Upload
javier
View
44
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Future Pharmaceutical Sciences and Recent Advancement of Medical Sciences . Kunio KAWAMURA, Ph.D. Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. . Outline of this speech-1 Following two topics will be presented as representatives . Co . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Future Pharmaceutical Sciences and Recent Advancement of Medical Sciences
Kunio KAWAMURA, Ph.D. Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
Outline of this speech-1 Following two topics will be presented as representatives
Co.
(1) Application of iPS : iPS cells are engineered by introducing specific genes into cells derived from the skin, blood and other body tissues. They have the potential capacity to develop into cells of various parts of the body. The first clinical study has just started to treat age-related macular degeneration, an intractable disease of the eye. iPS cells turn into pigment epithelial cells, and thereafter, are cultivated to multiple applicable sheets for transplants to many patients. The cultivated cell sheets will be a kind of medical device. The application is now expanding to various medical sciences.
Outline of this speech-2 (2 ) Clinical trials using therapeutic porcine cell implants have already been at the final stage. Microspheres containing live pig’s islet cells are implanted into a patient's abdomen. Once implanted, the encapsulated islet cells work by self-regulating and efficiently secreting insulin and glucagon in response to the patient's changing glucose levels. The capsules containing islet cells are protected from the body's immune response by the semi-permeable membrane, and also permit the bidirectional diffusion of molecules essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products. This technology is now being extended to treat other diseases. Those encapsulated cells will be categorized as combination products
Human Organs/Cells Transplantation
1 . Shortage of Donors 2 . Utilization of iPS Cells 1) Use of Human Cells (ex. Conversion from Human skin cells) 2) Generation of Human Organ in Animal by Animal-Human Chimeric Embryo Technology (ex. Human Blood in sheep. Human Heart and/or , spleen in Pig) 3. Make use of Animal Organ by an New Invention to Eliminate Rejection Reaction .Clinical trials are now progressing for 2-1) and 3. These have need for new concept of pharmaceutical sciences.
Transplantation of Organ in Human
Current situation
Human-Human Heart Transplantation in Japan
Waiting
Transplanted
Organ, Tissue and Cell Transplantation
1. Generation of Human Organ, Tissue and/or Cells from iPS Cells
2. Generation of Human Organ, Tissue and/or Cells in Animal by Elimination Rejection
3. Making Use of Animal Tissue or Cell, as it is, by Elimination Rejection
Mechanisms of Rejection Reaction
Lymphocytes/Immune cells attack the Transplanted Organ
Transplanted Organ
Lymphocytes/Immune Cells
In order to Reduce Rejection reactions There are two methods.1) One is to use the same kind of biological
products. ex. Human – Human transplantation. 2) The second is to make change the differences to
harmonize, by make use of genetic technology. ex. using iPS cells. 3) The third is to protect cells from the rejection
reactions by artificial barriers. ex. Protecting cells by blocking higher molecular barrier.
Examples of New Type of Pharmaceuticals and Medical devices
・ Generation Retina sheet for multi-patients, (under clinical trial)
・ Generation of Blood/Blood cells in animals formulti- patients,
・ Encapsulated Insulin Secreting Pig cells ( under clinical trial)
Pharmaceutical science should cooperate and contribute the completion of these technology, and have to care how to deliver, storage and use.
ES Cell and iPS Cells
Embryonic stem cells are able to develop into any type of cell. Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage embryo . Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells. Isolating the embryoblasto or inner cell mass (ICM) results in destruction of the fertilized human embryo, which raises ethical issues.
Induced pluripotent stem cells, abbreviated as iPS cells are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell – typically an adult somatic cell – by inducing a "forced" expression of specific genes. Induced pluripotent stem cells are similar to natural pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, in many aspects. Induced pluripotent cells have been made from adult stomach, liver, skin cells and blood cells.
How to manufacture iPS Cells
CELLS
Four kinds of genes
Reset
Muscle cells
Nervous Cells
Skin Cells
Cells
Skin Cells
Red Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells
Application of iPS Cell Technology to Medical science
The first case of iPS Cell thechnology to medical sciences. “ Age-Related Macular Degeneration : iPS Cells-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell”
Medical Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration for Eye
Patients of Age-Related Macular Degeneration for Eye
Skin Cells
iPS Cells
10 months Cells
Genes into Cell
Macula Cell sheet
Trans Plantation
Age-Related Macular Degeneration ー iPS Cells-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Sheey (シートを将来市販する:医療機器)
iPS Cells
Cultured to Cell sheet
Cultured cells are Transplanted to Retina
Rtinal Pigment Epithelium Cell
Eye lens
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell
The second Case: Xenotransplantation Human-animal Transplantation
Animal-Human Chimeric Embryo
Human Cells
Animal EmbryoEmbryo
Use of Animal Organ –Xeno-trans-plantation-
1 . How to Overcome Rejection/ Immune 2 . Ethics of Life
Human Organ (Pancreas) cultivated in Pig
Fertilized egg
Human iPS cells
Genetically manipulated Embryo
Injection to animal womband incubate
Birth of animal with human pancreas
Method 3
Making Use of Animal Tissue or Cell, as it is, by Elimination Rejection
Nutrition, Oxygen
Anti-Body
Semi-permeableMembrane
Pig Islet Cells
Insulin
Cell Encapsulation
Animal Organ from Pig cells to be TransplantedGet animation: Processing pig cells for transplants
Capsules Containing Cells
Islets isolated from neonatal porcine pancreas in alginate-polyornithine
Capsules for sale ( Before Use)
Label of Clinical Use Product
Diabetes Treatment Utilizing Implanted Encapsulated, Insulin-Producing Cells Would Replace Existing Type 1 Diabetic Drugs
1. iPS cell technology is usefull and promising in future,2. Living cell encapsulation technology will also have various future application.
Thank you for your attention
Kunio KAWAMURA