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8/6/2019 Future of Automobile
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Honda FCX Clarity BMW 7
GREEN & FRUGALHonda Insight Chevrolet Volt
Tesla Roadster Toyota PriusFeedback [email protected]
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WHY?
Energy Security
Global Warming
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Ener Securit
Reliance on Fossil fuels
Import from Politically unstable areas
OPEC, Middle East, Russia, Venezuela
Increased future demand from developing countries
China, India
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GlobalWarming
Rise in the average temperature of the earth
Effects
Melting of ice Rise in sea levels Climate changes (Dry & w et)
Reasons
Increase in concentration of green-house gases
Carbon dioxide(presently 380 ppm)Methane
a er vapour Nitrous oxide
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How to BE GREEN & FRUGAL
Reduce Carbon Fuel consumption
Use of alternative energy (non-carbon)
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CARBON CYCLE
Reduce/Stop
Carbon
Emission
FuelEconomynorms
CarbonCredits
CarPooling
RideSharing
Publictransport
Remove
Carbonfrom
Atmosphere
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ReduceFuelconsumption
Reduce/stopemissionofCO2
Usenoncarbonenergy
GREEN &FRUGAL CARS
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ENERGY DISTRIBUTION TYPICAL IC ENGINE AUTOMOBILE
TANK to WHEEL EFFICIENCY
WELL to WHEEL EFFICIENCY
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PATH to GREEN &FRUGAL
FLEX-FUEL CARSALTERNATE FUEL CARS
(ICENGINES)
MICRO-HYBRID CARSFUSIONOF
MILD HYBRID CARS
FULL HYBRID CARS
nsoncyc e
ELECTRICMOTOR
ELECTRIC CARS ELECTRICMOTOR
PLUG-IN HYBRID FUSIONOFH brid &ELECTRIC
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PATH to GREEN &FRUGAL
FLEX-FUEL CARS
ALTERNATE FUEL CARS
MICRO-HYBRID CARS
MILD HYBRID CARS
FULL HYBRID CARSULL HYBRID CARS
ELECTRIC CARS
PLUG-IN HYBRIDLUG-IN HYBRID
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ALTERNATE FUELS
Ethanol is produced from corn/Sugarcane and other crops.
ro uces ess green ouse gas em ss ons t an convent ona ue s.
Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. It usually
,
B5, B10..Natural gas (CNG) is a fossil fuel that generates less air pollutants
.
Propane (LPG), also called liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), is a
greenhouse gases.
Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels (such as coal, Natural
gas), Electrolysis of water.
,
gas), nuclear power, or renewable resources, such as hydropower.
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PATH to GREEN &FRUGAL
FLEX-FUEL CARS
ALTERNATE FUEL CARS
MICRO-HYBRID CARS
MILD HYBRID CARS
FULL HYBRID CARSULL HYBRID CARS
ELECTRIC CARS
PLUG-IN HYBRIDLUG-IN HYBRID
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micro Hybrid
Stage 1 Stop engine at idle (0 5 Sec)Restart when pressing clutch or accelerator
Stage 2 Integrated Starter-Generator (ISG)
Stop engine at idle (0 5 Sec)
Restart when pressing clutch or accelerator
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micro HybridStage 2
IC Engine(Gas/Diesel)
E FUEL TANK
ISG
B
Battery
Integrated Starter-Generator
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micro HybridOperating phases
Stage2
NormalICEngine
IntegratedstarterGeneratorEnginedriveswheel/Chargesbattery
Stage3
Stage2+
Regenerativebraking
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PATH to GREEN &FRUGAL
FLEX-FUEL CARS
ALTERNATE FUEL CARS
MICRO-HYBRID CARS
MILD HYBRID CARS
FULL HYBRID CARSULL HYBRID CARS
ELECTRIC CARS
PLUG-IN HYBRIDLUG-IN HYBRID
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IC Engine(Gas/Diesel) Battery
mild hybrid
(Gas/Diesel) Battery(NiMH/Li-ion)
E FUEL TANK
ISG B
Integrated Starter-Generator
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mild hybridOperating phases
Starting/Movingfromrest
ICenginesuppliespowertowheels
aswellaschargesbattery
Cruising
ICenginesuppliespowertowheels
aswellaschargesbattery
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mild hybridOperating phases
Overtaking/Accelerating
ICengine aswellasBattery/Motor
suppliespowertowheels.
MOTORASSIST
Braking
Braking energy is recovered,converted to current and charges
the battery.
REGENERATIVEBRAKING
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PATH to GREEN &FRUGAL
FLEX-FUEL CARS
ALTERNATE FUEL CARS
MICRO-HYBRID CARS
MILD HYBRID CARS
FULL HYBRID CARSULL HYBRID CARS
ELECTRIC CARS
PLUG-IN HYBRIDLUG-IN HYBRID
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IC Engine(Gas/Diesel) Battery
full hybrid
(Gas/Diesel) Battery(NiMH/Li-ion)
Generator
E FUEL TANK
B
M
DC Motor
PowerSplitter
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full hybridOperating phases
Starting/Movingfromrest
ElectricMotorsuppliespowerto
wheels.
Lowspeed/City
ElectricMotorsuppliespowerto
wheels.
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full hybridOperating phases
Cruising/Highway
IC Engine supplies power to wheels
as well as charges the battery.
Overtaking/Accelerating
In addition to engine power, power
is drawn from battery through the
motor.
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full hybridOperating phases
Braking
Kinetic energy of braking is
recovere an rec e o c arge
the battery.
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PATH to GREEN &FRUGAL
FLEX-FUEL CARS
ALTERNATE FUEL CARS
MICRO-HYBRID CARS
MILD HYBRID CARS
FULL HYBRID CARSULL HYBRID CARS
ELECTRIC CARS
PLUG-IN HYBRIDLUG-IN HYBRID
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MOTOR Battery
Electric CARPlug-in electric
Battery(NiMH/Li-ion)
BM
EXTERNAL
CHARGING
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MOTOR Battery
Electric CARFC EV - Fuel cell electric VehicleHYDROGEN
Battery(NiMH/Li-ion)
H2 TANK
BM H2 FUEL CELL
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MOTOR Battery
Electric CARFC EV - Fuel cell electric VehicleMETHANOL
MOTOR Battery(NiMH/Li-ion)
METHANOL TANK
BM H2 FUEL CELLEFORMER
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MOTORBattery
Electric CARER- EV Extended range electric vehicleIC ENGINE
Battery(NiMH/Li-ion)
FUEL TANK
G
BM
EXTERNAL
CHARGING
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PATH to GREEN &FRUGAL
FLEX-FUEL CARS
ALTERNATE FUEL CARS
MICRO-HYBRID CARS
MILD HYBRID CARS
FULL HYBRID CARSULL HYBRID CARS
ELECTRIC CARS
PLUG-IN HYBRIDLUG-IN HYBRID
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IC Engine(Gas/Diesel) Battery
Plug-in hybrid
(Gas/Diesel) Battery(NiMH/Li-ion)
Generator
E FUEL TANK
B
M
DC Motor
PowerSplitter
ExternalCharging
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Plug-in hybridOperating phases
Starting/Movingfromrest
ElectricMotorsuppliespowerto
wheels.
Lowspeed/City
ElectricMotorsuppliespowerto
wheels.
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Plug-in hybridOperating phases
Cruising/Highway
IC Engine supplies power to wheels
as well as charges the battery.
Overtaking/Accelerating
is drawn from battery through themotor.
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Plug-in hybridOperating phases
Braking
Kinetic energy of braking is
recovere an rec e o c arge
the battery.
ExternalCharging
e a ery can e ex erna y
charged, overnight.
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Honda FCX Clarity BMW 7
ELECTRIC FUEL CELL HYDROGEN IC ENGINE
GREEN & FRUGALHonda Insight Chevrolet Volt
ELECTRIC E-REVHYBRID - MILD
ELECTRICHYBRID - FULL
Tesla Roadster Toyota Prius
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thePastthatwas.
li b idi b id1901 MixtieLohner-Porsche Electromobile
Earliest Hybrid arliest Hybrid
1912 Detroit Electric 1913 Thomas Edison
Earliest Electrics arliest Electrics