy;NtW epiw nfhz;l nghjpfs;
njhFj p . (,jw ; f hf 5 0 0
fpuhKf;Ff; fpl;ba epiwAs;s
nghjp kw ;Wk ; 1 kg I tpl
mjpfkhd epiwnfhz;l nghjp
fisAk; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.)
³ mstpy; $bajhy; epiw mjpfk;
vDk ; jtwhd vz ;zf ;fU
khztu plk ; Vw ; glhjthW
nghUs;fisj; njupTnra;Aq;fs;.
(gQ;R> ,Uk;ghzp> kuj;J}s;...)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
e piw njhlu ; g hd Kd ;dw pit
kPl;Ltjw;F kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
epiwia msg;gjw;Fg; gad;-
gLj;jg ;gLk; msj;jy; myF
ahJ?
fpNyhfpuhk; vd;gjw;Fg; gad;-
gLj;jg;gLk; FwpaPL vd;d?
fpuhkpw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; FwpaPL
vd;d?
xU fpNyhfpuhk py ; vj ;jid
fpNyhfpuhk;fs; cs;sd?
,uz;L 500 fpuhk;fspy; vj;jid
fpNyhfpuhk;?
juhirAk ; 1kg gbf ;fy ;iyAk ;
khztUf;F Kd;itAq;fs; . kggbf;fy;iy ,dq;fhz;gjw;F topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
tpw;wuhR ,Ug;gpd; mjidf; fhl;b>
epiwnahd;iwj; njhq;ftpLk;NghJ>
mjd; Ks; 1 kg fhl;Lk; ,lj;ij
mwpKfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
1 kg gbf;fy;iy khztu; iffs;
khw ;w p toq ;f p mjd; e piwia
czUk; tpjkhf cau;j;jp> me;epiw
njhlu ;ghd mDgtj;ijg; ngwr ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
xU khztid my;yJ khztpia
mioAq;fs;. mtSf;F / mtDf;F
1kg ,w ;Fr ; rkdhd kzw ;
nghjpnahd;iwf; ifapy; nfhLj;J>
mjd ; e piwia mDkhd pj ;Jf ;
$Wtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;
mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
66Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
mt;tpiliaf; fUk;gyifapy; vOjpf;
fhl;LkhW mtsplk; / mtdplk;
$Wq;fs;. rupahf vOJk; tpjj;ij
kPz;Lk; epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 1 fpNyhfpuhk; = 1 kg.
khztupd; tpil rupahdjh vdg;
ghu ;g ;gjw;F juhrpd; xU jl;by;>
gbf;fy;iyAk; mLj;j jl;by; kzy;
nghjpiaAk; itj;J mtjhdpf;FkhW
$Wq;fs;. NkYk; mJ njhlu;ghf
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
g pd ;du ; ,d ;DnkhU khztiu
mioj;J 1kg gbf;fy;iyf; ifapy;
nfhLj ;J mij xU jl ; by ;
itAq;fs;. mjd; gpd;G> 1kg I tplrw;W epiw mjpfkhd my;yJ rpwpJ
e piw Fiwthd kzy; nghj p
nahd;iwf; ifapy; nfhLj;J mjd;
epiwia mDkhdpj;Jf; $WkhW
$Wq;fs;.
mDkhd pj ;Jf ; $w pa t pil
rupahdjh? jtwhdjh? vd;gij
mwpe ;J nfhs ;tjw ;Fj ; juhr py ;
gbf ; fy ;iy itj ;J cz;ik
epiwiaf; fhz topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mjw ;Nfw ;g tpil mz;zsthf
rupahdjh vd;gij tprhupAq;fs;.
mz;zsthf mDkhdpj;Jf; $Wjy;
njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;ij khztu;
ngw ;Wf ; nfhs ;tjw ;F ,t ;thW
topfhl;Lq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xt;nthU
nghUl; njhFjp> juhR> gbf;fw;fs;
vd;gtw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
xt ;nthU khztidAk; xU
jlitf;F xU nghUs; nghjpia/igia vLj;J mtw;w py ; 1kgmy;yJ mjw;F mz;zsthd
e piw nfhz ;l nghj piaj ;
njupe;njLf;fTk;> mjidf; fPNo
jug;gl;Ls;s Nghd;w ml;ltizapy;
Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; mwpTWj;-
Jq;fs;.
nghUs;
KjyhtJ
kzy; nghjp Mk; 1kg 150g,uz;lhtJ
kzy; nghjp ,y;iy 500g
xt;nthU khztDk; vy;yhg ;
nghjpfspd; epiwiaAk; mD
khdpj;J mit 1kg epiwAs;sjh?
mjw ;Ff ; f pl ; ba e piwah /,y;iyah vd;gijj; jPu;khdpj;J
Kbe;j gpd;du; FOf;fspilNa jkJ
mDkhdq ;fs ; njhlu ; ghff ;
fye;JiuahLkhW $Wq;fs;.
midtUk; ,ize;J xt;nthU
nghjpapdJk; cz;ik epiwia
mse ;J ghu ;f ;fTk ; mtw ;iw
ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ FOf ;fSf ;Fr ; nrd ;W
mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd cjtp-
fis toq;Fq;fs;.
khztUf;F 1kg my;yJ mjw;Ff;
fpl;ba epiwia mDkhdpg;gjw;fhd
Mw ;wy ; ve ; jsTf ;F cs ;s
njd;gij fz;lwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
mJgw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
cz;ik
epiw
1kg my;yJ
mjw;F fpl;ba
epiwAs;s
nghjpah /,y;iyah
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
67 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;Jepiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;Jepiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;Jepiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;Jepiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;J
$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ mDkhdk; ³ epidj;j epiw
³ cz;ikepiw ³ fpl;ba epiw
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ Kjy; ghlj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpa
tsq;fs;
³ ,uz;L> %d;W> ehd;F fpNyh -
fpuhk; epiwnfhz;l rpy kzw;-
nghjpfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
g pd ;tUk ; t pdhf ; fs pd ; %yk ;
khztupd; Kd; mDgtk; gw;wpf;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
1 fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid fpuhk;fs;
cs;sd?
2 fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid fpuhk;fs;
cs;sd?
fpl;ba fpNyhfpuhKf;F mDkhdpf;ff;-
$ba tpjj;ij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
mJNghyNt f pl ; ba ,uz ;L
fpNyhfpuhk;> %d;W fpNyhfpuhk;
vd ;wthW mDkhdpf ;f KbAk ;
vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
1kg epiw vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l kzy;
nghjpfs; rpytw;iw khztu;fsJ
iffSf;F khwp khwp mDg;Gq;fs;.
mjd; epiw 1kg vdTk; me;epiwiaj;
jkf;F czuf;$ba tpjj;jpy; itj;J
mDgtj;ijg; ngWkhWk; $Wq;fs;.
k hztd ; xUtid tFg ; Gf ;F
Kd;dhy; mioAq;fs;. 2kg epiwAs;s
nghjpnahd;iwf; iffspy; nfhLq;fs;.
mg;nghjpapd; epiw vt;tsT vd
mDkhdpj ;Jf ; $Wtjw ;F topg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;. Kd;ida ghlj;jpy;
jug;gl;lJ NghyNt mjid mse;J
ghu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mjd;
epiw 2kg vd;gij mDkhdpg;gjw;F
mtu;fshy; KbahJ Nghdhy;> mjid
2kg I tpl epiwapy; Fiwe;jjh>
$bajh vd;W tpdhf;fs; tpdtpathW
nraw;ghl;by; <Lglr; nra;Aq;fs;.
Nkw;$wg;gl;lthW 3kg, 4kg msTs;s
epiw Fiwthd my;yJ $ba
nghjpfspd; epiwia mDkhdpg;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;FtNjhL> mse;J
ghu;j ;J epiwia cWjpg;gLj;jpf ;
nfhs;sTk;> re;ju;g;gj;ij cUthf;-
Fq;fs;.
fpNyhfpuhkpy; epiwia mDkhdpj;jy;
njhlu;ghf khztupilNa ek;gpf;if-
iaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf xt;nthU
re;ju;g;gk; njhlu;ghfTk; $Lkhdtiu
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; nghUl;fspd;
njhFjpnahd;iwAk;> juhR> gbf;
fw ;fspd; njhFjpnahd;iwAk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
xU jlitf;F xU nghjp tPjk;
vLj;J mjid iffSf;F khw;wp>
khw;wp xt;nthU khztDk; jdpj;
jdpahf epiwia mDkhdpg ;
gjw;Fk; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy;
mtw;iwf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
68Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;bUf;-
ifapy;> FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W
mtjhdpAq;fs;.
rupahf epiwia msg;gijAk;
ml ;ltizapy ; Fw pg ; gijAk ;
ftdpAq;fs;.
2kg ,w;Ff; $ba epiwAs;s
nghUs;fspy; fpl;ba fpNyhfpuhik
mDkhdpg;gJ cz;ikapy; khzt
Uf;Fr ; rthyhf mikayhk; .
Njitf;F Vw;wthW ,ilf;fpilNa
nrd ;W khztUf ;F cjt p
toq;Fq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ nfhz;L nry;yYld;
³ nfhz;L nry;yypd;wp.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ngwg;gl;Ls;s Kd;dwpT njhlu;ghd
kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fs; rpytw;Wf;F
t pilas pg ; gjw ;Fr ; re ; j u ; g ; gk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1. %d ;W 5 0 0 f p u hk ; fs ;
f pNyhf p uhk ;fs py ; vt ;tsT
MFk;?
2. %d;W 250 fpuhk;fs; vj;jid
fpuhk;fs; MFk;?
fpNyhfpuhKldhd gy;NtW $l;ly;
gpurpdq;fis tha;%yk; Kd;itj;J
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1. 65 fpNyhfpuhk; ney;Yld; ,d;Dk;
30 fpNyhfpuhk; ney; Nru;f;fg;gl;lhy;
nkhj;j epiw ahJ?
2. 38 fpNyhfpuhk ; r Pd p cs;s
ignahd ;w py ; ,d ;Dk ; 1 2
fpNyhfpuhk; rPdp ,lg;gl;lhy;
nkhj;j epiw ahJ?
3. gg ;ghr pg ;gok ; xd ;w pd ; e piw
1 fpNyh fpuhk; 100 fpuhk; MFk;.
,d;ndhU gg ;ghr papd ; epiw
2 fpNyhfpuhk; 500 fpuhk; MFk;.
,uz;bdJk; nkhj;j epiw ahJ?
,dpg; gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpyhd nfhz;L
nry;yYldhd $l;ly; gpurpdk; xd;iw
Kd;itAq;fs;. fzf;ifr; nra;Ak;-
NghJ epiufspy; vOjpr ;nra;Ak;
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpafpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpafpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpafpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpafpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa
$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3
nghjp mDkhdpj;j cz;ik
epiw epiw
1'kzw;ig 1kg 1kg 150g
xt;nthU nghUspd; epiwiaAk;
mDkhdpj;j gpd;du;> vy;yhtw;-
iwAk; xd;whf mse;J epiwiaf;
fzf;fpl;L ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;F mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
69 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1' G+rzpf;fha; xd;wpd; epiw
2 fpNyhfpuhk; 600 fpuhk; MFk;.
,d;ndhU G+rzpf;fhapd; epiw
3 fpNyhfpuhk; 450 fpuhk; MFk;.
,uz;L G+rzpfha ;fspdJk;
nkhj;j epiw vt;tsT?
,jidj; jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ijf; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOjp tpsf;Fq;fs;.
kg gKjyhtJ fhapd; epiw 2 600
,uz;lhtJ fhapd; epiw 3 450
,uz;bdJk; epiw 6 50
,uz;L fha;fspdJk; epiw 6kg 50g
vd;gij vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.
gpurpdj;ij vOjpf; fhl;Ltjd; %yk;
jPu;f;Fk;NghJ myFfspd; FwpaPLfis
NkNy vOJtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
typAWj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;. (xU
FOTf;F 5 Ngu; kl;Lk; vd;wthW
mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.)
fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhkpy; cs;s ,U
epiwfisf; nfhz;Lnry;yYld;
$l ; bf ; $l ;Lj ; njhifiaf ;
fhz;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd gpurpd-
nkhd;W tPjk; xt;nthU khztUk;
vOJtjw;F topg ;gLj;Jq;fs; .
mjw;nfd 2 epkplq;fis toq;F-
q;fs;.
khztUf;F mtrpakhd re;ju;g;-
gq;fspy; cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.
,dpf; FOtpy; cs;s xt;nthU
cWg;gpdUk; jdJ gpurpdj;ij
thrpf;Fk;NghJ> kw;w cWg;gpdu;fs;
gpurpdj;ij kl;Lk; vOjp tpil fhz
Ntz;Lnkd $Wq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: kg g 12 800
+ 5 700 18 500
(khztu; vOJk; gpurpdq;fis thrpj;Jg;
gpiofs; ,Ug;gpd; mtw;iwj; jpUj;J-
tjw;F cjtpnra;Aq;fs;.)
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ FOf ;fSf ;Fr ; nrd ;W
mtu;fs; rupahf gpurpdq;fisj;
jPu;f;fpd;wduh vd;W ghUq;fs;.
tpiuthf Ntiyia Kbf;Fk;
FOTf;F NtW FOf;fspYs;s
khztuhy; vOjg;gl;l gpurpdq;-
fisAk; jPu;g;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
70Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ngwg;gl;l Kd;dwpitf; nfhz;L rpy
kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fSf;F tpil
mspg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
gpurpdnkhd;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J>
fye;Jiuahbj; jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij
fUk;gyifapy; vOjp tpsq;fg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
f poq ;F %ilnahd ;w pd ; e piw
20 fpNyhfpuhk; 300 fpuhk; MFk;.
mjpy; 2 fpNyhfpuhk; 500 fpuhk;
epiwAs;s fpoq;Ffs; tpw;fg;gl;ld.
kPjKs;s fpoq;Ffspd; epiw ahJ?
kg g%ilapy; ,Ue;j
fpoq;fpd; epiw 20 300
tpw;w fpoq;Ffspd; 8 500
epiw
kPjKs;s fpoq;Ffspd; 11 800
epiw
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
ghlk; 3 ,y; $l;liyr; nra;j
Kiwiag; gpd;gw;w khztiu
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
ghlk; 3 ,y; cs;sthW nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
71 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:nghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;snghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;snghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;snghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;snghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;s
vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.
2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
12 12 12 12 12
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ nghJ tpj;jpahrk;
³ vz;Nfhyk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ 1 - 40 tiuapyhd vz; ml;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
vz ; Nfhyq ;fs ; njhlu ; g hd
khztupd; Kd;dwpit epidT+l;L-
tjw;F> kdf;fzf;FfSf;fhfr;; rpy
epkplq;fisr; nrytpLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1 cld; 2 If; $l;bdhy; tpil ahJ?
3 cld; 2 If; $l;bdhy; tpil ahJ?
5 cld; 2 If; $l;bdhy; tpil ahJ?
1" 3" 5" 7" ''''''" ''''''''
,t;thW Muk;g vz;iz khw;wp
,uz;buz;lhff; $l;bdhy; fpilf;Fk;
mLj;j vz; vd;dntdf; Nfl;lwp-
Aq;fs;.
1 - 40 tiuapyhd vz; ml;ilfis
Nkirapy; itAq;fs;.
mt;ntz; ml;ilfisf; nfhz;L rpy
vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
khztnuhUtuplk; gj;jpYk; Fiwe;j
vz;nzhd;iwf; $WkhW $Wq;fs;.
mjw;Fupa vz; ml;ilia ahtUk;
ghu;f;ff;$bathW fUk;gyifapd; kPJ
my;yJ gyif nahd;w pd ; k PJ
nghUj;Jq;fs;. nghJtpj;jpahrk; 2
MfTs ;s vz; Nfhynkhd ;iw
Mf;ff;$bathW vz; ml;ilfis
itf;FkhW ,d;ndhU khztdplk;
$Wq;fs;.
5 7 9 11
,t;thwhfg; nghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5>
10 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyq;fisf;
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F> khztu;fSf;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. fl;bnaOg;gpa
vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ; fUk;gyifapy ;
vOJq;fs;.
(Kjypy; njupTnra;ag;gLk; vz; 30
my;yJ mjw;Ff; $baJ vdpd; nghJ
tpj;jpahrj;Jf;F Fiwe;Jnry;Yk;
Nfhyj ;ijf ; fl ;bnaOg ;Gtjw ;F
topfhl;Lq;fs;.)
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 30" 28" 26" 24" ''''''''' '''''''''
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;g pYs;s khztiur ; r pW
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; 2> 3> 5> 10
Mfpa vz;fs; nfhz;l ml;ilfis
xUtUf;F Xu ; ml ;ilNaDk;
f pilf ;Fk ; tpjkhfg ; gfpu ;e ;J
nfhLq;fs;.
FOtpw;Ff; fpilj;j vz; ml;il-
fis mtw;wpy; cs;s vz;fs;
nju pahjthW Nkirapd ; k PJ
ftpo;j;J itf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
72Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOtpYs;s xt;Nthu; cWg;gpdUk;
Xu; vz; ml;il tPjk; vLj;Jj;
jdf;Ff; fpilj;j vz;> nghJ
t pj ;j pahrkhf tUkhW vz;
Nfhynkhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;gpf;
$wNtz;Lk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;. xU
khztid Muk;g vz;izf;
$WkhW $Wq;fs;. ,d;ndhU
khztidg; nghJ tpj;jpahrj;ijf;
$w topg ;gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . mjd;
%ykhf vz;Nfhyj;ijj; njhlu;e;J
fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztDk; fl;bnaOg;Gk;
Nfhyk ; ru pahdnjd ; gijg ;
ghu;g;gjw;F kw;iwa khztiu
<L;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mt;ntz; Nfhyq;fisj; jkJ
gapw;rpg ; Gj;jfq;fspy; vOjpf;
nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
kPz;Lk; vz; ml;ilfis NkirkPJ
ftpo ;j ;J itj;J> Kd;GNghy;
Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;gtjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thwhf xt;nthU FOitAk;
r py vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl ;b-
naOg;Gtjw;F <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xt ;nthU FOTf ;Fk ; nghJ-
tpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 Mfpa
vz;fs; nfhz;l xU vz; Nfhyk;
vd;wthW> tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
khztu ; fl ;bnaOg;g pa vz;-
Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw gapw;rpg ;
Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf; nfhs;SkhW
$Wq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky;yf; fw;Nghiu njhlf;fj;jpy;
vspa vz;Nfhyq;fis kl;Lk;
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1& 2" 4" 6" 8 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''^2& 3" 6" 9" 12 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''^3& 5" 10" 15" 20 '''''''''''''''''''''''^4& 10" 20" 30" 40 '''''''''''''''''''''
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ 1 Kjy; 50 tiuapy; vz;fs;
vOjg;gl;l vz; ml;ilfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kd;du; fw;w nghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3>
4> 5> 10 MfTs;s vz; Nfhyq;fis
e pidTgLj ;JkhW kdf ;fz pj
tpdhf;fs; rpytw;iw tpdhTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
mLj;J tUk; vz;izf;
$Wq;fs;.
1" 3" 5" 7 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2" 5" 8" 11 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''5" 10" 15" 20 vz;Nfhyj ;j py ;
mLj;JtUk; ,U vz;fSf;fpilapy;
cs;s tpj;jpahrk; vj;jid?
nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;s
vz;Nfhyk; xd;W $Wq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
73 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
gpd;tUk; vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
6" 12" 18" 24 ''''''''''''''''''''''
,J nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 6 Mf mikAk;
vz;Nfhyk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Muk;g vz;iz khw;wpaikj;J nghJ
tpj;jpahrk; 6 If; nfhz;l rpy
vz;Nfhyq ;fis ml ;ilfisf ;
nfhz;L khztu ; gq ;fspg ;Gld;
fl ;bnaOg ;Gq ;fs ; . Muk ;g vz;
khWk;NghJ nghJtpj;jpahrk; 6 If;
nfhz;l vz;NfhyKk; khWk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fl;bnaOg;gpa vz;Nfhyq;fisf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
nghJtpj;jpahrk; 6 If; nfhz;l
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd vz;Nfhyq;fis
mwpKfQ;nra;Aq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 24" 18" 12" 6
1" 7" 1" 7" 1
2" 8" 14" 8" 2" 8FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igr; rpwpa FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
FOtpYs;s xU khztid Xu;
vz;izf; $WkhW $Wq;fs;.
Vida khztiu > nghJ -
tpj;jpahrk; 6 Mf mikAkhW
vz;Nfhynkhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gk;
tpjkhf khwp khwp vz;fisf;
$WkhW $Wq;fs;.
mtw;iw mtu ;fsJ gapw ;r pg ;
Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf; nfhs;tjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,JNghd;W xt;nthU FOitAk;
nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 6 Mf mikAk;
4 vz ;Nfhyq ;fisf ; fl ; b -
naOg;Gtjpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
FOf;fs; fl;bnaOg;g pa vz;
Nfhyq;fis tFg;g py ; Kd;
itg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
Nfhyj;ij ,dq;fz;L> ntw;Wf;
$Lfspy; nghUj;jkhd vz;iz
vOJq;fs;.
1' 6 12 18
2' 3 9 15
3' 37 31 25 13
4' 64 58 40
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky ;yf ; fw ;Fk ; khztUf ;fhfg ;
nghUl;fs; my;yJ cUt ml;ilfis
njhlu;GgLj;jp vspa Nfhyq;fisf;
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
74Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ vz; ml;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Ke ;j pa ghlj ;j py ; fw ; w vz ; -
Nfhyq;fis epidTgLj;Jtjw;fhd
kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fs; rpytw;iw
khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;. 8 Mk;
ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghl;by; tpilfs; $Wk;
tpjkhd rpy kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis
tpdTq;fs;.
mjd ; g pd ;du ; xU khztid
10 ,w;Ff; Fiwthd VNjDk; xU
vz;izf; $wr; nra;Aq;fs;.
mjid midtUk ; gh u ; f ;Fk ;
tpjkhff; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
,d ;DnkhU khztdplk ; me ;j
vz;Zld; 8 If; $l;bdhy; tUk; vz;
vd;dntd;gijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
mt ;ntz;iz Kjypy ; vOj pa
vz;zpd; mUfpy; vOJq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 5> 13
,t;thW khztu; cjtpAld; nghJ-
tpj;jpahrk; 8 Mf mikAk; vz;-
Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 5> 13> 21> 29> 37
,JNghyNt nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mf
mikAk; vz; Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw
khztu; cjtpAld; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
1" 9" 17" 2540" 32" 24" 16" 82" 10" 2" 10" 2
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igr; rpW FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
ghlk; 2 ,y; FOr; nraw;ghl;bd;
NghJ nraw;gl;lJ NghyNt nghJ
tpj ;j pahrk ; 8 Mf mikAk;
vz;Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iwf;; fl;b-
naOg ; Gtj py ; khztiu <L
gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mf mikAk;
vz ;Nfhyq ;fs ; r pytw ;iwf ;
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F khztUf;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. rupahff;
Nfhyq ;fisf ; fl ;bnaOg ; G -
fpwhu;fsh vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky;yf ; fw ;Fk ; khztUf;F
nghUs ;fs ; my ;yJ cUt
ml ;ilfs ; cjtpAld ; vspa
vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;g
NkYk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
Nkyjpf nraw;ghL mtrpakhd
khztiug; gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;ntz;fs; midj;ijAk; nfhz;L
vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
27 3519
113
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
75 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ngUf;fy;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ vz; ml;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfk;
vz;Nfhyk; njhlu;ghd khztu; ngw;w
Kd;dwpit kPl;;ly; njhlu;ghfr; rpwpJ
Neuj;ijr; nrytpLq;fs;.
2> 4> 6> 8 vDk; Nfhyq;fisf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;. ,e;jf;
Nfhyj ; j py ; mLj ;Js ;s ,U
vz;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhlu;G
vd;dntd;gij khztuplk; Nfl;lwp-
Aq;fs;.
vz;fs; ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s
NtWghL / tpj;jpahrk; 2 vd;gij
mtu;fs; ,dq;fz;l gpd;G> 2> 4> 8>
16 vDk; Nfhyj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;
vOJq;fs;.
,jpy; ,uz;L vz;fSf;fpilNa
cs;s njhlu;ig tpsf;Fq;fs;.
4 I ngWtjw;F 2 I ve;j vz;zhy;
ngUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztuplk;
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
8 I ngWtjw;F 4 I ve;j vz;zhy;
ngUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztuplk;
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
,t;thW Nfhyj;jpy; cs;s xt;nthU
vz;izAk; 2 My; ngUf;Fk;NghJ
mLj ;J tUk ; vz; f pilf ;Fk ;
vd;gijj; njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.
2 ,d; ngUf;fk; mikAkhW NkYk;
vz;Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpKfg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 3> 6> 12> 24
1> 2> 4> 8
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;gpYs;s khztiur; rpwpa
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; nraw;ghL
fSf;fhf 1 Kjy; 9 tiuapyhd
vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l vz; ml;ilfs;
njhFjpnahd;W tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.
mtw;iw vz;fs; njupahjthW
NkirkPJ ftpo;j;J itf;FkhW
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
khztd; xUtd; mtw;wpy; ,Ue;J
Xu; ml;ilia vLj;J> mjpYs;s
vz;iz FOtpYs;s kw;wtu;-
fSf;Ff; fhl;l Ntz;Lk; vdf;
$Wq;fs;.
kw;w khztu;fs; xt;nthUtuhf
khwpkhwp nghJtpfpjk; 2 Mf
mikAk ; vz ;Nfhyj ;ijf ;
fl;bnaOg;Gk; tpjkhf vz;fisf;
$wr; nra;Aq;fs;.
mjidj; jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
vOjpf ; nfhs ;tjw ;F xOq;F
nra;Aq;fs;.
,dp KjyhtJ khztd; vLj;j
ml;ilia ePf ;f ptpl ;L Vida
ml ;ilfs py ; ,Ue ;J xU
ml;ilia kw;nwhU khztd;
vLg;gjw;Fr; rw;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
Kd;G nra;jJ NghyNt kw;iwa
khztu;fs; mt;ntz;zpw;F Vw;g
vz; Nfhyj;ij Mf;Ftjw;F topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vz; ml;ilfs; midj;ijAk;
vLj;J Kbf;Fk; tiu> ,r;nraw;-
ghl;ilj; njhlu;e;J nra;a Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
76Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xt;nthU FOTk; fl;bnaOg;gpa>
vz;Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw Kd;
itg;gjw;F> re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; gapw;rpfspy; khztiu
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
vz ; Nfhyj ;ij ,dq ;fz ;L >
ntw ;w plq ;fspy ; nghUj ;jkhd
vz;iz vOJq;fs;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ vz; ml;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kd ;ida ghlq ;fs py ; fw ; w
vz;Nfhyq;fs; gw;wp epidT+l;Ltjw;F>
r py t pdhf ; fis khztUf ;F
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:1' 2 I 2 My; ngUf;fpdhy; tUk;
tpil ahJ?
4 I 2 My; ngUf;fpdhy; tUk;
tpil ahJ?
8 I 2 My; ngUf;fpdhy; tUk;
tpil ahJ?
2' 5 ,Yk; Fiwe;j vz;nzhd;iwf;
$Wq;fs;.
2 ,d; ngUf;fkhf vz;Nfhyq;fs;
mikAkhW r py vz ;fisf ;
$Wtjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
3> 9> 27 vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOJq;fs;. ,t;ntz;
Nfhyj;jpy ; mUNf mike;Js;s
vz;fspd; tpj;jpahrk; / njhlu;G
vd;dntd;gij khztu; $Wtjw;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
2 ,d; ngUf;fkhd vz;Nfhyj;ij
mwpKfk; nra;jJ Nghd;Nw 3 ,d;
ngUf ;fj ;ijAk ; khztUf ;F
mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg ; G khztiur ; r p w pa
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 1 Kjy; 5
tiuapyhd vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l vz;
ml;ilfspd; njhFjpnahd;iw
toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlk; 4 ,y; nra;j nraw;ghLfisg;
NghyNt> 3 ,d; ngUf;fk; nfhz;l
vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy;
khztiu <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jl3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jl3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jl3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jl3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jldhddhddhddhddhd vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;. vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;. vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;. vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;. vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 55555
1& 1" 2" 4" 8 '''''''''''" '''''''''''
2& 3" 6" 12" 24" ''''''''''" '''''''''''''
3& 5" 10" 20" 40 '''''''''' " '''''''''''
4& 7" 14" 28 ''''''''''" '''''''''''''
5& 9" 18" 36 '''''''''" '''''''''
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;fhfg;
nghUl;fs; my;yJ cUt ml;il-
fis cjt pahff ; nfhz ;L
vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;g
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
77 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jldhd vz;-
Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;GtJ gw;wp
khztu; mwpe;Jnfhz;Ls;sdu;
vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;-
tjw ;Fg ; g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd
gapw;rpfs; rpytw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
1& 1" 3" 9" 27 ''''''''''''''" '''''''''''''2& 2" 6" 18 ''''''''''''" '''''''''''''''3& 4" 12" 36 ''''''''''''" '''''''''''''''4& 5" 15" 45 ''''''''''''''" '''''''''''''''5& 7" 21 ''''''''''''' 189
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;Fg ;
nghUs;fs; my;yJ cUt ml;ilfs;
cjtpAld ; vz ;Nfhyj ;ijf ;
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
78Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;
gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;
ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.
ngUf;fy; 2ngUf;fy; 2ngUf;fy; 2ngUf;fy; 2ngUf;fy; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
14 14 14 14 14
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ 5 Mk; thuj;jpw;Fupa ghlj;jpy;
gad ; gLj ; j pa ml ; ltiz.
(FOTf;F xd;W)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
gj;Jf;fspy; 100 tiu vz;Zq;fs;.
KO tFg;gpypUe;J Muk;gpj;Jg; gpd;du;
FOthfTk; jdpj;jdpahfTk; Nru;e;J
60 tiu ehd;Ffspy; vz;ZkhW
$Wq;fs;.
thuk; 5 ,y; mtu;fs; jahupj;j vz;
ml;ltiziaf; nfhz;L kPjKs;s
e puy ;fis tiutjw ;F xOq;F
nra;Aq;fs;.
,uz;L juk; MW vt;tsT vd
tpdTq;fs;. mjid ml;ltizapy;
cupa fl;lj;jpy; vOJq;fs;.
gpd;du; %d;W juk; MW> ehd;F juk;
MW vd;wthW tpdhf;fs; tpdtp
tpilfis ml;ltizapy; cupa
fl;lq;fspy; vOjpg; G+u;j;jp nra;Aq;fs;.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1 2 3 4 5 62 2 4 6 8 10 123 3 6 9 12 15 184 4 8 12 16 20 245 5 10 15 20 25 306 6 12 18 24 30 367 7 14 21 28 35 428 8 16 24 32 40 489 9 18 27 36 45 5410 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL ,q;F fl;b-
naOg ; gg ; gl ; Ls ;sJ vd ; gijj ;
njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.
,jw;Nfw;g NkNyAs;s 7> 8> 9> 10
Mfpa epuy;fspy; KiwNa 7> 8> 9> 10
Mfpa ngUf ;fy ; tha ;g ;ghLfs ;
fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.
mLj ;J tUk ; ghlq ;fs py ;
gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> khztu; jkJ
ngUf ;fy ; ml ; ltizfisg ;
ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.
mtw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;g Kd;tUk;
khztu ; fSf ;Fr ; re ; j u ; g ; gk ;
toq;Fq;fs;. ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghl;ilg;
g+u;j;jp nra;Ak;NghJ> kw;iwa khztu;
vz;fisf; $wr; nra;Aq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
,uz;L juk; VO gjpdhd;F
%d;W juk; VO ,Ugj;njhd;W
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu Itu; nfhz;l FOf;f-
shf;fp> xt;nthU ml;ltizia
toq;Fq;fs;. epuy;fis epug;Gtjd;
%yk;> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10 ngUf;fy;
tha;g ;ghLfisf; fl ;bnaOg;g
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ml;ltizapy; cupa ,lq;fspy;
rupahf vz;fs; vOjg;gl;Ls;sdth
vd;gijr; nrt;it ghu;g;gjw;fhf
khztupd; nraw;ghLfisr; Nrhjpj;Jg;
ghUq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
79 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
khztu;fs; fye;Jiuahbf; fl;l
tiyiag; G+u ;j ;jp nra;tjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. mt;thW
epug ;g Kbahj khztUf;Fk;
mjid epug;Gtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq ;Fq ;fs ; . t p Nrl cjt p
Njitahdtu ;fSf ;F cjt p
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL njhlu;ghfg;
gy tpdhf ;fis khztuplk ;
t pdTq ;fs ; . g hlk ; 5 ,y ;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSf;F
t pilfisg ; ngWtjw ; f hf
ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;JtJ
vt;thW vd;gij khztUf;F
epidTgLj;Jq;fs;. ml;ltizapy;
cs;s tha;g;ghLfis cs;slf;ff;-
$bathW tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.
12 Mf;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij khztuplk;
tpdTq;fs;. 6 « 2" 3 « 4" '''''& mjidf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
36> 40> 72 Nghd;w vz;fis Mf;Fk;
gy;NtW topKiwfisg; gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; vOJq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;
nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd xg;gil
ml;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kd;ida ghlj;ijg; Nghd;Nw 2 Kjy;
9 tiuapyhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL
njhlu;ghd tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.
,g;ngUf;fy; gapw;rpfisf; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
E} g x
2 3 « 6
xd;Wfspy; ,Ue;J njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;. ,q;F
MWfs; %d;W vj;jid? (18)
tpilia vq;Nf vOj Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
gj;ij Kddhy; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.
(gj;jpd; epuypy; 2 ,d; Nky; 1 I
vOJq;fs;.)
'MWfs; 2 vj;jid?" vd tpdTq;fs;.
tpil 12 MFk;.
,J gj;Jf;fs; 12 vd;gij tpsf;fpf;
$Wq;fs;.
Kd ;Ndhf ;f pf ; nfhz ;L nrd ;w
gj;Jf;fs; xd;iwg; gj;jpd; epuypy;
ngUf;fj;Jld; (12) $l;l Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;. mg;NghJ
13 gj;Jf;fs; MFk;.
13 gj;Jf;fs; vd;gJ E}Wfspy; 1 ck;
gj;Jf;fs; 3 ck; MFk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
3 I vq;F vOj Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf;
Rl;bf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
e pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJe pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJe pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJe pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJe pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJ
vz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njhvz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njhvz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njhvz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njhvz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njh
6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;
mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
80Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
E}Wfs; 1> E}Wfspd; tpil epuYf;Ff;
nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk;.
E} g x
12 3
« 61 3 8
,f;fzf;iff; fUk;gyifapy; vOjp>
mjidj; j Pu ;g ;gjw ;F cjTkhW
Kd;tUk; xU khztdplk; $Wq;fs;.
E} g x
4 5« 6
MWfs; 5 vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;.
(30) ,J 3 gj;Jf;fSk; xd;Wfs;
0 ck; MFk; vd;gijj; njspT-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
xd;wpd; epuypy; 0 I vOjp gj;Jf;fs;
3 I Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L nry;yg;
Nghtjhf tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gj;jpy; epuypy; 4 ,w;F NkNy 3 I
vOJq;fs;.
,dp MWfs; ehd;F vj;jid vd
tpdTq;fs;. (24) ,e;j 24> gj;Jf;fs;
24 MFk; vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw ; -
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
mj;Jld; Kd; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l
3 gj;Jf;fisf; $l;l Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijAk; khztUf;F epidT
gLj;Jq;fs;.
mg;NghJ $l;Lj;njhif gj;Jf;fs;
27 MFk;. 27 gj;Jf;fs; vd;gJ 2
E}WfSk; 7 gj;Jf;fSk; MFk;.
gj;Jf;fspd;; epuypy; 7 I vOjp E}Wfs;
,uz;il Kd;Ndhf;fpf ; nfhz;L
nry;Yq;fs;.
E}Wfs; vj ;jid cs;sd vd
tpdTq;fs;. E}Wfs; 2 MFk;. (Kd;;
nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;l) E}wpdplj;jpd;
tpilapy; 2 vd vOJq;fs;.
E} g x
2 34 5
« 62 7 0
,g;NghJ ,e;jf; fzf;if vOJq;fs;.
E} g x
6 7 « 8
vl;Lf;fs; 7 vj;jid vdf; $Wtjw;Fg;
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag; gad;;gLj;JkhW
khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;. (56)
mjpy; vj;jid gj;Jf;fs; cs;sd? (5)
mjpy; vj;jid xd;Wfs; cs;sd? (6)
vd;wthW tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.
xd;wpdplj;jpy; 6 I vq;F vOJtJ vd
tpdTq;fs;. (xd;wpd; epuypy; tpilapd;
,lj;jpy;)
5 gj;Jf;fis vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd
tpdTq;fs;. (gj;jpd; epuYf;Ff; nfhz;L
nry;yg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.)
E} x g
56 7
« 86
mLj;J vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd
tpdTq;fs;. (6 I vl;lhy; ngUf;f
Ntz;Lk;.)
tpil vd;d vd;gij tpdTq;fs;. (48)
Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l 5
gj;Jf;fis vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd
tpdTq ;fs ; . (gj ;Jf ;fSld ; $l ;l
Ntz;Lk;.)
,g;NghJ nkhj;jkhf vj;jid gj;Jf;fs;
cs;sd vd tpdTq;fs;. (53)
Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L
nry;yg;gl;l vz; ,q;F
vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
Kd; nfhz;L
nry;yg;gl;l vz;
nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l vz;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
81 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fspd; ngUf;fy;
cs;slq;fpa> Kd;$l;bNa jahupj;j
xg;gilfis khztu; FOf;fSf;F
toq;Fq;fs;.
FOf ;fs pilNa xg ; gilfis
khw;wpf;nfhz;L $ba vz;zpf;ifahd
gapw ;r pfisr; nra;tjw;F topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOf ;fs ; nraw ; gLf pd ; wNghJ >
khztu;fspilNa nrd;W ngUf;fy;
gapw;rpia rupahfr; nra;fpwhu;fsh
vd;gij mtjhdpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.
Njitahd khztu;fSf;F Nkyjpf
cjtpfis toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
g pd ;tUk; tpjkhd gapw ;r pfs ;
rpytw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
1& 2& 3& 4& 5&24 57 83 62 90
« 6 « 8 « 7 « 9 « 7
6& 41 « 6 } '''''''''''''''''
7& 26 « 8 } ''''''''''''''''''
thuk; 5 ,y; gad;gLj;jpathW
nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs; rpytw;iw
toq;Fq;fs;.
53 gj;Jf;fs; vd;gJ 5 E}WfSk; 3
gj;Jf;fSk; MFk; vd;gij khztUf;F
epidT+l;Lq;fs;.
3 gj;Jf;fis vq;F vOJtJ vd
tpdTq;fs;. (gj;jpd; tpil epuypy;)
5 E}Wfis vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?
(Kd;Ndhf;fp E}Wfspd; epuYf;Ff;
nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;)
E }Wfs ; vj ; jid cs ;sd? vd
tpdTq;fs;. (5)
E}Wfspy; tpil epuypy; 5 I vOJq;fs;.
E} g x
5 56 7
« 85 3 6
rupahfg; ngUf;FtJ vt;thW vd
khztu;fs;; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F
,t;thwhd gapw;rpfisg; NghjpasT
toq;Fq;fs;.
Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk;
vz; me ;e puypd ; ngUf ;fj ;Jld;
$l ;lg ;gLk ; vd ;gij tpsq ;f pf ;
nfhs;Sjy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhFk;.
thuk; 5 ,y; cs;sJNghd;W gpurpdk;;
jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
67 « 8 } 536 Nghd;w ngUf;fiyAk;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L
nry;yg;gl;l vz;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
82Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: <upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;
njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FO Ntiyf;fhf 1 Kjy; 9 tiu
,yf;fq;fs; vOjg;gl;l vz;
ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
khztu;fSld; Nru;e;J 60 tiuapy;
6 fspy; vz;Zq;fs;.
Kd;tUk; xt;nthUtiuAk; MWfspy;
vz;Ztjw ;F topg ;gLj ;Jq ;fs ; .
mLj;jjhf KO tFg;Gld; Nru;e;J
k Pz;Lk ; vz;Zq;fs; . ,t;thNw
VOfs;> vl;Lfs;> xd;gJfs; Mfpa
Nfhyq ;fSf ;Fk ; mJNghd ;W
nra;Aq;fs;.
vz; ml;ilj; njhFjpapy; ,Ue;J
%d;W vz; ml;ilfis vLq;fs;.
mtw;Ws; ,U ml;ilfisf; nfhz;L
vz;nzhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
mjidf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
mt ;ntz;iz kw ;w vz ;zhy ;
ngUf;Ftjw;F khztiu topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
mk;%d;W vz; ml;ilfspy; ,Ue;J
Kd;G Nghy kPz;Lk; ,U ml;ilfis
vLj;J vz; xd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;gp
mjid kw;w vz;zhy; ngUf;Fq;fs;.
,t;thW mk;%d;W vz; ml;il-
fisAk; nfhz;L NkYk; ngUf;fy;
fzf;Ffis Mf;f KbAk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vr;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; kpfg; ngupa vz;
tpilahff; fpilj;jJ vd khztuplk;
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU njhFjp vz; ml;ilfs;
tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.
KO tFg ; g p w ;Fk ; mw pKfk ;
nra;jthW %d;W vz; ml;ilfis
vLj;J mtw;wpy; ,U ml;ilfisf;
nfhz ;L vz ;nzhd ;iwf ;
fl ;bnaOg ;g p kw ;w vz;zhy ;
ngUf;Ftjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mk ;%d ;W ml ;ilfis KO
tFg;gpw ;Fk; mwpKfk; vDk;
gFj pa py ; nra ;jthW NkYk ;
ngUf;fy; fzf;Ffis nra;tjw;F
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
ve ;jg ; ngUf;fy; nra;ifapy ;
k pfg ;ngu pa vz; t pilahff ;
fpilj;jJ vd;gijf; fhz;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
NtW %d;W vz; ml;ilfis
vLj;J Nkw;Fwpj;j nraw;ghl;by;
njhlu;e;J <Lglr; nra;Aq;fs;.
Nkyjpf cjtpfs; Njitg;gL
NthUf;F ,yFthd vz;fisf;
nfhz;L Muk;gpg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu ; FO Ntiya py ;
<Lgl;bUf;Fk; NghJ FOf;fSf;Fr;
nrd;W ngUf;fy; gapw;rpfisr;
rupahfr; nra;fpd;wduh vd;gijr;
Nrhjpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
83 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;
njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
1' 4 6 2 vz;fspd; mbg;gilapy; <upyf;f
vz ;iz kw ;iwa vz ;zhy ;
ngUf;Fk;NghJ tpil 104 Mf tUk;
re;ju;g;gj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
1& Mf;fpa vz; } 46 46kw;iwa vz; } 2 « 2
92
tpiltpiltpiltpiltpil 92 92 92 92 92
2& Mf;fpa vz; } 64 64kw;iwa vz; } 2 « 2
128
tpiltpiltpiltpiltpil 128 128 128 128 128
3& Mf;fpa vz; } 24 24kw;iwa vz; } 6 « 6
144
tpiltpiltpiltpiltpil 144 144 144 144 144
4& Mf;fpa vz; } 26 26kw;iwa vz; } 4 « 4
104
tpiltpiltpiltpiltpil 104 104 104 104 104
NkNy tpdtg;gl;l tpdhTf;fhd ngUf;fy;
nra;if
26 « 4 MFk;.
tpiliag;
ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;
,e;j tpjkhfTk;
tpiliag; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s KbAk;
vd;gijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
gpurpdq;fs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ngUf ;fy ; njhlu ;ghd gy ;NtW
gpur pdq;fis khztUf;F Kd;
itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1' xU ngl;bapy; 6 khk;goq;fs;
cs ;sd. mt ;thwhd 4 3
ngl ; bfs py ; cs ;s khk ; -
goq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
g pur pdj ;ij thr pj ;J tpsq ;f pf ;
nfhs;sr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
43« 6258
4 3« 6 1 8
240 258
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
84Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp> 'KO tFg;Gf;Fk;
mwpKfk;" gFjpapy; cs;sthW
ehd ;F g p u r pdq ;fs ; t P jk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
xUtUf;F xU gpurpdk; vd;wthW
gpurpde; jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztDk; gpurpde;
jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij kw;iwa khztu;
mtjhdpg ;gjw ;Fk ; > cjtpfs ;
nra ;tjw ;Fk ; re ; j u ; g ; gk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5 <upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f
vz ;fshy ; ngUf ;Fk ;
gapw;rpapy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
46 46 46« 3 « 4 « 8
85 85 85
« 6 « 9 « 7
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
85 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : %tp%tp%tp%tp%tpyf;fyf;fyf;fyf;fyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhjq;fSf;F Nkw;glhjq;fSf;F Nkw;glhjq;fSf;F Nkw;glhjq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis 6>7> 8 6>7> 8 6>7> 8 6>7> 8 6>7> 8
kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
tFj;jy; 2tFj;jy; 2tFj;jy; 2tFj;jy; 2tFj;jy; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
15 15 15 15 15
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw
6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
2>3>4>5 Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fe;
j pwd ; t pUj ;j pailaf ;$bathW
khztUf;F vspa tpdhf ;fis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vz;fis tFg;gjw;F cjtpahfg;
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag; gad;
gLj;JtJ vt;thW vd khztUf;F
epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
3 2÷4=8 ,d ; ngWkhdj ;ijf ;
fhz;gjw;F 32 tiu 4 ,d; epiuapy;
tpuiyf; nfhz;Lnrd;W 32 ,w;F
Neu ;NkNy KjyhtJ e piua py ;
(e pow ;wg ;gl ;l e piuapy ; ) cs;s
vz;izg; ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
epidTgLj;Jq;fs; . mg ;NghJ 8
ngwg;gLk;.
mjhtJ 32÷4=8 MFk;.
x 11111 22222 33333 44444 55555 66666 77777 88888 99999 1 01 01 01 01 011111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1022222 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2033333 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3044444 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 4055555 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5066666 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 6077777 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 7088888 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 8099999 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 901 01 01 01 01 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf:
,JNghyNt 63÷9 ,d; ngWkhd-
j;ijf; fhz;gjw;F 63 tiu 9 ,d;
epiuapy; tpuiyf; nfhz;L nrd;W 63
,w;F Neu;NkNy KjyhtJ epiuapy;
cs ;s vz ;izg ; gh u ; g ; gjw ;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. tpil - 7
mjhtJ 63 ÷ 9 } 7
48÷6 ,d; ngWkhdk; ahJ?
48 tiuapy; 6 ,d; epiuapy; tpuiyf;
nfhz;Lnrd;W> mq;fpUe;J Neu;NkNy
KjyhtJ epiuapy; cs;s vz; ahJ
vdf; fhZkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mJ
8 MFk;.
48÷6=8
ml;ltiziar; rupahfg; gad;gLj;J-
tjw;F KbAk; vd khztu; ek;gpf;if
nfhs;Sk; tiuapy; ,jidg; gy
jlitfs; nra;Aq;fs;.
mLj;J rupahf tFglhj vz; xd;iw
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
37÷6 vt;tsT? 6 ,d; epiu topNa
nry;Yk;NghJ 36 ck; 42 ck;
ngwg;gLk;. 42 ngupaJ. 36 ,y; 6
MWfs; cs;sd. vdNt 37 ,y; 6
MWfSk; 1 kPjpAk; MFk;.
mjhtJ 37÷6=6 ck; kPjp 1 ck;
MFk;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
86Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tFj;jy; gpurpdk; jPu;f;Fk; Kiwia
gbKiw gbKiwahf tpsq;fg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;. Njitahapd;> Bd;];
fl;ilfs;> vz;rl;lk; vd;gtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
gpd;tUk; xg;gilapy; xt;nthU
ga pw ; r p f ;Fk ; nghUj ; jkhd
tpiliaj; njupTnra;Aq;fs;.
xg;gil
6 583 6 834 97 kPjp 1
23
9 207 9 958 139 106 kPjp 4
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU khztDk;
xt;nthU gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;g;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mt;Ntisapy;
kw;iwa khztiu mk; khz-
tDf ;F / khztpf ;F cjtp
nra;tjw;Fk; topfhl;Lq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
6 MYk; 9 MYk; tFf ;Fk ;
gapw;rpfs; rpytw;iw khztUf;F
toq;fp mtw;iwj; j Pu ;g ;gjw;F
topfhl;Lq;fs;.
Fiwe;j milTkl;lj;ijf; fhl;Lk;
khztUf;Fg; ngUf;fy; ml;l-
tiziag; gad;gLj;jpg; gapw;rp-
fisr; nra;aTk;> mtrpakhapd;
vz ;z pfisg ; gad ; gLj ; j p f ;
nfhs;sTk; cq;fs; ftdj;ij
nrYj;Jq;fs;.
48 ,y; vj;jid xd;gJfs; cs;sd?
45 ,y; 5 xd;gJfs; cs;sd. vdNt
tpil 5 ck; kPjp 3 ck; MFk;.
48 ÷ 9 } 5 kPjp 3
,jidf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
516 ÷ 6
,t;tFj;jy; gapw;rpf;Fg; ngUf;fy;
ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;j KbahJ.
5 vd;gJ E}Wfs; 5 MFk;. 5 E}Wfis
rkkhd 6 Ftpayhf tFf;f KbahJ.
500 vd;gJ 50 gj;Jf;fshFk;. 51
gj;Jf;fis 6 rkdhd Ftpay;fshf
tFg;gjw;F> ,g;NghJ Njitahapd;
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag; gad;-
gLj;jyhk;. ,jid khztUf;F
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
86 6 516 48
36 36 0
516÷6 my;yJ 6 516
NkYk; mt;thwhd 6 My; tFf;Fk;
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;gjw;F khztUf;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 6 336 6 804
6 454
9 My; tFf;Fk; g pur pdq;fis
Kd;itj;J mtw;iw khztuJ
cjt pAld ; j P u ; g ; gjw ;F to pg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
929 834 81 24 18
6
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
87 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;
9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhf
6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFj;jy;
njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; njupT-
nra ;J nfhs ;tjw ;F> tFj ;jy ; >
Kjyhk ; thuk ; > ghlk ; 3 ,y ;
cs;sthW> ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
vjpu;ghu;j;j kl;lj;ij milaKbahj
khztiu ,dq;fz;L> mtu;fSf;fhf
Bd;]; fl ;ilfs; / vz; rl ;lk ;
vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp jPu;g;gjw;fhf
,yFthd gapw;rpfisj; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7
,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Xu; vz;iz tFg;gjw;F cjtpahfg;
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag; gad;-
gLj;Jk; tpjk; gw;wp khztUf;F
epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
14÷7 ,d; ngWkhdk; ahJ?
14 tiuapy; 7 ,d; epiuapy; tpuiyf;
nfhz;L nrd;W mq;fpUe;J 14
,w;F NkNy KjyhtJ epiuapy
cs;s vz;izf; fhz;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. (2)
14 ÷ 7 } 2
x 11111 22222 33333 44444 55555 66666 77777 88888 99999 1 01 01 01 01 011111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1022222 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2033333 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3044444 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 4055555 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5066666 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 6077777 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 7088888 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 8099999 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 901 01 01 01 01 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
72 ÷ 8 ,d; ngWkhdk; ahJ?
72 tiuapy; epiu 8 ,y; tpuiyf;
nfhz;L nrd;W mq;fpUe;J Neu; NkNy
KjyhtJ epiuf;Fr; nry;tjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. ^9&
vdNt 72 ÷ 8 } 9 MFk;.
ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziar; rupahfg;
gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk;
tiua py ; gy ;NtW ga pw ; r pfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
88Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
rupahf tFf;f Kbahj vz;nzhd;iw
Kd;itAq;fs;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> 39÷7epiu 7 ,d; topNa nry;Yk;NghJ 35
ck; 42 ck; fhzg;gLk;. Mdhy; 35
,y; 5 VOfs; cs;sd. vdNt tpil
5 ck; 4 kPjpAk; MFk;.
vdNt tpil 5 kPjp 4
39 ÷ 7 } 5 kPjp 4
fPo;fhZk; tpjkhd fzf;nfhd;iwf;
fUk;gyifapNy vOJq;fs;.
7 497
,f;fzf;ifr; nra;Ak; tpjj;ijg;
gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Fq;fs;. ghlk; 1 ,y;
9 516 vDk; fzf;if tpsf;fpaJ
Nghd;W gpd;tUk; tFj;jy; fzf;ifAk;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
71 7 497
49 07
7 0
497 ÷ 7 } 71
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd fzf;Ffisr;
nra;Ak; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
8 43554
8 43540 35 32 3
jPu ;g ;Nghk;jPu ;g ;Nghk;jPu ;g ;Nghk;jPu ;g ;Nghk;jPu ;g ;Nghk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
(1)ngl;bnahd;wpy; 8 ge;Jfs; tPjk;
872 ge;Jfis itg;gjw;F vj;jid
ngl;bfs; Njit?
109 8 872
807 0 72 72
0Njitahd ngl;bfspd;
vz;zpf;if } 109
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
f Po ;tUk; tFj;jy; fzf;Ffis
mg;gbKiwfspd; topNa gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfq;fspy; nra;tjw;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
1& 7 747 2& 8 169 3& 7 638
4& 8 830 5& 7 516 6& 8 978
mJNghd;W gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpyhd
Nfhyq;fisAk; ,dq;fhz;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
5 50 5007 35 7 350 7 3500
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
89 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Nkw;$wg;gl;l Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;F Vw;w
rthy ;fSldhd g p ur pdq ;fis
tFg ;g py ; Kd ;itAq ;fs ; . ,g ; -
gpurpdq;fis Kd;itf;Fk;NghJ>
vspikahd njhFjpfs; nfhz;l
tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 1 :
nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT-
nra;Aq;fs;.
1& 6 450
1& 30 2& 71 3& 75
2& 6 606
1& 101 2& 11 3& 120
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 2 :
1& 807 Gj;jfq;fis xUtUf;F
9 tPjk; gpupj;Jf; nfhLg;gjw;F
Vw;w kpff;$Ljyhd khztu;
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9%tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9%tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9%tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9%tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9
Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
2& 1 8 9 mu p r p %ilfs ; 9
kj ; j pa e piyaq ;fSf ;F
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
xU epiyaj;Jf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;
muprp %ilfspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 3 :
28 tpilahfg; ngwg;gLk; gpurpdj;ijj;
njupTnra;Aq;fs;.
1& 6 252
2& 9 252
3& 6 254
Nkw;$wg;gl;l tpjkhfg; gpurpdq;fis
tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J> mtw;iwj;
jPu;g;gjw;F khztu;fsJ cjtpiag;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf ; FOf ;fshf ; f p >
Nkw;$wg;gl;lit Nghd;w gpurpdq;-
fs ; mlq ;f pa ml ;ilfisf ;
nfhLj;J mtw;iwj; jPu;g;gjw;F
topfhl;Lq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
90Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.
fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.
fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.
juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
16 16 16 16 16
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ml;ltiz ³ epuy; tiuG
³ jlitfs; ³ fpil mr;R
³ epiyf;Fj;J mr;R
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ml;ltiz> tiuG tiut-
jw;fhd fljhrp
³ FOTf ;F xd ;W t Pjk ;
jhaf ;fl ;ilfs ; (1 - 6 tiu
Fwpf;fg;gl;lit)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
tFg ; G khztUila FLk ; g
mq;fj;jtu; gw;wp ciuahLq;fs;.
rNfhju> rNfhjupfs; cs;stu;fs;>
my;yhjtu;fs; njhlu;ghf tprhupj;J
gpd;tUk; tpjkhf ml;ltizapy;
Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
FLk;g tpguk; jlitfs; khztu;
rNfhju rNfhjupfs; njhif
rNfhjuu;fs; kl;Lk;
cs;s khztu;fs; $$$$$ $$$ 8rNfhjupfs; kl;Lk;
cs;s khztu;fs; $$$$$ $$ 7rNfhjuu;fSk;
rNfhjupfSk; cs;s
khztu;fs; $$$$$ $$ 7rNfhju rNfhjupfs;
,y;yhj khztu;fs; $$$ 3
tFg;gpy; khztu; njhif Fiwthf
,Ug;gpd; (20 ,w;F Fiwthf) me;j
khztu;fsJ jfty;fisr; Nrfupg;
gjw;F Vw;w NtW tpjkhd ml;ltiz
nahd;iw Kd;itAq;fs;.
epuy; tiunghd;wpy; mj;jfty;fis
tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; Nghtjhff ;$w p >
khztUld; fye;JiuahbathW
ngupa mstpyhd fljhrpapy; my;yJ
fUk;gyifapy; epuy; tiuG xd;iwf;
fl ;bnaOg ;Gq ;fs ; . ,j py ; f pil
mr;r pYk; epiyf;Fj;J mr;r pYk;
fhl;lg;gLtJ ahnjd khztuplk;
tpdTq;fs;.
tiuG njhlu ; g hf ,yFthd
tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1' rNfhjuu;fs; kl;Lk; cs;s
khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
2' rNfhju rNfhjupfs; ,y;yhj
khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
3' rNfhjuu;fs; cs;s khztu;fspd;
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
4' rNfhjupfs; cs;s khztu;fspd;
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
khztu; vz;z
pf;if
FLk;g
tpguk;
rNfhjuu;fs;
kl;Lk; cs;s
rNfhjupfs;
kl;Lk; cs;s
rNfhjuu;fSk;
rNfhjupfSk;
cs;s
rNfhju
rNfhjupfs;
,y;yhj
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
91 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;
tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ tiuG tiutjw;fhfg; ngupa
mstpyhd fljhrpfs; (FOTf;F
xd;W tPjk;)
³ tiuG tiutjw;fhf nghUj;j-
khd jfty ;fs ; mlq ;f pa
ml;ltiz (mwpKfk; kw;Wk;
FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
tFg;g py ; cs;s khztu;fsplk ;
mtu;fs; tpUk;Gk; nry;yg; gpuhzpfs;
njhlu;ghf tpdhTq;fs;.
khztu ; FOnthd;W mjpfkhf
tpUk;Gk; nry;yg; gpuhzpfs; gw;wpr;
Nrfupf;fg;gl;l jfty;fs; mlq;fpa
ml ;ltiznahd ;W cq ;fs plk ;
,Ug;gjhff; $wp> gpd;tUk; tpjkhd
ml;ltiznahd;iw Kd;itAq;fs;.
nry;yg;gpuhzp khztu;
vz;zpf;if
eha; 18G+id 17mzpy; 15fpsp 12ikdh 14
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg ; G khztiuf ; FOf ;f -
shf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; jhaf;fl;il>
ml ; ltiz kw ;Wk ; tiuG
tiutjw;fhd fljhrp vd;gtw;iw
toq;Fq;fs;.
Kjy py ; g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd
ml;ltiznahd;iw tiuAkhW
$Wq;fs;.
ngWkhdk <l;Lf;fspd; jlitfspd;
jlitfs; nkhj;j
vz;zpf;if vz;zpf;if
1
2
3
4
56
FOtpYs;s xt;nthU khztDk;
khw;wp khw;wpj; jhaf;fl;ilia
FYf;f pg ; Nghl ;L> ngwg ;gl ;l
<l;Lf;fspd; jlitfisf; Fwpg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thW 30 jlit tiuapy;
j haf ; fl ;ilia cUl ;lTk ; >
ngwg;gl;l <l;Lf;fspd; jlitfisf;
Fwpj ;Jf; nfhs;sTk; khztu;
FOf;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthU ngWkhdq;fSf;Fk;
cupa NfhLfis vz;zp> nkhj;j
vz;zpf;if epuypy; vOJkhW
$Wq;fs;.
ml ; ltiziaj ; jahu pj ;Jf ;
nfhz ;l g pd ; G > FOt pYs ;s
midtUk; ,ize;J ml;ltiz-
apYs;s jfty;fis epuy; tiu
nghd ;w py ; tiff ;Fw pg ; gjw ;F
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
epuy; tiugpy; fhl;lg;gl;l juTfs;
njhlu ;ghf> ,ad;w tiuapy ;
thf;fpaq;fs; vOJtjw;F topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xt ;nthU FOTk ; jahu pj ; j
tiuGfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;g
jw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
92Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,j;juTfis khztUld; Nru;e;J
epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. (xU fl;lk; ,U
khztu ; fis tiff ;Fw pf ;Fk ; ;
tpjkhf.)
khztu; mjpfk; tpUk;Gk;
nry;yg; gpuhzpfs;
18
16141210 8 6 4
2
eha; G+id mzpy; fpsp ikdh
juTfis tiugpy; tiff;Fwpf;Fk;
NghJ xU fl;lj;jpy; ,U vz;zpf;if
tiff;Fwpf;fg;gLtij ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
17 IAk; 15 IAk; tiugpw; Fwpf;Fk;
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
xU fl ;lk ; 2 vz;zpf ;ifiaf;
Fwpg ;gjhy;> xU vz;zpf;ifia
fhl;Ltjw;F fl;;lj;jpd; miug;gFjpapy;
Fw pf ; f Ntz ;Lk ; vd ; gijj ;
njspTgLj;jp 17> 15 Mfpa vz;fs;
tiugpy; tiff;Fwpf;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
tiugpy; tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfs;
njhlu ;ghf tpdhf ;fis tpdtp>
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1. khztu;fspy; mjpfkhdtu;fs;
tpUk;Gk; nry;yg; gpuhzp vJ?
2. G+idiatpl ehia tpUk;GNthu;
vj;jid Ngu;?
3. kpUfq;fis tpUk;Gfpd;w khztu;
njhif ahJ?
4. gwitfis tpUk;Gfpd;w khztu;
njhif ahJ?
5. jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;t-
jw;fhf ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l
khztu; njhif ahJ?
6. gwitfistpl kpUfq ;fis
tpUk;Gk; khztu;fspd; KOj;
njhif ahJ?
7. kpUfq;fis tpUk;Gk; khztu;
vz;zpf ;iff ;F rkdhtjw ;F
gwitfis tpUk;Gk; khztu;
vj;jid Ngu; ,d;Dk; Njit?
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;G khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp>
xt ; nthU FOTf ;Fk ; tiu
nghd;iw tiutjw;Fg; ngupa
mst pyhd fljhr pnahd ;iw
toq;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; cs;s
jfty;fisf; fl;lnkhd;W ,uz;L
vz;zpf;ifia tiff;Fwpf;FkhW
fhl;Ltjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mjpfk; tpUk;Gk; goq;fs;
goq;fs; khztu; vz;zpf;if
kh 13nfha;ah 8Njhil 9thio 10gyh 16
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l epuy; tiugpy;
cs;s juTfis cs;slf;fpa
thf;fpaq;fs; rpytw;iw vOJ-
tjw;F khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; FO fl;bnaOg;gpa epuy;
tiuG kw;Wk; vOjpa juTfis
tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjw;F xOq;F
nra;Aq;fs;.
tiuigAk ; jfty ;fisAk ;
khztu; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy;
gpujpnra;J nfhs;tjw;F topg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
nry;yg;
gpuhzp
khztu; vz;z
pf;if
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
93 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;
tiftiftiftiftiff;f;f;f;f;Fwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jFwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jFwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jFwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jFwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTuTuTuTuTfisfisfisfisfis
thrpg;ghu;.thrpg;ghu;.thrpg;ghu;.thrpg;ghu;.thrpg;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ KO tFg ;Gf ;Fk ; mw pKfk ;
nra;tjw;Fk;> FOr; nraw;ghl;L-
f;fhfTk; $ba vz;zpf;ifAs;s
juTfs; cs;slq;fpa ml;ltiz
(epuy; tiugpd; xU fl;lk; 5
vz;zpf;ifiaf; tiff;Fwpf;Fk;
juTfs; mlq;fpaJ.)
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: xU thu fhyj;jpy;
tFg;G khztuJ tuT.
ehs; r%fkspj;j
khztu; njhif
jpq;fs; 25nrt;tha; 30Gjd; 30tpahod; 25nts;sp 20
³ gj;jpupiff; filnahd;wpy; xU
thuj;Jf;Fs; tpw;gid nra;ag;-
gl ;l rpWtu; gj;jpu piffspd;
vz;zpf;if.
ehs; tpw;fg;gl;l gj;jpupif
vz;zpf;if
jpq;fs; 40 nrt;tha; 30 Gjd; 35 tpahod; 25 nts;sp 40
³ tiuG tiutjw;fhd jhs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
tsq;fspy; Fwpg ;gpl ;lthW mjpf
vz;zpf;ifahd jfty;fs; cs;s
lq ;f pa ml ;ltiziaf ; fUk ;
gyifapy; my;yJ ngupa mstpyhd
jhs; xd;wpy; vOjp khztUf;F Kd;
itAq;fs;.
mjpYs;s jfty;fs; njhlu ;ghf
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
xU fl;lj;jpy; Ie;J vz;zpf;ifiaf;
Fwpf;Fk; tpjkhf epuy; tiuig
mikf;Fk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
tiug py ; Fw pf ;fg ;gl ;l juTfs ;
njhlu ;ghf tpdhf ;fis tpdtp >
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W>
jfty;fs; mlq;fpa ml;ltiz
kw;Wk; tiuig tiutjw;fhf
ngupastpyhd jhs; xt;nthd;iw
FOf;fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
ml;ltizapy; cs;s jfty;fis
cs;slf;f p xU fl;lk ; Ie;J
vz;zpf;ifia tiff;Fwpf;Fk;
t pjkhf e puy ; tiunghd ;iw
tiutjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l epuy; tiugpy;
cs;s juTfis cs;slf;fpr; rpy
thf ; f paq ; fis vOJtjw ;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; FO fl;bnaOg;gpa epuy;
tiuGfisAk; vOjpa jfty;-
fisAk; tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjw;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
94Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
xU tpahghupaplkpUe ;j goq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
NkNy tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;lthW epuy;
tiuGfis xt;nthd;whf khztUf;F
Kd ;itj ;J mj py ; jfty ;fs ;
tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpjk; gw;wp
fye ;JiuahLq ;fs ; . khztu ;
cjtpAld; mtw;iw thrpAq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;lthW tiuGfs;
rpytw;iwj; jahupj;Jf; nfhz;L>
FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf khztUf;F
toq;Fq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ epuy; tiuG ³ fpil mr;R
³ epiyf;Fj;J mr;R
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gy;NtW
juTfs; Fwpf ;fg ;gl ;l e puy ;
tiuGfs; rpy.
xU kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;Fs; efUf;Fs;Ns
Eioe;j thfdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
12 10 8 6 4 2
thfdq;fs;
khztu; FOnthd;W ghlrhiyf;F
tUifjUk; tpjk;
24 21 18 15 12
96
3
ghlrhiyf;F tUifjUk; tpjk;
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:e p uy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfise puy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfise puy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfise puy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfise puy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfis
thrpg ;ghu ; .thrpg ;ghu ; .thrpg ;ghu ; .thrpg ;ghu ; .thrpg ;ghu ; .
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
ele;J
NgUe;J; tz;bapy;
Ntdpy;
Giftz;bapy;
vz
;zpf;if
irf;fps;
NgUe;J
tz
;b
Nkhll;u;
irf;fps;
Kr;rfu
tz;b
fhu;
vz
;zpf;if
Kr;rf;fu
tz;bapy;
thfdk;
md;dhrp
khk;gok;
gg;ghrp
thio
nfha;ah
vz
;zpf;if
goq;fs;
504540353025201510 5
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
95 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
jkJ FO ngw;Wf;nfhz;l tiugpy;
tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l rpy juTfs;
njhlu;ghf thf;fpaq;fis vOJ
khW $Wq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTk;; %d;W ntt;NtW
tiuGfisNaDk; thrpg;gjw;F
Vw;wthW FOf;fspilNa mtw;iw
khw;wpf; nfhz;L nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLtjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
FOr; nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ xt;nthU
FOTf;Fk; ,ilf;fpilNa nrd;W
khztu;fs; tiuigr; rupahf
thr pf ; f pd ; w h u ; fsh vd ; gij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
mtrpakhd khztUf;F cjtp
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
96Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:gad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;sgad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;sgad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;sgad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;sgad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;s
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ &gha; ³ rjk;
³ jhs; ³ ehzak;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ cz;ikahd ehzaq;fSk;
jhs;fhRfSk;
³ Gj ; js p g ; G ehzaq ;fSk ;
jhs;fhRfSk;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ehzaq;fis Nkirapy;itj;J>
tFg;g py ; cs;s khztiu xU
jlitf;F xUtu; tPjk; mioj;J>
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;>
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
• 25 rj ehzaj;ij vLj;J tFg;Gf;Ff;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
• 50 rj ehzaj;ij vLj;J tFg;gpw;Ff;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
• $ba ngWkhdKs;s ehzaj;ijf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
• xU ehzaj ;ij vLj ;J mjd;
ngWkhdk; vt;tsT vdf; $Wq;fs;.
• ,JNghd;W ghtidapYs;s midj;J
ehzaq;fs; gw;wpAk; tpdTq;fs;.
ehzaq;fspd; tpj;jpahrk; gw;wpf;
fye;JiuahLk;NghJ mtw;wpd; epwk;>
msT> epiw> jahu pj ;j tUlk;
vd;gtw;Wf;fika mit NtWgLk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;
nra;thu ; .nra;thu ; .nra;thu ; .nra;thu ; .nra;thu ; .
gzk; 1gzk; 1gzk; 1gzk; 1gzk; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
17 17 17 17 17
ghtida pYs ;s jhs ;fhRfis
,dq;fhZjy; gw;wp tpsf;Fq;fs;.
(vLj;Jf;fhl;L:- ghJfhg;Gf; NfhLfs;>
e Pu ; milahsk; Nghd;w tpNrl
FwpaPLfs;)
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igg; nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy;
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOtplKk; xU njhif
ehzaq;fs; cs;sdth vd;gijg;
ghUq;fs; . r py jhs;fhRfis
midtUk; ghu ;f ;ff ;$bathW
itAq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fisf; fUk;-
gyifapy; my;yJ ngupa fl
jhr pa py ; vOJq;fs ; . my;yJ
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; tpdhf;fspd;
gpujpfs; xt;nthd;W toq;Fq;fs;.
1. &gha; 1000 jhs;fhrpd; epwk;
vd;d?
2. njspthfj; njupfpd;w xsp CLGF
jd;ik cs;s jhs;fhR ahJ?
3. gr;ir epwj; jhs;fhRfspy; kpfTk;
ngWkjp Fiwe;j jhs;fhR ahJ?
4. xd;Wf;nfhd;W tpj;jpahrkhd ,U
epwq;fshy; Md cNyhfq;fshy;
Mf;fg;gl;l ehzak; ahJ?
5. &gha ; 500 jhs ;fhr py ; ,U
kdpjuJ cUtq;fs; cs;sd.
mtu ;fs ; thr pf ;Fk ; rq ;f Pj
thj;jpaq;fs; ahit?
6. &gha; 500 jhs;fhrpd;; gpd;Gwj;jpy;
,Ug ; gJ ve ;jg ; gwita pd ;
cUtkhFk;?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
97 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
7. &gha; 10 jhs;fhrpd;; Kd;Gwj;jpy;
ve ;jg ; g p uhzpa pd ; cUtk ;
cs;sJ?
8. &gha ; 1 0 0 0 jhs ;f hr pd ;
Kd;Gwj;jpy; ve;jg; gpuhzpapd;
cUtk; cs;sJ?
9. &gha ; 2 0 0 0 jhs ;f hr pd ;
Kd;Gwj;jpy; cyf mjpraq;fspy;
xd;whff; fUjg;gLk; ,lj;jpd;
cUtk; cs;sJ. me;j ,lk;
ahJ?
10. &gha; 10 I tplf; $ba Mdhy;
&gha; 50 I tplf; Fiwe;j
ngWkj pAs ;s jhs ;f hr pd ;
gpd;Gwj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; kdpj
cUtq;fs; nra;tJ vd;d?
11. &gha; 100 jhs;fhrpd; gpd;Gwj;jpy;
fhzg;gLk; ngz; cUtk; nra;tJ
vd;d?
12. ve ; jnthU jhs ;f hirAk ;
ntspr;rj;ij Nehf;fpg; gpbf;Fk;
NghJ ntspg;gLk; FwpaPL ahJ?
13. &gha; 10 jhs;fhrpypUe;J 2000
&gh jhs;fhR tiu cs;s
jhs ;fhRfs pd ; nkhj ; jg ;
ngWkhdk; vd;d?
14. tpUk;g pa jhs;fhR xd;iwj;
nju pTnra ;J mJ gw ; w pa
tpguq;fis vOJq;fs;.
15. vy;yh jhs;fhRfSf;Fk;; cs;s
nghJthd gz;G vd;d?
FOr; nraw;ghL epiwTngw;w
gpd;du; khztUld; tpilfs; gw;wpf;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jq;fspy; gpd;tUk;
gpurpdq;fis vOjpf; nfhs;sTk;.
tpilfisf; $wTk; topg;gLj;-
Jq;fs;.
1. 50 rjk;> xU &gha;> &gha; 2>
&gha; 10 Mfpa ehzaq;fspd;
,UGwq;fisAk; jdpj;jdpahf
xd;Wf;nfhd;W mUNf mr;Rg;-
gjpAq;fs;.
2. tpil vOJq;fs;.
i. nts;sp epwky;yhj tl;l
tbtkhd ehzankhd;wpd;
ngaiuf; $Wq;fs;.
ii. njspthd gpsh];jpf; gFjp
xd;Ws;s jhs;fhR ahJ?
iii. &gha; 100 jhs;fhrpd; epwk;ahJ?
iv. ngWkjp $ba jhs;fhR
ahJ?
v. &gha; 10 ,Yk; $ba>
&gha; 500 ,Yk; Fiwe;j
jhs;fhRfspy; xt;nthd;W
tPjk; vLj;jhy; mtw;wpd;
nkhj ; jg ; ngWkhdk ;
vt;tsT?
vi. typjhd jhs;fhir ,dq;
fhz;gjw;F gpujhdkhff;
ftdpf;f Ntz;ba gz;Gfs;
%d;iw vOJq;fs;.
vii.&gha; 10 jhs;fhRf;Fk;
&gha; 100 jhs;fhRf;Fk;
,ilNa cs;s jhs; fhR
fspy; ngWkjp Fiwthd
jhs;fhR vJ?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
98Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;
vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gy;NtW nghUs;fspd; tpiy Fwpf;fg;gl;l tpiyg;gl;bay;
³ A4 mstpyhd fljhrp
tpiyg;gl;bay;
ngd;rpy; ngd;rpy; Ngid tiujy; Gj;jfk; ePu;tu;zg;ngl;b
&gha; 5 rjk; 50 &gha;11 rjk; 25 &gha; 14 rjk; 50 &gha; 26 rjk; 50 &gha; 40 rjk; 75
ge;J Js;sy; fapW nghk;ik fpupf;fw; kl;il ijg;Gj;jfk;
&gha; 19 rjk; 25 &gha; 60 &gha; 75 &gha; 215 &gha; 30
rl;il Nkw;rl;il rl;il fhw;rl;il fhyzp
&gha; 150 &gha; 175 &gha; 110 &gha; 190 &gha; 595 rjk; 90
ghlrhiy ig glj;jhs; njhg;gp Neu;tpspk;G ngd;rpy; ngl;b
&gha; 375 &gha; 3 rjk; 25 &gha; 75 &gha; 12 rjk; 50 &gha; 69 rjk; 75
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
jhs;fhRfspdJk; ehzaq;fspdJk;
rpwpa msthd $l;ly; gapw;rpfSf;Fj;
Njitahd r py t pdhf ; fis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
10 rjj;jpdJk; 5 rjj;jpdJk;
$l;Lj;njhif ahJ? (15 rjk;)
25 rjj;jpdJk; 50 rjj;jpdJk;
$l;Lj;njhif ahJ? (75 rjk;)
10 rjj;jpdJk; 25 rjj;jpdJk;
50 rjj;jpdJk; $l;Lj;njhif
ahJ? (85 rjk;)
25 rjj;jpdJk; 50 rj ehzak;
,uz;bdJk; $l;Lj;njhif ahJ?
(1 &gha; 25 rjk;)
75 rjj;jpdJk; 75 rjj;jpdJk;
$l;Lj;njhif ahJ?
(&gha; 1 rjk; 50)
&gha; 2 ,dJk; &gha; 5 ,dJk;
$l;Lj;njhif ahJ? (&gha; 7)
&gha; 2 ,dJk; 1 &gha; 50 rjk;
,dJk; $l;Lj;njhif ahJ?
(&gha; 3 rjk; 50)
tpUk;gpa jhs;fhR xd;wpy; fhzg;gLk;
cUtj ;ijg ; ngau ; Fwpg ;gjw ;F
khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
khztUf ;F tpiyg ;gl ;baiyf ;
fhl;Lq;fs;. (khztUf;Fg; gof;fkhd
tpiyAs;s mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s
nghUs;fisf; Fwpf ;Fk; tpiyg;
gl ;bay ; xd ;iw cq;fSf ;nfd
jahupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.)
tpUg;Gld; Kd;tUk; khztd; xUtiu
mioj;Jg; nghUnshd;wpd; ngaiuf;
$WkhW $Wq;fs;. mjd; tpiyia
kw;iwa khztu;fs; thrpg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thW gy jlitfs; nghUs;fis
khw;wp khw;wpf; $wpa gpd;du;> gpd;tUk;
t pjkhd ghj ;j puNkw ;W ebj ;jy ;
%ykhf > ,U nghUs ;fs pd ;
t piyiaf ; $l ;Ltjw ;F to pg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
99 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fUk;gyifapy; cs;s tpiyg;
gl;baiyg; gad;gLj;jp khzt-
nuhUtu; jhd; tpUk;Gk; nghUs;
xd ;w pd ; t piyiaj ; jhs py ;
vOJthu;.
,d;ndhU khztu; jhd; tpUk;Gk;
nghUnshd;wpd; tpiyia Kd;du;
vOjpa tpiyapd; fPo; vOJthu;.
gpd;du; FOtpYs;Nshu; xd;WNru;e;J
mjidf; $l;Ltu;. rup gpio
ghu;g;gu;.
,t;thW xt;nthU FOtpYk;
cs ;s rfyUk ; t piyia
vOJtjw;Fk; $l;Lj;njhifiaf;
fhz;gjw;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;F-
khW ,jidg; gyjlit nra;a
Ntz;Lk; vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
$ba vz;zpf;ifahd fzf;F-
fisr; nra;Ak; FO ntw;wp ngWk;
vdf; $Wq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xt ;nthU khztUk ; jhd ;
tpUk;gpathW tpiyg; gl;baypy;
,Ue ;J ,U nghUs ;fs pd ;
tpiyfis vOjpf; $l;Ltjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthUtUk; 5 fzf;Ffis
NaDk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
khztu ; Ntiyapy ; <Lgl ;b
Uf;Fk;NghJ mtu;fspilNa nrd;W
gzj;njhiffs; nfhz;l fzf;F
fisr; rupahfr; nra;fpd;wduh vdg;
ghUq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky;yf; fw;NghUf;fhf &gha;fspy;
kl;Lk; tpiy Fwpf;fg;gl;L cs;s
nghUs ;fisj ; nju pTnra ;J
toq;Fq;fs;.
Ntfkhff; fw;NghUf;Fg; gpd;tUk;
t pjkhd g p u r pdnkhd ;iw
Kd;itAq;fs;.
xU khztd; - Kjyhsp
,d;ndhU khztd; - nghUs; thq;Fgtu;
nghUs; thq;Fgtu; :
Kjyhsp> ngd;rpy; ciwnahd;wpd; tpiy
vd;d?
Kjyhsp :
11 &gha;> 25 rjk; jk;gp.
(fUk;gyifapy; tpiyia vOJthu;.
& r
11 25
nghUs; thq;Fgtu; :
Kjyhsp vdf;F xU rpj;jpug; Gj;jfk;
Ntz;Lk;.
Kjyhsp :
&gha; 26 rjk; 50 MFk;.
(Kjypy; vOjpa tpiyapd; fPo; vOJthu;.)
& r
11 25
26 50
nkhj;jk;
nghUs; thq;Fgtu;: Kjyhsp ,uz;bw;Fk;
vt;tsT juNtz;Lk;?
Kjyhsp : ehk; $l;bg; ghu;g;NghNk..
(,UtUk; $l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhz;gu;.
Mr p u paUk ; khztu ;fSk ; ,j py ;
fye;Jnfhs;tu;.)
,q ;F t piyfisr ; ru pahf
vOJtjw ;F khztiu to pg ; g
Lj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thwhfg; nghUs; thq;FgtiuAk;
KjyhspiaAk; nghUs;fisAk;
khw;wp> tpiyfspd; $l;Lj;njhifiaf;
fhZk ; ga pw ; r pa py ; khztiu
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu mWtu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
mwpf ;ifg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jhs;
xt;nthd;W tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
100Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
cq;fsplk; &gha; 100 kl;Lk;
cz;nldf; fUJq;fs;. mijf;
nfhz;L cq;fs ; ez;gUf ;F
xd;Wf;nfhd;W tpj;jpahrkhd $ba
vz ;z pf ;ifahd gu p Rfis
thq;Ftjw;fhfj; jug ;gl ;Ls;s
tpiyg;gl;baypy; ,Ue;J>
1. ePq;fs; njupTnra;af;$bait
ahit?
2. g u p RfSf ;fhf nrYj ;jg ; gl
Ntz;ba nkhj;j gzj;njhif
vt;tsT?
3. cq;fsplk; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; gzk;
vt;tsT?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
101 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: gzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpagzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpagzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpagzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpagzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpa
vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ Kd;ida ghlj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa
tpiyg;gl;bay; (,y;iynadpy;
nghUj;jkhd tpiyg;gl;bay;
xd;iwj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;S-
q;fs;.)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
khztUf ;F kdf ; fz pjr ;
rthy;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
- gpd;tUk; nghUs;fspd; tpiyfSf;-
f pilNa cs;s t pj ;j pahrk ;
vt;tsT?
- Ngdh xd;W &gha; 15>
- ngd;rpnyhd;W &gha; 6 (&gha; 9)
- ePu; tu;zk; &gha; 40>
- epwg;ngd;rpy; &gha; 55 (&gha; 15)
- mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfk; &gha; 14
rjk; 50
- rpj;jpug; Gj;jfk; &gha; 26 rjk; 50
(&gha; 12)
tpilaspf;Fk;NghJ tpiy Fiwe;j
nghUspy; ,Ue;J tpiy $ba nghUs;
tiu Kd;Ndhf;fp vz;Ztjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> &gha; 1> rjk; 50
,w;Fk; &gha; 5 ,w;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s
tpj;jpahrj;ijf; fhz;gjw;F Kjypy;
&gha; 1 rjk; 50 ,ypUe;J mLj;j
&gha; tiuapy; vz;zpdhy; rjk; 50
&gha; 2 ,ypUe;J &gha; 5 tiuapy;
&gha; 3.
vdNt nkhj;jk; &gha; 3 rjk; 50
MFk;.
k P j p g ; gzj ;ij toq ;Fk ; Ng hJ
Kd;Ndhf;fp vz;Zk; jpwd; kpfTk;
mtrpak; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;tjw;F gpd;tUk; vLj;Jf;-
fhl;Lf;fs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
&gha; 10 jhs;fisf; nfhLj;J> &gha;
7> rjk; 25 ,w;F xU nghUis
thq;fpdhy; kPjkhf cs;s gzk;
vt ;tsT vd ;W khztu ;fs plk ;
tpdTq;fs;. Kjypy; &gha; 7 rjk; 25
,ypUe;J mLj;j &gha; tiuapy;
Kd;Ndhf;fp vz;ZtJ mtrpak; vd
tpsf;Fq;fs;. &gha; 7 rjk; 50 If;
$l;Lq;fs;. gpd;du; &gha; 8 ,ypUe;J
&gha; 10 tiu ,d;Dk; 2 If;
$l;Lq;fs;. mjd;gb kPjp &gha; 2 rjk;
75 MFk; . fUk;gyifapy ; ,g ; -
gbKiwia Kd;itAq;fs;.
25 rjk;; 50 rjk;; &gha; 2
$l;Lq;fs; $l;Lq;fs; $l;Lq;fs;
7'25 7'50 8'00 10'00&gha; 2+rjk;50 + rjk; 25 = &gha; 2 rjk; 75
midj;J khztUf;Fk; ek;gpf;if
Vw;gLk; tiuapy; khztupd; gq;F-
gw;WjYld; gy jlitfs; ,jidr;
nra;Aq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
,UtupUtuhf Ntiynra ;AkhW
khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
xU khztid fil KjyhspahfTk;
,d ;ndhU khztid nghUs ;
thq;FgtuhfTk; nraw;gLtjw;F
mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;.
t piyg ; gl ; bay pd ; gb > ,uz ;L
nghUs ;fis thq ;f p > ,uz ;L
nghUs;fspd; tpiyapd; $l;Lj ;
njhifia tpl> $ba ngWkjpAs;s
jhs;fhR xd;iwf; nfhLj;J nfhLf;fy;
thq;fy;fspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
,U khztu ;fis khw ;w pkhw ;w p
,r;nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
102Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf:
nghk;ik xd;W &gha; 75> fhyzp
&gha; 595 rjk; 90. nkhj;jk; &gha;
670 rjk; 90. &gha; 1000 ,y;
vt;tsT kPjkhFk;?
rjk; 10 + &gha; 9 + &gha; 20 + & 300
670.90 671 680 700 1000
&gha; 300 + &gha; 20 + &gha; 9 + rjk;10 = &gha; 329 rjk; 10
Nkw;$wg ;gl ;l tpilia ,t;thWk;
jPu;f;fyhk;.
&gha; 330 $l;Lq;fs;.
670 1000 90 rjj;ijf; fopAq;fs;330 329'10
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
1. &gha; 8> rjk; 50 tpiyAs;s
khk;gok; xd;iw thq;fp> &gha;
10 ehzaj;ijf; nfhLj;jhy;
fpilf;Fk; kPjpg;gzk; vt;tsT?
2. &gha; 50 nfhLj;J gg;ghrpg;gok;
xd;iw thq;fpaNghJ kPjpg ; -
gzkhf rjk ; 50 + &gha ;
2 + &gha; 5 fpilj;jd. fpilj;j
kPjpg;gzk; vt;tsT? gg;ghrpg;
goj;jpd; tpiy vt;tsT?
3. &gha; 12 ,w;F Njhlk;gok;
xd;Wk; &gha; 4 rjk; 50 ,w;F
khk;gok; xd;Wk; thq;fpa gpd;
&gha; 50 jhs;fhirf; nfhLj;jhy;
k Pj pahff ; f pilf ;Fk ; gzk;
vt;tsT?
4. xU ehzaj;jhy; kl;Lk; kPjpg;
gzj ;ij toq ;ff ;$bathW
ml;ltiziag; G+u;j;jp nra;-
Aq;fs;.
nghUSk; nrYj;jpa kPjpg;gzk;
tpiyAk; gzk;
Njhlk;gok;
&gha; 5 rjk; 75
ngd;rpy;
&gha; 14 rjk; 50
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ FOf;fspilNa nrd;W
mtjhd pAq ;fs ; . ,lu ; g ; gLk ;
khztUf;F &gha;fspy; tpiy
nfhz;l nghUs;fis kl;Lk ;
njupe;Jnfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.
tpiuthfTk; rupahfTk; nraw;
gLfpd;w khztUf;F jlitf;F
%d;W my;yJ ehd;F nghUs;
fisj; njupe;J $l;b> nfhLf;fy;
thq;fy;fspy; <LgLtjw;F xOq;F
nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
103 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:ngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghdngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghdngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghdngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghdngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghd
vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
gpd;tUtd Nghd;w rpy kdf;fzpj
tpdhf;fis Kd;itj;J ghlj;jpy;
gpuNtrpAq;fs;.
- xU fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid 500
fpuhk;fs; cs;sd?
- fpNyhfpuhk; &gha; 100 MfTs;s
jhdpa tifnahd;wpy; 500 fpuhk;
jhdpaj;jpd; tpiy vd;d?
- 10 Kl;ilfs; cs;s ngl;b
nahd;wpd; &gha; 120 Mapd;> xU
Kl;ilapd; tpiy vd;d?
- xd;W &gha; 20 tpiyAs;s
kpl;lha;fspy; 5 kpl;lha;fs;
thq;Ftjw;F vt;tsT gzk;
Njit?
NkNy Fwpg ;g pl ;l tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspf;f Kbahj khztu;fs;
,Uf;fyhk;. mt;tpdhf;fspy; kPz;Lk;
ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jp> mt;thwhd
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ehk; vd;d nra;ayhk;
vd;gJ gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: xU fpNyhfpuhkpd;
tpiy &gha; 100 Mapd; 500
fpuhkpd; tpiyiaf; fhz;gjw;F
vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;? xU
fpNyhfpuhkpy; 500 fpuhk;fs; 2
cs;sd> vdNt &gha; 100 I 2
My; tFf;f Ntz;Lk;.
kpl;lha; xd;W &gha; 20 Mapd; 5
k p l ; l ha ; fs pd ; t piyiaf ;
fhz;gjw;F &gha; 20 I 5 My;
ngUf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.
xU fpNyhfpuhk; muprp &gha; 70 Mapd;
5 fpNyhfpuhk; muprpapd; tpiyiaf;
fhz;gJ vg;gbnad tpdTq;fs;.
mjd;gb>
muprp xU fpNyhfpuhk; &gha; 70
muprp fpNyhfpuhk; 5 ,d; tpiy 70x5MFk;.
vdNt &gha; 350 MFk;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ nghUj;jkhfj; jahupj;Jf; nfhz;l tpiyg;gl;bay;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
tpiyg;gl;bay;
nghUs; tpiy nghUs; tpiy
&. r &. r1kg rk;gh 70'00 100g kpsfha;j;J}s; 34'001kg gr;ir muprp 63'00 100g krhyhj;J}s; 17'001kg rPdp 58'00 100g kpsF 24'001kg gUg;G 210'00 1 ghy;kh gf;fw; 297'001kg fpoq;F 78'00 rtu;f;fhuk; 27'001kg ntq;fhak; 75'00 1l Njq;fha; vz;nza; 220'001kg Njapiy 375'00 1 Njq;fha; 23'001kg kh 67'50
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
104Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Njapiy fpNyhfpuhk; &gha; 375
MFk;. 200 fpuhk ; Njapiyapd;
t piyiaf ; fhz ; gJ vt ;thW
vd;gijf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
nghUspd; xU gFjpapd; tpiyiag;
ngUf ;Fjy ; my ;yJ tFj ;jy ;
nraw ;ghLfshy ; fzf ;Ffisf ;
fzpg;gJ njhlu;ghf> khztUf;F
ek ; g p f ;if Vw ; gLk ; tifa py ;
cjhuzq;fs; gytw;iwf; fye;;Jiu-
ahLq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ,Utu ; ,Utuhf
nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
tpiyg;gl;baiy midtUf;Fk;
nju pAk ; t pjkhff ; fhl ; r p g ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
xU khztd ; VNjDk ; xU
nghUisAk; mjd; msitAk;
$Wk;NghJ kw;iwa khztd;>
mjw;Fupa tpiyiaf; fzf;fpl
Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
,Utu; ,Utuhf re;ju;g ;gj;ij
khw;wpf; nfhz;L $ba vz;zpf;if
ahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;tjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthU fzpjr; nra;ifAk;
epiwTw;w gpd;du; nrt;it ghu;j;J
mJgw;wpf; fye;Jiuahl Ntz;Lk;
vd;gij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W khztu;fsJ
,lu;ghLfis mwpe;J mtw;iwj;
jPu;g;gjw;F cjTq;fs;.
khzt Nrhbfspy; rfy khztUk;
,uz;L fzpjr; nra;iffspYk;
<LgLtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gl;L
cs;sjh vd;gij Nrhjpj ;Jg ;
ghUq;fs;. ,y;iynadpy; mjw;fhd
re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;Fq;fs;.
nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;Fk;>
Ntfkhff; fw;Fk; khztUf;Fk;
,yFthdJk ; > rthy ;fSld ;
$baJkhd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr;
nra;tjw ;fhd re ;ju ;g ;gq ;fis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
105 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: Nkw ;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;JNkw;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;JNkw;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;JNkw;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;JNkw;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;J
nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;
fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.
gug;gsTgug;gsTgug;gsTgug;gsTgug;gsT thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
18 18 18 18 18
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ntspg;Gwk; ³ gUkd;³ mfyk; ³ gug;gsT³ Nkw;gug;G
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ xNu mst pyhd ga pw ; r p g ;
Gj ;jfq;fs; (khztu; gad;-
gLj;Jgit)
³ xNu mstpyhd rpWtu; gj;jpupifj;
jhs;
³ ntw;Wg; ghy;kh igf;nfw;W
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Mrpupa Nkirapd; ePsj;ijf; fhZk;
tpjk; gw;wp khztUld; fye;Jiu-
ahLq;fs;. mJNghyNt cauj;ijf;
fhZk; tpjj ;ijAk ; fye ;Jiu-
ahLq;fs;. mt;thwhapd; Mrpupa
Nkir Nkw;gug;gpd; msitf; fhZtJ
vg;gb? vDk; tpdhit khztuplk;
vOg;Gq;fs;.
mj;Jld; Nkw;gug;gpd; msitf; fhZk;
tpjk; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
,jw;fhf fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sit
Nghd ;w nraw ;ghLfisg ; gad ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
xNu msthd gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fis>
khztu; rpyiuf; nfhz;L> Nkirapd;
Nkw;gug;gpy; nghUj;Jq;fs;. (,q;F
Gj;jfq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; tpspk;Gld;
nghUj;jp itf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.)
Nkirapd; Nkw;gug;ig %Ltjw;F
vj;jid mg;g pahrg ; Gj ;jfq;fs;
Njitg;gLk; vd;gijf; fzf;fpl;L>
mz;zsthff; $Wtjw;F topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thW Nkirapd; Nkw ;gug ;ig
msg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd Gj;jfq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if mk;Nkirapd; ntspg;
gug;gsT vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Nkira pd ; Nkw ;gug ; gsT = ...
mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfq;fs; MFk;.
,t;thW gug;gsT vd;gJ Nkw;gug;gpd;
gue;j msT vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
FOf;fSf;Fupa rpWtu; Nkirapd;
Nkw;gug;igg; gy;NtW vNjr;irahd
myFfshy; msg;gjw;F topg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
gug;ig mz;zsthff; fzf;fpl;L
mwpf ;ifg ;gLj ;Jtjw ;F topg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: vkJ FO Nkirapd;
Nkw;gug;gpd; msT ... mg;gpahrg;
Gj;jfq;fs;..... MFk;. ntw;Wg;
ghy;kh igf;fw; ... MFk;.
xt;nthU FOTk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
ngWNgWfis KO tFg;Gf;Fk;
Kd ;itg ; gjw ;Fr ; re ; j u ; g ; gk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
106Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
ehk; Nkirapd; Nkw;gug;igg; gy;NtW
vNjr ;irahd myFfshy ;
fzf;fpl;lhYk; jl;ilahd ve;j
Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitAk; mt;thW
msf;fyhk; vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu;fs; xNu msthd gapw;rpg;
Gj ;jfq;fs; / ntw;Wg; ghy;kh
igf;fw;Wfis Nkirapd; Nkw;
Gwj ;ij KOikahf %Lk ;
tpjkhfg; nghUj;Jfpwhu;fsh vdf;
ftdpAq;fs;.
vy;yh khztUk; ,r;nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLf pd ; w h u ; fsh vd ; gij
mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
107 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:
gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;
,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ
my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
ngupa rpwpa
mz;zsthf tl;lj;jpd; gug;gsT
vjpu; jb
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
30cmx15cm msTs;sJk; 25cmx20cm
msTs;sJkhd 2 fdkhd fljhrpj;
Jz;Lfs;.
ntw;Wj; jPg;ngl;b
jghy; ml;ilfs; (gad;gLj;jpa
jPg;ngl;b> jghy; ml;ilfs;> Kd;dNu
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l msTs;s
fdkhd fljhrpj; Jz;Lfs; ,uz;il
tFg;G khztUf;Ff; fhz;gpj;J
mtw;wpy; kpfg; ngupaJ vJ vd
tpdTq;fs;.
,e;j ,U fljhrpj; Jz;LfisAk;
xd ; w pd ; Nky ; xd ;iw itj ;J
xg;gpLkhW $Wq;fs;. ,t;thW ngupa
fljhrpia njupe;Jnfhs;s ,ayhjJ
Vd; vd;gijf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
mjdhy ; ,tw ;w pd ; gug ;gsit
VNjDk; xU myfpdhy; mse;J
nfhs ;s Ntz ;Lk ; vd ; gijf ;
$Wq;fs;.
,jw;fhf ,uz;L fljhrpfisAk;
NkirkPJ itj;J> xNu msthd
ntw;Wj;jPg;ngl;bfis Nkw;gug;gpy;
nghUj;jp itf;FkhW ,U khztu;-
fsplk; $Wq;fs;.
jPg;ngl;bfisf; fzf;fpl;L> $ba
gug;gsT nfhz;l fljhrpj; Jz;il
njupe;Jnfhs;s topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthU gug ;gsitAk; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOjp> khztiuAk;
mtw ;iw vOj pf ; nfhs ;SkhW
$Wq;fs;.
KjyhtJ fljhrpj; Jz;bd; gug;gsT
... jPg;ngl;bfs;.
,uz;lhtJ fljhr pj ; Jz;bd ;
gug;gsT ... jPg;ngl;bfs;.
gug;gsitf; fz;Lnfhz;l tpjj;ij
tFg ; g py ; k Pz ;Lk ; gbg ; gbahf
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
xt ;nthU FOTf;Fk ; rhjhuz
msTs ;s jghYiwfs ; > r py
jghyl;ilfs;> ntw;Wj; jPg;ngl;bfs;
12 tiuapy; toq;Fq;fs;.
(jghyl ;ilf ;Fg ; gjpyhf> mNj
msTs;s jbj;j fljhrpj; Jz;L
xd;iwg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ghlj;ij
Kd;itg;gjw;F Kjy; ehs;> xt;nthU
khztUk; gad;gLj ;Jtjw ;nfd
jghyl;il> ntw;Wj;j Pg ;ngl ;bfs;
vd;gtw;iwg; NghjpasT nfhz;L
tUkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.)
jghyl;il> jghYiw ,itapuz;by;>
kpfg;ngupaJ vJ vd;gijf; fhZkhW
FOf ;fsplk ; $Wq ;fs ; . (,q ;F
mz ;zsthf gug ; gisitf ;
fzf;fpLtJ NghJkhdJ.)
tpiliaf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;s
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
jghYiwapd; gug;gsT.../ jPg;ngl;bfs;
jghyl;ilapd; gug;gsT ...jPg;ngl;bfs;
kpfg; ngupaJ ...
xd;wpd;Nky; xd;iw itj;J xg;gpl
Kbahj Nkw;gug;Gfspd; gug;gsitf;
fhzTk; xg;gplTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
108Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:Nkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;irNkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;irNkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;irNkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;irNkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;ir
myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
jiuapy; tiuag;gl ;l gpd;tUk;
tpjkhd ,U tbtq;fs;
20cm 30cm
40cm 30cm
xt;nthU FOTk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
tpilfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itAq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xNumsT Nghy; Njhw;wkspf;Fk;
xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l gUkd;
,uz;il Kd;itj;J mtw;w pd ;
gug;gsit vNjr;irahd myFfshy;
mse;J xg;gpLtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
e Pz;l jghYiwAk; miog;gpjo;
ciwAk;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
30cmx20cm mstpyhd jbj ;j
fljhrp> 20cmx2cm mstpyhd jbj;j
fljhrpj; Jz;L.
Bd;]; fl ;ilfspy ; E}Wfisf;
fhl;Lk; jl;ilfs;.
10cmx10cm rJuk; / ePz;l jghYiw
rJuf;fl;il / rJuKfp
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
30cmx20cm cs ;s jbj ; j
fljhrpj;Jz;Lk;> Bd;]; fl;ilfspy;
E}Wfisf; fhl;Lk; rJuj;jl;il
(10cmx10cm) my ;yJ mNj
msTs ;s fdkhd fljhr p j ;
Jz;Lfis tFg;G khztUf;Ff;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
30cmx20cm msTs;s jbg ;ghd
fljhr p k PJ rJuf ;fl ;ilfis
itf ;FkhW xU khztd plk ;
$Wq ;fs ; . jbj ;j fljhr pa pd ;
Nkw;wsj;jpd; gug;gsT 6 rJuf;
fl;ilfs; vd;gij khztUf;F
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
20cm 30cm
NkYk; mt;thwhd jl ;ilahd
Nkw;wsj;jpd ; gug ;gsit rJuf;
fl;ilfshy; msg;gjw;F topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: gapw;rpg; Gj;jfk;
nrq;Nfhzg; gyif
,t;thW mwpKfg;gLj;jpa gpd;du;>
Nkw;wsj;jpd; gug;gsit msg;gjw;F
kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd tbtk; vJntd
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
r pWtu ; gj ;j pifj ;jhs ; xd ;w pd ;
gug ;gsit Bd ;] ; njhFj pa py ;
E}Wfisf; fhl;Lk; rJuf;fl;ilfshy;
my;yJ 10cmx10cm msTila
jbj ;j fljhr pj ; Jz ;Lfshy ;
msTq;fs;.
ePz;l mQ;rYiwapd; kPJ 2cmx2cm
msTs;s jbj;j fljhrp; Jz;Lfisg;
nghUj ; j p mjd ; gug ; gsitf ;
fhZq;fs;
jPg;ngl;bapd; gue;j Nkw;wsj;jpy;
nrd;upfpA+g; my;yJ 1cmx1cmx1cmmsthd rJuf;fl;ilfisg; nghUj;jp
mjd; gug;gsitf; fhZq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
109 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: xOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitxOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitxOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitxOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitxOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitr;r ;r ;r ;r ; rJuf;fl;l rJuf;fl;l rJuf;fl;l rJuf;fl;l rJuf;fl;l
ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.
ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4
FOf;fspilNa nghUs;fis khw;wpf;
nfhs;sTk;> fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwpf;
nfhs;sTk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
khztuJ tpilfis mwpf;ifg;-
gLj;JkhW $Wq;fs;.
rpWtu; gj;jpupif jhspd; gug;gsT
...... rJuf;fl;ilfs; MFk;.
ePz;l mQ;rYiwapd; gug;gsT ......
rJuf;fl;ilfshFk;.
jPg;ngl;bapd; gue;j Nkw;wsj;jpd;
gug;gsT ...... rJuf;fl;ilfs; MFk;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ > FOf ;fSf ;Fr ; nrd ;W
Njitahd topfhl;liy toq;F-
q;fs;.
jkJ mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfj;jpy; (rJuf;
Nfhbl;l) 5 rJuk; ePsk;> 2 rJuk;
mfykhd nrt;tfnkhd;iw tiue;J
mjpYs;s fl;lq;fisf; fzf;fpl;L
vOJtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
xOq;fw;w tbtk; fl;l tiy
miuf;fl;lk; xOq;fhd tbtk;
kpff; fpl;ba KOf; fl;lk;
fl;lj;jpd; miuthrp
mz;zsthf
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
ngupa mstpyhd ,uz;L ,iyfs;>
rpwpa mstpyhd gy;NtW tpjkhd
10 ,iyfs; tiuapy;.
XusT ngupa jbj;j fljhrp 5cmx5cmmstpy ; rJukpl ;l fl ;l tiy
(gp];l]; ml;il my;yJ nghf;];
Nghu;l;)
xspa+LGF fl;ltiy.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kd;ida ghlq;fspy; ehk; nrt;tfk;/
rJuk ; Mf pa tbtq ;fs pd ;
gug;gsitf; fzf;fpl;l tpjj;ij
epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
,iyia KO tFg;Gf;Fk; fhz;gpj;J
mjd; gug;gsitf; fhz;gJ vt;thW
vd;gijf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
,jw;fhfg; gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fs;
Kd;itf;fg;glf;$Lk;. ,iy kPJ
jPg;ngl;b Nghd;wtw;iw itj;Jf;
fz;ffplyhk; vd rpyu; $wyhk;.
mt;thwhd fUj;Jf;fs; ,Ug;gpd;>
mjid nra;tjw;Fr; re;ju ;g ;gk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
,iyia KOikahf %Lk ;
tifapy; mtw;iw itf;f Kbe;jhYk;
mjd ; msit mz ;zsthf
fzf;fpLtJ fbdkhFk; vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fl;l tiyapd; kPJ ,iyia itj;J
mjidr; Rw;wp tiue;J> gpd;du;
,iyia e Pf ;f pt pl ;L mjdhy ;
%lg;gl;l gug;gsitf; fhzyhk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
x √ √ x
√ √ √ √ √ x √ √ √ x
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
110Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
gpd;du; mjd; gug;gsitf; fhZk;
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Kjypy; KOikahd rJuq;fisf;
fzf;fpLq;fs;. mjd; msitf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
gpd;du;> miuthrpf; ;Fk; mjpfkhf
cs;stw ;iwf ; fzf ;f pLq ;fs ; .
mjidAk; fPNo vOjpf; $l;Lq;fs;.
(rupahfg; ghjp ,Ug;gpd;> mtw;wpy;
,uz;il KOikahd xd;W vd;gjhf
vz;Zq;fs;.)
fUk;gyifapy; vOjpa vz;zpf;-
ifiaf; $l;Lq;fs;. tpilahfg;
ngw ;Wf ; nfhz ;l rJuq ;fs pd ;
vz;zpf;ifia ,iyapd; fpl;ba
gug ;gsT vd ;gijf ; Fw pj ;Jf ; -
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xspa+LGF
fl;ltiynahd;W my;yJ tiuag;-
gl;l fl;ltiy mikg;G xd;Wk;
xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l mstpyhd
,iyiaAk; toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
A FOTf;F gyhtpiy
B FOTf;F nfha;ah ,iy
C FOTf;F vYkpr;ir ,iy
vd;wthW...
,iyapy; xspa+LGF fl;ltiyia
itj ;J> ,iyapd ; gug ;gsit
mz;zsthff; fhZkhW $Wq;fs;.
cjhuzkhff;
fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s
jhspd;
gug;gsT
KOikahd rJuk;
9
ghjp my;yJ mjw;F
mjpfkhf cs;s rJuk;
3
mz;zsthd rJuk;
1
xt;nthU FOTk; jkJ fz;L-
gpbg;igf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJ-
tNjhL> mtw;iwj; jkJ gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpYk; vOjpf; nfhs;tjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
gyh ,iya pd ; g ug ; gsT
rJuq;fs; ...
nfha;ah ,iyapd; gug;gsT
rJuq;fs; ...
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
fl ;lq ;fspd ; gFjpiag ; gw ;w pa
jPu;khdpj;jypy; ,lu;g;gLk; khztiu
,dq;fhZq;fs;.
mtu;fSf;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;liy
toq;Fq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky ;yf ; fw ;Fk ; khztUf ;F>
,iyf;Fg; gjpyhf Nfj;jpu fzpj
jstbtq;fis Kd;itj;J mtw;wpd;
gug;gsitf; fl;ltiyiaf; nfhz;L
fhz;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
111 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lKs;s jhs;
³ rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; msTs;s jbj;j
fljhrpj; Jz;L
³ 10cm-15cm ePsj;Jf;F Nkw;glhj
4> 5 rpwpa ngl;bfisf; nfhz;L
tUkhW khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
gug ;gsitf; fhz;gjw;F vijg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;?
ghlk; 4 ,y; ehk; rJuf; fl;lq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jpg ; gug;gsit mse;J
nfhz;l tpjk; gw;wpf; fye;Jiu-
ahLq;fs;. ,d;Wk; mJNghyNt rpwpa
fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gug;gsitf;
fhzg; NghfpNwhk; vd;Wk;> mit
1 nrd;upkPw;wu; ePs> mfyk; nfhz;l
xU rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lk; vdg;gLk;
vd;Wk; $Wq;fs;.
rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lq;fs; nfhz;l
jhnshd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp> gug;gsitf;
fhZk; tpjj;ijf; fhz;gpAq;fs;. rpwpa
nghUs;fspd; gug;gsitg; nghJthf
rJu nrd;upkPw;wupy; msf;f KbAk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
rpwpa ngl;bnahd;wpd; Nkw;gug;gpd;
g ug ; gsitf ; fhz ;gjw ;F rJu
nrd;upkPw;wu; jhisg; gad;gLj;Jk;
Kiwiar; nra;J fhl;Lq;fs;.
(,q;F gug;gsitf; fhz;gjw;Fupa
myF rJunrd;upkPw;wu; vd;gijf; $w
Ntz;bajpy;iy.)
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;
gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 55555
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
mtu;fsplk; cs;s ngl;bnahd;wpd;
xU gf;fj;ij %Ltjw;F vj;jid
rJu nrd ;u pk Pw ;wu ;fs ; Njit
vd ; gij mDkhd pf ;FkhW
$Wq;fs;.
mtu;fsJ mDkhdq;fis vOjpf;
nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.
ngl;bapd; Xuq;fis jhspy; cs;s
NfhLfSld; nghUj;jp> rJuf;
Nfhl;Lj;jhspd; kPJ ngl;biar; Rw;wp
tiuAkhW $Wq;fs;.
mjd ; g pd ;G mjpy ; vj ;jid
rJuq;fs; cs;sd vd vz;zpg;
ghu;f;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
rJuj;jpd; ghjpfs; ,uz;il xU
KOr; rJukhff; fzf;fpLkhW
$Wq;fs;.
nkhj;jg;gug;gsT ahJ?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23 2425 26 27 28 29 30
,t;TUtpd; gug;gsT
30 rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;
1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18
,t;TUtpd; gug;gsT
18 + 3 ghjp rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
112Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
19 rJunrd;upkPw;wu;
1 ghjp rJunrd;upkPw;wu;
,JNghd;W 3 my;yJ 4 rpwpa
ngl ;bfspd ; xU Nkw ;gug ;g pd ;
gug;gsitf; fhz;gjw;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gug;gsitf; fz;l tpjj;ijf;
$Wtjw;F khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
xNu gug;gsTs;s tpj;jpahrkhd
tbtq;fis Nkw;gug;ghff; nfhz;l
ngl;b vJ?
k pfg ; ngu pa gug ; gsTldhd
Nkw;gug;igf; nfhz;l ngl;b ahJ?
mJ ve;jg; gf;fkhFk;?
kpfr; rpwpa gug;gsTs;s Nkw;gug;igf;
nfhz;l ngl;b ahJ?
Nghd ;w t pdhf ;fis tpdtp >
mtu ;fsJ t pilfs ; gw ; w p f ;
fye;Jiuahl topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;b-
Uf;Fk;NghJ FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W
Njitahd MNyhridfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
113 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ghjp ³ ,uz;by; xd;W
³ ,uz;bd; gq;F
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOr;nraw;ghl;bw;nfd> ,uz;L
khztUf ;F xd ;W t Pjk ; >
NghjpasT xg;gilfs; (my;yJ
fUk;gyifapy; njhq;ftplf;$ba
ngupa jhs; xd;iwj; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
fljhrpnahd;wpy ; jahupf ;fg ;gl ;l
nrt;tfnkhd;iwf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
Kd;tUk; khztdplk;> mjid ,U
rk gq;Ffshf kbf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
mjid tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp> mJ
gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
mNj tbtk;> msT nfhz;l NkYk;
rpy fljhrpfis khztu;fSf;F
toq;fp> mtw;iwr; rkkhd gq;Ffs;
fpilf;FkhW kbj;Jf;nfhz;L> mJ
gw;wpf; fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wtjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
kbf;fg;gl;l gFjp KOtjpd; vd;d
gq;F?> mt;thwhd xU gq;if
vt;thW $wyhk;? Nghd;w tpdhf;fis
tpdtp> khztu; Kd;dNu mwpe;Js;s
'ghjp;"> ',uz;by; xd;W" Nghd;wtw;iw
kPz;Lk; epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
mij vd vOJk; Kiwia
tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
xU khztid Kd;dhy; mioj;J>
mtdplk; 8 my;yJ 10 vz;zpfis
toq ;f p > mtw ;iw ,uz;L rk
msTs;s Ftpay;fshf Mf;Fk;gb
$Wq;fs;.
10 vz;zpfis ,U rk msthd
Ftpay;fshf;fpdhy;> xU Ftpaypy;
5 vz;zpfs; ,Uf;Fk;. mjd;gb
10 ,d; ghjpfs; ,uz;by; xd;W 5
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
'10 ,d; ,uz;bd; xd;W 5 MFk;."
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gpurpdq;fis
khztu; Kd;itAq;fs;.
utpaplk; 12 ney;ypf;fha;fs; cs;sd.
mtd; mjpy; ghjpiaj; jk;gpf;Ff;
nfhLj;jhd;. jk;gpf;Ff; fpilj;j
ney;ypf;fdpfs; vj;jid?
vz;zpfisg; gad;gLj;jp> khztu;
gq ;fs pg ; Gld ; ,g ; g p ur pdj ;ijj ;
jPUq;fs;. nghUs;fspd; Ftpay;fspy;
,uz;by; xU gq;iff; fhZk;
topKiwiaf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
g pd ;tUk ; tpjkhd g pur pdj ;ij
Kd;itAq;fs;.
xU gpuahzp jhd; nry;y Ntz;ba
20km J}uj;jpd; I Giftz;bapYk;;
kPjpj;J}uj;ij NgUe;jpYk; nrd;whd;.
mtd; Giftz;bapy; nrd;w J}uk;
vj;jid fpNyhkPw;wu;?
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :
gpd;dq;fs;gpd;dq;fs;gpd;dq;fs;gpd;dq;fs;gpd;dq;fs; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
20 20 20 20 20,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;F,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;F,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;F,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;F,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;FfSf;FfSf;FfSf;FfSf;FfSf;F
cupacupacupacupacupa gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.
rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.
11111
22222
11111
22222
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
114Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
^2& 16 ,d; ,uz;by; xd;W
vj;jid? ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3& xU tpahghup tpw;gjw;fhff;
nfhz;Lte;j 40 khk;goq;fs;
,uz ;by ; xU gq ;iff ;
fhiyapy; tpw;whu;. fhiyapy;
tpw;w khk;goq;fs; vj;jid?
mtr pakha pd ; khztUf ;F
vz;zpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU gpurpdj;ijAk; jkJ
gapw ;r pg ; Gj;jfj;jpy ; Fwpj ;Jf;
nfhs;sTk;> ,UtUk; Nru;e;J>
fye;Jiuahbg; gpurpde; jPu;f;fTk;
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu ; FOr ;nraw ; g hl ; by ;
<Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ> FOf;fSf;Fr;
nrd;W Njitahd gpd;D}l;liy
toq;Fq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ehd;fpd; gq;F =
³ ehypy; xd;W
³ gpd;dk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ xg;gil ml;il
³ fljhrpapy; ntl;lg;gl;l Nfj;jpu
fzpj jstbtq;fs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
r py kdf ;fzpj t pdhf ;fSld ;
ghlj;ij Muk;gpAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
6 ,d; vj;jid?
ngd ; r py ; ngl ; bnahd ; w py ; 1 2
ngd;rpy;fs; cs;sd. mjpy; ghjp
vt;tsT?
Kd ;ida ghlj ;ijg ; Ng hd ;W >
fljhrpapy; ntl;lg;gl;l jstbtq;fis
ehd;F rkgFjpfshf kbj;J> khztu;
Kd;dwpit kPl;Lq;fs;.
mjpy; xU gq;F 'ehd;fpy; xd;W"
vdTk; mjid vd vOj Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
g pd ;tUkhwhd tbtj ;ijf ;
fUk;gyifapy; tiue;J mjpy; 2
gq;if epow;Wq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
12
14
12
12
,q;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l mstpd; If;
fhz Ntz ;Lk ; vd ; gijf ;
ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L. fye;Jiuahlypy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ,Utu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp xg;gil ml;ilfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1& gpd;tUk; cUtq;fspd;
I epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;.
1. 2.
3. 4.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
115 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
gpd;tUk; tpjkhff; fye;Jiuahb
vd mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.
,J vj ; jid gq ;Ffshfg ;
gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?
4 rk gq;Ffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
epow;wg;gl;l gq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if
ahJ?
2 gq;Ffs; epow;wg;gl;Ls;sd.
ehd;F gq;Ffspy; ,uz;L gq;Ffs;
epow;wg;gl;Ls;sd.
mjhtJ ehd;fpd; ,uz;L gq;Ffs;
epow;wg;gl;Ls;sd.
mjid vd vOj Ntz ;Lk ;
vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W> ehd;fpy;
%d;W gq;Ffs;> ¾ vd;gij mwpKfQ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
NtW jstbtq;fisAk; ehd;F
gq ;Ffshfg ; g p u pj ;J > ehd ;f pd ;
gq;Ffis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F khztu;
fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
ehd;fpy; ehd;fpy; ehd;fpy;
; xd;W ,uz;L %d;W
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiur ; r p w pa FOf ;f -
shf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; fljhrpapy;
ntl;lg ;gl ;L> rkgq;Ffshfg;
g p u p f ; fg ; gl ; l ntt ;NtW js
tbtq ;fis ( 6 Mf pYk ; )
toq;Fq;fs;.
mtw;iw ehd;fpy; xd;W> ehd;fpy;
,uz;L> ehd;fpy; %d;W vd;g
tw;iwf; fhl;Lk; tpjkhf epow;Wk;gb
$Wq;fs;. vy;yh tbtq;fisAk;
XusT ngu pa fljhr pa py ;
xl;Ltjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
xt;nthU tbtj;jpd; fPOk;> mjpy;
fhl;lg;gLk; ehypd; gq;Ffisg;
g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhf vOJkhW
$Wq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
epow;wg;gl;l gq;F MFk;.
epow;wg;gl;l gq;F MFk;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu;fs; ehd;fpd; gq;Ffis
rupahf ,dq;fz;Ls;sdu; vd;gij
cWjpg ;gLj;j pf ; nfhs;tjw;Fg ;
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd xg;gilfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s tbtq;fspy;
epow;wg;gl;Ls;s ehd;fpd;
gq;Ffisf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
1& ^2& 3&
14
34
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
116Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,JNghd;W> KOikahd xd;wpypUe;J
ehd;f pd ; gq ;Ffis NtWgLj;j p
,dq;fhzf;$ba rpy gpurpdq;fisj;
jPUq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztu;fisr; rpwpa FOf;fshf;fp>
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gpd;tUtd
Nghd;w rpy gpurpdq;fs; mlq;fpa
xg;gil ml;ilfisAk; vz;zp-
fisAk; toq;Fq;fs;.
1. 20 khk;goq;fis ehy;tUf;Fr;
rkkhfg; gq;fpl;lhy; xUtUf;Ff;
f pilf ;Fk ; khk ; goq ;fs pd ;
vz;zpf;if ahJ?
2. 20 khk;goq;fspy; ehd;fpy; %d;W
gq;F vj;jid?
3. 40 Njq;fha ;fs ; ehd;F rk
Ftpay;fshf Mf;fg;gl;ld. mjd;
ehd;fpd; xU gq;F vj;jid?
4. 40 ,d; ehd;fpd; ,uz;L gq;Ffs;
vj;jid? 40 ,d; ehd;fpd; %d;W
gq;Ffs; vj;jid?
vz ;z pfisg ; gad ; gLj ; j p j ;
jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu ; fs ; FONtiya py ;
<Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ> FOf;fSf;Fr;
nrd;W mtrpakhd cjtpfis
toq ;Fq ;fs ; . Nkw ;$wg ; gl ; l
gpurpdq;fSf;F cupa tpilfisg;
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy; gpd;tUk;
tpjkhf Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
20 ,d; ehd;fp;y; xU gq;F Ie;J
20 ,d; gq;F 5 MFk;.
20 ,d; ehd;fpy; ,uz;L gq;F
gj;J MFk;.
20 ,d; gq;F 10 MFk;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: KOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;FfisKOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;FfisKOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;FfisKOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;FfisKOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;Ffis
NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ vz;zpfs;
³ xg;gil ml;ilfs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Ke;jpa ghlj;jpy; ehd;fpd; gq;Ffs;
^ & gw;wpf; fw;wtw;iw khztu;
fSf;F epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
KOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd;
gq ;Ffis ,dq;fhz;gjw ;fhfg ;
gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gpurpdq;fis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
8 ngd;rpy;fs; ehd;F NgUf;fpilNa
rkkhfg ; gf p u ; e ; js pf ;fg ; gl ; lJ .
xUtUf;Ff; fpilj;j ngd;rpy;fs;
vj;jid?
ehd ;F khztu ;fis Kd;dhy ;
mioj;J> 8 ngd;rpy;fisr; rkkhfg;
gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
khztu;fSld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
xUtu ; ngw ; w ngd ; r py ; fs pd ;
vz;zpf;if 2 MFk;. vdNt> 8
ngd;rpy;fis ehd;fhfg; gpupf;Fk;NghJ
xU gq;F 2 MFk;.
vl;bd; ehd;F gq;Ffspy; xd;W 2.
8 ,d; 14 gq;F 2 MFk;.
,jidf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
,UtUf;Ff; fpilj;j ngd;rpy;fspd;
vz;zpf;if ahJ vd tpdTq;fs;.
ehd;F Ngupy; ,UtUf;Ff; fpilj;j
ngd;rpy;fspd; vz;zpf;if 4 vd;gjhy;>
8,d; ehd;fpy; ,uz;L ehd;fhFk;.
8 ,d; gq;F 4 MFk;.
,jidf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
mJNghyNt 8 ,d; 6 vd;gijAk;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
1 > 2 > 3
4 4 4
2
4
1
4
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
117 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ gj;jpd; gq;Ffs;
³ gj;jpy; xd;W... gj;jpy; xd;gJ
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gj;J rk gq;Ffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;l
cUtk;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
,uz;by; xd;W> ehd;fpy; xd;W
njhlu ;ghd k Pl ;lYf ;fhfr ; r py
kdf;fzf;Ffis tpdTq;fs;. gj;J
rkkhd gq;Ffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;l
nrt;tf tbtnkhd;iw khztUf;Ff;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
,jpy; 10 rkkhd gq;Ffs; cs;sd
vd;gijAk; mjpy; xU gq;F gj;jpy;
xd;W vdTk; mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.
fUk;gyifapy; gpd;tUkhW vOjpf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
gj;jpy; xd;W
gj;jpy; ,uz;L gq;Ffs; epow;wg;gl;l
XU tbtj;ijf; fhl;b> mjpy;
epow;wg;gl;Ls;sij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
,JNghd;W gj;jpd; Vida gq;F
fisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU
FOTf;Fk; 10 rk gq;Ffshfg;
gpupf;fg;gl;l 9 jstbtq;fs;;> ngupa
msT fljhr p vd ; gtw ;iw
toq;Fq;fs
I xt;nthU
tbtj;jpYk; epwe;jPl;b> mjidg;
ngupa fljhrpapy; xl;LkhWk; mjd;
fPNo mjw;Fupa gpd;dq;fisAk;
vz;fisAk; vOJk;gb $Wq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; gj;jpd; gq;Ffis rupahf
mwpe;Js;sduh vd;gij cWjpg;
gLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;F Vw;w gapw;rp
fis toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
g pd ;tUk ; cUtq ;fs py ;
epow;wg ;gl;l gFjpfSf;Fupa
gpd;dq;fis vOJq;fs;.
1& 2&
3&
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 44444
123123123123123
1234512345123451234512345
12341234123412341234
123456123456123456
1234123412341234
1234123412341234
12341234
123456123456123456123456
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
118Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
g pd ;dq ;fis ,dq;fhz;gj py ;
,lu;g;gLfpd;w khztu;fSf;Fj;
Njitahd g pd ;D}l ;ly ;fis
toq;Fq;fs;. ,jw;fhfg; gpd;dq;fs;
njhlu;ghd ,yFthd tpdhf;fis
tpdTq;fs;.
,q;F ghlk; 3 ,y; jug;gl;l
KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ehd;fpd;
gq;Ffis NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Ltij
mwpKfQ; nra;jJ Nghd;W
nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfisg;
gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
(tbtnkhd ;iwf ; fhz;g pj ;J)
,jpYs;s rk msthd gq;Ffs;
vj;jid?
epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gFjpfs; vj;jid?
epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gFjp KOtjpd;
vd;d gq;F?
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;
gq;F> gq;F> gq;F> gq;F> gq;F> gj;jpd;gj;jpd;gj;jpd;gj;jpd;gj;jpd; gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 55555
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
119 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ Kw;gfy;> gpw;gfy;
³ ,yf;ff; fbfhuk;
(Digital clock)³ rhjhuz fbfhuk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ rhjhuz fbfhuk;> ,Ugj;jpehd;F
kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuk;.
³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ,yf;ff;
fbfhu Kf ml;ilnahd;Wk;
(cUitg; ghUq;fs;) 1 ,ypUe;J
9 tiu ,yf;fq;fs; vOjg;gl;l
ml;ilfs; (,yf;ff; fbfhu
Kfj ;j pd ; ad ;dy ;fSf ;Fg ;
nghUj ; jkhdit) ,uz ;L
njhFjpfs; tPjk;.
³ g+r;rpak; vOjg;gl;l 4 Nkyjpf
ml;ilfs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
rhjhuz fbfhuj ;j py ; gy ;NtW
Neuq;fisf; fhl;b me;Neuq;fis
thrpg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
g pioahd t pilia clNd
gpionad;W $wptplhky;> rupahd
t pil njhlu ; g hfg ; nghJthf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba NtWtpilfs;
cs ;sdth vd kw ;wtu ;fs plk ;
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
,yf;ff ; fbfhunkhd;wpy ; Neuk;
fhl ;lg ;gLtJ Kl;fshy; my;y>
,yf;fq;fshy; vd;gij tpsq;fg;
gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . ,yf ;ff ; fbfhu
nkhd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy; NkNy
tiue ;J rhjhuz fbfhu Neu
nkhd ;iw> mk ;Kfj ;j py ; ehd ;F
,yf;fq;fspy; thrpg ;gjw;F topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
Kjypy; rhjhuz Neuj;ijf; fhl;b
mJ vj;jid kzp vd;gij tpdtp>
,yf;ff; fbfhu Kfj;jpy; gpd;tUk;
Neuq;fisAk; fhl;Lq;fs;.
02(00> 03(00> 05(15> 09(45> 11(55
,yf;ff ; fbfhuj ;j py ; Neuj ;ij
thrpf;Fk;NghJ> kzpj;jpahyk; vdf;
Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
02 ( 00 kzpj;jpahyk;
03 ( 00 kzpj;jpahyk;
05 ( 15 kzpj;jpahyk;
09 ( 45 kzpj;jpahyk;
11 ( 45 kzpj;jpahyk;
,e;Neuq;fs; midj;Jk; Kw;gfy;
Neuq;fshFk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fhiy Ntis Kw;gfy; Kw;gfy; Kw;gfy; Kw;gfy; Kw;gfy; vdTk;>
khiy Ntis gpw ;gfy ;g pw ;gfy ;g pw ;gfy ;g pw ;gfy ;g pw ;gfy ; vdTk;
miof;fg;gLk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
ve;jnthU ehspYk; es;sputpy; ,Ue;J
ez;gfy; tiuapy; Kw;gfy; MFk;.
ez;gfypy; ,Ue;J es;spuT tiuapy;
gpw;gfy; MFk;. ehspd; Kw;ghjpAk;
gpw;ghjpAk; ,t;thW Kw;gfy;> gpw;gfy;
vd miof ;fg ; gLk ; vd ; gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: Kw ;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;FKw;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;FKw;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;FKw;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;FKw;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;F
kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : xNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jpxNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jpxNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jpxNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jpxNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jp
24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.
nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.
fhyk; 2fhyk; 2fhyk; 2fhyk; 2fhyk; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
21 21 21 21 21
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
120Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
gfy; 12 ,ypUe;J gpw;gfy; Neuq;fs;
2 4 kzpj ;j pahyf ; fbfhuj ;j py ;
tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwapy; fhl;lg;gLk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: gpw;gfy;; 1 kzp 24
kzpj;jpahy ,yf;ff; fbfhuj;jpy;
13:00 vdf; fhl;lg;gLk; vd;gijf;
$Wq;fs ; . (ez;gfy ; Neuk ; 12
kzpAld; ,d;Dk; 1 kzpj;jpahyk;
Nru;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. (12 + 1=13)
,jw;Nfw;g>
gpw;gfy; 2.00 14:00 kzp;j;jpahyk;
gpw;gfy; 3.00 15:00 kzpj;jpahyk;
gpw;gfy; 4.00 16:00 kzpj;jpahyk;
Kw;gfy;> gpw;gfy; Neuj;jpw;F xj;j
,yf;ff; fbfhu Neuj;ij thrpf;Fk;
t pjj ;ij vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;LfSld ;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Kw;gfy; xd;gJ - xd;gJ
kzpj;jpahyk;
Kw;gfy;
gjpndhd;W Kg;gJ - gjpndhd;W Kg;gJ
kzpj;jpahyk;
gpw;gfy; xd;W - gjpd;%d;W
kzpj;jpahyk;
gpw;gfy;
VO ,Ugj;ije;J - gj;njhd;gJ
,Ugj;ije;J
kzpj;jpahyk;
vg;NghJk; ,yf;ff;fbfhu Neuk; ehd;F
,yf;fq;fspy; fhl;lg;gLk; vd;gijf;
ftdpf ;FkhW khztiu to pg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiur; rpwpa FOf;fshf;
Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ,yf;ff;
fbfhu Kfnkhd;Wk; 1 ,ypUe;J
9 tiu cs;s vz; ml;ilj;
njhFjpfs; ,uz;Lk; 0 vOjg;gl;l
%d;W ml;ilfSk; toq;Fq;fs;.
ePq;fs; fUk;gyifapy; vOJk;
Neuj;ij ,yf;ff; fbfhuj;jpy;
tiff;Fwpg;gjw;Ff; FOf;fis
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vz; ml;ilfspy; xUtu; Neuj;ij
itf;Fk;NghJ FOtpy; cs;s
kw ; wtu ; fs ; mjid Vw ;Wf ;
nfhs;fpwhu ;fsh vd;gij tpd
Tq;fs;.
fPNoAs;s xt;nthU Neuj;ijAk;
Nkw;Fwpj;jthW tiff;Fwpg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
gpd;tUk; gapw;rpfspy; khztiu
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
rhjhuz fbfhu Neuj ;ijf ;
fhl;Lq;fs;;-
14:45 kzpj;jpahyk;
00:12 kzpj;jpahyk;
12:24 kzpj;jpahyk;
07:38 kzpj;jpahyk;
22:20 kzpj;jpahyk;
,yf;ff; fbfhuj;jpy; Neuj;ijf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
gpw;gfy; 3.15
Kw;gfy; 9.50
Kw;gfy; 12.35
gpw;gfy; 12.10
gpw;gfy; 8.23
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
tpiuthfr; nra;JKbf;Fk; FOit
my;yJ FOf;fis ez;gfy; 12
IAk; es;spuT 12 IAk; ,yf;ff;
fbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;Ltjw;Fk;
thrpg;gjw;Fk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Kw;gfy; 1.00 Kw;gfy; 2.20
Kw;gfy; 3.08 gpw;gfy; 4.16
gpw;gfy; 7.59 Kw;gfy; 9.35
Kw;gfy; 10.40 Kw;gfy; 11.22
gpw;gfy; 12.30 gpw;gfy; 1.05
gpw;gfy; 4.15 gpw;gfy; 2.24
gpw;gfy; 6.12 gpw;gfy; 5.25
gpw;gfy; 8.50 gpw;gfy; 10.30
gpw;gfy; 7.33 gpw;gfy; 11.55
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
121 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
(,uT 12 . 00 kzp > ,yf ;ff ;
fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; tpjk;gw;wp
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;. ,uT 11.59> 23.59
Mff; fhl;lg;gl;lhYk; es;spuT
12.00 tiuapy; kzpj;jpahyk; 00.00
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
es ;s p uT 1 2 . 0 0 tiua py ;
epkplj;ijf; fhl;LkhW $Wq;fs;.
24 kzpj;jpahy Neuj;ijf; fhl;Lk;
Kiwia ,dq ;fhz ; gjw ;F
,lu;g;gLk; khztiu> tpiuthff;
fw;Fk; khztupd; topfhl;lYld;
kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;F kzpj;jpahyk;
Kw;gfy; 9> Kw;gfy; 10 Nghd;w
Neuq ; fis kl ;Lk ; tiff ;
Fwpg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ fbfhuk; (rhjhuzkhdJ)
³ khjpupf; fbfhu Kfk;
(thuk; 9 ghlj;jpy; jahupj;jit)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
gpd;tUk; kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis
tpdTq;fs;.
kzpj ;j pahyj ;j py ; vj ;jid
epkplq;fs; cs;sd?
(60 epkplq;fs;)
miu kzpj;jpahyj;jpy; vj;jid
epkplq;fs; cs;sd?
(30 epkplq;fs;;)
fhy; kzpj;jpahyj;jpy; vj;jid
epkplq;fs; cs;sd?
(15 epkplq;fs;;)
Kf;fhy; kzpj;jpahyj;jpy; vj;jid
epkplq;fs; cs;sd?
(15x3 epkplk; = 45 epkplq;fs;)
khztUf;F tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJ
fbdkhf ,Ug ; g pd ; g pd ;tUk ;
Neuq;fis fbfhu Kfnkhd;wpy;
fhl;Lq;fs;. my;yJ khjpupf; fbfhu
Kfq;fspy; me;Neuq;fisf; fhl;b
tpilaspg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
8 fope;J 5 epkplq;fSf;Fk; 8 fope;J
10 epkplq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; vj;jid
epkplq;fs; cs;sd? (5 epkplq;fs;)
2 fope;J 5 epkplq;fSf;Fk; 2 fope;J
15 epkplq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; vj;jid
epkplq;fs; cs;sd? (10 epkplq;fs;)
4 fope;J 10 epkplq;fSf;Fk; 6 fope;J
30 epkplq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; vj;jid
epkplq;fs; cs;sd? (20 epkplq;fs;)
khztu; tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;
vdTk ; ru pahf ek ;g pf ;ifAld ;
t pilas pf ; f pd ; wdu ; vd ; gJk ;
cWjpahFk; tiuapy; ,t;thwhd
tpdhf;fis tpdhTq;fs;. NkYk;
fope;j fhyj;ijf; fhz;gjw;fhd
gpd;tUk; vLj;Jf;fhl;il itj;Jf;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
VNjDnkhU fhupaj;ijr; nra;Ak;
NghJ mjw;fhf fhyk; nrytplg;
gLfpwJ vd;gij tpsq;fg;gLj;J
tjw;Fk; nrytplg;gl;l fhyj;ijf;
fzpg;gjw;Fk; fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s
tpjkhd gpurpdj;ij khztUf;F
Kd;itAq;fs;. khztUld; fye;Jiu
ahbg; gpurpdj;ijj; jPUq;fs;.
kjd; Kw;gfy; 6.30 ,w;F tPl;by;
,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L Kw;gfy; 7.25 ,w;F
ghlrhiyia mile;jhd;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: fopfopfopfopfope;je;je;je;je;j fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk;
$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
122Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
mtDf;F tPl;by; ,Ue;J ghlrhiyf;Fr;
nry;tjw;F vLj;j fhyk; vt;tsT ?
kjd; tPl;by; ,Ue;J
Gwg;gl;l Neuk; } Kw;gfy; 6.30
mtd; ghlrhiyia
mile;j Neuk; } Kw;gfy; 7.25
mtd; ghlrhiyia miltjw;F
vLj;j fhyk;> mtd; gazj;ijj;
njhlq;fpa Neuj;jpw;Fk; gazj;ij
Kbj;j Neuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s
tpj ;j pahrk ; MFk; . nrytope ;j
fhyj ;ijg ; g pd ;tUk ; t pjj ;j py ;
fhzyhk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Kw;gfy; 7.25 - Kw;gfy; 6.30
mjhtJ 55 epkplq;fs;.
NgUe;njhd;W Kw;gfy; 10.15 ,w;F
nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L gpw;gfy;
1.00 ,w;F fhypia mile;jJ.
mg;gazj;jpw;F nrytplg;gl;l fhyk;
vt;tsT?
(Kw;gfy; 10.15 ,ypUe;J ez;gfy;
12 tiuapy; 1 kzpj;jpahyKk; 45
epkplKk; mjpypUe;J xU kzpj;jp-
ahyKk; fope ;jd. nkhj ;jkhf
2 kzpj;jpahyk; 45 epkplq;fs;
fope ;jd vdf; fz;Lgpbg ;gjw;F
khztUf;F cjTq;fs;.)
Nkw ;Fw p g ; g p l ; l rfy fhy
vy;iyfisAk; xU Neuj;jpy; ,Ue;J
mLj;j Neuk; tiuapy; Kd;Ndhf;fp
vz;Ztjd; %yk; fz;Lgpbf ;f
KbAk; . fopj ;jy ; %yKk; fhy
vy;iyfisf; fz;L gpbf;f KbAk;
vd khztUf ;Ff ; fhl ;Lq ;fs ; .
,yf;ff; fbfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;
%yKk; ,k;Kiw ,yFthFk;.
gpw;gfy; 1.00 13 ( 00 kzpj;jpahyk;
Kw;gfy; 10'15 10 ( 15 kzpj;jpahyk;
,t;tpU Neuq;fSf;fpilNa fope;j
fhyj;ij Fiwe;j Neuj;jpy; ,Ue;J
$ba Neuk; tiuapy; Kd;Ndhf;fp
Neuj ;ijf ; $l ;Ltjd ; %yk ;
fhzKbAk;. 11 tiuapy; 45 epkplq;fs;
MFk;. ,dp 11 ,ypUe;J 13 tiuapy;
2 kzpj;jpahyk; 45 epkplq;fshFk;.
,d;ndhU Kiw $ba Neuj;jpy;
,Ue ;J Fiwe ;j Neuj ;ijf ;
fopj;jyhFk;. gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpy;
NkypUe;J fPohf vOjpdhy; mJ
nfhz ;L tUjYlhd fo pj ; j -
nyhd ; w hFk ; . fo pe ; j fhyk ;
2 kzpj;jpahyk; 45 epkplq;fshFk;.
kzpj;jpahyk; epkplk;
13 0010 1502 45
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; tpdhnthd;W
tPjk; Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1. Kw ;gfy; 8.00 ,w ;F ghlrhiy
njhlq;FfpwJ. Kw;gfy; 10.00 ,w;F
,ilNtis toq;fg;gLfpwJ. mJ
tiuapy; vt;tsT fhyk; Ntiy
nra;ag;gl;lJ?
2. ePq;fs; gpw;gfy; 2.30 ,w;F tPl;Lf;Fr;
nrd;W gpw;gfy; 4.00 ,w;F NjePu;
mUe;j pd Pu ;fs; . Nje Pu ; mUe;Jk ;
tiuapy; tPl ;by; ,Ue;j fhyk;
vt;tsT?
3. gpw;gfy; 5.15 ,ypUe;J gpw;gfy; 7.00
tiu tPl;L Ntiyiar; nra;jPu;fs;.
vt ;tsT Neuk ; t Pl ;L Ntiy
nra;jPu;fs;?
4. gpw;gfy; 8.00 ,w;F ,uT czit
cz;Ltpl;L gpw;gfy; 9.15 ,w;F
epj;jpiuf;Fr; nrd;Nwd;. mt;tpU
Neuq;fSf;F ,ilNa vt;tsT
fhyk; fope;jJ?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
123 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
gpurpdq;fis gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
vOjpj ; j Pu ;f ;FkhW khztuplk ;
$Wq;fs;.
FOf ;fspilNa fye ;Jiuahb>
xt;nthUtUk; Njitahd tpjj;jpy;
cjt pfs ; nra ;tjw ;F to p g ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
gpurpdq;fis FOf;fspilNa khw;wpf;
nfhs;tjw;F MNyhrid $Wq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; FOf;fSf;F gpurpdq;-
fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1. NgUe;njhd;W 10.00 kzpj;jp-
ahyj;jpw;F jpUNfhzkiyapy;
,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L 14.30 kzpj;jp-
ahyj;jpw ;F nghydWitia
mile;jJ. mg;gazj;jpw ;Fr ;
nrytplg;gl;l fhyk; vt;tsT?
2. ngz; xUtu; 11.30 kzpj;jp-
ahyj;jpw;F Nkhl;lhu; irf;fpspy;
jdJ tPl;by; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L
13.15 kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;F efuj;ij
mile;jhs;. mts; gazj;jpw;Fr;
nrytpl;l fhyk; vt;tsT?
3. Mfha tpkhdnkhd;W 07.45 ,w;F
fl;Lehaf;fh ru;tNjr tpkhd
epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L
,yq;if Neuk; rupahf 10.15
,w;F GJ by;ypia mile;jJ.
mg; gazj;jpw;F vLj;j fhyk;
vt;tsT?
4. Mfha tpkhdnkhd;W K.g 7.50
,w;F Gwg;gl;L K.g 9.00 ,w;F
khiyj ;j Pit mile ;jJ .
mg;gazj;jpw;F vLj;j fhyk;
vt;tsT?
5. FOnthd ;W 10 . 2 5 kzpf ;F
rptndhspghjkiy VWtjw;F
njhlq;fp 16.10 kzpf;F cr;rpia
mile;jJ. mf;FOtpdu; kiy
VWtjw;F vLj;j fhyk; vt;tsT?
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nky;yf ; fw ;Nghiu Kw;gfy; >
g pw ;gfy ; kzpj ;j pahyq ;fSf ; -
fpilNa fopAk; fhyj;ij kl;Lk;
fhz;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
kPj;jpwd; cilNahiuf;> fope;j
fhyj;ijAk; (vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 4.30
kz pj ; j pahyk ; ) mile ; j
Neuj;ijAk; Kd;itj;J (14.30
kzpj;jpahyk;) gazk; njhlq;fpa
Neuj;ijf; (vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 10.00
kz pj ; j pahyk ; ) fhz ; gjw ;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
njhlq;fpa Kbe;j fope;j
Neuk; Neuk; fhyk;
- √ √
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
124Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ yPw;wu; ³ nfhs;ssT
³ mDkhdk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ePu; epug;gg;gl;lg; ghj;jpunkhd;W.
³ GdYk; ePiu Cw;Wtjw;F Vw;w
rpwpa Nfhg;igAk;
³ 3 yPw;wu; tiuapyhd nfhs;ssT
nfhz;l gy;NtW tbtpyhd
ghj;jpuq;fs;.
³ yPw;wu; msTr;rhb / yPw;wu; msT
Fwpf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpuk;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
yPw;wu; njhlu;ghf khztu; ftdk;
nrYj;Jk; tpjkhd tpdhf;fis
tpdtpAk;> vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis Kd;itj;Jk;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
t Pl ; bw ;Fg ; gy ;NtW j p utg ;
nghUl ; fis y Pw ; w u ; fs py ;
thq;FfpNwhk;. ,dpg;Gg; ghdq;fs;>
ghy; vd;gtw;wpd; yPw;wu; msT
Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vupnghUs;
e pug ;Gk ; e piyaq;fspy ; vu p
nghUis yPw;wu; mstpNyNa
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
khztu; gq;fspg ;Gld; msj;jy;>
rhbnahd;wpy; xU yPw;wu; ePiu mse;J
vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. me;ePupd; msT
ed ;F nju paf ; $bat pjkhf
fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thW xt;nthU yPw;wu; ePiuAk;
mse;J gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; cs;s
ghj;jpuq;fspy; Cw;Wq;fs;. mjd;gb>
xt;nthU yPw;wu; ePu;> gy;NtW tifapy;
gy ;NtW tbtq ;fs py ; mike ;j
ghj;jpuq;fspy; vt;thW ,lg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;fpwJ vd;gij mtjhdpg;gjw;F
khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
xU yPw;wiu tpl rpwpJ mjpfkhd
my;yJ Fiwthd ePiu Nkw;$wg;gl;l
ghj;jpuk; xd;wpy; Cw;Wq;fs;. ,g;NghJ
mjpYs;s ePupd; msit mDkhdpg;
gjw;F ahuhy; KbAk; vd tpdTq;fs;.
khztu; rpyu; $Wk; tpilfisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,J jtpu NtW
tpilfs; ,Ug;gpd; Kd;itg;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
mtu ;fs ; $w pa mDkhdq ;fs ;
msTf;Fr ; ru pahdJ vd;gijf ;
fhz;gjw;F msTr; rhbiaf; nfhz;L>
ePiu mse;J fhl;Lq;fs;.
,uz;L yPw;wUf;F / %d;W yPw;wUf;Ff;
Fiwe;j / $ba re ;ju ;g ;gq ;fs ;
njhlu;ghf mDgtq;fisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs ;tjw ;F > khztiu to pg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ghj;jpuk;
xd;Wk ; msTr; rhbnahd;Wk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;
$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;ssTfisnfhs;ssTfisnfhs;ssTfisnfhs;ssTfisnfhs;ssTfis
mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
22 22 22 22 22
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
125 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd ml;ltiz-
nahd ;iwj ; jkJ ga pw ; r p g ;
Gj ;jfj ;j py ; tiue ;Jnfhs ;s
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ghj;jpuk; mDkhdpj;j cz;ikahd
msT msT
1' yPw;wu; 2 yPw;wu; 2 I tplr;
rpwpJ FiwT
2'3'
4'
5'
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 1 yPw;wu;>
2 yPw;wu;> 3 yPw;wu; msTfis
mDkhd pg ; gjw ;F Vw ; wthW
jahupj;Jf;nfhz;l ePu;g;ghj;jpuk;
xd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
midtUk; Nrue;J ePupd; msit
mse;J ghu;j ;J> cz;ikahd
msitf; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F
MNyhrid toq;Fq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ yPw;wu; ³ kpy;ypyPw;wu;
³ nfhs;ssT ³ mDkhdk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ePu; epuk;gpa ghj;jpuk;.
³ 10ml ,w;Fk; 1000ml ,w;Fk;
,ilNa nfhs;ssTs;s gy;NtW
tbtq;fspYk; gy;NtW msT
fspYkhd ghj;jpuq;fs;.
³ 10ml msTkl;lk; Fwpf;fg;gl;l
ghj;jpuq;fs; (FOTf;F xd;W)
³ GdYk; msj;jy; rhbAk;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
kpy;ypyPw;wu; msT gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
re;ju;g;gq;fs; njhlu;ghd kdf;fzpj
tpdhf;fis tpdtp Muk;gpAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Nje P u ; f ; Nfhg ;ignahd ;W
nfhs;Sk; ePupd; msT 100 ml Itplf; $bajh> Fiwe;jjh?
kpfr; rpwpa ghdg; Nghj;jnyhd;W
nfhs;Sk; msT vt;tsthf
,Uf;Fk;?
cq;fs; ePu;g; Nghj;jy; xd;W
nfhs;Sk; ePupd; msT vj;jid
kpy;ypyPw;wuhFk;?
ePu;g; ghj;jpuj;ijf; FOf;fSf;Fs;
khw ;w pf ; nfhz;L> xt ;nthU
FOTf;Fk; Ie;J msf;Fk; re;ju;g;
gq;fshtJ fpilf;ff; $bathW
nraw ;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;Jr ;
nry;Yq;fs;.
fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ> FOf;fSf;Fr ; nrd;W
Njitahd to pfhl ; liy
khztUf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
y Pw ;wu ; msnthd;Wf ;F rpw pJ
FiwT/ rpwpJ mjpfk; vd;gijj;
jPu;khdpg;gjw;F ,ayhj khztu;fs;
cs;sduh vd;gij mtjhdpj;Jg;
ghUq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:kpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpkpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpkpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpkpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpkpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpg ;g ;g ;g ;g ; gy gy gy gy gy;NtW ;NtW ;NtW ;NtW ;NtW tifahdtifahdtifahdtifahdtifahd
ghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;Jghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;Jghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;Jghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;Jghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;J
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
126Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
100 kpy;ypyPw;wu; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
ghj ;j p unkhd ;iw khztUf ;Ff ;
fhl;Lq;fs;. mg;ghj;jpuj;jpd; kPJ
Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kl;lj;jpw ;F ePu ;
tUk;NghJ mjpy; 100 kpy;ypyPw;wu; ePu;
mlq;fp cs;snjd tpsf;Fq;fs;.
r u pahf xU y Pw ; w u ; mlq ;Fk ;
ghj ;j p unkhd ;iw khztUf ;Ff ;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
milahskplg;gl;l ghj;jpuj;jpdhy;
100 kpy;ypyPw;wu; tPjk; ePu; epug;gp yPw;wu;
ghj;jpuk; epug;Gk; tiuapy; ,l;lhy;
vj;jid jlitfs; ,l Ntz;Lk; vd
mDkhdpg;gjw;F khztiu topg;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
mtu;fsJ mDkhdj;ijf; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOjp ePq;fs; 10ml FwpaPLtiuapy; epug;gp yPw;wu; ghj;jpuj;jpy;
,Lk;NghJ mtu;fs; cq;fSld;
Nru;e;J vz;ZkhW $Wq;fs;.
yPw;wu; ghj;jpuj;ij epug;Gtjw;F ePq;fs;
100ml msitapdhy; gj;J jlitfs;
,l ;Bu ;fs ; vd mtu ;fs; fz;L-
gpbj;jpUg;ghu;fs;.
y Pw ;wu ; ghj ;jpuj ;j py ; xU yPw ;wu ;
mlq;Fnkd tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vdNt gj;J 100ml (1000ml) xU
yPw;wUf;Fr; rkdhFk; vd tpsq;fg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
xU yPw;wu; 100 kpy;ypyPw;wUf;Fr;
rkdhFk;. ,e;j msit vOJtJ
vt;thW vd;gij khztUf;Ff ;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
1l rkd; 1000 ml (1 l = 1000 ml)
,U 500ml, 1000ml my;yJ 1 yPw;wu;
MFk;. ehd;F 250ml 1000ml my;yJ
1 yPw;wu; MFk;. miu yPw;wu; 500 mlvdTk; fhy; yPw;wu; 250ml vdTk;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fpl;ba 100ml ,w;F msj;jy;.
khztUf;F 3 my;yJ 4 rpwpa
ghj;jpuq;fisf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
Kd ;tUk ; khztnuhUtUf ;F
mtw;iw kpfr ; r pw pajpy ; (kpff ;
Fiwthff; nfhs;Sk;) ,Ue;J kpfg;
ngupaJ (kpff; $Ljyhff; nfhs;Sk;)
tiuapy; xOq;FgLj;jp itf;FkhW
$Wq;fs;.
100 ml msitapdhy; xt;nthU
ghj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; vj;jid jlitfs;
Cw;w Ntz;Lk; vd mDkhdpf;FkhW
khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
mtu;fspd; mDkhdq;fs; rpytw;iwf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
100 ml msitia epug;gp KjyhtJ
ghj;jpuj;jpy; Cw;Wtjw;F Kd;tUk;
khztnuhUtUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
jlitfs pd ; vz ;z pf ;ifia
vz ;Ztjw ;F tFg ; g py ; cs ;s
kw;wtu;fsplk; cjtpiag; ngwyhk;.
,JNghyNt kw;iwa ghj;jpuq;fSk;
nfhs;Sk; msT gw;wpa mtu;fsJ
mDkhdq;fisr; nrt;it ghu;g;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;ig %d;W my;yJ ehd;F Ngu;
nfhz;l FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; 100ml ,w;Fk;1000ml ,w;Fk; ,ilNa nfhs;ss
Ts;s 6 ghj;jpuq;fis toq;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; 100ml msT
xt;nthd;Wk; e Pu ; e pug ;gg ;gl ;l
ghj;jpunkhd;Wk; toq;Fq;fs;.
mtu ; fs ; mDkhd pj ; jthW
$Ljyhff; nfhs;Sk; ghj;jpuj;jpy;
,Ue;J Fiwthff; nfhs;Sk;
ghj ;j p uk ; tiua py ; KiwNa
mg;ghj;jpuq;fis itg;gJ mtu;
fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; rthy; MFk;
vd khztu;fSf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
l ,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL
ml ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu; ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu; ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu; ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu; ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu;
fhl ;lg ;gLfpwJfhl;lg ;gLfpwJfhl;lg ;gLfpwJfhl;lg ;gLfpwJfhl;lg ;gLfpwJ
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
127 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
(,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf xt;nthU
ghj ; j p uj ; j p w ;Fk ; ,yf ;fk p l
(1 ,ypUe;J 6 tiuapy;) Ntz;Lk;
vdf ; $Wq ;fs ; . mLj ;jjhf
xt ;nthU ghj ; j p uj ;ijAk ;
epug;Gtjw;F 100 ml msitapy;
e Piu vj ; jid jlitfs ;
Cw ;wNtz;Lk ; vd mtu ;fs ;
mDkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.)
msj;jYf;F Kd;du; mtu;fs;
nra;j mDkhdq;fis vOjpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd khzt
Uf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
xt ; nthU ghj ; j p uj ; j pdJk ;
nfhs;ssitf; fpl;ba 100 mltiuapy; msg;gjw;F rfy khztu;-
fSk ; Kd ;te ;J g p ;d ;tUk ;
ml;ltizia epug;GkhW $Wq;fs;.
ghj;jpuk; mDkhdk; cz;ik msT
1 2 3 4 5 6
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
rfy FOf;fSk; msg;gjw ;F
Kd;du; mDkhdpj;Js;sduh vd
Nrhjpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.
khztu ; cu pathW ru pahf
epug;Gfpd;wduh> Cw;Wfpd;wduh>
jlitfspd ; vz ;zpf ;ifia
vz;Zfpd;wduh> fpl;ba 100ml,w;F msf;fpd;wduh vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
FO Ntiyia epiwT nra;jjd;
gpd; mtu;fs; jhk; fz;Lgpbj;jit
gw;wp tFg;gpYs;s kw;wtu;fSf;Ff;
$Wtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Ntnwhd;iw tplg; ngaupJ vd
mtu;fs; fUJk; ghj;jpunkhd;W
cz;ika py ; r p w paJ vdf ;
fz;Lgpbj;jy; Nghd;w vjpu;ghuhj
VNjDk; epfo;e;jjh?
kpfr; rupahf mDkhdpj;jJ ve;jf;
FO?
mDkhdp ;g ;gjw ;Ff ; fbdkhd
ghj;jpuq;fs; ,Ue;jdth? (rpy
Ntisfs py ; mDkhdKk ;
msitAk; kpfTk; NtWgl;bUf;
fyhk;.)
mDkhdpg;gjw;F fbdkhf ,Ue;jJ
Vd ; vd ;gijg ; ghj ;j p uj ;j pd ;
tbtj;ijg; ghu;j;J tptupg;gjw;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
rpy ghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssitf;
fhl ;Lk ; tu p g ; glq ; fs ; f P No
jug;gl;Ls;sd. mjw;Nfw;g tpd
tg ; gl ;Ls ;s t pdhf ; fSf ;F
t pilas pg ; gjw ;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
A B C D
1. Nghj ;jy ; D I epug ;Gtjw ;F
Nghj;jy; C ,dhy; vj;jid
jlitfs; ePu; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?
2. Nghj ;jy ; D I epug ;Gtjw ;F
Nghj;jy; B ,dhy; vj;jid
jlitfs; ePu; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?
3. Nghj ;jy ; D I epug ;Gtjw ;F
Nghj;jy; A ,dhy; vj;jid
jlitfs; ePu; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?
4. Nghj ;jy ; C I epug ;Gtjw ;F
Nghj;jy; A ,dhy; vj;jid
jlitfs; ePu; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?
5. Nghj ; jy ; CI e p ug ; Gtjw ;F
Nghj;jy; B ,dhy; vj;jid
jlitfs; ePu; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?
6. Nghj;jy;fs; B,C Mfpa ,uz;b
dhYk; Nghj;jy; DI vt;thW
epug;gyhk;?
100 ml 250 ml 500 ml 1000 ml
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
128Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOr ;nraw ;ghl ;bw ;fhf FO
nthd;wpw;F xt;nthd;W tPjk;
nfhs;ssT Fwpf;fg;gl;l gpd;tUk;
t pjkhd ghj ; j p uq ; fs pd ;
cUtq;fs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
kpy;ypyPw;wUf;Fk; yPw;wUf;Fk; ,ilNa
cs ;s njhlu ;ig khztUf ;F
epidTgLj;Jtjw;Fg; gpd;tUkhwhd
tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.
xU yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;
cs;sd?
miu yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;yp
yPw;wu; cs;sd?
1 yPw;wu; Nghj;jnyhd;iw
epug;Gtjw;F 250 mlnfhs;ssTs;s Nfhg;ig
nahd;wpdhy; vj;jid jlitfs;
Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?
1 yPw;wu; Nghj;jnyhd;iw
epug;Gtjw;F 100 mlnfhs;ssTs;s Nfhg;ig
nahd;wpdhy; vj;jid jlitfs;
Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?
2 yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;
cs;sd?
1 yPw;wu; 500 kpy;ypyPw;wupy;
vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu; cs;sd?
3 000 kpy;ypyPw;wupy; vj;jid
yPw;wu; cs;sd?
1 yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;
cs;sd?
(1 500 ml mjhtJ 1 000 ml +500 ml )2 500 ml ,y; vj;jid yPw;wu;
cs;sd? (2 )
1 yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;
cs;sd?
(1 250 ml mjhtJ 1 000 ml + 250 ml)1 yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;
cs;sd? (1 750 mjhtJ
100 ml + 750 ml my;yJ 250 ml mFk;.
1 750 ml ,y; vj;jid yPw;wu;
cs;sd?
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gpurpdk; xd;iw
khztu; Kd;itAq;fs;.
ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; 4l 535 ml ghYk;
,d;ndhU ghj;jpuj;jpy; 5l 680 ml ghYk;
cs;sd. ,U ghj;jpuq;fspYk; cs;s
ghypd; nkhj;j msT ahJ?
vt;thW tpiliaf; fhzyhk; vd;gij
tpdTq;fs;.
mjidg; g pd ;tUkhW fhzyhk;
vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;
njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk; 3
3l 320 ml 7l 800 ml
8l 725 ml4l 715 ml
2l 250 ml5l 560 ml
1
2
1
21
4
3
4
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
129 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
l mlKjyhtJ ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s
ghypd; msT } 4 535,uz;lhtJ ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s
ghypd; msT } 5 680,U ghj;jpuq;fspYk; cs;s
ghypd; msT } 10 215
(,q;F 1 000 ml, I 1 l Mf yPw;wu;
epuYf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;yiy
tpsf;Fq;fs;)
,t;thwhd fopj;jy;; gpurpdq;fis
Kd;itj;J khztUld; fye;Jiu
ahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps; xd;wpy; gazk;
njhlq;Fk;NghJ 7l 500 ml vupnghUs;,Ue;jJ. gazk; Kbtile;jNghJ
vQ;rp ,Ue;j vupnghUspd; msT 4 l850 ml MFk ; . gazj ;j p w ; f hf
nrytope;j vupnghUspd; msT ahJ?
l mlgazk; njhlq;Fk;NghJ ,Ue;j
vupnghUspd; msT } 7 500
gazj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; ,Ue;j
vupnghUspd; msT } 4 850
nrytope;j vupnghUspd;
msT } 2 650
(,q;F 1l, 1000ml Mf kpy;ypyPw;wu;
e p uYf ;Ff ; nfhz ;L nry ;yiy
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
mtrpakhapd; NkYk; rpy vLj;Jf;-
fhl;Lfs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu 4 my;yJ 6 Ngu ;
nfhz;l FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
ghj;jpuq;fspd; cUf;fs; tiuag;-
gl;l ml;ilfisf; FOf;fspilNa
gfpu;e;jspAq;fs;.
khztu; ,UtupUtuhfr; Nru;e;J
vOkhw;whf ,U ml;ilfis vLj;J
mtw ;w pYs ;s ghj ;j p uq ;fs pd ;
nfhs;ssTfspd; $l;Lj; njhif-
iaAk; tpj;jpahrj;ijAk; jdpj;-
jdpahff; fhz topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
jkJ t pilfisr ; nrt ;it
ghu;j;Jf;; fye;Jiuahbf; fz;lwpa
Ntz;Lk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W ,lu;g;gLk;
khztUf;Fj; Njitahd cjtp
fis toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
130Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ rJuKfp ³ cUis
³ fdTU ³ Nfhsk;
³ gf;fk; ³ jl;il
³ tise;j ³ tl;ltbtk;
³ nrt;tfk;
³ %iy
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ nrt;tf tbthd Kfq;fisf;
nfhz;l ngl ;bfs ; my ;yJ
igf;fw;Wf;fs;
³ vy;yh Kfq;fSk; rJu tbtkhf
cs;s rpy ngl;bfs;
³ rpy igf;fw;Wf;fSk; rpy Nfhs-
tbtg; nghUs;fSk;
³ cUis tbthd rpy cgfu-
zq;fs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
jpz;kq;fs; gw;wp ,Jtiuapy; khztu;
mwpe;Js;s tplaq;fisf; fye;Jiu-
ahLq;fs;.
jlitnahd;Wf;F xU nghUs; tPjk;
fhl ;b> Kbe ;j tiuapy ; mjd;
tbtj;ij tptupf;FkhW Kd;tU-
NthUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> ngl;bnahd;wpy;
jl;ilahd Kfq;fs; cs;sd. mjd;
Kfnkhd;wpd; tbtk; nrt;tfkhFk;.
Ngzpnahd;wpy; tl;ltbtkhd Kfk;
cs;sJ Nghd;w tptuq;fs;.
ru pahd gjq ;fis khztUf;F
e pidTgLj ;Jtjw ; f hf rJuk ; >
nrt;tfk;> Kf;Nfhzp> tl;lk; Nghd;w
nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
nrq;Nfhzk; njhlu;ghf khztUf;F
epidTgLj ;j p rJuKfp > fdTU
Mfpatw;w py ; cs;s nrq;Nfhz
%iyfis ,dq; fhz;gjw;F topg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
rJuKfp > fdTU Mfpatw ;w pd ;
tpspk;Gfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,uz;L Kfq;fs; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk;
(,izAk ; ) t ps pk ; G vd ; gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
rJuKfp > fdTU vd ;gtw ;iwf ;
f pilahfTk ; e piyf ;Fj ;jhfTk ;
iffshy ; njhl ;Lg ; g h u ; j ;J >
,dq ;fhz ; gjw ;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
rJuKfp> cUis vd;gtw ;iwf ;
fhz;gpj;J mtw;wpd; tpspk;Gfis
,dq ;fhz ; gjw ;F khztUf ;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fdTUtpd; tpspk;Gfs; nrq;Nfhz
tbtkhdJ> cUisapd; tpspk;G
tl;ltbtkhdJ vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
rJuKfp> ehd;Kfp Nghd;w jpz;kq;fspd;
tpspk;Gfis ,dq;fhzTk; mtw;wpd;
vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhzTk; khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
rJuKfp> fdTU vd;gtw;iwf; fhl;b>
mtw;wpy; fhZk; xw;Wik Ntw;Wik-
fis tptupf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: j pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj ;j ;j ;j ;j ; jstbtq ;fs pd ; jstbtq ;fs pd ; jstbtq ;fs pd ; jstbtq ;fs pd ; jstbtq ;fs pd ;
gz;Gfis tpgz;Gfis tpgz;Gfis tpgz;Gfis tpgz;Gfis tptttttupg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : jpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpjpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpjpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpjpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpjpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tptttttupg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.
jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.
jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
23 23 23 23 23
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
131 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,uz;L jpz;kq;fspYk; nrq;Nfhz
tpspk;GfSk; jl;ilahd Nkw;gug;Gk;;
,Ug ;gij khztu plk ; ,Ue ;J
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;. rJuKfpapd; gf;fq;fs;
rkdhdit. mj;Jld; rJukhdit
vd;gij mtjhdpf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fdTU> rJuKfp Mfpatw ;w pd ;
tpspk;Gfs;> gf;fq;fs; (Kfq;fs;)
Mf patw ;w pd ; vz;zpf ;ifiaf ;
fhZkhW $Wq;fs;.
cUis> Nfhsk; vd;gtw;iw xg;gpl;L
tptupf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ,Utu; my;yJ %tu;
nfhz;l FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; fdTU>
rJuKfp > cUis> ehd ;Kfp >
Nfhsk; Nghd;w jpz;kq;fspy;
xd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztUk; iffisg;
gpd;dhy; itj;J mku;e;jpUf;f>
kw;nwhUtu; mtdJ / mtsJ
ifapy; xU jpz;kj;ij itg;ghu;.
mj;jpz;kj;ij iffshy; jltpg;
ghu ;j ;J mjd; gz;Gfs; gw;wp
tpgupj;J mjd; ngaiuAk; $w
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xU jpz;k cUtj;ij toq;fp
mjid tptupf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
mjd; gf;fq;fs; vj;jid? mit
rkdhditah? gf ; fq ;fs ;
jl ;ilahdjh> tise;Js;sjh
Nghd;w tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.
mj;jpz;kq;fspy; nrq;Nfhzq;fis
,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf mjd; xU
gf;fj;jpy; vj;jid nrq;Nfhzq;fs;
cs;sd Nghd;w tpdhf;fis tpdt
Ntz;Lk ; vd ;gij e pidtpw ;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
xt;nthU jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu
fzpj tbtq;fspdJk; gz;Gfisg;
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf; nfhs;s
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
jhaf;fl;il> nrq;fy; vd;gtw;iwg;
gad;gLj;jpg; gpd;tUk; ml;lt-
izia epug;Gq;fs;.;
tpspk;Gfspd;
vz;zpf;if
Kfq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if
nrt;tf tbt
Kfq;fspd;
vz;zpf;ifjpz;kk;
fdTU
rJuKfp
Nfhsj;jpw;F tpspk;G>
Kfk; vd;gd ,y;iy.
mjw;F tise;j
Nkw;gug;G cz;L.
cUisf;F
,uz;L rkdhd
Kfq;fSk;
tise;j
Nkw;gug;Gk;
cz;L
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
132Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ rJuk; ³ nrt;tfk;
³ tl;lk; ³ Kf;Nfhzk;
³ jsk; ³ tpspk;G
³ epiyf;Fj;J ³ fpil
³ nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzp
³ Kfq;fs;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ mwpKfj;jpw;Fk; FOr; nraw;-
ghl;bw;Fk; ghlk; 1 ,y; gad;-
gLj;jpa tbtq;fs; mtrpakhFk;.
³ tbtq;fspd; njhFjpnahd;W.
(mtw;wpd; fPo; njspthf mtw;wpd;
fzpjQ;rhu; ngau;fs; vOjg;gl;l
rJuk ; > nrt ;tfk ; > tl ;lk ; >
Kf;Nfhzp Mfpatw;wpd; ngupa
cUf;fs;.)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
rpy tbtq;fspd; ngau;fisAk;
gz;GfisAk; kPl;Lq;fs;.
Ngzpnahd;iwf;; fhl;b mt;tbtj;jpd;
ngaiuf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;. (cUis) tl;l
tbtkhd Kfq;fisf; fhl;b mtw;wpd;
tbtk; ahJ vd tpdhTq;fs;. (tl;lk;)
tl;l tbtk; kw;Wk; tl;lk; my;yhj
tbtj;jpd; NtWghl;il tpsq;fg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;. tl;lk; tiuag;gll
ml;ilia fUk;gyifapy; fhl;rpg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
tl;lk;
fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tbtj;ijf;
fUk;gyifapy; tiue;J mJ tl;lk;
my;y vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.
ngl;bnahd;iwf; fhl;b mJ vt;thW
miof;fg;gLk; vd tpdhTq;fs;. (mjd;
gf;fq;fs; ahTk; xNu rkkw;witahfTk;
vjpu;g;gf;fq;fs; rkdhditahapd; mJ
fdTU MFk ; . ) rJuKf pf ;Fk ;
fdTUtpw ;Fk ; ,ilNaAs ;s
tpj;jpahrj;ij epidT+l;Lq;fs;.
rJu tbtkhd Kfj;ijf; fhl;b>
mjd; tbtj;jpd; ngaiuf; $WkhW
khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;. rJunkhd;wpd;
gf;fq;fs; ahTk; ePsj;jpy; rkkhdit
vd khztUf;F epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
mt;thNw rJunkhd;w py ; ehd;F
nrq;Nfhz %iyfs; cs;sd.
rJu tbtk ; tiuag ; gl ;Ls ;s
ml;iliaf; fUk;gyifapy; fhl;rpg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
rJuk;
gpd;tUk; tbtj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;
tiue;J mJ rJuk; my;y vd
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
rJuk; my;y
fdTU tbtj;jpyhd ngl;biaj;
J}f ;f pf ; fhl ;b mjd ; nrt ;tf
Kfnkhd;iwf; fhl;Lq;fs;. mt;-
tbtj;jpd; ngaiu tpdTq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;Ljpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;Ljpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;Ljpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;Ljpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;L
ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
133 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrt;tfnkhd;wpy; ,U rkdhd ePz;l
gf;fq;fSk; ,U rkdhd FWfpa
gf ;fq ;fSk; cs;sd vd;gijj ;
njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.
nrt;tfnkhd;wpy; ehd;F nrq;Nfhz
%iyfs; cs;sd vdTk; tpsf;F-
q;fs;.
nrt ;tf tbtk ; tiuag ; gl ; l
ml;iliaf; fUk;gyifapy fhl;rpg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
nrt;tfk;
fPOs;s tbtj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;
tiue;J mJ nrt;tfk; my;y vd
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
nrt;tfk; my;y
ehd;Kfp my;yJ nrq;Nfhz %iy
cs;s ngl;biaf; fhl;b mjd; tbtk;
Kf ; Nfhz p vd t psf ;Fq ;fs ; .
Kf ; Nfhz tbt ml ;iliaf ;
fUk;gyifapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Kf;Nfhzp
nrt;tfk;> rJuk;> Kf;Nfhzp Mfpa
jstbtq;fis gy gf;fq;fSf;Fk;
jpUg;gp itj;J mtw;wpd; tbtk; gw;wpa
mwpit NkYk; gjpAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
KOr; nraw;ghLKOr; nraw;ghLKOr; nraw;ghLKOr; nraw;ghLKOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU FOTf;Fk;
rJuKfp> fdTU> cUis> ehd;Kfp
Mfpa jpz;kq;fisNah my;yJ
mt;tbtpyhd gy;NtW cgfuzq;-
fisNah toq;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz tiuag;gl;l
jhs; xd;iw toq;fp> xt;nthU
khztUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;
tpjkhfr; nraw;gl;L ml;ltiziag;
G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
jpz;kk; Kfq;fs;
rJuKfp rJuk;
fdTU nrt;tfk;> rJuk;
cUis ........................
Kf;Nfhzp mupak; ........................
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
NkNyAs ;s ml ;ltiziag ;
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy; gpujpnra;J
nfhs;SkhW khztu;fSf;Ff;
$Wq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
134Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ nrt;tfk; ³ fdTU
³ rJuKfp ³ ehd;Kfp
³ tiyAU
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ fhfpjj; jhs; ³ ngd;rpy;
³ Neu;tpspk;Gk; fj;jupf;NfhYk;
³ gir ³ nrNyhNlg;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
kdf;fzpjj;jpw;fhfr; rJuKfp> fdTU
njhlu ; ghd r py t pdhf ;fis
khztUf;F Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
rJuKfp; xd;wpw;F vj;jid Kfq;fs;
cs;sd?
Kfnkhd;wpy; cs;s nrq;Nfhzq;fs;
vj;jid?
mbkl;lnkhd;w pd ; mfyj;j pw ;Fr ;
rkdhf ,Uf;FkhW gpd;tUkhW
jhnshd;wpy; Neu;NfhLfs; tiuAq;fs;.
fPOs;sthW jhis kw;w gf;fkhfj;
j pUg ; g p njhlu ; r ; r pa hd rJu
Nfhynkhd;W fpilf;ff;$bathW
jhspd; FWf;Nf Neu;tpspk;gpd; mfyj;-
jpw;Fr; rkdhf rkhe;ju NfhLfs;
tiuAq;fs;. mjid khztupilNa
fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fj ;ju pf ;Nfhypdhy ; 6 rJuq ;fs ;
nfhz;l fPynkhd;iw ntl;b vLq;fs;.
rJuKfpnahd;wpy; 6 Kfq;fs; cs;sd
vd epidTgLj;Jq;fs;. ,g;gf;fq;fs;
xt;nthd;Wk; rJuq;fshFk;.
fhfpjf; fPyj;ijf; fhl;b mjpy; 6
rJuq ;fs ; cs ;sd vd ; gijf ;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
rJuKfpnahd;iwg; ngwf; $bathW
fhfpjf; fPyj;ij kbf;f Kaw;rpf;FkhW
Kd ;tUk ; khztnuhUtUf ;Ff ;
$Wq;fs;.
fhfpjf;fPyj;ijf; nfhz;L rJuKfp-
nahd;iwr; nra;a ,ayhJ.
NkYs;sthwhd xU tbtj ;ij
ntl;bnaLq;fs;.
,t;tbtj;ijf; nfhz;L rJuKfp-
nahd;iw Mf;f KbAk; vd;gijr;
nra;Jfhl;Lq;fs;.
,t;thwhd cU ,U gupkhz cU vd
miof;fg;gLk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ,U gupkhz ,U gupkhz ,U gupkhz ,U gupkhz ,U gupkhz jsjsjsjsjstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfptbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfptbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfptbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfptbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfp>>>>>
fdTUfdTUfdTUfdTUfdTU Nghd;w khjpupfis Nghd;w khjpupfis Nghd;w khjpupfis Nghd;w khjpupfis Nghd;w khjpupfis Mf;Fthu;.Mf;Fthu;.Mf;Fthu;.Mf;Fthu;.Mf;Fthu;.
ghlk; 3 ghlk; 3 ghlk; 3 ghlk; 3 ghlk; 3
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
135 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,t ;t pU gu pk hz tbtq ;fs ;
(tiyAU) jstbtk; vdg;gLk; vd
tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
jstbtq ;fshy ; (tiyAU)
Kg;gupkhz tbtnkhd;iw Mf;f
KbAk;.
kPz;Lk; rJuKfpnahd;iw Mf;F-
tjw;F> ,t;tbtj;ij kbg;gjw;F
Kd;tUk; khztDf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd tbtk; (tiyAU)
xd;wpd; %ykhf fdTUnthd;iw
Mf ;Fk ; to pKiwiar ; nra ;J-
fhl;Lq;fs;.
khztUf;F tbtk; xd;iw toq;fp
fdTU xd;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tpjkhf
kbg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
vy;yh khztUf;Fk; jhs;> ngd;rpy;
Neu;tpspk;G Mfpatw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
jhspd; kPJ NfhLfisAk; gpd;du;
rJuq ;fisAk ; tiutjw ;F
mtu;fSf;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
rJuKf pnahd ; w hf kbf ; ff ;
$bathwhd 6 rJuq ;fisf ;
nfhz ;l gy t pj ; j pahrkhd
tbtq;fspy; (tiyAUf;fspy;)
Kaw;rpj;Jg; ghu;f;FkhW khz-
tUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
rpy khztUf;F ,J fbdkhf
,Ug;gpd; fUk;gyifapy; rhj;jpa-
khff ;$ba r py tbtq ;fis
tiue;J fhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fdTU xd ;iw Mf ;ff ;$ba
jstbtq;fis epu;khzpf;FkhW
$Wq;fs;.
mt ;thwhd ,U gu pkhz
jstbtq;fspy; rJuKfp> fdTU
vd ;gtw ;iw e p u ; khzpg ; gjw ;F
topfhl;Lq;fs;.
khztu; Kbe;jtiuapy; tpj;jpahr-
khd topKiwfis Kaw;rpj;j
gpd;du; rJuKfp> fdTU vd;gtw;iw
Mff ;$ba tbtq ;fSf ;fhd
(tiyAU) vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf;
fhz;gpf;FkhW khzt FOf;fSf;F
$Wq;fs;.
NtW t pj ;j pahrkhd to pfs ;
,Ug;gpd;> mtw;iw Kd;itg;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
ghlE}ypy; jug;gl ;Ls;s tiy
AUitg; gad;gLj;jp rJuKfp kw;Wk;
fdTU xd;iwj; jahupj;J cupa
tpdhf;fSf;F tpil-aspg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
136Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ cUis ³ ehd;Kfp
³ Kf;Nfhzp ³ tl;lk;
³ nrq;Nfhzk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ fhfpjj;jhs;
³ ngd;rpy;
³ Neu;tpspk;Gk; fj;jupf;NfhYk
³ gir
³ nrNyhNlg;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w t pdhf ;fs ;
rpytw;iw khztuplk; tpdhTq;fs;.
epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fs; cs;s nghUs;fs;
ahit?
tise;j Nkw;gug;Gs;s nghUs;fs;
ahit?
jl;ilahd Nkw;gug;Gs;s nghUs;fs;
ahit?
fpilj;jsk; cs;s nghUs;fs; ahit?
jug;gl;Ls;s rkgf;f Kf;Nfhzpiaf;
nfhz;L gpd;tUk; mwpTWj;jy;fisf;
filg ; g p bj ;J ehd ;Kf pnahd ;W
mikAq;fs;.
rkgf;f Kf;Nfhzpnahd;W tPjk;
khztUf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
Kf;Nfhzpapd; %d;W gf;fq;fspd;
eLg;Gs;spfisf; Fwpj;J mtw;iw
,izf ;FkhW khztUf ;Ff ;
$Wq;fs;.
,d p 4 rkgf ;f Kf ;Nfhzpfs ;
Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gijf; fhz;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mr ; rkgf ; f Kf ; Nfhz pfis
xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlu;GgLj;Jtjd;
%yk; ehd;Kfpia mikg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
f PNo fhl;lg ;gl ;Ls;sthwhf ,U
gupkhz tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L
cUisnahd;iwAk; mikg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Kjypy; nrt;tf tbtj;ijr; RUl;b
cUisapd; tise;j Nkw;gug;igj;
jahupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjd; gpd;du;
Xue;jj;ijj; jhnshd;wpd; kPJ itj;J
,U tl;l tbtkhd Kfq;fis
ntl;bnaLf;FkhWk; $Wq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiur; rpW FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ehd;Kfp-
nahd;Wk;> cUis nahd;Wk;
jahupg;gjw;fhf jbj;j fljhrpapy;
ntl;lg;gl;l ,U gupkhz js-
tbtq;is toq;Fq;fs;.
,U gupkhz jstbtq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp> ehd;Kfpnahd;Wk;>
cUisnahd;Wk; jahupg;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
(xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gy;NtW
msthd jstbtq ;fis
toq;Fq;fs;.)
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;
ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.
ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4ghlk; 4
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
137 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xt ;nthU FOTk ; jahu pj ;j
jpz;kq;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;g-
jw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
mtw;wpd; gz;Gfs; njhlu;ghf
tpdhf;fis tpdhTq;fs;.
ghlE}ypy; fhzg;gLk; khjpu p
tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L xt;nthU
khztDk ; ehd ;Kf p kw ;Wk ;
cUisnahd;iwj; jahhpg;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
j pz ;kq ;fisj ; jahu p g ; gjw ;Fg ;
gad;gLj;jpa ,Ugupkhz tbtq;fspd;
,yf ; fq ; fis ml ; ltiza py ;
Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.
gad;gLj;jpa
jpz;kq;fs; ,Ugupkhz
cUtq;fspd;
,yf;fq;fs;
fdTU
rJuKfp
cUis
ehd;Kfp
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 55555
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp> gpd;tUk;
t pjkhff ; jbg ;ghd fljhr pa py ;
jahu p j ;Jf ; nfhz ;l jstbtj ;
njhFjpnahd;iwf; FOf;fSf;F
toq;Fq;fs;.
rJuk;> nrt;tfk;;> ehd;Kfp> cUis
vd ; gtw ;iwj ; jahu p g ; gjw ;Fj ;
Njitahd jstbtq ;fis
NtWgLj ; j p ,dq ;fhz ; gjw ;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mt;thwhd tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L>
,j ;j pz ;kq ;fis xt ;nthd ;whf
jahupj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAkh vd;gij
Kaw;rp nra;J ghu;f;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
13 14 15
16 17 18
19
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
138Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ tlf;F ³ njw;F
³ fpof;F ³ Nkw;F
³ ,lg;gf;fk; ³ tyg;gf;fk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ xU FOTf;F 4 tPjk; ehd;F
epwq;fspy; nfhbfs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
khztiu jpwe;jntspf;F mioj;Jr;
nry ;Yq ;fs ; . rfy khztUk ;
fhzf;$bathW #upad; cjpf;Fk;
jpiria Nehf;fp ePq;fs; epy;Yq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis tpdhTq;fs;.
khztu; jpirfs; gw;wp ehd;fhk;
tFg ; g py ; ngw ; w Kd ;dw pit
kPl;Ltjw;Fg; gpd;tUtd Nghd;w
tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.
ehd; #upad; cjpf;Fk; jpiria
Nehf;fp epw;fpNwd;. mj;jpir ahJ?
vdf;Fg; gpd;Gwj;jpy; cs;s jpir
ahJ?
vdJ tyJ gf;fj;jpy; cs;s jpir
ahJ?
vdJ ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; cs;s jpir
ahJ?
khztnuhUtiu Kd;dhy; tUkhW
mioj;J mk;khztiu fpof;F
Nehf;fp epw;fr; nra;Aq;fs;. khztupd;
tyJ ifg;gf;fj;jpy; cs;s jpir
njw;F vdTk; ,lJ ifg; gf;fj;jpy;
cs;s jpir tlf;F vdTk; gpd;dhy;
cs ;s j pir Nkw ;F vdTk ;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
midtiuAk; tlf ;F Nehf ;f pj ;
jpUk;GkhW $Wq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd nraw;ghLfspy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
'njw;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;" vdf;
$Wq;fs;.
,J tlf;fpw;F vjpu;j; jpirahFk;.
mJ miur; Rw;whFk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.
'kPz;Lk; tlf;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;."
'fpof;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;."
,J tyJgf;fkhff; fhw; Rw;whFk;.
'njw;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;." ,J
,lJ gf ;fkhf ,d;ndhU fhw ;
Rw;whFk;.
tlf;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;> ,J
Muk;gpj;j jpirf;F miur; Rw;whFk;.
xU jpirapypUe;J mLj;j jpirf;Fj;
jpUk;Gk;NghJ> nrq;Nfhz tbtpy;
jpUk;Gtij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.
%d;W gpujhd jpirfisAk; khztu;
mwpe;Js;shu;fs; vd;gJ cWjpahFk;
tiuapy;> ,t;thwhd rpy nraw;
ghLfspy; NkYk; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
mjw ; f hf e Pq ; fs ; toq ;Fk ;
mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F mika nraw;gLkhW
MNyhrid $Wq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;
nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : j pirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikititititit
tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.
jpirjpirjpirjpirjpir thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
24 24 24 24 24
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
139 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fpof;F Nehf;fp epy;Yq;fs;.
njw;Fj; jpirf;Fj; jpUk;Gq;fs;.
10 ftLfs; Kd;dhy; nry;Yq;fs;.
Nkw;Fj; jpirf;F jpUk;Gq;fs;.
5 ftLfs; Kd;dhy; nry;Yq;fs;.
kPz;Lk; fpof;Fj; jpirf;F jpUk;Gq;fs;.
tpisahl;L xd;iw Kd;itf;fg;
Nghtjhff ;$w p > e Pq ;fs ; $Wk ;
mwpTWj;jy;fisf; filg ;g pbf ;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
khztu; epw;Fk; ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J
20 ftLfs; tiuapy ; cs;s
J}uj;jpy; xt;nthU FOTk; 4
epwq;fspyhd nfhbfis tlf;F>
njw;F> fpof;F> Nkw;F Mfpa
jpirfspy; ehl;b itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
khztu; eLtpy; epw;f Ntz;Lk;
vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
ePq;fs; jpirnahd;iwf; $wpaJk;
rfy FOf;fspYk; cs;s khztu;
mj;jpirapy; cs;s nfhbia
Nehf;fp Xl Ntz;Lk;.('tlf;F"
vd;wJk; khztu; tlf;fpy; cs;s
nfhbia Nehf;fp Xl Ntz;Lk;.)
4 gpujhd jpirfs; njhlu;ghf
khztu; NghjpasT mwpitg;
ngWk; tiuapy; ,r; nraw;ghl;ilg;
gy jlitfs; nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu ; nraw ; g hLfis
mtjhdpj;j gpd;> mtu;fs; gpujhd
jpirfs; ehd ;ifAk ; mwpe ;J
nfhz ;Ls ;shu ; fs ; vd ; gij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ tlf;F ³ njw;F³ fpof;F ³ Nkw;F³ tlfpof;F (<rhd %iy)
³ njd;fpof;F (mf;fpdp %iy)
³ tlNkw;F (thA %iy)
³ njd;Nkw;F (epUjp %iy)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
khztiu tFg ;g pw ;F ntspNa
mioj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;.
ghlk; 1 ,y; nra;jJ Nghd;Nw 4
gpujhd jpirfs; njhlu;ghd mwpit
kPl;Lq;fs;.
kPz;LnkhU jlit tlf;fpw;Fk; mjd;
g pd ;du ; fpof ;f pw ;Fk ; jpUk ;GkhW
$Wq;fs;.
mjd; gpd;du; ePq;fs; tlf;fpw;Fk;
f pof ;f pw ;Fk ; ,ilNa ru p eLj ;
j pirf ;Fj ; jpUk ;Gq ;fs; . e Pq ;fs;
j pUk ; g pAs ;s j pir ahJ vd
khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;.
tlf;fpw;Fk; fpof;fpw;Fk; ,ilNa
kj;jpapy; cs;s jpir tlfpof;F (<rhd
%iy) vd ;wiof ;fg ;gLk ; vdf ;
$Wq;fs;.
<rhd jpiriaf; fhl;Ltjw;F epyj;jpy;
milahskpLq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
140Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
njd ;f pof ;F (mf ;f pd p %iy) >
njd;Nkw;F (epUjp)> tlNkw;F (thA
%iy) Mfpa jpirfisAk; mt;thNw
fhl;Lq;fs;.
tlNkw;F> tlfpof;F> njd;Nkw;F>
njd;fpof;F jpirfisf; fhl;Ltjw;F
khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;F-
q;fs;.
mt;Tg jpirfis khztu; ed;F
mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk; tiuapy; gy jlit
,jid kPsr; nra;Aq;fs;.
mLj;jjhfg; gpujhd jpirfisAk;
cg jpirfisAk; Nru;j;Jf; $Wq;fs;.
tlf;F> tlfpof;F (<rhd)> fpof;F
(mf;fpdp)> njw;F> jpUjp> Nkw;F> thA
vd;wthW ,jidr; nra;Aq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
gpujhd jpirfspd; topNa Fwpf;fg;-
gl ; l nfhbia Nehf ; f p Xba
tpjj;jpNyNa cg jpirfs; topNa
XLtw;F xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
tlNkw;F jpir vdf; $wpaJk;
khztu ; tlf ;Fj ; j piriaf;
Fwpf ;Fk; nfhbf;Fk; Nkw;Fj;
jpiriaf; Fwpf;Fk; nfhbf;Fk;
eLNt cs;s jpir topNa nry;y
Ntz;Lk;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
k Pz ;Lk ; tFg ;giwf ;F te ;J
g pd ;tUk ; cUit mtu ;fsJ
gapw ;r pg ; Gj ;jfj ;j py ; tiue ;J
nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.
t tlNkw;F tlfpof;F
njd;Nkw;F njd;fpof;F
tlf;Fj; jpirf; Fwpj;J xt;Nthu;
mk;Gf;Fwpapd; KidapYk; rupahd
jpiriaf; Fwpg;gjw;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mtu;fs; rupahff; Fwpj;Js;sduh
vdr; Nrhjpj ;J khztUf;Fj ;
NjitahdthW cjtp GupAq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ tlfpof;F (<rhd) ³ fpof;F
³ njd;fpof;F (mf;fpdp %iy)
³ Nkw;F
³ tlNkw;F (thA %iy)
³ nrq;Nfhzk;
³ tlf;F
³ njw;F
³ njd;Nkw;F (epUjp)
³ fhw;Rw;W
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ jhSk; ngd;rpYk;
³ rpy tpisahl;Lg; nghUs;fs;
my;yJ glq;fs; my;yJ ngau;
vOjg;gl;l rpy jhs; Jz;Lfs;
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: j pirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ijjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ijjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ijjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ijjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ij
tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .
ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3
Nk fp
nj
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
141 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Ke;jpa ghlj;jpy; fw;w jpirfspd;
ngau;fs; epidtpy; ,Uf;fpwjh vdg;
ghu;g;gjw;F khztnuhUtu; tlf;F
vd;W $wp; njhlq;fpaJk; mLj;j
khztu; tlfpof;F (<rhd) vdTk;
mjw;fLj;jtu; fpof;F vd;wthW vl;Lj;
j pirfisAk; $Wtjw;F topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thW rfy khztUk; vl;Lj;
jpirfisAk; $Wtjw;F xOq;F
nra;Aq;fs;.
toq;fg;gl;l nghUs;fis khztiur;
Rw;wpg; gpd;tUk; tpjkhf itAq;fs;.
tghu Cu;jp fhu; glF
ge;J khztu; tpkhdk;
Gifapujk; NgUe;J Jtpr;rf;fu
tz;b
mjw ;Nfw ;g g pd ;tUk ; tpdhf ;fis
khztuplk; tpdhTq;fs;.
1. khztUf;F tlf;Fj; jpirapy;
cs;sJ ahJ?
2. khztUf;Ff; fpof;Fj; jpirapy;
cs;sJ ahJ?
3. NgUe;J khztUf;F vj;jpirapy;
cs;sJ?
4. ge;J khztUf;F vj;jpirapy;
cs;sJ?
5. glF khztUf;F vj;jpirapy;
cs;sJ?
6. khztUf;F njd;Nkw;fpy; (epUjp
%iyapy;) cs;sJ ahJ?
7. NgUe;jpw;F fpof;fpy; cs;sJ
ahJ?
8. fhUf;F Nkw;fpy; cs;sJ ahJ?
9. Gifapujk; glfpw;F vj;jpirapy;
cs;sJ?
10. ge;J NgUe;Jf;F vj;jpirapy;
cs;sJ?
nghUs ;fs ; ,Uf ;Fk ; ,lj ;ij
khw;wptpl;L> Nkw;$wg;gl;l tpdhf;fis
tpdTq;fs;.
,t ;thwhd xOq ;fikg ;igNah
my ;yJ NtWt pjkhd xOq ;f
ikg;igNah fUk;gyifapy; tiu
Aq ;fs ; . tlf ;Fj ; j piriaf ;
Fwpj;Js;sthW milahskpLq;fs;.
me ; jf ; fl ; likg ; Gf ;F Vw ; g >
Nkw;$wg;gl;lJ Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;F
t pilaspg ; gjw ;F khztUf ;Fr ;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; fl;likg;igf; fUk;
gyifapy; tiuAq;fs;.
A
H B
G X C
F D
E,q;F A> B> C> D, E, F, G, H .. f;F
gjpyhf nghUs;fspd; ngaiuf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
khztu; xd;W Nru;e ;J> Nkw;-
$wg;gl;l fl;likg;Gf;F Vw;g> xU
nghUs pd ; mikt plj ;Jf ;F >
kw;nwhU nghUs; mike;Js;s
jpiriaf; Fwpf;Fk; tpjj;ijg;
ge ;j pahf vOJtjw ;F topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
X ,w;F tlf;Nf A mike;Js;sJ.
D,X ,w;F mf;fpdp %iyj;
jpirapy; cs;sJ.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
FOr; nraw;ghLfspd; epiwtp;d;
NghJ xt;nthU FOTk; vOjpa
ge;jpfs; rpytw;iw Kd;itg;gjwFr;;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlE}ypy; cs;s cupa gapw;rpfspy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
t
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
142Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,jw;Fg; gpd;tUkhwhd nraw;ghl;ilg;
gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ghlrhiy ikjhdj;jpd; fpilg;gl-
nkhd;wpy; mt;tplq;fisf; Fwpg;gjw;F
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ghlrhiy Ntypapy; ,Ue;J njhlq;fp
gpujhd fl;llk;> kuq;fs; Nghd;w-
tw ; w pd ; mikTfis ru pahf
cs ;slf ;Ftjw ;F MNyhrid
toq;Fq;fs;.
khztu ; k Pz ;Lk ; tFg ;giwf ;F
te;jJk; mt;tplq;fspd; mikTfis
rupahfTk; ftdj;JlDk; tiue;J
fpilg;glj;ijj; jahupj;Js;sduh vd
mtjhdpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.
f pilg ;glq ;fis xg ;g pLtjw ;Fk ;
gpiofisj; jpUj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;
$bathW mtu;fis %d;W my;yJ
ehd;F Ngu;fs; nfhz;l FOf;fshf
Ntiyapy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;. epwq;fisg;
gad ;gLj ;Jtjd; %yk ; f pilg ; -
glq;fSf;F capu;g;G+l;l KbAk;.
mtu;fsJ fpilg;glq;fspy; tlf;Fj;
jpiriaf; fhl;b nghUs;fspd; mikT
njhlu ; g hf r py t pdhf ; fisj ;
jahupf;FkhW khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
mtu;fs; fpilg;glq;fis epiwT
nra ;jjd; g pd ;du ; Kd;tUNthu ;
rpyUf;F epiwT nra;j Ntiyiaf;
fhl;b kw;wtu;fs; tpilaspg;gjw;F
mtu ;fs ; jahu pj ;j tpdhf ;fis
Kd;itf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;
fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
143 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
10> 20> 30 ... vd 100 tiuapy;
vz ;Ztjw ;F khztiu to pg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,WjptiuapYk;
,Wjpapy; ,Ue;J Muk;gk; tiuapYk;
Ntfj;ij mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;L rpy
jlitfs; vz;zr; nra;Aq;fs;.
1 ,ypUe;J 10 tiu vz;fis
vOJq;fs;.
ePq;fs; fhl;Lk; ve;jNthu; vz;izAk;
10 My; rupahfg; ngUf;fpf; $WkhW
khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
,t ;thwhf 10 My; ngUf ;Fk ;
Nfhyj;ij khztUf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUkhwhd rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;L
fisf; nfhz;L 10 My; ngUf;Fk;
Nfhyj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
3 x 10 } 30 33 x 10 } 330 333 x 10 } 33303333 x 10 } 33330
NkYk; gpd ;tUtd Nghd;w rpy
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf; fUk;gyifapy
vOjp> khztu;fisf; nfhz;L G+u;j;jp
nra;tjd; %yk; 10 My; ngUf;Fk;
Nfhyj;ij tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
8 x 10 } ''''''''''''''' 15 x 10 } ''''''''''''''' 30 x 10 } '''''''''''''''
209 x 10 } ''''''''''''''' 470 x 10 } '''''''''''''''
1 0My ; ngUf ;Fk ; ,yFthd
Kiwnahd;W:
vLj;Jf;fhl;L : 42 x 10 } 420
,q;F xd;wpdplj;jpy; '0" vd vOjp>
jug;gl;l vz;iz vOJq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;fpg;> gpd;tUtd Nghd;w
xg;gilfis toq;Fq;fs;.
xg;gil xg;gil
4 x 10 } '''''''''''' 8 x 10 } ''''''''''''
44 x 10 } '''''''''''' 88 x 10 } ''''''''''''
404 x 10 } '''''''''''' 808 x 10 } ''''''''''''
440 x 10 } '''''''''''' 800 x 10 } ''''''''''''
36 x 10 } '''''''''''' 15 x 10 } ''''''''''''
736 x 10 } '''''''''''' 215 x 10 } ''''''''''''
973 x 10 } '''''''''''' 521 x 10 } ''''''''''''
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; nra;tjw;fhfg;
gpd;tUk; gapw;rpfis toq;Fq;fs;.
1& 7 x 10 } ''''''''''''2& 25 x 10 } ''''''''''''3& 288 x 10 } ''''''''''''4& 20 x 10 } '''''''''''''''5& 105 x 10 } '''''''''''''''6& 200 x 10 } ''''''''''''''''
ntw;wplq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd
vz;fis vOJq;fs;.
1& 28 x 10 } '''''''''2& 135 x ''''' } 13503& ''''' x 10 } 72804& ''''' x 10 } '''''''''
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw
10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : %d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;
gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.
1010101010 My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk;My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk;My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk;My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk;My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
27 27 27 27 27
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
144Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
10 My ; ngUf ;Fk ; t pdhf ;fs ;
rpytw;iw tpdhTq;fs;.
1 Ig; gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;NghJ 10
MFk;. 10 Ig; gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;NghJ
100 MFk; vdf; $wp 1> 10> 100> 1000>
1 0 0 0 0 Mf pa Nfhyj ;ijf ;
fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
Nfhyj ;ij ,Wj pa py ; ,Ue ;J
njhlf;fk; tiu vOJNthk; vdf; $wp>
10000> 1000> 100 Mfpa vz;fisf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
mjidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l tpjk; gw;wp
tpdTq;fs;.
k hztu plk ; ,Ue ;J t pil
fpilf;fhtpby; 1000 I gj;jhy;
tFj;Jg; ghu;g;Nghk; vdf; $wp tFj;Jf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
mjd; %yk;>
10000 Ig; gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 1000
1000 Ig; gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 100
100 Ig; gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 10
10 Ig; gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 1
vdf; $wpathW mjidf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; vz;fis gj;jhy; tFj;jhy;
ngwg;gLk; tpiliaf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
10 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 1
20 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 2
30 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 3
.................
.................
90 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 9
mt;thNw
100 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 10
200 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 20
.................
.................
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw
10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
900 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 90
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
65 ÷ 10 vd;gijf; fUk;gyifapy;
vOJq;fs;.
6
10 65
60
5
65 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; <T 6 ck;
kPjp 5 ck; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
mjw;Nfw;g 65 ÷ 10 } 6 ck; 5 kPjpAk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
128 ÷ 10 } 12 ck; 8 kPjpAk; vd
NkYs ;sthW fUk ; gyifa py ;
vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.
,d;Dk; rpy vLj;Jf;fhl ;Lfis
khztupd; gq;Fgw;wYld; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.
NkYk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisj; jPu;j;J>
gj;jhy; tFf;Fk; re;ju;g ;gq;fspy;
kdf;fzpjk; %ykhf tpilaspf;f
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf ; FOf ;fshf ; f p >
g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w xg ; gil
ml;ilia toq;Fq;fs;.
xg;gil xg;gil
10 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 11 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 100 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 111 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 47 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 55 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 95 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 555 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 236 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 5005 ÷ 10 } ''''''''''''
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
145 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,t;thwhd gapw;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;F
khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
10 My; tFf;Fk; Nfhyj;ij
,dq;fz;L nfhs;tjw;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; gpujpnra;J
nfhz;L> ,ilntspiag; G+u;j;jp
nra;a topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:
gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;
%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;
nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .
ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
gj ;jhy ; ngUf ;fYk; tFj;jYk;
cs ;slq ;f pa vspa t pdhf ;fs ;
rpytw;iw tpdhTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
20 ngd;rpy;fis 10 khztu;fSf;F
rkkhff; nfhLj;jhy; xUtUf;F
vj;jid ngd;rpy;fs; fpilf;Fk;?
xU ngl;bapy; 12 epwg; ngd;rpy;fs;
t P jk ; 1 0 ngl ; ba py ; vj ; jid
ngd;rpy;fs; cs;sd?
3 6 ga pw ; r p g ; Gj ; jfq ;fis 10
khztu;fSf;Fr; rkkhfg; gq;fpl;lhy;
xUtUf;F vj;jid Gj;jfq;fs;
fpilf;Fk;? kPjp vj;jid?
r py vz ;fisg ; g pd ;tUkhW
,lg ; ngWkhdj ;ijf ; fhl ;Lk ;
gyifa py ; vOj p 1 0 My ;
ngUf;Fk;NghJ ,lg;ngWkhdk; khWk;
tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
M E} g x
4 x 10 } 4 0 75 x 10 } 7 5 0 90 x 10 } 9 0 0 135 x 10 } 1 3 5 0
tpilfs; ,lk;ngWk; tpjj ;ijf;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;. ngUf;Fk;NghJ
t pila pd ; ngWkj p xU ,lg ; -
ngWkhdj ;jhy ; mjpfu pj ;Js ;sJ
vd;gij ntspf ; nfhzUq;fs ; .
khztUf;F ed;F tpsq;Fk; tiuapy;
Njitahd msT vLj;Jf;fhl;L-
fisf; fhl;Lq;fs;. khztUf;Fj;
jdpj ;jdpahf tpilaspg ;gjw ;Fk;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
gj;jhy; tFf;Fk;NghJ tpilapy;
,lg ;ngWkhdnkhd ;W g pd ;dhy ;
nry;fpwJ vdg; gpd;tUk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L
%yk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
1& 48 ÷ 10 } ''''''''''''''''''
2& 70 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''''''''
3& 135 ÷ 10 } ''''''''''''''''
4& 438 ÷ ''''' } 43 kPjp 8
5& '''' ÷ 10 } 57 kPjp 6
6& '''' ÷ 10 } ''''''''''''''''
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
146Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
E} g x gj;jpd; Ftpay; gj;jpd; gq;F
7 3 ÷ 10 } 7 3
,lkpUe;J tyj;jpw;F ,lg;ngWkhdk;
khWk ; t pjj ;ij khztu plk ;
NfSq;fs;.
100 ,d; gj;jpd; gq;F gj;J MFk;.
10 ,d; gj;jpd; gq;F xd;W MFk;.
mLj;j ,lk; gj;jpd; gq;fhf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd khztuplk;
,Ue;J ntspf;nfhzUq;fs;.
tpil VOk; gj;jpd; gq;F %d;Wk;
vdTk; tpilia kPz;Lk; thrpj;Jf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
khztu; gq;fspg;Gld; NkYk; gy
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis Kd;itAq;fs;.
tpilia kPz;Lk; thrpAq;fs;.
10 My; tFf;Fk;NghJ ngwg;gLk;
tpilapd; ngWkjp Fiwe;Js;sJ
vd;gij fye ;Jiuahly; %yk;
gjpAq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
10 My; ngUf;Fk; 10 My; tFf;Fk;
fyg;Gg; gapw;rpfis toq;fp> gj;jhy;
ngUf;Fk; kw;Wk; tFf;Fk; jpwid
gFg;gha;T nra;Aq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1& 5 x 10 } .....
2& 46 ÷ 10 } .....
3& 50 x 10 } .....
4& 7 ÷ 10 } .....
5& 189 x 10 } .....
6& 300 ÷ 10 } .....
7& 506 x 10 } .....
8& 506 ÷ 10 } .....
9& 777 x 10 } .....
10& 777 ÷ 10 } .....
trdk; vOjpj; jPUq;fs;.
11& jl;nlhd;wpy; 235 goq;fis
itf;fyhk;. mt;thwhd 10
jl ;Lfs py ; itf ;ff ;$ba
goq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
12& tpahghupnahUtu; 10 ehl;fspy;
950 kg kuf ;fwp tpw ;gid
nra;Js;shu;. mtu; jpdKk;
rkkhd msT kuf;fwpia
tpw;gid nra;jhu; vdpy;> xU
ehs py ; t pw ; gid nra ;j
kuf;fwpapd; epiw vd;d?
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
147 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gpd ;tUtd Nghd;W yPw ;wu ; >
kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfs; vOjg;gl;l
ml;ilfs; - FOtpw;F 2 tPjk;.
24 l 200 ml 5 l 275 ml 13 l 30 ml 7 l 370 ml 48 l 35 ml 3 l 800 ml 66 l 105 ml 6 l 750 ml
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ yPw;wu; ³ kpy;ypyPw;wu;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kd ;dw pit k Pl ;Ltjw ;Fr ; r py
kdf ;fz pj t pdhf ; fis Kd ;
itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1. ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; 800 ml ghy; ,Ue;jJ.mjw ;F ,d ;Dk ; 7 0 0 ml ghy ;
Nru;f;fg;gl;lhy; ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s
ghypd; nkhj;j msT vj;jid kpy;yp
yPw;wu; MFk;?
2. 1500 ml ,y; cs;s yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu;
msTfs; ahit?
3. jhq;fpnahd;wpy; ,Ue;j 8 yPw;wu;
vz;nza;Ald; ,d;Dk; 16 yPw;wu;
vz;nza; Nru;f;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;du;
jhq;fpapy; ,Uf;Fk; vz;nza;apd;
msT vt;tsT?
khztnuhUtUf;F jhd; tpUk;Gk;
kpy;ypyPw;wu;> yPw;wu; msnthd;iwf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.
mjw;Ff; fPNo ,d;ndhU yPw;wu;>
kpy;ypyPw;wu; msit vOJtjw;F
,d;ndhU khziu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mt;tpU msTfisAk; Nru;f;Fk;NghJ
ngwg;gLk; jputj;jpd; nkhj;j msT
vt;tsT vdf; fhz;gjw;F ,d;ndhU
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thwhd vspa gpur pdq;fis
Kd;itj ;J khztuplk ; ,Ue ;J
tpilfisg; ngWq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: yPw;wu; kpy;ypyPw;wu
24 200 + 5 300
29 500
,t;thwhf tFg;gpy; cs;s khztupd;
gq;Fgw;wYld; fpukkhfr; rpf;fyhFk;
t pjj ;j py ; $l ;ly ; g pur pdq ;fis
(nfhz;L nry;yYldhd) Kd;itj;J
jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
6 yPw;wu; 350 kpy;ypyPw;wu; ghy;; cs;s
ghj;jpuj;jpw;F 4 yPw;wu; 750 kpy;ypyPw;wu;
ghy; Cw;wg;gl;lJk; cs;s ghypd;
nkhj;j msT vt;tsT?
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
yPw;wu; kpy;ypyPw;wu;
6 350 +4 750
11 1001100
1 yPw;wu; 100 kpy;ypyPw;wu;
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.
ghlk; 1 ghlk; 1 ghlk; 1 ghlk; 1 ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msTyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msTyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msTyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msTyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msT
njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.
fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
28 28 28 28 28
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
148Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
g p ur pdnkhd ;iw Kd ;itj ;Jf ;
f pilahff ; $l ;Lk ; t pjj ;ij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 1:
ghj ;jpuj ;j py ; 5l 500ml vz;nza;
,Ue;jJ. mjw;F ,d;Dk; 3l 200 mlvz;nza; Nru;f;fg;gl;lhy; ghj;jpuj;jpy;
cs;s vz;nza;apd; nkhj;j msT
vt;tsT?
5 l 500 ml + 3 l 200 ml= 8 l 700 ml
(yPw;wu; msTfSk; kpy;yp yPw;wu;
msTfSk; jdpj;jdpahf $l;lg;gl;ld
vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.)
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 2:
thfdnkhd;wpd; vupnghUs; jhq;fpapy;
32 l 750 ml vu pnghUs ; cz;L .
vupnghUs; epug;Gk; epiyankhd;wpy;
,d ;Dk ; 75l 800 ml vu pnghUs ;
mjDld; Nru;f;fg;gl;lhy; jhq;fpapy;
cs;s vupnghUspd; msT ahJ?
32 l 750 ml + 75 l 800 ml= 107 l 1550 ml107 l + 1 l 550 ml= 108 l 550 ml
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; ,uz;L
ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.
KjyhtJ> ,uz;lhtJ ml;ilfs;
,uz;bYk; ,Ue;J Xu; msT tPjk;
njupTnra;J gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
fpilahfTk; epiyf;Fj;jhfTk;
vOjpf; $l;LkhW $Wq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
gpd;tUtd Nghd;W yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu;
$l;ly; gpurpdq;fs; rpytw;iw
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;L : cUf ;fisf ;
nfhz;L tpilaspAq;fs;.
A B
C D
NkNy fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sit ePu; cs;s
ehd;F ghj;jpuq;fs; MFk;.
1. ghj;jpuq;fs; A> B Mfpa ,uz;bYk;
cs;s e Pu pd ; fdtsTfspd ;
$l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhZq;fs;.
2. g hj ;j p uq ;fs ; B> D Mf pa
,uz ;bYk ; cs ;s e P u pd ;
fdtsTfspd; $l;Lj; njhif
iaf; fhZq;fs;.
3. ghj;jpuq;fs; B> C Mfpa ,uz;bYk;
cs;s e Pu pd ; fdtsTfspd ;
$l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhZq;fs;.
4. g hj ;j p uq ;fs ; C> D Mf pa
,uz ;bYk ; cs ;s e P u pd ;
fdtsTfspd; $l;Lj; njhif
iaf; fhZq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
Nkyj pf cjt p Njitg ; gL
NthUf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;yy; ;
,y ;yhj yPw ;wu ; > kpy ;ypy Pw ;wu ;
msTfs; cs;s $l;ly; gapw;rp
fis toq;Fq;fs;.
Ntfkhff ; fw ;Wf ; nfhs ;Sk ;
khztUf;Fg; gpd;tUk; tpjkhd
gpurpdq;fis toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:tpUe;jpdUf;F ,dpg;Gg; ghdk;
nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf xU gps;is
1.5 yPw;wu; nfhs;Sk; Nghj;jy;
xd;iw vLj;Jf;nfhz;L filf;Fr;
nrd;whu;. mq;F ,Ue;jit 375ml,dpg;Gg; ghd Nghj;jy;fs; MFk;.
mtu; nfhz;L nrd;w Nghj;jiy
epug;Gtjw;F vj;jid ,dpg;Gg; ghd
Nghj;jy;fs; Njit?
23 l 750 ml 56 l 500 ml
40 l 305 ml 78 l 75 ml
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
149 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhU
yPw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .y Pw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .y Pw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .y Pw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .y Pw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .
(nfhz;L tUjYld;)(nfhz;L tUjYld;)(nfhz;L tUjYld;)(nfhz;L tUjYld;)(nfhz;L tUjYld;)
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
³ yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfs;
vOjg;gl;l rpy ml;ilfs;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
10 l 755 ml 40 l 305 mlghj;jpuq;fs; ,uz;bd; cUtg;glk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
17 l 4 l
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
vspa gpurpdq;fs; rpytw;iw kdf;
fz pjkhf t pilas pg ; gjw ;F
khztUf;F Kd;itAq;fs;.
1. 4 yPw ;wu ; ,dpg ;Gg ; ghzp cs;s
ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; ,Ue;J 3 yPw;wu;
ghzpia vLj;jhy; vQ;rp ,Uf;Fk;
ghzpapd; msT vt;tsT?
2. Nghj;jnyhd;wpy; ,Ue;J 7l 880 mlvz;nza; mstpy; ,Ue;J 2l 800 mlvz;nza; tpw;fg;gl;lJ. vQ;rpAs;s
vz;nza;apd; msT ahJ?
3. 1l 500 ml ,Ue;J 750 ml If; fopg;gJvt;thW vd khztuplk; tpdhTq;fs;.
(500 ml ,y; ,Ue;J 750 ml If; fopf;fKbahJ vd;gjdhYk; 1l 500ml vd;gJ1500 ml vd;gjdhYk; mjpypUe;J
750ml If; fopf;f KbAk; vd;gijAk;
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
17 l > 4l msTfisf; nfhs;Sk;
ghj ;j puq ;fspd ; tu pg ;glq ;fisf ;
fhl;Lq;fs;. ,t;tpU ghj;jpuq;fisf;
nfhz;L 1 l j putf ; fdtsit
Mf;FtJ vt;thW vd khztuplk;
tpdhTq;fs;.
1l jputf; fdtsit gpd;tUkhW
Mf ;FNthk ; vd MNyhrid
$Wq;fs;.
17 l ghj;jpuj;ij Kw;whf ePuhy;
epug;Gq;fs;.
17 l ghj ; j p uj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J 4 lghj;jpuj;jpw;F ePu; Cw;Wtjd; %yk;
jlitnahd;w py ; 4 l tPjk ; e Piu
ntspNaw;Wtjw;fhff; $Wq;fs;.
17 l - 4 l } 13 l13 l - 4 l } 9 l 9 l - 4 l } 5 l 5 l - 4 l } 1 l
,t;thwhf 1l I Mf;fyhk; vd
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
nfhs ;ssTfs ; Fw pf ; fg ; gl ; l
ml;ilfis ,U ngl;bfspy; ,l;L
mtw;wpy ; ,Ue;J tpUk;g pa ,U
ml ;ilfis vLf ;FkhW ,U
khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
mt;tpU ml;ilfspYk; Fwpf ;fg ;
gl;Ls;s ,U msTfspy; ngWkjp
$ba msit Kjypy; fUk;gyifapy;
vOjp gpd;du; mjw;Ff; fPNo Fiwe;j
msit vOjpf; fopf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
,t;thwhf ml;ilfspd; cjtpAld;
fopj ;jy; gpur pdq;fs; rpytw;iw
khztupd; gq;Fgw;wYld; jPu;j;Jf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
l ml4 375
- 2 5841 791
l ml42 280
- 10 37031 910
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
150Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOtpw ;Fk ; jputf ;
nfhs;ssTfs; nfhz;l ml;ilfs;
4 tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.
3 fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fs; tPjk; vOjpj;
jPu;f;FkhW khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.
tpiuthfr; nra;Ak; khztu;fSf;F
NkYk; Njitahd ml;ilfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W Njitahd
cjtpfis toq;Fq;fs;.
ga pw ;r pg ; Gj ;jfj ;j py ; vOjpj ;
jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
24 yPw;wu; 450 kpy;ypyPw;wu; ePiuf;
nfhs;Sk; jhq;fpnahd;wpy; ,Ue;J
15 yPw;wu; 800 kpy;ypyPw;wu; ePiu
mfw;wpajd; gpd;du; vQ;rpapUf;Fk;
ePupd; fdtsT ahJ?
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ngUf;fy;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ myF khw;wk; ,d;wp yPw;wu;>
kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfspy; ngUf;fy;
gpurpdq;fs; nfhz;l ml;ilfs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
2 l nfhs;Sk; ,dpg ;Gg ; ghdg ;
Nghj;jy;fs; ,uz;il mg;gh nfhz;L
te;jhu;. mt;tpU Nghj;jy;fspYk;
cs;s ghdj ;j pd ; msT ahJ?
,t ;thwhd vs pa kdf ;fz pj
tpdhf;fis Kd;itj;J tpilfisg;
ngWq;fs;.
vLj ;Jf ; f hl ;Lfis toq ;f p >
khztUf;Fg; gpurpde; jPu;g;gjw;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Flnkhd;W 5l 300 ml ePu; nfhs;Sk;
mf;Flj;jpdhy; %d;W jlitfs; ePu;
Cw;wp gPg;gha; xd;W epug;gg;gl;lJ.
gPg;ghapy; cs;s ePupd; nkhj;j msT
ahJ?
Flk; nfhs;Sk; ePupd;
msT } 5 l 300 ml,lg;gl;l jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if } 3gPg;ghapy; cs;s ePupd;
nkhj;j msT } 5 l 300 ml x 3} 15 l 900 ml
,t;thwhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis Kd;
itj;J khztUld; Nru;e;J rpy
gpurpdq;fisj; jPUq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gpurpdq;fs;
mlq;fpa ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.
mjpYs;s gpurpdq;fisg; gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpj; jPu ;g ;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOf ;fs pilNa ml ;ilfis
khw;wpf; nfhz;L> 5 gpurpdq;fis
NaDk; jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W Njitahd
MNyhridfis toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlE}y; gapw;rpfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)
ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
151 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghdyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghdyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghdyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghdyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghd
gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ tFj;jy;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ myF khw;wk; ,d;wp yPw;wu;>
kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfspy; tFj;jy;
gpurpdq;fs; cs;slf;fpa xg;gil
ml;il.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;W kdf ;fzpj
tpdhf;fis Kd;itj;J khztiu
tpilaspf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: I300 kpy;ypyPw;wu; jz;zPu;> rk msthf
%d;W ghj;jpuq;fspy; ,lg;gl;lhy;
xt;nthU ghj ;j puj ;j pYk; cs;s
jz;zPupd; msT ahJ?
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: II800 kpy;ypyPw;wu; jz;zPu; ehd;F
ghj;jpuq;fspy; rkkhf ,lg;gl;lhy;
xt;nthU ghj ;j puj ;j pYk; cs;s
jz;zPupd; msT ahJ?
gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gpurpdq;fis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 1ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; 10 l 500ml ,dpg;Gg;
ghdk; mlq;Fk;. ,J 5 ghj;jpuq;fspy;
rkdhf ,lg ; gl ;lJ. xt ;nthU
ghj;jpuj;jpYk; cs;s ghdj;jpd; msT
ahJ?
ghj;jpuj;jpy; mlq;Fk;
ghdj;jpd; msT } 10 l 500mlrkdhf ,lg;gl;l
ghj;jpuq;fspd; msT } 5xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s
ghdj;jpd; msT } 10 l 500ml ÷5
2 l 100ml5 10 l 500ml 10 05 5
00 0
00 0
0xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s ,dpg;Gg;
ghdj;jpd; msT } 2 l 100ml
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:; 2
8l 480ml msTs ;s gor ; r hW 4
Nfhg ;igfSf ;Fs ; rk msthf
Cw;wg;gl;lJ. xU Nfhg;igapy; cs;s
gor;rhwpd; msT ahJ?
2l 120ml4 8l 480ml 8
0 4 4
0 8 8 0 0 0 0
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 3:
9 l 600 ml I 3 My; tFq;fs;.
mjid vOJk; tpjj ;ij Kd; -
itAq ;fs ; . mjidj ; j P u ; f ;Fk ;
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
10l I 5 My; tFj;jhy;
2. ,jid yPw ;wu ; ;
epuypy; vOJNthk;.
500ml I 5 My;
tFj;jhy; 100 ml.,jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;
epuypy; vOJNthk;.
tpil : 2l 100mll
NkNy
tptupf;fg;gl;l-
thW ,jidAk;
gbg;gbahf
khztUf;F
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
tpil 2l 120ml
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
152Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
9l 600ml ÷ 3
3 ml 200ml 3 9 ml 600ml 9 0 6 6 00 0 00 0 0
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;ig rpy FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gpurpdk;
vOjg;gl;l ml;ilia toq;Fq;fs;.
FOf ;fs pilNa ml ;ilfis
khw ;w pf ;nfhz;L g pur pdq ;fs ;
Ie;ijNaDk; xt;nthU FOTk;
jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W Njitahd
MNyhridfis toq;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gpurpdq;fs;
rpytw;iwj; jPu ;g ;gjw;F topg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
9l 300ml ÷ 3
12l 600ml ÷ 3
6l 450ml ÷ 2
9l I 3 My; tFj;jhy;
3. ,jid yPw;wu;
epuypy; vOJNthk;.
600 ml I 3 My;
tFj;jhy; 200 mlMFk;. ,jid ml
epuypy; vOJNthk;.
tpil 3ml 200 mlMFk;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
153 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.
mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ;k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ;k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ;k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ;k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ; myFfs py ; e Psj ;ijmyFfs py ; e Psj ;ijmyFfs py ; e Psj ;ijmyFfs py ; e Psj ;ijmyFfs py ; e Psj ;ij
mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
ePsKk; J}uKk; 2ePsKk; J}uKk; 2ePsKk; J}uKk; 2ePsKk; J}uKk; 2ePsKk; J}uKk; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
29 29 29 29 29
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ kPw;wu; ³ mDkhdk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ,U khztUf;F xd;W tPjk;
kPw;wu; Nfhy; my;yJ xU kPw;wu;
ePskhd kuf;fPyk;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ePsj;ij msg;gjw;F ehk; gad;gLj;jpa
msT vd ;dntd khztu plk ;
tpdTq;fs;.
xt;nthU msTfisAk; gad;gLj;jpa
re;ju;g;gq;fs; njhlu;ghff; fye;Jiu
ahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
tFg;giwia msg;gjw;F kPw;wu; Nfhy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; Gj;jf-
nkhd;wpd; ePs> mfyk; nrd;upkPw;wupy;
msf;fg;gl;lJ.
kPw;wnuhd;wpd; ePsk; ve;jsT vd;gijf;
$WkhW khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
khztu; rpyUf;F jkJ ,Uif
fisAk; tpu pj ;Jf;fhl;b my;yJ
fUk;gyif %iyapypUe;J VNjDk;
(milahskpl;L) xU kPw;wu; ePsj;jpd;
msitf; fhl;Ltjw;F re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
k Pw ;wu ;Nfhiy tFg;g py ; fhl ;r pg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;. mjd; ePsj;Jld; NtW
e Psj ;ij xg ;g pl ;Lf ; $Wtjw ;F
mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fUk;gyifapd; ePsk; kPw;wu;Nfhypd;
ePsj;ijg;Nghy; 5 klq;F MFk;.
NtW tpilfs; cs;sdth vd;gijr;
Nrhjpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;. jhk; $wpa
tpilfs; njhlu;ghff; fUj;Jf;fs; $w
tpUk;GNthUf;F mjw;fhd re;ju;g;
gj;ij toq;Fq;fs;.
,J Nghd;W> VNjDk; xU ePsj;ij
kPw;wupd; ePsj;Jld; kdjhy; xg;gpl;Lg;
ghu;j;J> vj;jid kPw;wu;fs; ePskhf
,Uf;fyhk; vdf; $Wjy; "kPw;wupy;mDkhd pj ; jy ; " MFk ; . ,ij
khztu plk ; $wNtz;Lk ; vd ;w
mtrpakpy ;iy. ,J njhlu ;ghd
mwpTiufs; kl;Lk; toq;fpdhy;
NghJkhdJ.
,g ; Ng hJ vkJ mDkhdq ;fs ;
ve;jsTf;F rupahdit vd;gijg;
ghu;g;Nghk; vd;W $Wq;fs;. khztu;
gq;fspg;Gld; mDkhdpj;j ePsj;ij
mse;J ghUq;fs; vd;W $Wq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztuJ mDkhdq;fSk;
cz;ikahd msTfSf;F ve;jsT
nghUj ;jkhf cs ;snjd ;gijf ;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
NkNy $wg;gl;ltpjkhd NtW rpy
msj ;jy ; re ;ju ;g ;gq ;fspd ;NghJ>
mDkhdpg;gjw;Fk; mse;J cWjpg;
gLj ;j pf ; nfhs;tjw ;Fk ; xOq;F
nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
154Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
kPw;wu;fspy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpj;jy;>
msj;jy; gw ;w p tpsf;fp> NkYk;
mt;thwhd msj;jy; re;ju ;g ;gq;
fSf;fhd gl;banyhd;iw tFg;G
khztUld; fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;
gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
k P w ; w u py ; e Psj ;ij msf ;fTk ;
mDkhdpf;fTk; ePsk; / cauj;ijf;
fpl;ba kPw;wupy; kl;Lk; fhZkhWk;
mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
%d;W kPw;wiutpl rw;W mjpfkhapd;
3 kPw;wuhfTk; 5 kPw;wUf;Ff; nfhQ;rk;
Fiwthdhy; 5 kPw;wu; vd;wthW.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ,UtupUtuhfr; Nru;j;J
xt;nthU Nrhbf;Fk; xU kPw;wu;
Nfhy; my;yJ xU kPw;wu; ePsKs;s
kuf;fPyk; xd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
fUk;gyifapy; vOjg;gl;l msj;jy;
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; tpUk;gpa Ie;ijj;
njupe;Jnfhz;L gpd;tUk; tpjkhd
ml;ltiziag;; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
jahupj;Jf;nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.
msj;jy; mDkhdpj;j cz;ikahd
re;ju;g;gk; ePsk;/cauk; ePsk;/cauk;
1'tFg;giwapd; kPw;wu; ''''' ''''''''''''''' ePsk; 2' '''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' 3' '''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' 4' '''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''
5' '''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''
xt;nthU msj;jy; re;ju;g;gj;jpYk;
Kjypy; msf;ftpUf;Fk; ePsk;/cauj;ij mDkhdpj;Jf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk ; . mtu ;fs ; ,UtuJ
mDkhdq ;fSk ; rkkhdjh ?
NtWgl ;ljh? NtWgl ;ljhapd ;
mjid ntt;Ntwhf vOjpf ; -
nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.
,UtUk; xNu kPw;wu; Nfhiyg;
gad;gLj;jp cz;ikahd ePsj;ij
mse;J ghu ;f ;FkhW mwpTWj;-
Jq;fs; . ,q;F xU khztd;
msf ;Fk ; Ng hJ mts ; /mtd ;
msg ;gJ ru pahdjh vd ;gij
mtjhdpg;gjw;F Vida khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. (ePsk; msj;jpd;
NghJ filg ;g pbf ;f Ntz;ba
xOq;F Kiwia mtrpakhapd;
epidTgLj;Jq;fs;)
cz;ikahd ePsj;ij ml;ltiz-
apy ; Fwpj ;Jf ; nfhs;tjw ;Fk ;
cz;ikahd ePsj;Jf;Ff; fpl;ba-
thW mDkhdpf;Fk; jpwd; ve;js
Tf;F cs;sJ vd;gij mwpe;J
nfhs ;sTk ; khztiu to pg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
xNu msj;jy; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; khzt
Nrhbfs; mDkhdpj;j gytifahd
msTfSf ;Fk ; > cz;ikahd
msTf;Fk; cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;
njhlu;ghff; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
ePsk; / cauk; mDkhdpj;jypy; rpy
khztu;fs; gpd;jq;fpapUf;ff; $Lk;.
mjidf; fz;lwpe;J Njitahd
topfhl;liy toq;Fq;fs;.
mtu;fsJ> ePsk; / cauq;fisr;
rupahf msj;jy;> ml;ltiziar;
rupahfg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy;> xw;Wik-
ahfr ; nraw ; gLjy ; Nghd ; w
nraw ;ghLfis mtjhdpj ;Jj ;
Njitahd cjtpfis khztu;
fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
155 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ nrd;upkPw;wu; ³ mDkhdk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ ,uz;L khztUf;F xd;WtPjk;>
nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPL nfhz;l Neu;
tpspk;G my;yJ nrd;upkPw;wu;
FwpaPL nfhz;l fljhrpf;fPyk;.
FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;
rpwpa ePs msTfis msg;gjw;F
nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jk; jpwidf;
fye;Jiuahly; %yk; NkNyhq;fr;
nra;Aq;fs;.
md ;w hl tho ;t py ; r p w pa e Ps
msTfisAk; mDkhdpf;f Ntz;ba
mtr pak ; Vw ; gLk ; vd ; gij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; %yk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fhyzp thq ;Fk ;NghJ cq;fs ;
ghjj;jpd; ePsk; vt;tsT vd;gij
mDkhdpf;f Ntz;ba re;ju;g ;gk;
Vw;gLk;.
,d;W ePsj;ij nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy;
mDkhdpg;Nghk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs py ; e Psj ;ij
mDkhdpg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhdit
ahit? nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy; ePsj;ij
msg;gjw;Fj; njupTnra;jtw;iwg;
gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
xU nrd;u pk Pw ;wu ; e Psk ; vd;gJ
vt;tsT? nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPL cs;s
Neu;tpspk;G / msj;jy; ehlh / fljhrpf;fPyk; vd;gtw;iw mtjhdpf;FkhW
khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.
mtu;fsJ tpuy; me;jj;jpypUe;J
msitf; fhz;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq ;Fq ;fs ; . ngd ;r py ; my ;yJ
Ngidapd; ePs msitf; fhz;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;fp> nrd;upkPw;wupd;
msit kdjpy; gjpj;Jf;nfhs;sr;
nra;Aq;fs;. tpuypd; ,U me;jq;-
fisAk; nrd;upkPw;wupy; fhz;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ngd;r py ; > Ngid my;yJ NtW
nghUl;fis khztUf;Ff; fhl;Lq;fs;.
mtw;wpd; ePsj;ij nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy;
mDkhdpf;FkhW mwpTiu toq;F-
q;fs;. khztu;fsJ mDkhdq;fs;
rpytw;iwf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJ-
q;fs;.
khztu; gq;fspg ;Gld; mtw;iw
mse;J fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
mtu;fsJ mDkhdq;fs; cz;ik-
ahd ePsj;Jf;F ve;jsT fpl;bAs;sJ
vd;gijf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;-
gjw ;Fg ; gof pf ; nfhs ;tjw ;F >
vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSldhd re;ju;g;gq;-
fis khztUf;F cUthf ;f pf ;
nfhLq;fs;.
nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs py ; e Psj ;ij
mDkhdpg;gjw;Fk; msg;gjw;Fk; NkYk;
,t;thwhd msj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fs;
nfhz ;l ml ; ltiznahd ;iw
khztUld; fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
,UtupUtuhf tFg;ig xOq;f-
ikj;Jf; nfhz;L> xt;nthU Nrhb
khztUf;Fk; nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPL
nfhz;l Neu ;t ps pk ;G my;yJ
fljhrpf;fPyk; xd;W toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>
mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
156Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fUk;gyifapy; cs;s msj;jy;
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; tpUk;gpa 5 Ij;
njupT nra;J gpd;tUk; ml;lt-
iziag; gapw;rpg ; Gj;jfj;jpy;
jahupj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW mwpTiu
toq;Fq;fs;.
msj;jy; mDkhdpj;j cz;ikahd
re;ju;g;gk; ePsk;/cauk; ePsk;/cauk;
1' ngd;rpypd; ePsk;
2' ''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''
4' ''''''''''''''''''
5' ''''''''''''''''''
xt;nthU msj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;-
fspYk; Kjypy; msf;f Ntz;ba
ePsk; / cauj;ij mDkhdpf;fTk;
mjid ml;ltizapy; vOjpf;-
nfhs;sTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,UtUk; xd;whf> cz;ikahd
e Psj ;ij mse ;J > mjid
ml;ltizapy; vOjpf;nfhs;sTk;
mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;.
Ke;jpa ghlj;jpy; $wg;gl;lthW>
mDkhdpj;j ePs msT kw;Wk;
cz;ikahd ePs msT njhlu;-
ghfTk; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu;fs; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;b-
Uf;Fk;NghJ FOf;fsplk; nrd;W
mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd cjtp-
fis toq;Fq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ kPw;wu; ³ nrd;upkPw;wu;
³ mDkhdk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ e Psj ;ij k P w ; w u ; my ;yJ
nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy; msg;gjw;fhf>
1 Mk ; > 2Mk ; ghlq ;fs py ;
gad;gLj;jpa msj;jy; cgfuz-
q;fs;.
³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk;> kPw;wu;fspy;
my;yJ nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy; kl;Lk;
e Psj ;ij mDkhd pf ;Fk ; 6
re ; j u ; g ; gq ; fs ; fyitahf
mlq;fpathW jahupf ;fg ;gl ;l
xg;gil ml;il.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
msj;jy; mDkhdpj;j cz;ik
re;ju;g;gk; ePsk;/cauk; ePsk;/cauk;
1' fjTr;rPiy
cauk;
2' ckJ mopg;ghdpd;
ePsk;
3' Mrpupa Nkirapd;
ePsk;
4' ghy;kh igf;fw;wpd;
mfyk;
5' ad;dypd; mfyk;
6' jiuapy; ,Ue;J
fjT cauk;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ePsj;ij msg;gjw;F msj;jy; myF>
cgfuzk; ,Ue;jhYk; e Psj ;ij
mDkhdpf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak;
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ijk P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ijk P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ijk P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ijk P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ij
mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
157 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
vDk; fUj;J NkNyhq;Fk; tifapy;
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf;fis Kd;itj;Jf;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
msj;jy; cgfuzk; fpilf;fhj
re;ju;g ;gq;fspy; ePsk; gw;wpa
mwpit cUthf;Ftjw;F>
msg;gjw;F mjpf Neuk; vLf;Fk;
re;ju;g;gj;jpy;> cldbahf ePsk;
gw;wpj; jPu;khdpg;gjw;F>
msg ;gjw ;F mUNf nry ;y
Kbahj e piyika pd ;NghJ
t piuthf msT xd ;iwj ;
jPu;khdpg;gjw;F>
Nghd;wit.
ehk; kPw;wu;fspYk; nrd;upkPw;wu;fspYk;
kl;Lk; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;gjw;F
NkYk; gapw;rp ngWtjhff; $Wq;fs;.
mJ njhlu ; g hf khztu ;fsJ
fUj;Jf;fis tprhupj;J mjpYs;s
,lu;g;ghLfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Njitahapd; kPz;Lk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L
fis Kd;itAq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;ig 5 FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; NghJkhd
msT msj;jy; cgfuzk; kw;Wk;
xg;gil ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.
xg;gil ml;ilapy; jug;gl;Ls;s
ml ; ltiziag ; ga pw ; r p g ;
Gj ;jfj ;j py ; g puj p nra;tjw ;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
xU khztd; ml;ltizapYs;s
msj;jy; re;ju;g;gj;ijf; $Wthu;>
midtUk ; Nru ; e ;J mj py ;
Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ePsk; / cauj;ij
mDkhdpg;gjw;F Vw;w msj;jy;
mynfhd;iwj; jPu;khdpg;ghu;.
(,q;F ePsk; / cauj;ij kPw;wUf;F
mjpfkhapd; kPw;wupYk; kPw;wUf;Ff;
Fiwthapd ; nrd ;u pk Pw ;wu pYk ;
mDkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
khztu; jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU
kPw;wiutpl $ba ePsk; / cau
msTfis kPw ;wu pYk ; nrd;u p
kPw;wupYk; mDkhdpj;jy; vd;gJ
,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. ,J
gw;wp mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;)
midtUk; jkJ mDkhdq;fisg;
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf;nfhz;l
gpd;> Kd;G $wg;gl;lthW khztu;
cz;ikahd ePsj;ij msg;g-
jw ;Fk ; kw ;iwa khztu ;fs ;
mjid mtjhdpg;gjw;Fk; topg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; Fiwe;j
gl;rk; xU msj;jy; re;ju;g;gNkDk;
fpilf;Fk; tpjkhf khw;wp khw;wpr;
nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ> mtu;fs; vjpu ;Nehf;Fk;
,lu;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghf mtjh-
dpj ;J mwpe ;J nfhs;Sq;fs; .
Njitahd topfhl;liy toq;Fq;-
fs;.
tPl;by; gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
gy;tifahd msTfis mDkhdpg;-
gjpYk; kPz;Lk; mse;J ghu;g;gjpYk;;
mtu;fsJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;J-
tjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
158Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ePsk; ³ Rw;wsT
³ Mok;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;
³ nrd;upkPw;wu; Nfhy;
³ msj;jy; ehlh
³ fapW / E}y;
³ gy;NtW msj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fisf;
nfhz ;l gl ; bay ; (FOr ;
nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf.)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
e Psj ;ij msg;gjw ;fhd Njit-
Naw ; gLk ; re ;ju ; g ; gq ;fs ; gw ;w p
khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;. mtu;fs;
ngUk;ghYk; ,uz;L ,lq;fSf;
fpilNa cs;s J}uk; / cauk; / ePsk;Nghd;w vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf; $wyhk;.
md;whl Njitf;fhf ePsj;ij msf;f
Ntz;ba gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
mtu;fsJ mtjhdj;ijr; nrYj;J-
tjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
tbfhy; xd;iwj; Njhz;Lk;
NghJ> mjd; ePsk;> mfyk;
kl;Lky;yhJ> Mok; gw;wpAk;
ftdk; nrYj;j NeupLk;.
Mil ijf;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
xUtUila ,Lg;gsT> iffspd;
ePsk;> fOj;jpd; msT Nghd;w-
tw;iw msf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Jzp> fapW> E}y; Nghd;wtw;iw
thq;Fk;NghJ> mtw;iw gy
tpjkhd ePs msTfspy; msf;f
Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
,t;thwhd xt;nthU re;ju;g ;gq;-
fs pYk ; e Psj ;ij msg ;gjw ;Fg ;
gad ; gLj ; jf ;$ba cgfuzk ;
vd;dntd;gJ gw;w pf ; fye;Jiu-
ahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
xUtuJ clypd; gy msTfisf;
fhz ;gjw ;F Neu ;t ps pk ;igg ;
gad;gLj;j KbAkh?
,jw;F msj;jy; ehlh kpfg;-
nghUj;jkhdJ.
tbfhy ; xd ; w pd ; Moj ;ij
msg;gjw;F Neu;tpspk;G my;yJ
nrd;u pk Pw ;wu ; Nfhy; xd;iwg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
ghlrhiy tstpy;> kuj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;s
tl;ltbt kjpiy my;yJ tiuag;gl;l
tl ; ltbt vy ;iyia msf ;f
Ntz;baJ mtrpak; vdf; $Wq;fs;.
,jw;fhf Vw;w ,lj;Jf;F mioj;Jr;
nry;Yq;fs;.
,e;j msitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ
vt;thW vd khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;.
mtu;fs; gy;NtW tpjkhd tpil-
fisf; $Wtu;. msf;f Ntz;ba
vy;iyapy; fapiwr; Rw;wp> me;jf;
fapw;wpd;; ePsj;ij kPw;wu; Nfhy; my;yJ
msj;jy; ehlhitf; nfhz;L msg;gJ
vd;gJ ,yFthd Kiwnad;gijf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
msj;jy; ehlh my;yJ E}y;> fapW
vd;gtw;Wld; kPw;wu; Nfhiyg; gad;-
gLj;jp> ePsj;ij msf;Fk; gy;NtW
re;ju;g;gq;fs; njhlu;ghd mDgtq;-
fSld; khztiu tpisahl;Lfspy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
ghlrhiy tstpy; mjpf J}uj;jpy;
mike;Js;s ,uz;L ,lq;fSf;F
,ilNaAs;s J}uj;ij msg;gjw;fhd
re;ju;g;gj;ij xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: gy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
159 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ Rw;wsT
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ msj;jy; ehlh
³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;
³ nrd;upkPw;wu; Nfhy;
³ xg ; gil ml ;il > (k P w ; w u ; >
nrd;u pk Pw ;wu ;fspy; ngUf;fy;>
tFj;jy; nfhz;l gpurpdq;fs;
mlq;fpaJ)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
cq;fs; 3 kPw;wu; ePsKk; 2 kPw;wu;
mfyKk; nfhz;l ghj;jpnahd;wpw;F
Ntypailf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; vt;tsT
ePskhd fapW Njit? vd khztuplk;
tpdTq;fs;.
mt;thwhd ghj;jpapd; ePsj;ijAk;
mfyj;ijAk; Rw;wpf; fapw;why; mse;J
nfhz;L gpd;du; mf;fapw;wpd; cz;ik
msit mse;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
xt;nthU gf;fj;jpd; ePsj;ijAk;
$l;Ltjhy; fapw;wpd; ePsj;ijf; fhz
KbAk;.
,uz;L ,lq ;fSk; rkjiuapy ;
mike;jpUf;fhtpby; vd;d nra;ayhk;?
mt;tplq;fSf;F ,ilNa ,lu;fs; /
jilfs; (tbfhy;> fw;fs;) ,Ue;jhy;
vd;d nra;ayhk;? Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
,uz ;L ,lq ;fSf ;Fk pilNa
fa pw ; w pdhy ; mse ;j g pd ;du ;
mf;fapw;wpd; ePsj;ij cgfuzq;fshy;
mse;J ghu;g;gJ ,yFthdJ vd;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fapW mjpf ePskhapd; fapw;wpy;
msj;jy; cgfuzj;ijg; nghUj;jp
ePsj;ij msg;gij tpl> cgfuzj;ij
epiyahf itj;Jf; fapw;iw me;j
mstpd;kPJ ,izj;J itj;J mse;J-
nfhs;syhk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;ig trjpf ;Nfw;g FOf;f-
shf;Fq;fs;.
tise;j gFjpfis msg;gjw;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd fapW> E}y; Nghd;w-
tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jf;$bathW
Rw;wsT> Mok; Nghd;wtw;iw
msf;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; mlq;fpa
gl;bay; xd;iwf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOf;fs; xd;wpize;J xt;nthU
re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mse;J ghu;f;fTk;>
mtw;wpd; msTfis jkJ gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xt ;nthU re ; j u ; g ; gj ; j pYk ;
khztu;fs; kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd
msj;jy; cgfuzj;ij / topKiw-
iag ; gad ; gLj ;Jf p w h u ; fsh
vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
,lu ; g ; gLf pd ; w khztUf ;F
cjtpfis toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;
(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 55555
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
160Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
3 m + 2 m + 3 m + 2 m } 10 mghj;jpapd; ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk;
$l;b 2 My; ngUf;fpdhy; fapw;wpd;
ePsj;ijf; fhz KbAk;.
^3 m + 2 m & x 2 } 5 m x 2 } 10 m^,jw;Nfw;g ghj;jpiar; Rw;wpAs;s ePsk;
mjd; Rw;wsT MFk;.&
kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; cs;slq;fpa
ngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fs;
rpytw;iwr; nra;Kiwr; re;ju;g;gq;-
fshf Kd;itj ;J khztUld;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
xU ad;dypd; ePsk; 1m 12 cmMFk;. mt;thwhd 6 ad;dy;-
fSf ;Fj ; j piua pLtjw ;Fj ;
Njitahd Jzpapd; ePsj;ijf;
fhZq;fs;.
m cmxU ad;dYf;Fj;
Njitahd Jzp } 1 126 ad;dy;fSf;Fj;
Njitahd Jzp } « 66 72
mjd ; gb 6m 72m msthd Jzp
mtrpakhFk;.
gpd;tUkhwhd fzpjg; gapw;rpfis
nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghl;Lld; njhlu;G-
gLj;jp Kd;itAq;fs;.
(i) 18 m 36 cm ÷ 3(ii) 2 m 15cm « 5(iii) 12 m 40 cm ÷ 4
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztu;fisf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
FOf;fSf;F xg;gil ml;ilia
toq;Fq;fs;.
FOf;fspilNa fye;Jiuahb
xg;gil ml;ilapYs;s gpurpdq;-
fisj; jPu;f;fTk; mtw;iwg; gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOf;fspilNa xg;gil ml;il-
fis khw;wpf;nfhz;L gpurpdq;-
fisj; jPu;g;gjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu ; FOr;nraw ;ghLfspy ;
<Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ FOf;fSf;Fr;
nrd;W> ,lu;g;gLk; khztu;fSf;Fj;
Njitahd cjtpfis toq;Fq;-
fs;.
ghlE}ypy; cs;s cupa gapw;rpfspy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
161 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ngUf;fk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ vz; ml;il
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
vz; Nfhyq;fs; njhlu;ghf khztu;
ngw;Ws;s Kd;dwpit Nkk;gLj;J
tjw ; f hd r py t pdhf ; fis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
2 > 4 > 6 > 8 vDk ; Nfhyj ;j py ;
mLj;JtUk; ,U vz;fSf;fpilNa
cs;s njhlu;G vd;d?
mj py ; mLj ;J tUk ; vz ;fs ;
rpytw;iwf; $WkhW $Wq;fs;.
2 ,d; ngUf;fkhf tUk; vz;Nfhy-
nkhd ;iw Kd ;itj ;J mj py ;
mLj;JtUk; vz;fSf;fpilNa cs;s
njhlu;G ahnjd tpdTq;fs;.
3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jldhd vz;Nfhy-
nkhd;iwAk; khztUf;F Kd;-
itAq;fs;.
g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd vz ;Nfhy
nkhd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
1" 4" 16"
,JTk; Xu; vz;Nfhynkd;gijf; $wp>
,q;F 1 I 4 My; ngUf;Fk; NghJ
4 ck; 4 I 4 My; ngUf;Fk;NghJ
16 ck; tUk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
,jd;gb mLj;JtUk; vz; 16 x 4 = 64vd;gijf; $Wq;fs; . mjidAk;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
1" 4" 16" 64
mLj;JtUk; vz;izf; $Wtjw;F
khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
Kjy; Muk;g vz;iz khw;wp> 4 My;
ngUf ;Fk ; kw ;nwhU vz;Nfhy-
nkhd;iw> khztu; gq;fspg;Gld;
fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 3> 12> 48> 192
gpd;tUtd Nghd;w vz; Nfhyq;fs;
rpytw;iw khztu;fSf;F mwpKfg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 128" 32" 8" 21" 4" 1" 4" 1
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiur ; r p w pa FOf ;f
shf;Fq;fs;.
xt ;nthU FOTf;Fk ; 4 ,d;
ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhy-
nkhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; tifapy;>
vz;Nfhyj;jpd; Muk;g vz;zhff;
nfhs;tjw;F Vw;w vz;fs; mlq;fpa
vz ;ml ;ilfs ; kw ;Wk ; vz ; -
Nfhyq;fis vOJtjw;Fj; jhs;fs;
vd;gtw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1 2 3 128 64 256
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : 4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd
vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
30 30 30 30 30
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
162Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOf;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l vz;
ml;ilfis vz;fs; njupahjthW
Nkirapy; ftpo;j;J itf;FkhW
$Wq;fs;.
Kjypy; xU khztid vz;
ml;ilnahd;iw vLj;J> mjpYs;s
vz;izf; fljhrpapy; vOJkhW
$Wq;fs;. kw;nwhU khztid>
mt;ntz;iz 4 My; ngUf;F-
tjhy; my;yJ tFg;gjhy; tUk;
vz;iz mjw;F mUfpy; vOJkhW
$Wq;fs;. ,JNghd;W FOtpYs;s
vy;yh khztu;fSk; Nru ;e ;J
vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t ;t pjkhf xt;nthU khz-
tDf ;Fk ; vz ;Nfhyj ;ijf ;
fl ;bnaOg ;Gtjw ;fhd Muk ;g
vz;iz vOJtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
f pilf ;Fk ; tifapy ; 4 ,d ;
ngUf ;fkhf mikAk ; vz ; -
Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw Mf;Ftjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;b-
Uf;ifapy; mtu;fs; xt;nthU
vz;izAk; rupahd Kiwapy; 4
My; ngUf;fpNah my;yJ tFj;Njh
,t ;ntz ;Nfhyj ;ijf ; fl ; b -
naOg ; Gf p w h u ; fsh vd ; gij
mtjhdpAq;fs;.
khztiug; gpd;tUk; Nfhyq;fis
mikg;gjpYk; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 2> 8> 2> 8> 2
4> 16> 4> 16
FOr;nraw;ghL epiwT ngw;w gpd;du;
mtu ;fs ; fl ;bnaOg ;g pa vz;
Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;-
itg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ ngUf;fk;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
5My ; ngUf ;fk ; njhlu ; g hd
epidt+l;lYf;fhfr; rpy tpdhf;fis
tpdTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Ie;J juk; ,uz;L vj;jid?
ehd;if Ie;jhy; ngUf;fpdhy;
tpil ahJ?
Ie;J juk; MW vj;jid?
nghJ tpj ;j pahrk ; 5 MfTs;s
vz;Nfhynkhd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy;
vOjp> mjpy; mLj;J mike;Js;s ,U
vz;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhlu;G
ahnjd khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 1> 6> 11> 16
,jpy; ,U vz;fSf;fpilNa cs;s
t pj ;j pahrk ; 5 MFk ; vd ;gij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; vz; Nfhyj;ij vOjpf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
1> 5> 25
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:5 ,d ; ngUf ;fk5 ,d; ngUf ;fk5 ,d; ngUf ;fk5 ,d; ngUf ;fk5 ,d; ngUf ;fk ; nfhz ;l; nfhz ;l; nfhz ;l; nfhz ;l; nfhz ;l vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ; vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ; vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ; vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ; vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
163 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,jpy; KjyhtJ vz;iz 5 My;
ngUf;Ftjhy; ,uz;lhk; vz;Zk;
,uz ;lhk ; vz ;iz 5 My ;
ngUf;Ftjhy; %d;whk; vz;Zk;
ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
mLj;JtUk; vz; ahnjd khztuplk;
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;. mijf; $Wtjw;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
1> 5> 25> 125
,J 5 ,d; ngUf;fkhf mikAk;
vz;Nfhyk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
Muk;g vz;iz khw;wpf;nfhz;L>
NkYk ; r py vz ;Nfhyq ;fis
khztuJ gq ;fs pg ; Gld ; fl ;b -
naOg;Gq;fs;.
(,t;thW 5 ,d; ngUf;fkhf mikAk;
vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk;NghJ
1> 2> 3> 4 Mfpa vz;fis kl;LNk
Muk;g vz;fshff; fUJq;fs;)
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd vz;Nfhyq;fisf;
fl;banaOg;Gk; tpjj;ij khztu;-
fSf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 375" 75" 15" 3
(,q ;F Muk ; g vz ; 5 My ;
tFf ;fg ; gl ; ljhy ; mLj ;j vz ;
ngwg;gl;lJ vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;)
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ,Utu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd xg ; gil -
nahd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s vz;fis Muk;g
vz;fshff ; nfhz;L 5 ,d ;
ngUf;fk; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;
fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
1' 1> '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''2' 3> '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''3' 250> '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''4' 125> '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu;fs; xg;giliag; g+u;j;jp
nra;Ak; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ FOf ;fSf ;Fr ; nrd ;W
mtjhdpj;Jj;> Njitahd cjtp-
fis toq;Fq;fs;.
khztu; rupahd tpsf;fj;Jld;
ngUf;fy; Nfhyj;ijf; fl;banOg;G-
f pwhu ; fsh > vd ; gij NkYk ;
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj; njhlu;e;Jk;
gapw;rpapy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
164Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
- &gha; 5 ehzaq;fs; 4 ,dJk;
&gha; 50 jhs;fhR 1 ,dJk;
nkhj;jg; ngWkjp vt;tsT?
- &gha; 500 jhs;fhrpypUe;J
&gha; 475 nfhLj;J tpisahl;Lf;
fhnuhd;iw thq;fpajd; gpd;du;
kPjp vt;tsT?
tpiyg;gl;baypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s
nghUs;fspd ; tpiyfisr; r py
khztiu thr pg ; gjw ;F to pg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
xU khztid tpahghupahfTk;
FOtpYs;s ,d;ndhU khztd;
thq ;FNthdhfTk ; ebg ; gjw ;F
tFg ; g pd ; Kd ;dhy ; tUkhW
mioAq;fs;.
mtd; Gj ;jfnkhd;iwAk; e pwr ;
Rz ;zf ;fl ; bg ; ngl ; biaAk ; >
NgidiaAk; epwg;ngd;rpy;fisAk;
tpiyf;F thq;FkhW mtu;fis
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,tw;Wf;fhf tpahghupf;F &gha; 500
jhs;fhirj; jUtjhff;$wp vQ;rpa
gzj ;ijf ; fhz ;gjw ;F to pg ; -
gLj;Jq;fs;.
tpahghup fUk;gyifapy; ,t;thW
vOJtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
&gha; 125.00
&gha; 90.00
&gha; 105.00
&gha; 95.00
&gha; 415.00
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;
thq;fthq;fthq;fthq;fthq;fy;fspy;y;fspy;y;fspy;y;fspy;y;fspy; <LgLthu;. <LgLthu;. <LgLthu;. <LgLthu;. <LgLthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : nfhLf ;fy ; thq ;nfhLf ;fy ; thq ;nfhLf ;fy ; thq ;nfhLf ;fy ; thq ;nfhLf ;fy ; thq ; fy ; fisfy ;fisfy ;fisfy ;fisfy ;fis ,yFthf ;f pf ; ,yFthf ;f pf ; ,yFthf ;f pf ; ,yFthf ;f pf ; ,yFthf ;f pf ;
nfhs;tjw;Fnfhs;tjw;Fnfhs;tjw;Fnfhs;tjw;Fnfhs;tjw;Fr;r;r;r;r; rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;. rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;. rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;. rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;. rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
gzk; 2gzk; 2gzk; 2gzk; 2gzk; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
32 32 32 32 32
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ tpiyg;gl;bay;
³ &gha; ³ rjk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ tpiyg;gl;bay;
nghUs; tpiy
&gh rjk;
Gj;jfk; 125 00Ngid 105 00epwr; Rz;zf;fl;b ngl;b 90 00epwg; ngd;rpy; ngl;b 95 00
ge;J 62 50
fpupf;nfl; kl;il 108 00
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
gpd;tUk; kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis
tpdhTq;fs;.
- &gha ; 4 rjk ; 5 0 ,w ;F
nfha;ahg;gok; xd;W thq;F
tjw;Fj; Njitahd kpfr; rpwpa
ehzak; ahJ?
- &gha ; 1 0 jhs ;f hRfisf ;
nfhLj;J xd;W &gha; 4.00
tpiyAs;s mopwg ;gu ;fs ; 2
thq;fpajd; gpd;du; kPjp vt;tsT?
- &gha; 17 rjk; 50 ,w;Fg; Ngdh
xd;W thq;fp &gha; 20.00 If;
nfhLj;jhy; kPjp vt;tsT?
(tFg;gpy;
Vida
khztiuAk;
,izj;Jf;
nfhz;L
nghUl;fspd;
tpiyia
vOjpf;
$l;Ltu;.)
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
165 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
(njspthf trdk; vOjpf; fhl;Lq;fs;.)
tFg;gpYs;NshUld; fye;Jiuahb
gpd;tUkhW kPjpiaf; fhzyhk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.)
&gha; 415 + &gha; 5&gha; 420 + &gha; 10&gha; 430 + &gha; 20&gha; 450 + &gha; 50 = &gha; 500
kPjpg;gzk; &gha; 5 + &gha; 10 + &gha; 20 + &gha; 50 = &gha; 85.00
kPjpg; gzj;ijf; fhzf;$ba khw;W
topfisg; gw;wp tpdhTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1. &gha; 500 - &gha; 400 = &gha; 100 &gha; 100 - &gha; 15 = &gha; 85
2. &gha; 415 + &gha; 15 + &gha; 70 &gha; 415 + &gha; 35 + &gha; 50
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
jahupf;fg;gl;l tpiyg;gl;banyhd;W
tPjk; FOf;fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
KbAkha pd ; t piyg ; gl ; baiy
midtUk; ghu;f;Fk;gb fhl;rpg ;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
Gj;jfnkhd;W> Ngdhnthd;W> epwg;
ngd;rpy; ngl;bnahd;W> fpupf;fw;
kl ;ilnahd ;W Mf patw ;iw
tpiyf;F thq;Ftjw;F vt;tsT
gzk; Njit?
&gha ; 1000 nfhLj ;jhy ; k Pj pg ;
gzj ;ijf ; fhz ; gjw ;F to p g ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
,jw;F rpl;ilnahd;W jahupf;FkhW
khztiu mwpTWj;Jq;fs;. xt;nthU
FOTk; jahupj ;j rpl ;ilfisf;
fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis khztUf;F
Kd ;itAq ;fs ; . khztu ; fis
jdpj;jdpahf tpiliaf; fhZkhW
$Wq;fs;.
,q ;F fhl ;lg ;gl ;Ls ;s tpiyg ; -
gl;baiyg; gad;gLj;jp>
1. ,uz;L
2. %d;W
nghUs;fSf;fhd rpl ;ilfisj;
jahupAq;fs;.
nkhj;j tpiyiaf; fhZq;fs;.
nkhj ;jg ; gzj ;j pw ;Ff ; f pl ; ba
jhs;fhirf; nfhLj;J kPjpg; gzj;ijf;
fhZkhW $Wq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nkJthff; fw;NghUf;F tpiyfs; 100
,d;> 50 ,d; klq;Ffshf ,Uf;FkhW
jahu pj ;J ,yFthff ; $l ;lf ;
$bathW nghUs;fisj; njupT
nra;J> rpl;ilfs; jahupg ;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
166Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s tpiyg;gl;bay;
tpiyg;gl;bay;
1 kg rPdp &. 58.50
1 kg rptg;G gUg;G &.210.00
500g Njapiyj;J}s; &.196.50
1kg cUisf;fpoq;F &. 78.00
1 kg ghrpg;gaW &.180.00
100 kg kpsfha;j;J}s; &. 34.00
100g fliy &.165.00
1 igf;fw;W gg;glk; &. 22.00
1 upd; kPd; &.168.00
500g ntq;fhak; &. 37.50
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd kdf ;fzpj
tpdhf;fis tpdhTq;fs;.
- &gha; 10 If; nfhLj;J &gha; 7
2 5 rjj ; j p w ;F rhkhd ;fs ;
thq;fpajd; gpd;du; kPjp vt;tsT?
- &gha; 8 50 rjk; tpiyAs;s
nfha;ahg; gonkhd;iw thq;fp
&gha; 10 If; nfhLj;jhy; kPjp
vt;tsT?
- Ngdh xd;W &gha; 10.00 ck;
Gj;jfnkhd;W &gha; 15.00 ck;
MFk; vdpd;> ,uz;bdJk; tpiy
ahJ?
- &gha ; 2 0 I &gha ; 5
ehzaq ;fshf khw ; w pdhy ;
vj;jid ehzaq;fs; fpilf;Fk;?
- &gha; 50 Mtjw;F &gha; 42;
50 rjj;jpw;F ,d;Dk; vt;tsT
Njit?
- ,UgJ 50 rj ehzaq;fSf;F
rkdhd jhs;fhrpd; ngWkjp
ahJ?
tpiyg;gl;baiy tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
rpy khztuplk; njupTnra;ag;gl;l
nghUs;fspd; tpiyfisf; Nfl;l
wpAq;fs;.
e Pq ;fs ; tpiyiaf; $Wk;NghJ
mjw;Fupa nghUisf; $WkhW rpy
khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.
rpl;ilnahd;W jahupf;fg; Nghtjhff;
$w p > g pd ;tUk ; nghUs ;fs pd ;
gl;baiyf; fUk;gyifapy; vOjpf;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
1kg ghrpg;gaW - ..........
250g kpsfha;j;J}s; - ..........
500g cUisf; fpow;F - .........
100g rpd;d ntq;fhak; - ..........
100g Njapiyj;J}s; - ..........
tFg ; g py ; cs ;s khztUld ;
fye;Jiuahb tpiyfis vOJq;fs;.
r py nghUs ;fs pd ; t piyia
mDkhdpj;Jf; $WkhW $Wq;fs;.
mtw ; w pd ; t piyfisf ; fUk ;
gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
gpd;du; mtw;wpd; $l;Lj;njhifia
khztuplk; ,Ue;J ngWq;fs;.
mDkhd pj ; j njhifiaAk ;
cz;ikj; njhifiaAk; xg;gpLq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt ;nthU FOtpw ;Fk ; t piyg ; -
gl;banyhd;W tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
1kg cUisf; fpoq;F
1 upd; kPd;
2 igf;fw;Wfs; gg;glk;
250g rpd;d ntq;fhak;
250g ghrpg;gaW
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd
rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 2>32>32>32>32>3
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
167 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nkhj;jg; gzj;ijAk; Kjypy;
mDkhdpj;Jf; nfhz;L> gpd;du;
fzpj;Jg; ghu;f;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
gzj ;ijr ; nrYj ;jf ;$ba r py
topKiwfis vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.
nkhj;jg ; gzj;ij mDkhdpj ;j
tpjj;ijAk; nrYj;jf;$ba Kiw-
fisAk; tptupg;gjw;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
nkhj;jg; gzj;jpw;Ff; fpl;ba $ba
jhs ;fhirf ; nfhLj ;J vQ ;r pa
gzj;ijg; ngwf;$ba Kiwfisf;
fye;JiuahLtjpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
ePq;fs; jahupj;j tpiyg;gl;baiy
Kd;itj;J mjpypUe;J 5 nghUs;fs;
kl ;Lk ; cs ;s gl ;baYf ;fhfr ;
r pl ;ilnahd;iwj; jahupg ;gjw ;F
khztiu to p g ; gLj ;Jq ;fs ; .
tpiyiaf; fhZk;NghJ tFj;jYk;
ngUf;fYk; cs;slq;FkhW nghUs;-
fisj; njupTnra;Aq;fs;.
mg;gzj;njhifia mspf;ff;$ba
Kiwfs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
nkJthff; fw;NghUf;F &gha;fspy;
kl;Lk; (rj msTfs; ,y;yhjthW)
r pl ;il jahu p g ; gjw ;F xOq ;F
nra ;Aq ;fs ; . 3 nghUs ;fSf ;F
kl;Lg;gLj;jpf;; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Ntfkhff; fw;NghUf;F 25 rjKk;
cs;slq;fpa fzf;Ffis toq;F-
q;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
168Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ g+r;rpak;> jrk; xd;W> ,uz;L......
xd;gJ
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ 10 rk gq;Ffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;l
fljhrpf; fPyk;
³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; 1 ,ypUe;J
9 tiu vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l vz;
ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;
³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; XusT
ngupa fljhrp (A3 msT)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
fljhrpf; fPyj;ij khztUf;Ff;
fhl;Lq;fs;. mjd; eLtpy; ,uz;lhf
kbAq;fs;. mjd; xU gFjp KOtjpd;
vd;d gq;F vd;gij tpdTq;fs;. mJ
MFk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
kw ;nwhU fljhr pf ; f Pyj ;ijf ;
fhz ;g pj ;J mijr ; rkkhd 10
gq;Ffshf kbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
,g;NghJ gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;s gq;Ffspd;
vz;zpf ;ifiaf ; fzf ;f pLkhW
$Wq;fs;.
mjpy; 10 gq;Ffs; cs;sd vDk;
tpiliag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
xU gq;if epwe; jPl;b> mg;gFjp
KOtjpd; vd;d gq;F vd;gij
Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
khztu; tpil $wpaJk; mJ
vd;W fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fis Kd;itj;J
khztiu t pilas pg ; gjw ;F
topg;gLj;jpj; 'jrkj;ij" mwpKfQ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
f Pyj ; j py ; fhzg ; gLk ; rkkhd
gq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if...........
epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gq;fpd; vz;zpf;if
..................
e p we ; j P l ; l g ; gl ; l gq ;Ffs ;
KOg;gq;Ffspd; ........ MFk;
mJ 'jrk; xd;W" vd miof;fg;Lk;
vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.
epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gq;F KOg;gq;Ffspd;;
vz;zpf;ifapy; jrk; xd;W vd;gij
njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.
mjid 0.1 vd vOj Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;. mjpYs;s Gs;sp
jrkGs;sp vd;W miof;fg;gLk;.
,jid 'g+r;rpak; jrk; xd;W" vd;W
$w Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;fp>
khztiuAk ; mt ;thNw $wr ; -
nra;Aq;fs;.
,d;Dk; gy fljhrpf; fPyq;fisf;
nfhz;L> g+r;rpak; jrk; ,uz;L (0.2)
Kjy; g+r;rpak; jrk; xd;gJ (0.9) tiu
NkNy $wg ;gl ;lthW mwpKfQ;
nra;Aq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU
FOtpYs;s khztuJ vz;zpf;-
iff;Fk; rkdhd mstpy; gj;jhf
kbf ;fg ;gl ;l fljhr pf ; f Pyk ; >
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>
vOJthu ; .vOJthu ; .vOJthu ; .vOJthu ; .vOJthu ; .
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : gj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;Lgj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;Lgj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;Lgj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;Lgj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;L
nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .
jrkk;jrkk;jrkk;jrkk;jrkk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
33 33 33 33 33
1
10
1
2
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
169 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
1 ,ypUe;J 9 tiu vOjg;gl;l vz;
ml;ilfs; njhFjp> XusT ngupa
fljhrp vd;gtw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
xU khztd; vz; ml;ilia
vLj;J> me;j ml;ilapYs;s
vz;zpf;iff;Fr; rkdhd gq;F
fis fljhrpf; fPyj;jpy; epwe;
jPl;LkhW $Wq;fs;.
mf;fljhrpf; fPyj;ijg; ngupa
jhspy; xl;b> mjpy; fhl;lg;gLs;s
jrk vz;zpf;ifia vOjTk;
thrpf;fTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
0'4 - g+r;rpak; jrk; ehd;F
Nkw;$wg;gl;Ls;sthW FOTf;Ff;
f pilj ;j vy ;yhf ; fljhr pf ; -
fPyq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpj; jrk
vz;fisf; fzf;fpl;L mjidg;
ngupa fljhrpapy; vOJtjw;F
xOq;Fnra;Aq;fs;.
FOr;nraw;ghLfs; epiwTngw;wJk;
xt;nthU FOTk; vOjpa jrk
vz;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
g pd ;tUkhwhd ga pw ; r p fs py ;
khztiu <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
1' rJuf;Nfhbl;l jhs; xd;wpy;
mUfUNf gj ;Jf ;fl ;lq ;fs ;
cs ;sthW f Pynkhd ;iw
tiue;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
3 fl ; lq ;fis e pwe ; j P l ; b >
epwe;j Pl ;ba gFjpfis jrk
vz;zpy; vOJq;fs;.
2' NkYk ; 1 0 fl ; lq ; fis
milahskpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
8 fl;lq;fis epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;.
epwe;jPl;ba gq;Ffis jrk
vz;zpy; vOJq;fs;.
3' NkYk ; 1 0 fl ; lq ; fis
vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjpy;> 71 0
I epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;. epwe;jPl;ba
gq ;Ffis jrk vz ;z py ;
vOJq;fs;.
4' 1 0 fl ; lq ; fis vLq ;fs ; .
mtw;wpy; 0.9 fl;lq;fSf;F
epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;
,J njhlu ; g hff ; Fiwthd
tpsf ;fk ; cs;s khztu ;fs ;
,Ug ; g pd ; ,r ; nraw ; g hl ;il
gyjlitfs ; Kd ;itj ;Jg ;
gapw;rpfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOf;fSf;F xd;Wld; xd;W
,izf ;ff ;$ba ,uz ;L
epwq;fspyhd 20 nrd;up fpa+g;fs;
my ;yJ 2cm x 2cm x 2cmmsTs;s rJuKfp tbtq;fs;
(xU epwj;jpy; 10 fdf;Fw;wpfs;)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ghlj;ij Muk;gpf;F Kd;du; gpd;tUk;
tpjkhd kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis
Kd ;itj ;J khztiu t pil
$Wtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
jrk vz; vd;wthW $Wq;fs;.
0.3 gj;jpd; vd;d gq;F?
,U e pwq ;fisf ; nfhz;l 20
fdf;Fw;wpfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itAq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;
vdf; $Wthu;.vdf; $Wthu;.vdf; $Wthu;.vdf; $Wthu;.vdf; $Wthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
1cm
1cm
1cm
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
170Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
xU khztid mioj;J vOkhw;whf
10 fdf ;Fw ;w pfis vLf ;FkhW
$Wq;fs;.
xNu epwKila fdf;Fw;w pfis
mUfUNf mikAkhW 10 rJuf;Fw;wp
-fisAk; nghUj;jp ePz;l fPynkhd;iw
cUthf;Fq;fs;.
cUthf;fpa fPyj;ijg; gw;wp
ciuahLq;fs;.
fdf ;Fw ; w p fs pd ; nkhj ; j
vz;zpf;if> xU epwj;jpy cs;s
fdf;Fw;wpfspd; vz;zpf;if>
kw ; nwhU e pwj ; j py ; cs ;s
fdf;Fw;wpfspd; vz;zpf;iffs;
Nghd;wtw;iw khztu;fsplk;
Nfl;lwpe;J> ,t;thwhd tpil
fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
gj;J fdf;Fw;wpfs; nfhz;l
tupirapy; 4 rptg;G epwkhdit.
6 kQ;rs; epwkhdit.
,tw ;iwf ; fUk ; gyifa py ;
tiue;J Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
rptg;G epwk;
KO tupirapd; 0.4 rptg;G epwk;
kQ;rs; epwk;
KO tupirapd; 0.6 kQ;rs; epwk;
kPz;Lk; fdf;Fw;wpfisf; fiyj;J-
tpl;L> vOkhw;whf 10 fdf;Fw;wpfis
vLj;J Nkw;$wg;gl;l nraw;ghLfis
kPz;Lk; nra;tpAq;fs;.
0.2> 0.3 xOq;fpy; 0.9 tiu fdf;Fw;wp-
fis nghUj;jpf; fhz;gpj;J> xNu epwf;
fdf;Fw;wpfs; 10 I KOg;gq;Ffs;
vdTk; 0.1 gj;Jg; gq;Ffshy; ,Ue;J
Mf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fdf; Fw;wp; ,y;iynadpy; 2cm x 2cmmsTs ;s rJuf ; fljhr pfis
fPynkhd;whf mikj;Jf;nfhs;tjd;
%yk; NkNy cs;s nraw;ghLfisr;
nra;tjw;F khztu;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
1234567123456712345671234567
1234123412341234
1234123412341234
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztu; FOf;fSf;F ,U epwq;fs;
nfhz;l fdf;Fw;wpfs; 20 (xU
epwj;jpy; 10) toq;Fq;fs;.
xU khztDf;F ,uz;L epwq;fs;
fpilf;Fk; tpjkhf fdf;Fw;wpfs;
10 Ij; njupe;Jnfhz;L fPyq;fis
cUthf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
mj py ; fhl ; lg ; gLk ; jrk
vz ;zpf ;ifia thr pf ;FkhW
$Wq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fdf;Fw;wpfs; 3 rptg;G epwKk; 7
kQ;rs; epwKk; nfhz;bUg;gpd;
rptg;G epwg;gq;Ffs; KOtjpd; ......
0.3 MFk;.
kQ;rs; epwg;gq;Ffs; KOtjpd;.......
0.7 MFk;.
,e ; j t pjkhf FOt pYs ;s
rfyUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;
tiuapy; ,r;nraw;ghl;by; khztiu
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
rJuf ;fl ;il f pilf ;fhjNghJ
2cmx2cm ,U epwq;fisf; nfhz;l
fl ; lq ; fisg ; gad ; gLj ; j p r ;
nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gapw;rpfspy;
khztiu <Lglr;nra;Aq;fs;.
1' epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gq;Ffis jrk
vz;zpy; vOJq;fs;.
2' fl;lj;jpy; 0.7 I epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;.
epwe;jPl;ba gq;F KOtjpd; ....g+r;rpak;
jrk; .........
epwe;jPl;ba gq;F KOtjpd; ......... g+r;rpak;
jrk; .....
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
171 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOr;nraw;ghLfSf;fhf> $l;ly;>
fopj;jy; fzf;Ffs; (5tiu)
mlq;fpa xg;gil ml;il.
³ Ntfkhfr; nraw;ghl;il Kbf;Fk;
FOf;fSf;fhfg; gpurpdq;fs;
vOjg;gl;l ml;il.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
msj;jy; njhlu;ghd rpy kdf;fzpj
tpdhf;fis tpdtpathW ghlj;ij
Muk;gpAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
xU fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid fpuhk;fs;
cs;sd?
xU fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid 250
fpuhk;fs; cs;sd?
750 fpuhk;fSld; 500 fpuhk;fisf;
$l;bdhy; vt;tsT?
1kg 250 g ,y; 500 g I fopj;jhy; kPjpvt;tsT?
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis
Kd;itj;Jf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
,uz;L g+rzpf;fha;fs; cs;sd.
xd;wpd; epiw 3kg 430g MFk;. kw;iwa
g+rzpapd; epiw 1kg 825 g MFk;.
,uz;L g+rzpf;fha;fspdJk; nkhj;j
epiwiaf; fhz;gjw;F vd;d nra;a
Ntz;Lk;?
vd;gij khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.
mtu ;fs ; ,uz;L fha ;fspdJk ;
epiwiaf; $l;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W gjpy;
$Wthu;fs;.
mjd;gb>
kg gKjy; g+rzpapd; epiw } 3 430,uz;lhtJ g+rzpapd;
epiw } +1 825,uz;bdJk; epiw } 5 255
mjd;gb ,uz;L fha;fspdJk; epiw
5kg 255g vd;gij tpsf;fp mjid
vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
muprp %ilapy; 27 kg 650g muprp
,Ue;jJ. mjpy; muprp 14 kg 750gtpw;w gpd;> kPjKs;s muprpapd; epiw
vd;d?
,g;gpurpdj;ij tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J
tpiliaf; fhz Ntz;ba topKiw
vd;dntd;gij khztuplk; tpd
Tq;fs;.
mjd;gb> kg gKjypy; ,Ue;j
muprpapd; msT } 27 650tpw;w muprpapd; msT } - 14 750kPjKs;s muprpapd;
msT } 12 900
,t;thW rpy gpurpdq;fis Kd;itj;J
mjw;fhd tpiliaf; fhz;gjw;F
vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf;
$Wtjw;F khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>
nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;
my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : fpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpafpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpafpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpafpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpafpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpa
vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.
epiw 2epiw 2epiw 2epiw 2epiw 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
34 34 34 34 34
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
172Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xg;gil
ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.
mg;gpurpdq;fisj; jkJ gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpj; jPu;g;gjw;Fk;
Njitahd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; FOf;f
spilNa fye;Jiuahb> fUj;Jf;
fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;
khztu ;fSf ;Fr ; re ;ju ; g ; gk ;
toq;Fq;fs;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FO Ntiyf;fhfg; ngUf;fy;
gpurpdq;fs; mlq;fpa ml;ilfs;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ngUf;fy; njhlu;ghd Kd;dwpit
kPl;lYf;fhf> kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fs;
rpytw;iw tpdTq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
epiunahd;wpy; 75 fjpiufs;
cs;sd. mt;thwhd 2 epiufspy;
cs;s fjpiufs; vj;jid?
ignahd;wpy; 11 khk;goq;fs;
cs;sd. mt;thwhd 9 igfspy;
cs;s khk;goq;fs; vj;jid?
fpoq;F %ilnahd;wpd; epiw 70
fpNyhfpuhk; MFk;. mt;thwhd
7 fpoq;F %ilfspd; epiw ahJ?
nghjpnahd;wpd; epiw 750 fpuhk;
MFk;. mt;thwhd 2 nghjpfspd;
epiw ahJ?
fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; nfhz;l> nfhz;L
nry;yy; ,y;yhj ,yFthd ngUf;fy;
gpurpdq;fis khztUf;F Kd;itj;J
Ntfkhf Ntiyia e piwT
nra ;Ak ; FOf ;fs ; ,Ug ;g pd ; >
mtu;fSf;nfd jahupf ;fg ;gl ;l
xg ; gil ml ;ilia toq ;f p >
mjpYs;s gpurpdq;fis vOjpj;
jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; FOf;fshfg; gpurpdk;
jPu;f;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; vy;yhf;
FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W Njitahd
topfhl;liy toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; myF myF myF myF myF mlq ;f pamlq ;f pamlq ;f pamlq ;f pamlq ;f pa nfhz ;L nfhz ;L nfhz ;L nfhz ;L nfhz ;L
nry;yy; ,y;yhjnry;yy; ,y;yhjnry;yy; ,y;yhjnry;yy; ,y;yhjnry;yy; ,y;yhj ngUf;fy;ngUf;fy;ngUf;fy;ngUf;fy;ngUf;fy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
mtw ;iwj ; j P u ; f ;Fk ; t pjj ;ij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
nghjpnahd;wpd; epiw 20 fpNyhfpuhk;
200 fpuhk; MFk;. mt;thwhd 3
nghjpfspd; epiw vt;tsT?
fPNo fhl;lg ;gl ;Ls;s Kiwfis
khztu plk ; ,Ue ;J nts pf ;
nfhzUq;fs;.
Kiw 1
($l;ly; %yk;)
20 kg 200 g20 kg 200 g20 kg 200 g60 kg 600 g
Kiw 2 (myFfSld; ngUf;fy;)
20kg 200gx3
60kg 600g
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
173 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Kiw 3Kiw 3Kiw 3Kiw 3Kiw 3
(myFfspd; epuy;fspy; ngUf;fy;)
kg g20 200
x 3 60 600
trdk; vOjpf; fzf;ifr; nra;J tpil
fhz ;gjw ;F khztiu to p g ;
gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . mjw ; Nfw ; wthW
khztUld; fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;
gyifapy; vOjpg ; gpurpdj;ijj;
jPu;j;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
nghjpnahd;wpd; epiw
} 20kg 200gnghjpfspd;
vz;zpf;if } 33 nghjpfspd;
epiw } 20kg 200g x 3} 60kg 600g
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; gpd;tUk;
tpjkhd rpy ml;ilj; njhFjp
fs;.
÷ 2 '''''''''''''''' 12kg 600g ÷ 3 ''''''''''''''''
÷ 4 ''''''''''''''''
÷ 2 '''''''''''''''' 40kg 800g ÷ 4 ''''''''''''''''
÷ 5 ''''''''''''''''
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW nfhz;L
nry;yypd;wp fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;
myFfs; cs;slq;fpa 5 gpurpd-
q;fs; tPjk; cs;s 5 ml;ilfis
xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; xt;nthd;W
tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.
ml;ilfspy; cs;s fzf;Ffis
trdk; vOjpg; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy;
nra;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOf ;fs pilNa ml ;ilfis
khw;wpf; nfhz;L NkYk; fzf;F-
fisr ; nra ;tjw ;F cw;rhfg ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
,t;thwhf 3 vOj;J tbtpyhd
g p u r pdq ;fis Kd ;itj ;J
nghUj;jkhdthW trdk; vOjpj;
jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: f p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f paf p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f paf p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f paf p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f paf p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f pa
vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3ghlk; 3
÷ 2 '''''''''''''''' 15kg 450g
÷ 5 ''''''''''''''''
÷ 2 ''''''''''''''''÷ 3 ''''''''''''''''
60kg 540g÷ 4 ''''''''''''''''÷ 5 ''''''''''''''''
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Kd;dwpT njhlu;ghf kdf;fzpj
tpdhf;fs; rpytw;iw tpdhTq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
174Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj kPjpapd;wp
2 My;> 3 My;> 5 My; tFf;ff;$ba
vz;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fzf;Ffis
Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
16 I ,uz;lhy; tFj;jhy; tpil
ahJ?
48 khk;goq;fis ,UtupilNa
rkdhfg; gfpu;e;jhy; xUtUf;F
vj;jid khk;goq;fs; fpilf;Fk;?
25 fpNyhfpuhk; muprp ItupilNa
rkdhfg; gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;lhy;>
xUtUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; msT
vt;tsT?
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gpurpdnkhd;iw
khztUld; fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;-
gyifapy; vOjpj; jPu;j;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs;.
12 fpNyhfpuhk; 200 fpuhk; epiwAs;s
G+rzpf;fha; xd;W ,U kdpjupilNa
rkdhfg; gfpug;gl;lhy; xUtUf;Ff;
fpilf;Fk; msT ahJ?
G+rzpf;fhapd; epiw } 12 kg 200 gkdpju;fspd;
vz;zpf;if } 2xUtUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;
msT } 12 kg 200 g ÷ 2
6kg 100g 2 12kg 200g my;yJ 2 12kg 200g
12kg 6kg 100g0 200g 200g
0
xUtUf;Ff;
fpilf;Fk; msT } 6 kg 100 g
,t;thwhf ,d;DnkhU gpurpdj;ij
Kd;itj;J fUk;gyifapy; vOjpj;
jPu;g;gjw;F khztiu topg;gLj;Jqfs;.
Njitahd ,lj;jpy; MNyhrid
toq;fp tpsf;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu 4 FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
jahupj;Jf; nfhz;l ml;ilfis
4 FOf;fSf;Fk; gfpu;e;jspAq;fs;.
mtw;wpy; cs;s gpurpdq;fisg;
gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy; gpujpnra;J
nfhz ;L j P u ; g ; gjw ;F to p g ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOf;fspilNa ml;ilfis khw;wp
khw;wp toq;fp> vy;yhg; gpurpdq;
fisAk ; j P u ; g ; gjw ;F to p g ;
gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; FOf;fshf Ntiy nra;J
nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mtu;fs;
gpurpdq;fis rupahfj; jPu;f;fpd;-
wduh vd mtjhdpj;Jj; Njit
ahd NghJ cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
175 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ Neu ml;ltiz> tiuG
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gy ; NtWt pjkhd Ntiyj ;
jpl;lq;fSf;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;l
Neu ml;ltiz
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
tpisahl;Lg;Nghl;b>
Gifapujg; gazk;>
NgUe;Jg; gazk;>
guprspg;G tpoh
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
tFg;gpy; fw;gpf;Fk; ghlq;fs;> Neuk;
mlq;fpa tFg;G Neu#rpia khztu;
midtUf ;Fk ; ed ;F nju paf ;
$bathW ngupa mstpy; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
(tFg;G Neu ml;ltiz ,y;yh-
tpl;lhy; juk; 6 khztu;fSila Neu
ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;)
mj py ; mlq ;f pAs ;s jfty ;fs ;
njhlu;ghf khztUld; fye;Jiu-
ahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
ghlrhiy Muk ;gkhFk ; Neuk ; >
xt;nthU ghlj;Jf;Fk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s
Neuk;.
Neu ml;ltiz gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
Vida re;ju;g;gq;fs;> ,lq;fs; gw;wp
khztu;fsplk; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
Gifapuj epiyaj;jpy; ghtidapy;
cs;s Gifapuj Neu ml;ltiz>
guprspg;G tpoh epfo;r;rp epuy;.
Nkw;$wg;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fspy; gad;
gLj;jg;gLk; Neu ml;ltiz xd;iw
khztu;fSf;Ff; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
(Neu ml;ltizapy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l
tpguq;fs; midtUf;Fk; njupaf;
$bathW jahu p j ;Jf ; nfhs ;s
Ntz;Lk;.)
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
ghlrhiy tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bf;fhd
epfo;r;rp epuy;
jpfjp : .................
gp.g. 1'00 - gp.g. 1'15 - mjpjpfis
tuNtw;wYk;
tpisahl;Lg;Nghl;b
Muk;gKk;
gp.g. 1'15 - gp.g. 3'15 - tpisahl;Lg;
Nghl;bfs;
gp.g. 3'15 - gp.g. 3'45- clw;gapw;rpf; fz;fhl;rp
gp.g. 3'45 - gp.g. 4'15 - kupahij mzptFg;G
gp.g. 4'15 - gp.g. 4'25 - tpNrl mjpjpapd; ciu
gp.g. 4'25 - gp.g. 5'00 - gupR toq;Fjy;
gp.g. 5'00 - gp.g. 5'05 - ed;wpAiuAk;
tpoh epiwTk;
tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;b eilngWk; jpfjp>
xt;nthU nraw;ghLfSk; Muk;gkhFk;
Neuk;> KbtilAk; Neuk;> xt;nthU
re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s
Neuk; Nghd;w tpguq;fs; cs;slq;Fk;
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;
tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.
juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
35 35 35 35 35
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
176Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
tpjkhf mike;Js;s Nkw;$wg;gl;l
Neu ml;ltizapy; fhzg;gLk;
jfty;fisg; gw;wp khztu;fSld;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
Nkw ;$wg ; gl ; lthW kw ;WnkhU
vLj;Jf;fhl;L my;yJ khjpupfis
khztu;fs; thrpg;gjd; %ykhf> Neu
ml ; ltiz gw ; w pa Nghj pa
tpsf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztu ;fis FOf ;fshf ;f p >
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
tsq ;fs py ; cs ;sthW Neu
ml;ltiznahd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
FOtpYs;s midtUk; ,ize;J
mjpy; jug;gl;Ls;s jfty;fis
thrpg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Neu ml;ltizapYs;s jfty;fis
cs;slf ;f p r py trdq;fis
mtu;fsJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;
vOjpf;nfhs;s topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fz;b nry;Yk; Giftz;b Gwg;gLk;
Neuk; K.g 6'00guprspg;G tpoh KbtilAk;
Neuk; gp.g 5'00
FOf;fspilNa Neu ml;ltizia
khw ;w pf ; nfhz;L thrpg ;gjw ;Fr ;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
xt ;nthU FOTf;Fk ; nrd ;W
khztu; Neu ml;ltiziar;
rupahf thrpf;fpwhu;fsh vd;gij
tpdhf;fs; tpdtp cWjpg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
tpiuthfr; nraw;ghLfis epiwT
nra;Ak; khztu;fis ghlrhiyapy;
eilngw;w my;yJ eilngwTs;s
xU tpoh njhlu;ghd jfty;fs;
mlq ;f pa Neu ml ; ltiz-
nahd;iwj; jahupg;gjpy; <Lglr;
nra;Aq;fs;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhfg; gpd;tUk;
ml;ltiz> tiuG.
fhyp
nfhOk;G 115
fz;b 115 230
aho;g;ghzk; 318 394 509
mk;.Njhl;il 542 243 237 122
k.fsg;G 259 376 186 286 397
Gj;jsk; 269 328 267 128 131 245
³ gpujhd efuq;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl;l
,yq;ifj; Njrg;glk; xd;W.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ghlrhiyf ;F mUfhikapYs;s
efuj;jpy; ,Ue;J mLj;j efuj;jpw;F
cs;s J}uj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 22222
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
177 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
me ; efuj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J mjw ;F
mz;ikapy; cs;s efuj;jpw;F cs;s
J}uj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
KjyhtJ efuj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J
%d ;whtJ efuj ; j p w ;F cs ;s
J}uj;ijf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; tpjj;ij
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
NkNy cs ;s ml ; ltiza py ;
Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s efuq;fs; mike;Js;s
,lq;fis Njrg ;glj ;j py ; Rl ;bf ;
fhl;Lq;fs;.
gy ; NtW efuq ;fSf ;f pilNa
cs;sJ}uk; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s NkNy
cs;s ml;ltizia Kd;itAq;fs;.
efuq ; fSf ;F ,ilNa cs ;s
J}uq;fs; fpNyhkPw ;wupy; fhl;lg;-
gl;Ls;sd vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
,t;tl;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp ,U
efuq ;fSf ;F ,ilNa cs ;s
J}uq ;fisf ; fhZk ; t pjj ;ij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
ngau; Fwpf;fg;gLk; ,U efuq;fSf;F
,ilNa cs;s J}uj;ijf; fhZkhW
khztnuhUtUf ;Ff ; $Wq;fs ; .
rupahf epiu> epuy; topNa tpuiyf;
nfhz;L nrd;W J}uj;ijf; fhZk;
tpjj ;ij tFg;g py ; cs;s kw;w
khztUf;Ff; fhl;LkhW mtUf;Ff;
$Wq;fs;.
r py khztu ;fSf ;F mjw ;fhd
re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhOk;gpw;F
cs;s J}uk; ^286 km&Gj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J fz;bf;F cs;s
J}uk; 128 km&
gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gpurpdnkhd;iw
Kd;itj;Jj ; j Pu ;f ;Fk ; tpjj ;ij
tpsf;Fq;fs;.
xUtu ; kl ;lf ;fsg ; g py ; ,Ue ;J
fz;bf;Fr; nrd;W> fz;bapy; ,Ue;J
fhypf;Fr; nrd;why; gazQ; nra;j
nkhj;jj; J}uk; vt;tsT?
kl;lf;fsg;G fz;b fhyp
186 km 230 kmvdNt gazQ; nra;j
J}uk; } 186 km +230 km} 416 km
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg ;g py ; cs;s khztiuf ;
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Nkw;Fwpj;j
ml;ltizapd; gpujpnahd;W tPjk;
toq ;Fq ;fs ; . ml ;ltizia
thrpj;J gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F
t pilas pg ; gjw ;F khztiu
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
i& nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J fhypf;F cs;s
J}uk; ahJ? ^115km&
ii& mk ;ghe ;Njhl ;ila py ; ,Ue ;J
nfhOk;gpw;F cs;s J}uk; ahJ?
^237 km&
iii& 186km J}uk ; fhl ;lg ; gLtJ
ve;efuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhFk;?
iv& 237 km J}uk ; fhl ;lg ;gLtJ
ve;efuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhFk;?
v& aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gj;jsj;
j pw ;Fk ; > Gj ;jsj ;j py ; ,Ue ;J
nfhOk;gpw;Fk; gazQ; nra;Ak;
xUtu; gazQ; nra;a Ntz;ba
nkhj;jj; J}uj;ijf; fhZq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
NkYs ;s ml ;ltiz %yk ;
khztu; jdpj;jdpahfr; nra;tjw;F
ga pw ;r pnahd ;W toq ;Fq ;fs ; .
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
i& Gj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J fhypf;F cs;s
J}uk; ahJ?
ii& 122km J}uk; vt;tpU efuq;fSf;F
,ilNa fhl;lg;gLfpwJ?
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
tpiuthfr; nra;JKbf;Fk; khz
tu;fis NkNy $wg;gl;l tpjkhd
ml;ltiznahd;iwj; jahupg;gjpy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
178Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
ghlk; 3>4>5ghlk; 3>4>5ghlk; 3>4>5ghlk; 3>4>5ghlk; 3>4>5
Gifapuj Neu ml;ltiz> NgUe;J
Neu ml;ltiz> NtW juTfisf;
fhl;Lk; ml;ltizapy; jfty;fis
thr p g ; gjw ;F khztu ; fSf ;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. ,t;thW
ml;ltiziaAk; Neu ml;ltiz-
iaAk; thrpg;gjpy; khztu;fsJ
jpwid tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;F
cjtp toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlE}ypy ; cs;s gapw ;r pfis
cupathW gad;gLj;jp> khztu;fs;
juTfisf; ifahSk; jpwidr;
rupahd Kiwapy; ngw;Ws;sduh
vd;gijf; fzpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.
Nkyj pf cjt p Njitg ; gLk ;
khztu;fSf;F ,yFthd ml;ltiz
kw;Wk; mJ njhlu;ghd tpdhf;fs;
tpdTjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfspy;
cjtp toq;Fq;fs;.
jfty;fisj; jpul;LjYk; juTfisf;
ifahSjYk; md;whl tho;tpy; mjpf
gad;juf;$ba jpwd;fshFk;.
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
179 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ fpilg;glk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ KO tFg;G mwpKfj;jpw;fhf
fpl;lj;jl;l 30 cm ePsKk; 20cm
mfyKk; nfhz;l ngl;bnahd;W.
³ 4 0 x3 0 fl ; lq ; fs ; cs ;s
rJuf;Nfhl;Lj; jhs;
³ FOr; nraw;ghl;bw;fhf rtu;f;fhug;
ngl;b Nghd;w rpwpa ngl;bfs;
³ nrd;upkPw;wu; Nfhy;
³ rJuf;Nfhl;Lj; jhs;fs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
ngl;bia tFg;gpw;F Kd;itj;J mjd;
Kd;Njhw ;wk ; > gf ;fj ; Njhw ;wk ; >
fpilj;Njhw;wk; vd;gd njhlu;ghf
tprhupAq;fs;.
jk;kplk; cs;s rpwpa ngl;bfspd;
Kd ; Njhw ; wk ; > gf ; fj ; Njhw ; wk ; >
fpilj;Njhw;wk; vd;gd njhlu;ghf
t ptu pg ; gjw ;F r py khztUf ;F
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
ngl;bfspd; fpilg;glj;ij tiua
Ntz;bAs;sJ vdf; $wp> mjidr;
nra;Ak; tpjj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.
ngl;bfspd; ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk;
msf;f Ntz;Lk ; vd mtu ;fs;
$wyhk;.
,U khztiu Kd;dhy; mioj;J
mwpKfj;jpw;fhf vLj;j ngl;bapd;
ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk; msf;FkhW
$Wq;fs;.
mt;tsTfisf; fUk;gyifapy; vOjp
mit rupahdjhntdg; ghu;g;gjw;F
,d;DkpU khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
rJuf ;Nfhl ;Lj ; jhisf ; fUk ; -
gyifapy; xl;b ngl;bapd; fpilg;-
glj;ij mjpy; tiutJ vt;thW vd
khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;.
xU nrd;upkPw;wu; xU fl;lj;jpdhy;
tiff;Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ vdf; $Wq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
30 cm ,w;F 30 fl;lq;fSk;
20cm ,w;F 20 fl;lq;fSk;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
ngwg;gl;l msTfSf;F Vw;g ngl;bapd;
fpilg;glj;ij rJuf;Nfhl;Lj; jhspy;
tiutjw ;F khztiu to p g ;
gLj;Jq;fs;. (NfhLfis njspthf
tiutjpy; ftdQ; nrYj;Jq;fs;.)
tiuag;gl;l fpilg;glk; njhlu;ghf
g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w t pdhf ;fs ;
rpytw;iw khztuplk; tpdhTq;fs;.
tiuag;gl;Ls;s cU ahJ? (ngl;bapd;
fpilg;glk;)
fpilg;glj;jpd; ePsKk; mfyKk;
ngl;bapd; cz;ik ePsKk; mfyKk;
MFkh?
fpilg;glj;jpd; ePsg; gf;fj;jpy; vj;jid
fl;lq;fs; cs;sd?
mjdhy ; vt ;tsT e Psk ;
fhl;lg;gLfpwJ?
fpilg;glj;jpd; mfyg; gf;fj;jpy;
vj;jid fl;lq;fs; cs;sd?
mjdhy; vt;tsT ePsk; fhl;lg;-
gLfpwJ?
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: js tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;Jjs tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;Jjs tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;Jjs tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;Jjs tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;J
fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 11111
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.
fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk;fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk;fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk;fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk;fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
36 36 36 36 36
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
180Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;js cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;Fjs cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;Fjs cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;Fjs cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;Fjs cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;F
mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ mstpil
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ kPw;wu;Nfhy;> nrd;upkPw;wu; Nfhy;
³ Ke;jpa ghlj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa
mstpyhd rJuf;Nfhl;Lj; jhs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
Mrpupa Nkir Nghd;w ,d;ndhU
Nkiria jahupf;f Ntz;bAs;s-
njdf; $Wq;fs;.
mjw;F mjd; fpilg;glj;ij vt;thW
tiutJ vd;gijf; fhzg;Nghtjhff;
$Wq;fs;.
Nkirapd; ePs> mfyj;ij mse;J
Fw pj ;Jf ; nfhs ;s Ntz ;bajd ;
mtrpaj;ijf; $Wq;fs;.
xU khztid mioj;J Nkirapd;
ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk; msf;fr;-
nra ;J > ,d ;ndhU khztid
mjidr ; nrt ;it ghu ;f ;Fk ;gb
$Wq;fs;.
mt;tsTfisf; fUk;gyifapy ;
FwpAq;fs;.
rJuf;Nfhl;Lf; fljhrpia fUk;-
gyifapy; xl;Lq;fs;.
ghlk; 1 ,y; cs;sJ Nghd;W xU
nrd;upkPw;wUf;F xU fl;lk; tPjk;
vLj;J Nkirapd; fpilg;glj;ij jhspy;
tiutjw;F Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;.
mt;thW nra;tjw;F ,ayhJ vd
khztu; $wyhk;.
mg ; gbaha pd ; f pilg ; glj ;ij
tiutjw;F NtWKiwfs; cs;sdth
vd tpdTq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiu ,Utu ; nfhz ;l
FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
mtu;fsplk; cs;s ngl;bnahd;w;pd;
f pilg ; glj ;ij tiutjw ;F
Maj;jkhFkhW $Wq;fs;.
xt;nthU khztuplKk; nrd;up
kPw;wu; Nfhnyhd;Wk; rJuf;Nfhl;Lj;
jhnshd;Wk; cz;lh vd tpdh-
Tq;fs;.
ngl;bapd; ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;-
ijAk; jdpj ;jdpahf mse;J
e Psj ;ijAk ; mfyj ;ijAk ;
jPu;khdpg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l msTfSf;F Vw;g
f pilg ; glj ;ij tiutjw ;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fpilg;glj;ij mikf;Fk;NghJ
NfhLfs; njspthf tiuag;gly;
Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;
NghJ xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; nrd;W
mtu;fs; rupahfTk; njspthfTk;
fpilg;glj;ij mikf;fpd;wduh vd
Nrhjpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.
khztuJ rJuf; Nfhl;Lj;jhs;
gapw;rpg ; Gj;jfj;jpy; ngl;bapd;
f pilg ; glj ;ij tiutjw ;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mtu;fs; tiue;j fpilg;glj;ij
tpsf;fj;Jld; mikj;Js;sduh vd
cWjpg ;gLjjpf ; nfhs;tjw;fhf
xt;nthU khztuplKk; tpdhf;fs;
rpytw;iw tpdhTq;fs;.
fpilg;glk; fpilg;glk;
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
181 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
,U nrd;upkPw;wUf;F xU fl;lk; tPjk;
vLj;J fpilg;glj;ij tiuAkhW
$Wq;fs;. ,jw;F vj;jid fl;lq;fs;
Njitnad tpdTq;fs;. mjw;Nfw;g
kPz;Lk; tiutjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.
,t;thwhf %d;W nrd;upkPw;wUf;F xU
fl;lk; tPjk; vLj;J fpilg;glj;ij
mikg;gjw;F vj;jid fl;lq;fs;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; fhz
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,t;thW ehd;F nrd;upkPw;wUf;F xU
fl;lk; tPjk; vLj;J fpilg;glj;ij
tiutjw;F vj ;jid fl ;lq ;fs;
Njitnad tprhupAq;fs;.
,t;tpjkhf 4>5 nrd;upkPw;wu;fSf;F xU
fl;lk; tPjk; vLj;J fpilg;glj;ij
mikg;gJ kpfTk; ,yFthdJk;
Vw;wJkhFk; vd;gijf; fhz;gjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
e Psj;ijf; fhl;Ltjw;F vj;jid
fl;lq;fs; Njit?
mfyj;ijf; fhl;Ltjw;F vj;jid
fl;lq;fs; Njit?
,q;F mz;zsthf KOikahd
fl;lq;fis vLj;jiy cWjpg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
mtr pakha pd ; NtW vLj ;Jf ; -
fhl;Lfis tpsf;Fq;fs;.
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ r pw pJ jbg ;ghd ml ;ilfs ;
(jghyl;il> tho;j;J kly;)
³ NfhLfsw;w fljhrp
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
rpwpa ml;ilfis tFg;gpd; Kd;
itj;J mjid mNj mstpy; gapw;rpg;
Gj ; jfj ; j py ; tiue ;J nfhs ;s
Ntz;baJ mtrpankdf; $Wq;fs;.
khztu;fs; gq;fspg ;Gld; mjd;
ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk; nrd;up-
kPw;wu;fspy; mse;J me;j msTfisf;
fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
mjd; ePs> mfyj;Jf;F Vw;wthW
ml;ilapd; fpilg;glj;ijf; fUk;-
gyifapy; tiue;J fhl;Lq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xU fl;lj;ij 5cm my;yJ 5cm,w;F Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifiaf;
fhl;Lk; tpjkhff; fpilg;glj;ij
tiuaf;$ba xU gpurpdj;ij
toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Nkirapd; ePsk; 100 cm, mfyk;
60 cm. xU fl;lj;jpy; 5 cm If;fhl ;Lk; tpjkhf Nkirapd;
Nkw;gug;gpd; mstpilg;glj;ij
rJuf;Nfhbl;l jhspy; tiue;J
fhl;Lq;fs;.
mtu ;fSf;F toq;f pa rJuf ;
Nfhbl;l jhspy; fpilg;glj;ij
tiutjw;F mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu;fs; rupahff; fl;lq;fisf;
fzf ;f p l ; L > Neu ;t ps pk ;igg ;
gad;gLj;jp NfhLfis tiue;J
f pilg ;glj ;ij tiufpd ;wduh
vd;gij mtjhdpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.
khztu;fs; rJuf; Nfhbl;l gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; fpilg;glk; xd;iw
tiuaf;$bathW gpurpdk; xd;iw
toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;Fjstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;Fjstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;Fjstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;Fjstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;F
xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
182Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
toq;fg;gl;l rJuf; Nfhbl;l jhisg;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;gijf;
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
fljhrpnahd;iw ehd;fhf kbj;Jg;
ngw;w nrq;Nfhzj;jpd; %iyfis
cjtpahff; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
tFg ;ig ,Utu ; nfhz ;l
FOf ;fshf xOq ;fikj ;Jf ;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
gy ; NtW msTfs ; nfhz ;l
jbg;ghd ml;ilfisf; FOTf;F
xd;W tPjk; gfpu;e;J nfhLq;fs;.
Nkw ;$wg ;gl ;l gbKiwfisf;
ifahs;tjd; %ykhf mt;tl;il-
fspd; fpilg;glj;ij NfhLfsw;w
fljhrpapy; tiue;J nfhs;tjw;F
topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu;fs; FOr;nraw;ghLfspy;
<Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ FOf;fSf;Fr;
nrd ;W mtu ; fs ; ru pahfr ;
nra;fpwhu;fsh vd;gij Nrhjpj;Jg;
ghUq;fs;.
Kd;G ngw;w msTf;F Vw;g tiuag;gl;l
fl;lj;jpd; fpilg;glj;ij tFg;gpy;
Kd;itj;J mJ tiuag;gl;Ls;s tpjk;
gw;wpa fye;Jiuahlypy; <LgLq;fs;.
tFg;giwf;Fk; ,JNghd;w fpilg;
glj;ij tiutjw;fhfg; nghUj;jkhd
msTfspd; mtrpaj;ij NkNyhq;fr;
nra;Aq;fs;.
,t ;thwhd fpilg ;glq ;fSf ;Fg ;
nghUj;jkhd msTfshf kPw;wu;>
nrd;upkPw;wu; vd;git Vw;wjhFk; vDk;
MNyhridia Kd;itAq;fs;.
khztu; gq;fspg;Gld; tFg;giwapd;
f pilg ;glj ;ijf ; fUk ;gyifapy ;
tiuAq;fs;. (1 nr.kP. 1 kPw;wiuf;;
fhl;Lk; tifapy;)
(nrq ; Nfhz %iyfs ; ,q ;F
gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;)
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;> nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPL
cs;s Nfhy;> NfhLfsw;w fljhrp
³ tPL my;yJ fl;llk; xd;wpd;
fpilg;glk; (kpf vspa tbtpy;)
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
tFg;giwapd; fpilg;glj;ij tiua
Ntz;baJ mtrpankdf;; $Wq;fs;.
Kd ;tUk ; khztu ; r pyUf ;F
tFg ;giwa pd ; e Ps > mfyj ;ij
msg;gjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
mg ; ngWkhdq ;fisf ; f pl ; ba
kPw;wu;fspy; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;gnghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;gnghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;gnghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;gnghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;g
fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 44444
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
183 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
ahNjDk ; msTfSf ; Nfw ; g >
fpilg;glj;ij tiuAk; Mw;wiy
Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpy;
nghUj;jkhd gapw;rpiaAk; gpd;tUk;
t pjkhd g pur pde ; j Pu ;j ;jiyAk ;
khztUf;F toq;Fq;fs;.
fl;llj;jpd; ePsk; 20m> mfyk; 15mMFk;. xU nrd;upkPw;wupy; 5 m If;
f hl ;Lk ; t pjkhf fl ; llj ; j pd ;
fpilg;glj;ij tiuAq;fs;.
250cm ePsk; 150cm mfykhd ad;dy;
xd ;w pd ; f pilg ; glj ;ij tiua
Ntz ;baJ mtr pankd ; gijf ;
$Wq;fs;. 10cm ,w;F xU fl;lk; tPjk;
vLj;jhy; fpilg;glj;jpd; ePsk;> mfyk;
vd;gd vj;jid fl;lq;fshFk;?
xU miwapd; msTj;jpl;lk; fPNo
jug ; gl ;Ls ;sJ . 1 cm> 2m I
tiff ;Fw pf ;Fkha pd ; miwa pd ;
cz;ikahd ePsk;> mfyk; vd;d?
4 cm
3cm
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztu; ,UtupUtuhf ,ize;J
tFg ;giwapd ; f pilg ;glj ;ij
fljhrpapy; tiutjw;F topg;-
gLj;Jq;fs;.
mt;thNw kw;nwhU ,lj;j pd ;
e Ps > mfyj ;ij mse ;J
nfhz;L fpilg;glj;ij tiutjpy;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
fUk;gyif>
ad;dy;>
NtnwhU tFg;giw
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;
tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 55555
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
184Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ rkr;rPu; ³ rkr;rPu;f; NfhL
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ fljhrpapy ; xusT ngupjhf
ntl;lg;gl;l gy;NtW tbtq;fs;
(rkr;rPuhd> rkr;rPuw;w)
³ FO Ntiyf;fhff;> fljhrpapy;
ntl;lg;gl;l gy;NtW tbtq;fspd;
njhFjpAk; fljhrpapy; tiuag;
gl;l gy;NtW tpjkhd cUtq;
fSk;.
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
fljhrpapy ; ntl;lg ;gl ;l rkr;r Pu ;
tbtq;fis tFg;gpd; Kd;itAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
,uz ;L rkdhd gFj pfshf
kbf;ff;$ba cUtk; rkr;rPu; cUtk;
vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;. Kd;tUk;
khztuplk; tbtq;fisf; nfhLj;J
mit rkr;rPu; cs;sitah vd;gij
mtjhdpf;FkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
cUtj;ij ,U rkdhd gFjpfshfg;
gpupj;J> mjpy; tUk; NfhL rkr;rPu;
NfhL vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Kd ;tUk ; khztu ; r pyUf ;F
tbtq;fis toq;fp> mit rkr;rPu;
cs;sjh vd;gijg ; ghu ;g ;gjw ;F
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
rkr ; r P u ; cUtq ;fs ; gw ; w p f ;
fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
rkr;rPu; NfhLs;sJ.
rkr;rPu; NfhLfspd; ,Ugf;fKk;
xd;Wf;nfhd;W rkdhdit.
rkr;rPu; mr;R rpytw;iwf; nfhz;l
tbtk ; xd ;iw khztUf ;F
toq;Fq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L: nrt;tf tbtk;
nrt;tfnkhd;iw ,uz;lhf kbj;J
mj pYs ;s rkr ; r P u ; Nfhl ;ilf ;
fhz;gpf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.
me;j tbtj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;
tiue;J mjd; rkr;r Pu ; Nfhl;il
tiuAq;fs;.
mj py ; NtW rkr ;r P u ; NfhLfs ;
cs;sdth vd;gij tpdTq;fs;.
khztDf;F / khztpf;F mjidf;
fhl ;Ltjw ; f hd re ; j u ; g ; gj ;ij
toq;Fq;fs;.
fUk;gyifapy; tiuag;gl;l tbtj;jpy;
mr;rkr;rPu; Nfhl;il tiuAq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: rkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fisrkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fisrkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fisrkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fisrkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fis
NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.
ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1
Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : rkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtWrkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtWrkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtWrkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtWrkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtW
Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs;rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs;rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs;rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs;rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;
37 37 37 37 37
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
185 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l rkr;rPu; NfhLfs;
cs;s cUtq;fSk; ,Ug;gij NkYk;
vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;Lfs ; %yk ; ,dq ;
fhz;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf ; FOf ;fshf ; f p >
fljhrpapy; ntl;lg;gl;l rkr;rPu;
kw;Wk; rkr;rPuw;w tbtq;fspd;
njhFj pnahd ;iw xt ;nthU
FOTf;Fk; toq;Fq;fs;.
mt;tbtq;fspd; rkr;rPu; kw;Wk;
rkr ;r Puw ;w tbtq;fis NtW-
gLj;Jtjpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;. rkr;rPu;
tbtq;fspy; rkr;rPu; NfhLfis
tiuAkhW $Wq;fs;.
rkr;rPu; cs;sJk; rkr;rPu; mw;wJkhd
gytbtq ;fs ; tiuag ; gl ; l
fljhrpnahd;iwAk; FOf;fSf;F
toq;Fq;fs;.
mt ;thW tiuag ; gl ; l js
tbtq ;fs py ; rkr ; r P u ; cs ;s
jstbtq;fisj; njupTnra;J>
mtw ;w py ; rkr ;r P u ; NfhLfis
tiutjw;F <LgLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
khztu;fs; rkr;rPu; tbtq;fisr;
r u pahf ,dq ;fz ;Ls ;sduh
vd;gijAk; rkr;rPu; NfhLfs; rupahf
tiuag;gl;Ls;sdth vd;gijAk;
cWjp nra ;tjw ;F xt ;nthU
FOTf;Fk; nrd;W mtjhdpAq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ rkr;rPu; ³ rkr;rPu; NfhL
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ fj;jupf;Nfhy;
³ fljhrp 6cmx6cm msT
³ epw ik
³ XusT ngupa fljhrp
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
rkr;rPu; cUtq;fspd; gz;Gfs; gw;wp
khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
,jw;F rkr;rPu; tbtq;fs; rpytw;iwg;
gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fljhr pia ,uz ;lhf kbj ;J
fj;jpupf;Nfhyhy; ntl;bNah my;yJ
f po pj ;Njh rkr ;r P u ; tbtq ;fis
Mf;fpf;nfhs;Sk; tpjj;ijr; nra;J
fhl;Lq;fs;.
xU Jsp ikiaf; fljhrpapy; ,l;L>
,uz ;lhf kbj ;Jk ; rkr ; r P u ;
cUtq;fisr; nra;ayhk; vd;gijf;
fhl;Lq;fs;. ,t;thW kbf;fg;gl;l
NfhL rkr;rPu; mr;R vdg;gLk;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztiuf ; FOf ;fshf ; f p >
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 6cm x 6cmmst pyhd xU fljhr pia
toq;Fq;fs;.
gy ;NtW tbtq;fspy ; rkr ;r Pu ;
cUtq;fis Mf;fp> mtw;wpd;
rkr;rPu; mr;ir milahskpLkhW
mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;.
khztu; FOf;fshf Mf;fpa rkr;rPu;
cUtq;fis kw;nwhU fljhrpapy;
xl;bf;nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.
ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2ghlk; 2
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
186Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
FOf;fs; Mf;fpa rkr;rPu; tbtq;
fis tFg ; g py ; fhl ; r p g ; -
gLj;Jtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;F-
q;fs;.
xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; 6cmx6cmmsTs;s fljhrpj ; Jz;Lfs;
r pytw ;iw toq ;f p rkr ; r P u ;
cUtq;fis Mf;fTk; gapw;rpg;
Gj ;jfj ;j py ; mtw ;iw xl ;bf ;
nfhs;sTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. ,q;F
rkr;r Pu ; NfhLfisj; njspthf
tiue;J nfhs;tjw;F xOq;F
nra;Aq;fs;.
cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;
tpiuthfr; nraw;ghl;il epiwT-
nra;Ak; khztu;fis NkYk; rkr;rPu;
cUtq;fs; tiutjpy; <LgLj;J-
q;fs;.
,lu;g;gLk; khztu;fSf;F Nkyjpf
cjtpfis toq;Fq;fs;.
kw;nwhU khztid mioj;J mJ
Nghd;w tbtq;fspd; njhFjpnahd;iw
toq;f p > NtnwhU Nfhyj ;ijf ;
fl;bnaOg;GkhW $Wq;fs;.
cUthf;fg;gl;l Nfhyq;fs; njhlu;ghf
khztu;fSld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
xNu t pjkhd cUtq ;fisg ;
gad ;gLj ;j pg ; gy ;NtW tpjkhd
vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;
vd;gijj; njspTg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL
khztu;fisf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.
xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; fljhrpapy;
ntl;lg;gl;l tbtq;fspd; njhFjp-
nahd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.
FOtpy; midtUk; ,ize;J
tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW
vz; Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;G-
tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
mf;Nfhyq;fis fljhrpapy; xl;b>
tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg ;gLj;Jtjw;Fr;
re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.
nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;
³ Nfhyk;
tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;
³ gy;NtW tbtq;fs;
KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;
khztu; midtUf;Fk; njupaf;$ba
,lj ;j py ; > tbtq;fisf;nfhz;L
gpd;tUk; tpjkhd Nfhynkhd;iwf;
fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.
,e ;jf ;Nfhyj ;ij NkYk; fl ;b -
naOg;Gtjw;fhf mLj;JtUk; tbtk;
vJthf ,Uf ;fyhk ; vd ;gijf ;
$Wtjw;F khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;
toq;Fq;fs;.
xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l 2 my;yJ 3
tbtq;fs; nfhz;l njhFjpnahd;iw
Nkir kPJ itAq;fs;.
xU khztid Kd;dhy; mioj;J
Nfhynkhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf
mt;tbtq;fisf; fUk;gyifapy;
my;yJ Rtupy; njhq;ftplg;gl;l
ml;ilapy; xl;Lk;gb $Wq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
187 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;
tbtq;fisf; nfhz;l Nfhyq;-
fis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F Vw;w
gapw;rpfsp;y; khztiu <LgLj;-
Jq;fs;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
gpd;tUk; Nfhyq;fisg;; g+u;j;jp
nra;Aq;fs;.
1&
2&
fzpjk; juk; Ie;J
188Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b
juk; Ie;J - fzpjk; fzpg;gPl;L - mwpf;ifg; gbtk;
juk; Ie;J - fzpjk; fzpg;gPl;L - mwpf;ifg; gbtk;
juk; Ie;J - fzpjk; fzpg;gPl;L - mwpf;ifg; gbtk;
juk; Ie;J - fzpjk; fzpg;gPl;L - mwpf;ifg; gbtk;
juk; Ie;J - fzpjk; fzpg;gPl;L - mwpf;ifg; gbtk;
khztu; ngau;
fzpg;gPl;L msTj;jpl;lk;
ntw;wpfukhfr;
nra;thu; √√ √√√
,lu;g;gLfpwhu; /
NkYk; cjtp
Njitg;gLfpwJ
•
1. ehd;fpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;zpf;ifia tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.
2. vz;Nfhyj;jpYs;s nghJ tpj;jpahrj;ij ,dq;fz;L> mLj;JtUk; ,yf;fj;ij
vOJthu;. (6-8 tiu)
3. 2 Kjy; 5 tiuapyhd ngUf;fy; Nfhyq;fis ,dq;fz;L Mf;Fthu;.
4. ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F kw;Wk; gj;jpd; gq;FfSf;F cupa gpd;dq;fis
,dq;fhz;ghu;.
5. 1 Kjy; 20 tiu cNuhkd; vz;fis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.
6. ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;. (Njitnadpy; nfhz;L
nry;yYld;)
7. 9 999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vznzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhU vz;izf; fopg;ghu;. (nfhz;L
tUjYld;)
8. 7 Mk; 9Mk; ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.
9. <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vznzhd;iw 2 Kjy; 10 tiuapYs;s ve;j vz;zhYk;
ngUf;Fthu;.
10. %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 3 Kjy; 9 tiuapYs;s ve;jnthU
vz;zhYk; tFg;ghu;.
11. 24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.
12. kzpj;jpahyk;> epkplq;fs; nfhz;l gpurpdq;fs; jPu;g;ghu;.
13. fope;j Neuj;ij kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; fzf;fpLthu;.
14. jput msit mDkhdpj;J> cz;ikahd msTld; xg;gpLthu;.
15. yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; nfhz;l ,yFthd $l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;;g;ghu;.
16. yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; nfhz;l ,yFthd fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;;g;ghu;.
17. kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; msTfspy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.
18. kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; msTfspy; ePsj;ij mse;J $Wthu;.
19. yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; nfhz;l ,yFthd $l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;;g;ghu;.
20. kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; nfhz;l ,yFthd fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
21. fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fspy; msTfspy; epiwia mse;J $Wthu;.
22. epak myifg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUs;fspd; epiwia mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.
23. fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;> fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
24. fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fs; nfhz;l ,yFthd ngUf;fy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.
25. fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fs; nfhz;l ,yFthd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;;g;ghu;.
26. toq;fg;gl;l jstbtq;fspd; gug;gsit rJunrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
mse;J $Wthu;.
27. &gha;> rjq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy;fspy;; <LgLthu;.
28. fzpjr;nra;ifnahd;W my;yJ gy mlq;fpa gzk; njhlu;ghd fzpjr; nraw;ghLfisr;
nra;thu;.
29. jpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpufzpj tbtq;fspdJk; gz;Gfis ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.
30. fpilj;jsk;> epiyf;Fj;Jj;jsk; vd;gtw;iw ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.
31. Kg;gupkhz tbtq;fis Mf;Ftjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba ,Ugupkhz tbtq;fis
tiuthu;.
32. nrq;Nfhzj;ijtplr; rpwpaJk; ngupaJkhd Nfhzq;fis ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.
33. vspa msTfisf;nfhz;l mstpilg;glq;fs; tiuthu;.
34. vl;Lj;jpirfisAk; fhl;Lthu;.
35. toq;fg;gl;l fw;gidf; Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
36. rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis Mf;Fthu;.
37. juTfisr; Nrfupg;ghu;> epuy; tiuGfSld; tiff;Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
38. Neu ml;ltiz> tiuGfis thrpg;ghu;.